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5704: ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 10

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Lincoln Day Address by Hon. Barry We have reached a pretty disturbing peri­ it has only been written about 180 years. od in our history as Republicans, when a This is the new idea, that man as an individ­ Goldwater, of Arizona Republican who has been a Republican all ual has dignity and has freedom, and he of his life has to worry about his remarks doesn't obtain those things by being a mem­ before a group of people who travel under the ber of groups. He obtains them from the EXTENSION OF REMARKS title "Republican." Now I realize that in Lord himself. So I defy those who say that this country there are people who accept me conservatives who believe in the freedom OF suspiciously; and some not at all. Now why of the individual are reactionary. No, its the is this true? And I think this is the im­ radicals of this country who want to return HON. portant part, not because it's BARRY GoLD­ to the day of group identity, pigeonhole life OF ARIZONA WATER, but because I am a conservative and if you will, that are the reactionaries of our I'm not ashamed of it and I talk about it. country, and they wrongly call themselves IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES The opposition in this country, not the op.,. liberals. Friday, April tO, 1959 . position in the Republican Party, not . the I believe in the free enterprise system. opposition of Jeffersonian Democrats, .but Good men, well intentioned, controlled by a Mr. GOlDWATER. Mr. President, I those radicals in this country who intend limited number of rules and regulations, "ask unanimous consent to- have printed to destroy us have made a very bad word can make it work well at all times. It has in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an ad­ of "conservative." Bad to the point that produced more for more people than any dress delivered by me on Lincoln Day, conservatives won't stand up and be counted. other economic system in the world and yet They have put an onus on this word that ac­ today there are those people who decry it in Phoenix, Ariz. tually should be on their philosophy and and want to see it done away with. There being no objection, the address not on ours. So I think tonight as I start, Having outlined these few brief points, I was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, I would like to outline briefly to you what don't think there is anybody in this room as follows: I believe in as a conservative Republican. who can fundamentally disagree that these Mayor Williams, Governor Fannin, and I have been attempting to do this across concepts are wrong for America, and yet, Congressman RHODES, distinguished guests, America recognizing that there are people I know there are people here who are as and fellow Americans, fellow Republicans, in this audience, people who will hear this, proud of their liberal interpretation of Re­ fellow Arizonians, I can't tell you how good who now classify themselves as liberals and publican philosophy as I am of a conserva­ it is to be home, but, tonight it is a better say "Oh, I can't agree with anything that tive interpretation of the same philosophy. feeling than I've ever had. The warmth of fellow says, he's too conservative, he's too I think it's time now to look at what the Arizona's sun is surpassed only by the reactionary." liberal of today is, and I'm not talking about warmth of its people and tonight after days I have asked audiences to bear with me and the honest liberal, the man who builds his of the freezing cold of the East both sources compare their philosophies of being a Repub­ liberalism on the concepts of Thomas Jeffer­ are more welcome than at anytime I can lican and an American with those of mine son or even a Bob LaFollette in the later remember. and then see if the word "conservative" years. I am -talking about those people in This evening as we gather to honor the doesn't pretty much describe their own feel.:­ both parties who have more or less bastard­ memory of Abraham ·Lincoln and to ponder ings also. Now what does my conservatism ized the name "liberal,'' and have tried to our responsibilities to him and to our Re­ encompass? hide the real meaning of what they are, First, I believe in the full concept of the "radicals." public I am reminded of a story. President Now, what is a liberal supposed to be? He Lincoln, you know, wore a tall silk hat. One Constitution, as it was written 180 years ago-not as it is being interpreted today. I is supposed to be a man who is constantly day as he got up to speak he put it down in looking for more freedom for the individuals a chair and a rather large lady came along believe, and accept with a full heart, the words of Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of this country, but in looking for it he and sat down on his hat. When Lincoln pursues the Constitution; he pursl,Jes the was finished speaking he came back and of Independence when he said "We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are American thinki;ng and the American ideals. saw this crumpled topper of his, he merely The conservative, on the other hand, is a looked at it and said, "Madam, if you would created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights, and, man who wants to go ahead on the proven have just asked me first I could have told factors of the past. He doesn't want to you it wouldn't have fit." The question that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." experiment as much as the liberal: that is that comes to my mind now is can we fill why the man is called a liberal. Now, let's Lincoln's hat, shoes, and most important, I accept our freedoms as coming from God and I recognize that we've become a great see what we have in the country today, and his ideals? I think that is the question I might say here and now that I believe that is in front of our country today. I people because we've been a spiritual people and we have been materially strong only be­ firmly, that we need in this country a strong, think we are at a crossroads pretty much true liberal movement, and we need a strong, as we were at a crossroads in the days of cause we have been individually spiritually strong. I believe in decentralized govern­ true conservative movement. But let's see Lincoln when unity was needed in the coun­ what these so-called liberals preach in this try; when the people of America were faced ment. I believe firmly that the lOth amend­ ment to the Constitution is the bulwark upon ·country and let's make up our minds with the task of either keeping the Republic whether or not they are liberals. They are alive or having it torn apart by people who which our form of government is based. In­ the ones who are preaching minority versus refused to see and understand the need dividual freedoms rest with the freedoms of majority. They say that freedom rests in of unity. I think tonight that unity is the State and I decry the fact that we are minority groups or majority groups. They equally important not only to the country drifting more and more away from States don't recognize that the individuals of those but to the Republican Party as well. I rights into the concept of centralized govern­ groups are the ones whose freedoms we think we have to strive to create unity with­ ment. I, as a conservative Republican desire should be constantly aware of and constantly in this party just as Lincoln strove to create the preservation of individual liberties rather fighting for. They are the ones who want a Republican Party. We now cannot see than seeking paternalistic security for the to regress. They are the reactionaries who the Republican Party die because there are people in this country. I believe it was in­ want to go back to the group, to tribalism; some small differences of opinion as to what tended that this great Government was to be they are the ones who preach the "common this person should be doing or how or what built upon the idea that you and I are free man." When I ask, who is the common man that mission should be accomplished. people because God intended it that way, and in this country, they will say, "well, he is Now let me illustrate what I am talking that we are not free people because we belong the farmer." And I say, "Well, what does about. I travel around this great country to this or that church, or because we are he farm." "Well, he farms cotton." All and speak to a lot of Republicans. In fact, black, or we're white, ·or we're yellow or red, right, so I ask "Does he farm long staple or thil? is the fourth night in a row and I have or because we come from this country, that short staple." And when they begin to see three more left before I finish this week. country or some other country. We are free the light I say, "Now who is the common And thtS is one of the few places in America because God intended it that way, and we man." Well, they say, "The common man is where I can stand up before a Republican are free as individuals, not as members of a the miner." So I say, "What does he Inine." group and say what Republicans think and collective group. That I firmly believe in. "Well, he mines coal." I ask, "Does he mine not-go away feeling I have stepped on some­ Those of us wbo believe in that, or in those hard coal or soft coal." That about ends body's toes. When I go into some other basic principles are called reactionaries. Now the argument. The truth of the matter is, communities I feel pretty much like I'm it is hard for me to understand how a person folks, that we're a 170 million of the most having to walk on a crate of eggs. I'm care­ who believes in those things can be referred uncommon people that were ever placed on ful to ask the chairman whether this or that to as a reactionary. This, ladles and gentle­ the face of the earth. And if we ever suc­ will upset my listen~rs and then I am care­ m~n. is the new idea. There is nothing old cumb to this idea of oneness, and common­ ful to ignore the touchy subjects. &bout this. It's only 200 years old. In fact ness, this country will be through. 1959 CON~RESSIONAL ._RECORD- HOUSE 5705. I a.:m glad today, in reading the remarks of Let us look now at their attitude toward democrat, democratic or democracy .in the people whom I recognize as real liberals, to fiscal soundness. I call it on their paJ."t, Constitution of the United States and I'll see that they are interpreting the actions of "massive irresponsibility." You have on a sit on the top of John Mills great flag pole so-called liberals as dangerous in this one card tonight, a new penny. If that penny up here on Saturday afternoon an

intensifie-s the problem. The urban renewal elements of a housing program for 1961? sonally, I would prefer $600 ~Ilion, to allow law contains, quite properly,. a provision that 1 believe it should have four: room for the participation of additional a project may not proceed· unless dec.ent. 1. Upper-income housing. For families cities and the acceleration of the program, safe, and sanitary housing is available· for above the median in income, the present and to authorize this rate for a long-term the persons displaced. FHA:-VA-FNMA programs are relatively ade­ period, so that cities can plan ahead-say, What·happens in the case of a typical city quate. FHA has .done far better, however; 10 years. The Senate bill represents a good is this: in promoting :suburQ.an s~Jes housing than compromise, however, for this year. It al­ · The urban renewal planners, initially, urban rentafholising. - SOme of the improve..; lows an authorization of up to $500 million carve out a relatively modest project as a ments needed can be ·accomplished, I am a year for slightly more than 4 years, if community experiment. The existing ·va­ sure, through administrative regulations; be­ applications are filed at that rate. cancy rate in private housing, and the turn­ yond that, legislation may be useful. A con­ Many improvements are needed to provide over in ·public housing, are sufficient to take structive proposal has been presented to flexibility, to cut the long period between care of the families displaced. The project establish a central mortgage facility to stabi­ the conception of a project and its execution, proceeds. Presently, cleared land replaces lize the flow of mortgage· funds. Other rec­ and to adapt the program to industrial and slum, and, shortly afterward, bright new ommended . measures would extend the in­ commercial as well as residential areas-­ buildings rise. surance principle to some loans now made changes too technical to be enumerated here. on conventional- terms and facilitate the Again, the Senate bill points the way for­ The impact on the community is immense. ward, with further changes in order from The pilot project has served its purpose. It trading of old houses for new. All these should be considered. year to year as experience accumulates. has fired the imagination of the civic leaders. The case for urban America is briefly sum­ It has united conservatives and liberals, Re­ The various branches of the housing in­ dustry will present, as they have each year; marized: nearly 70 percent of our people live publicans and Democrats, management and in metropolitan areas, and the proportion labor, behind the inspiring goals of rebuild­ proposals to bring the Government further ing their community. These leaders, in turn, into the job of assisting building for the continues to grow. As an urban nation, ou:r upper and upper-middle income groups. national ability to govern ourselves and solve spur the planners to lay out a truly ambi­ our problems is being tested in the cities. tious program. Together, they map bound­ These should be sympathetically considered, on the principle that whatever accelerates . Many basic tools are at hand. Others can aries for new projects, they count the fami­ readily be fashioned. National purpose and lies to be displaced, and then run abruptly the building of homes for any income group increases the total housing inventory. But will are also present. The need remains only into a cold stone wall: where- do they put for enlightened and courageous leadership. the families? · · this is the easier part of the job of legisla­ Sometimes a city will not encounter the tors; the hard part is devising measures that wall on its second project, or even its third, will work for the lower-income groups for but the logic of the statistics is inexorable. whom the housing industry as now organ­ Sooner or later, before they have bitten very ized does not speak. The Townsend Plan for National deeply into the slum problem, most cities 2. Middle-income housing: For housing will find that urban renewal itself will be purposes, middle-income (or moderate­ Insurance blocked unless low-income housing is pro­ income) families are defined as those whose vided. incomes are too high to permit them to be The figures show that half of the families admitted to public housing projects, and too EXTENSION OF REMARKS displaced by urban renewal are of the lowest low to be able to afford new privately built OF income level-the lowest sixth, who are with­ housing-the exact income limits varying in the income limits of public housing. Of from one market to another, as both in­ comes and housing costs vary. This gap HON. FRED MARSHALL the remaining half, a large proportion are OF MINNESOTA just above the public housing level. Some between the top of public housing and the will disappear during the relocation process bottom of the private market was not an ' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and leave no trace. Some can be absorbed by unknown factor at the time of the passage Friday, April10, 1959 the other slums in the community. A few of the Housing Ac.t of 19.49. But the prob­ will get trickle-down housing from persons lem was held in abeyance until 1950, when Mr. MARSHALL. Mr. Speaker, I take moving to the suburbs. But beyond that, a solution in the form of long-term ·loans, this opportunity to pay tribute to the the only feasible way to bring into balance with interest rates set at the cost of money dedicated people all over America who the need and the availability of low-ren-t to the Government, came within five votes are joined with the Townsend plan for .housing is. to achieve a major acceleration of of adoption by the Senate. The bill has been introduced in subsequent years, with national insurance in working for a de­ the public housing program. cent standard of living for our older citi­ And yet the Eisenhower administration has modifications, by former Senator Herbert chosen this particular moment to recom­ Lehman and by myself, but has not been zens. Their headquarters is just a few mend that what remains of the present brought to a vote on the Senate floor. The blocks from this Capitol and most of us de-vitalized public housing program be laid problem, however, is still with us-increas­ here are familiar with the fine services to rest. ingly so as urban renewal proceeds and the this office performs. Federal highway program bulldozes its way Perhaps there is more consistency to the into the core cities, displacing families by In the decade I have been privileged to administration's program, however, than serve my district in the Congress, I have meets the eye. The President also has pro­ the thousands. 3. Low-income housing: In 1949, Senator come to respect the faithful and tireless posed that the urban renewal program it.;; service this organization performs solely self be held back. He asked $250 million a Taft and his colleagues estimated that one­ year in Federal funds to cover applications tenth of the need for new housing should in behalf of ·the elderly citizens of our beginning at the rate of $500 million and go­ be met each year through public housing. country. It has undertaken this worthy ing up. He also recommended that the Fed­ Accordingly, they authorized 135,000 units a effort on a national level and deserves eral share be reduced gradually from two­ year. Given the current need projection our commendation for the leadership it thirds to one-half. this rate would be raised to 200,000. Not even the 135,000 has been approached, but has provided. It has always been in the If we have less urban renewal, of . course, there is no reason to believe the need is forefront of efforts to attain a. realistic we will need less public housing. We will, any less than estimated a decade ago. program of security for retired workers instead, retain our slums and congratulate and continues to assert this leadership at ourselves upon the "soundness" of our fiscal The difficulty with public housing appears policies. - · to be twofold: apathy or antipathy in the a time when the problem is of growing It is ironic to recall, once more, that the cities and gradual strangulation by hostile consequence. authors of the Housing Act of 1949 were Federal administration. Both can be cured, As a farmer and as a representative to a large extent, by certain changes in the it. is Senators Wagner, Ellender, and Taft-and program: decentralization of management of a great agricultural area, natural that; the last of these is none other than the aecisions, the use of existing· housing and, that I should think of this. legislation in man who lost the Republican nomination in .scattered units in lieu of •large institution­ terms: of farm families;.: · The seriOllS de­ 1952 bec~use he 'was considered too conser- and vative. - · alized . projects,. rul. we ~o fi'Qm here?-·... exclusively to problem ~amilies. Important for· farm -families: to provide for retire­ . I SUJ?pOs~ _ we ~ust _start from the ass:ump­ ~teps _ in this direction are written into the mentL Yet, farmerS were among ·the tion that we can't go anywhere much until housing bill approved this year by the 1961. Even the modest bill the Senate haS Senate. . last to be covered under the 8ocial Se­ .passed is .being greeted with ru.inblings about ' 4. Urban renewal. The urban renewal pro­ curity Act. and many today can qualify :a veto: Clearly; any measure tr.uly geared gram also needs both improvement and ex• .for only the minimum benefits:. .As self~ ·to eradicatir].g slums and rehousing.. .:Slum pansion. To keep- tip with· the current rate employed persons, ·a. distressing: nwnber .families · wo~Id · nevilr get a(}rbsS the · White of applications .would require . an annual of farmers -operate at marginal levelS House t!_lreshold. Bu~ wha~ sho~d be. ·th~ Fecleral autb,orization Qf $500 million. Per• and will therefore continue. to qualify for 5714 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 10 the minimum or near-minimum bene­ fore the President's speech, returns in­ Many of the returns carried marginal fits. dicated 61.8 percent were satisfied that comments in which the voters further We certainly can agree that farmers the defense program is adequate; after amplified their views both on .national contributing to any such program should the speech, the total reached 63.5 per.. issues and on their own individual prob­ be treated as equals of other workers cent. lems with .the Federal Government. and self-employed. They deserve the Both foreign aid and Federal aid to They were very nearly unanimous in call­ same opportunity to maintain a decent school construction slipped in the voter's ing for sensible economy in Federal standard of living upon retirement from favor. Foreign aid support dropped spending; many, in particular, deplored active farm operation. from 50 percent in 1958 to 48.5 percent Farmers have another stake in a real­ this year. Support of Federal school aid the huge farm subsidies doled out under istic program of security for old age in­ fell off from last year's 45 percent to a our antiquated agricultural laws. asmuch as food is the basic requirement mere 36.8 percent. The results of the poll follow: of every human being and retired workers remain the customers of agri­ Results of 1959 Minshall opinion poll culture. As the number of retired per­ sons grows, it is important that their No purchasing power be maintained at the Yes N o opin­ level of decent comfort and adequate ion diet. Our interest in the retired worker, however, is not primarily economic, but 1. If the fiscal 1960 budget is not balanced, would you favor increasing taxes to eliminate the defirit? ______---- ______------______34.4 60.6 5.0 humanitarian. In the midst of our 2. Do you favor a higher Federal gasoline tax to maintain a pay-as-you-go basis in Federal-aid abundance, we cannot permit a whole highway construction?------48.8 47.9 3. 3 3. From information available, do you belie>"e this country's defense program is adequate? ___ _ 62.5 22. 2 15. 3 segment of our society to exist at sub­ 4. Do you favor Federal aid for local school construction?------36.8 58. 0 5.2 sistence levels after they have contrib­ 5. Are you in favor of amending the Social Security Act to include all medical expenses, the financing to be shared by the employers and employees?_------37.4 56. 9 5. 7 uted their most productive years to our 6. Do you favor repeal of that section of the T aft-Hartley Act which presently permits States growth. to enact their own right-to-work Jaws?------22. 3 69.2 8. 5 7. Should the cost of air passenger terminals be paid by t he airlines rather than from Federal- Because they are genuinely concerned local funds as at present?. ______------75. 1 16. 9 8. 0 with this problem and are dedicated to 8. Do you believe we should continue om foreign aid program which calls for expenditures of its solution, I welcome representatives of $3,200,000,000 in military and economic assistance dming fiscal 1960? ------48.5 46.8 4. 7 9. In case of a blockade, do you believe we should employ military force to maintain our posi- the Townsend organization to my office. tion in Berlin? ______------_------______------_____ ------76.1 13. 3 10.6 In fact, in the 10 years I have been priv­ 10. Do you favor repeal of the 22d amendment, which limits the Presidency to 2 terms?------25. 1 69. 3 5. 6 11. D o you favor expansion of public power against private power (for example, TVA)?------25. 1 65.4 9. 5 ileged to serve in this legislative body, 12. Are you in favor of stronger civil rights legislation?______39.0 40. 5 20.5 the Townsend group have been the only 13. D o you favor removing the Federal Government's present regulatory control over prices producers can charge for natural gas?------18.3 70.9 10. 8 organization to come to my office to ex­ 14. Are you in favor of a law guaranteeing union members the secret ballot in the election or press concern over the problems of the removal of union officials, and in other vital union matters?------01.4 5. 2 3. 4 aged, those senior citizens of ours who have contributed so much to building our great country. Special Citation Awarded to Two and maintenance were involved. Our We respectfully suggest that all who citizens in large numbers, who have had share this concern devote some time to Steamship Companies contact with President Warley and with considering the purposes of H.R. 4000 representatives of the two companies in and the goal it envisions. We are all EXTENSION OF REMARKS question, will approve of these awards, too familiar with the inadequacies and OF which have been' justified by lengthy the inequities of the present social secu­ satisfactory service rity program and know that we must HON. EDWARD A. GARMATZ The Marven Co. has earned the award move forward with realistic programs if OF MARYLAND for the third consecutive year, while the we are to meet the challenge now upon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Calmar Corp. is now being cited for the us. Friday, April 1 0, 19 59 second successive year. Both concerns transport valuable products to Bethle­ Mr. GARMATZ. Mr. Speaker, be .. hem Steel Co., and their ships transport Minshall Opinion Poll Shows 23d District cause of their significance and satisfac­ tory performance in the interest of the lumber from west coast ports in connec­ Ohio Supports President's Defense tion with their return voyages. general public, it is gratifying to have Americans have reason to be proud of Budget, Berlin Stand recognition given to the Marven Steam­ the performance of these companies, ship Co.-formerly the Ore Navigation which have given encouragement to EXTENSION OF REMARKS Corp.-and the Calmar Steamship Co. for attaining highest rating in vessel san­ steamship operators in different parts of OF the country, itation after the closest inspection by our HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL Government authorities. These com­ OF OHIO panieshave just been awarded the special IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES citations of the Public Health Service, after approval of the recommendations The AI Sarena Case: A Log-Rolling Friday, April10, 1959 of inspectors by Joseph B. O'Connor, Re­ Mine Gathers No Gold Mr. MINSHALL. Mr. Speaker, tabu­ gional Director of the Department of lation is complete on the fifth annual Health, Education, and Welfare for New EXTENSION OF REMARKS Minshall opinion poll. This poll went to York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and OF the home of every registered voter in the Delaware. 23d district, 108,000 homes in all. Re­ Harry W. Warley, who has over a HON. CHARLES 0. PORTER sponse was truly remarkable: more than lengthy period distinguished himself in OF OREGON 20,000 questionnaires were completed maritime affairs of our Nation, is the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and returned. president of both companies, and re­ Mailing of the poll was timed so that ceived the awards. Friday, April10, 1959 a sampling of opinion was possible be­ The special citations were given be .. Mr. PORTER. Mr. Speaker, the other fore and after President Eisenhower's cause each of the 9 ships of the Marven day in reading through the interesting televised speech on the Berlin crisis and Steamship Co., and each of the 12 ships hearings on the Department of the Inte.. his defense budget. Prespeech returns of the Calmar Steamship Co. achieved a rior and related agencies appropriations showed 75.5 percent support of his Ber­ rating of 95 or better on official Public for 1960 I came across an enlightening lin stand; postspeech returns showed Health Service inspections in which 166 exchange between my able and distin.. that support had risen to 77 percent. Be- separate items of sanitary construction guished friend, the gentleman from Ohio 195_9 .CONGRESSIQNAL_RECQR:O- _HOU_SE .5715 [Mr. KIRWAN] who is, of course, chair· cent said no, and five percent were un­ by stimulating the business and indus­ man of the appropriations subcommit· decided. try which produces and sells· the ap­ tee, and the director of the Bureau of · The results ori the fair trade bill were pliances, machinery and equipment Land Management of the Department of not nearly as conclusive since 31 percent needed by REA users. the Interior, Mr. Edward Woozley. ·· You favored it; 46 percent were opposed and . Unfortunately, the rural electric sys­ will no doubt remember that the famous a large 23 percent undecided. tems of Indiana have been under severe Al Serena case developed in the Fourth · On the issue of Federal aid to educa­ attack by both the Handley administra­ Congressional District of Oregon and :tion concerning Federal grants to schools .tion in Indianapolis and the Eisenhower was one of the important issues in the for construction and teachers' salaries, administration in Washington. campaign which resulted in my election 33 percent favored, 61 percent opposed, Yesterday the House of Representa­ ·to the 85th Congress. Under leave to and 6 percent were undecided. tives, by a margin of nearly 2 to 1, extend my remarks I am inserting the The omnibus housing bill relating to .voted to uphold the integrity of the REA following brief, but delightful, exchange Federal grants and loans for urban re­ program by restoring to the Rural Elec­ between the chairman and the witness: development, public housing, college trification Administrator sole authority AL SARENA CASE housing loans and other programs to pass on rural power and telephone Mr. KIRWAN. Maybe one of you could en­ brought a favorable response from only loans. The bill, which has also been lighten me on this point. Did they ever dis­ 26 percent. Fifty-six percent opposed passed by a similar margin in the Senate, cover those Ininerals that we gave Al Serena the legislation and 18 percent were un­ would thus reaffirm the original intent with all of that timber? decided. of Congress that the Administrator of Mr. WoozLEY. I think the minerals were Thirty-five percent of the people an­ REA, who is appointed to office for a discovered, but whether or not they are op­ swering were in favor of increasing the :term of 10 years, should be free from erating is a question. Gold prices are not too conducive to mining, and they have not Federal gasoline tax from 3 to 4% cents political influence. Since 1953, however, been since 1934, as you know. per gallon for the highway trust fund. the Secretary of Agriculture has had the Mr. KmwAN. They are not mining. This Fifty-two percent opposed a gasoline last word on the approval or disapproval reminds me of a story Bob Burns, the tax increase and fifteen percent unde· of loans over $500,000. comedian, once told about his uncle. cided. During the 1958 campaign I stated my It took him 3 years to chisel a huge On legislation aimed at elimination of conviction that the REMCs should be boulder out of the mountain overlooking · corruption in labor unions, specifically permitted to operate without having to Van Buren. He finally chiseled it away and such bills as Kennedy, Goldwater, and engage constantly in political and leg­ the boulder rolled down the mountainside and destroyed every building in its path. McClellan to require unions to submit islative battles merely to defend their 'They followed the boulder and when they reports on activities, hold secret ballot right to exist. REMCs are nonpartisan got up to it to examine it carefully, his elections for officers, and other provi­ and should be permitted to remain that uncle said, "Just as I thought, no moss." sions, 94 percent favored such legisla­ way. This is the reason I was glad yes­ The same seems to be true of that mineral tion, 3 percent were opposed, and 3 per­ terday to join with the great majority lease given to Al Sarena. After he removed cent undecided. of' my colleagues in Congress in voting thousands of dollars worth of timber, he The above figures express the views to restore to the Administrator of REA found no minerals. Mr. WoozLEY. The timber is on a national of a small segment of the population in the full authority to pass on loans inde­ forest. Columbus and Franklin County, Ohio, pendant from the control of the Secre­ · Mr. KmwAN. I am glad you mentioned and perhaps other areas in the great tary of Agriculture. that. It was, but, of course, it is now pri­ Midwest. Mr. Speaker, with the passage of this vate land, thanks to the approval of the Due to the tremendous response and legislation rural America can again have mineral claim given by the Interior Depart­ interest in central Ohio, I have mailed confidence in the integrity of the loan ment. out another newsletter and question­ procedures of the Rural Electrification naire on March 30, with seven questions Administration, and the farm families of directed to the mutual security program Indiana and the Nation who use REA can ·Opinions From C-olumbus and Franklin that now faces Congress. The mailing ·continue to enjoy the benefits of modern County, Ohio list has been more than doubled due to electric service. the number of persons who have writ­ ten asking that their names be added. EXTENSION OF REMARKS I hope to give the Members of Congress OF the benefit of that poll on May 1. The A Tribute to a Great American results on incomplete returns to date HON. SAMUEL L. DEVINE are surprising. OF OHIO EXTENSION OF REMARKS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF Friday, April10, 1959 HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER Mr. DEVINE ~ Mr. Speaker, on March Restoring the Integrity of REA OF WISCONSIN 9, 1959, I sent a newsletter and question· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES naire to a cross-section of 1,000 persons EXTENSION OF REMARKS Friday, April10, 1959 in the 12th District of Ohio. The re. OF sponse was amazing. After 30 days 405 Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, persons have answered. I feel this HON. JOHN BRADEMAS under the leave to extend my remarks in clearly demonstrates the keen interest OF INDIANA the RECORD, I wish to announce that it is the citizens of central Ohio have in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with pride and sorrow that I rise, in the affairs of their Government. name of my Wisconsin constituency, to Further, the overwhelming majority Friday, April10, 1959 pay tribute to a great American, Frank of responses contained studied com· Mr. BRADEM:AS. Mr. Speaker, many Lloyd Wright, who passed away in a hos­ ments, suggestions, and opinions rela· of the farm people of Indiana, including pital in Phoenix, Ariz., early yesterday tive to the matters we face here in Con· thousands of the citizens I have the morning,, April 9-just 2 months short gress. I plan to retain these answers honor to represent who live in LaPorte of his 90th birthday. for some period of time, and any Member and Marshall Counties, depend for their And this great American, who lived of Congress who wishes to examine them electricity on the Rural Electric Mem­ just 10 miles west of my congressional is most welcome. bership Corporations; the REMCs. district in Wisconsin, in a once obscure · In response to the question, "Do you The Rural Electrification Administra~ place he named Taliesin, even in the last favor a balanced Federal budget andre· tion program has for ·many years con­ 'days of the broad expanse of his life re­ duced Federal assistance programs tributed enormously to American life mained provocatively controversial and rather than additional public debt?" ·by bringing the blessings of electricity magnificently creative. He will best be Ninety-one percent said yes; four per- ~ the farm families: of o~ . ~ountry and i-emembered for having liftep American .. ~ ... 5716 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 10 architecture from the status of a craft to fierce and furious, warm. with human State and local codes and thus allow all a fine art, but .to Mr. Wright architecture sympathy, delight, ambition, energy, and the milk-consuming public to purchase was even more fundamental and mean­ a passion for truth and justice. His first quality milk at reasonable prices. ingful; it was a way of life, a philosophy. name will be honored for centuries in the Adoption of a uniform national stand­ Frank Lloyd Wright was a man of un­ history of architecture. ard will simplify sanitation code en­ rivaled achievements in the field of He had won international eminence forcement and compliance, and that architecture. Magnificent at once as an long before some of us in the House of means savings to taxpayers, farmers, engineer and as an artist, he has left his Representatives were born, but his con­ and consumers. monuments in stone and steel, in wood tributions, his genius and the spirit of Mr. Speaker, both farmer and con­ and concrete, and glass and plastic, in his personality will live forever. Indeed, sumer stand to gain much by the pas­ globe-girdling profusion. he leaves this earth uniquely-already sage of this bill to set a uniform, na­ Characteristic of the man was his dar­ memorialized by his own monuments. . tional standard for milk sanitation. I ing conception of the plan for the Im­ We and the generations to come will hope that the House will act on H.R. perial Hotel in Tokyo, in 1915. Required long remain in his debt. 3840 quickly and favorably. to design an earthquake-proof building for a region noted for its frequent and severe earthquakes, he discarded the an­ cient reliance upon rock for solidity, Uniform Milk Sanitation Code Needed Keeping the Peace in Berlin knowing that it is in .the rock itself that for Nation the earthquake takes place, and built the hotel like a huge Noah's Ark, not sup­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ported on anything solid, but floating EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF upon soft mud, and held together in­ OF HON. LEONARD G. WOLF ternally by cantilevered floors and con­ crete supports. HON. HENRY S. REUSS OF IOWA The building was completed and OF WISCONSIN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES opened for use in 1922, and in 1923 tri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVFB Friday, April10, 1959 umphantly survived, undamaged, the ex­ Friday, April10, 1959 Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, with nine treme test of the great earthquake of Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, it would of my colleagues in the House of Repre­ that year, one of the worst earthquakes sentatives, Congressmen Carter, Clark, in Japanese history. It was the only be difficult, if not impossible, to conduct the business of the House of Representa­ Meyer, Clement Miller, Porter, Reuss, major building to wi.thstand that up­ George Rhodes, Byron Johnson, Rivers, heaval, and many a correspondent wrote tives under one set of rules on Mon­ .day, a second code on Tuesday, and still and six colleagues in the British Parlia­ in awed tones of seeing its mass looming ment, Attlee, Davies, Foster, Henderson, above a waste of rubble. • a different procedure on Wednesday. Confusion and cha-os would be the in­ Pitman, and Reeves, I have joined in a .But that is one of his ideas, one of his evitable result, and it would not be long proposal which I believe is quite sug­ buildings. He spouted ideas like a foun­ before every Member demanded the gestive. Its purpose is not to foreclose tain, and strewed buildings behind him adoption of a single body of rules to thought on the Berlin issue but to opeil in his career as a child strews toys. But cover every session. possible ways that the United Nations varied as these buildings are, each suited Fortunately, we have but one set of and the United Nations police force could to its surroundings, meeting its special rules. But the example illustrates the be used in keeping the peace. engineering problems, fulfllling the needs confusion that exists today in the It should not be forgotten that the and desires of its owner, and expressing American dairy industry. Although it United Nations was formed to keep the the resolute independence of the archi­ is quite feasible for a dairy to ship milk peace and to help in the settlement of tect--yet there is a core of unity inform.; anywhere in the country, such com­ international disputes. This is the aim ing all this sparkling variety. merce is hampered by the myriad of of the United Nations and we must af­ Everywhere, and all the time, Frank conflicting State and city milk sanita­ ford it an opportunity to function in Lloyd Wright was the exponent of a tion codes that have developed through accordance with the aim that it was as­ philosophy of architecture that com­ the years. signed by the sovereign states of this bined functionalism with what may be It is not unheard of, for instance, for world. called naturalism. His effort was al­ The proposal, as released jointly on the manager of a Wisconsin dairy to Thursday, April 9, is as follows: ways to make his building seem to grow have to be under 10 different sanitation out of the earth like a tree or a bush, to codes. Far from seeking to improve 1. We believe that the problem of Berlin loom like a rocky cliff or to curve like a offers another opportunity for utilizing the health standards, many local sanitation U.N. through the establishment of a U.N. lily; but at the same time to suit his codes exist to restrict competition from building to its function as strictiy as a police force. outside dairies. Such codes are actually 2. A first step would be the appointment machine. A similar suiting of building trade barriers in the disguise of sani­ of a U.N. commander for the present Allied to its surroundings and function appears tation standards..:_and ·nothing more. Kommandatura. This would require the in the apparent inconsistency with So to the confusion and waste that consent of the U.S.S.R., which should be in· which Wright, the most spectacular free­ result from the current pattern of mul­ vited to resume its membership of the Kom• spender in the history of architecture, tiple standards is added the curse of mandatura. devoted himself and his Taliesin Fellow.;. 3. We propose that the whole of Berlin monopolistic trade practices and the should come under U.N. responsibility and ship to the problem of constructing higher consumer costs they create. this would involve removal of the seat of medium-sized homes at a moderate cost The remedy for these dairy industry government of the East _German Govern· and with the least expenditure of mate­ ills is, quite obviously, a uniform na­ ment away from Pankow-to somewhere out· rial and labor, at the same time retaining tional standard for milk sanitation. To side the confines of Berlin. artistic excellence. A lavish expenditure accomplish this goal, my distinguished 4. A further stage would be the gradual replacement of the units of the four occupy. of wealth he found suitable to the dis­ colleague from Wisconsin, LESTER play of spectacular beauty that a rich 1ng powers, as the new U.N. force built up JoHNSON, has developed and introduced around the figure of the U.N. commander. man might desire for his estate--but for H.R. 3840· which would establish the The transfer of power to U.N. could thus be the man of moderate means he was in­ U.S. Milk Ordnance and -code as the a gradual process, in which all parties could tent on securing an equal beauty at a single standard· for :fluid ·milk and fiuid see h-ow the transfer was· progressing before pared-to-the-bone -cost. milk products shipped in interstate proceeding to :the next step. · A "rebellious old gentleman," they commerce. ·I am proud to·have cospon-. . 5. We consider that the U.N. :force could called him. He was indeed rebellious. be more ·effective 1! it is commanded and sored this measure; paid, and directly and individually recruited, He rebelled against hidebound conserva· In addition, H.R. 3840 will topple the by the U.N. ·from a witle ·range of nations. tism, and equally against doctrinaire restrictive trade barriers that have grown If this .is not practicable, then it could, as modernism.- He -was ·wise - and witty~ UP as the result· Of" the multiplicity Of in · UNEF, be toinposed of national con· 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5717 tingents, drawn from countries other than possible if there is no force-in-being to be observing and reporting, and for assist­ the occupying powers. In the view of the maintained. ing in the maintenance of international group, the system of national contingents of These arrangements should make it pos­ peace and security. You will have noted, seconded personnel adopted in UNEF, sible to bring together on short notice a NATO, and Warsaw Pact, have shown that United Nations group to meet a need which in connection with the current Middle there is no real integration by that method, has become evident over recent years. That East crisis, that our Government sup­ and that national sovereignty-the right to would be an impo;rtant bulwark of the ported the establishment of the United be judge and jury in your own cause-is pacific se·ttlement' objectives of the charter. Nations observer group in Lebanon. We still unimpaired. Just before the U.N. Assembly met, the also presented a resolution to the Secur­ 6. The financial requirements for the es­ ity Council on July 17 requesting that the tablishment and maintenance of the pro­ c"ongress had made known its support posed police force should be guaranteed for of such an initiative by the adoption Secretary-General consult member states at least 5 years in advance. on August 22 of a concurrent resolution with a view to making arrangements for 7. We believe the opportunity offered by to the effect that: additional measures, including contin­ Berlin for a practical experiment in building It is the sense of Congress that considera­ gents, to protect Lebanese integrity and up a force acceptable to both NATO and tion should immediately be given by the independence and insure against illegal Warsaw Pact countries in a location strategi­ General Assembly of the United Nations to infiltration of personnel or arms into cally placed between the two camps, could the development within its permanent struc­ Lebanon. Unfortunately this resolution be not only immensely valuable as a solution ture of such organization and procedures for the Berlin problem but also as a contri­ was vetoed by the Soviet Union. as will enable the United Nations promptly I recall these examples, which I know bution to the eventual coming together of to employ suitable United Nations forces for East and West Germany. are familiar to all of you, in order to such purposes as observation and patrol in emphasize the positive attitude of the The idea of use of the United Nations situations that threaten international peace and security. U.S. Government toward the creation Police Force is not a new one. The of United Nations forces in order to meet United States and this Congress has The Senate Foreign Relations Com­ a variety of difficult situations. The always supported the use of a U.N. Po­ mittee Report No. 1884, 85th Congress on State Department is also favorably in­ lice Force either in the form of an ob­ its resolution emphasized that: clined toward making more permanent server group or as an actual police force. The main objective of the committee in arrangements for some type of U.N. In the past, we have taken the initia­ recommending the adoption of the resolu­ force. tive in formulating various plans that tion is to underline the urgency of continu­ would have the effect of fostering such ing to work on the problem of devising a Not only have the Congress and the developments. For example, in the fall military type of force which will be helpful executive department gone on record re­ of 1958, the United States proposed to the in achieving the objectives to which mem­ peatedly in frovor of a U.N. force, but bers of the United Nations have subscribed. there are mall\v indications of general General Assembly, the creation of a public approval of such a force. I have United Nations Peace Force. President House Committee on Foreign Affairs certainly found this to be true in my Eisenhower stated to the General As­ Report, No. 2581, 85th Congress, stated sembly on August 13, 1958, the following: district. that: The American Institute of Public The countries of this area (the Middle The resolution reflects the desire of the Opinion, directed by George Gallup, has East) should also be freed from armed Congress that the United States delegation pressure and infiltration coming across their to the United Nations support action neces­ frequently polled the public on its views borders. When such interference threatens, sary to attain the desired objective • • •. regarding a U.N. force-with overwhelm­ they should be able to get from the United ing support for such a force: Nations prompt and effective action to help Spokesmen for the Department of ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND STANDING ARMY safeguard their independence. This re­ State have repeatedly emphasized United FOR U.N. BACKED IN POLL--TWO OUT OF quires that adequate machinery be available States interests in the creation of a THREE IN SURVEY FAVOR FORCE SUFFICIENT to make the United Nations presence mani­ standby force for use in troubled areas. To PUT OUT BRUSH FmE fest in the area of trouble. The Assistant Secretary of State for In­ (By George Gallup, director, American Insti­ Therefore I believe that this Assembly ternational Organizations Affairs, Fran­ should take action looking toward the crea­ tute of Public Opinion) tion of a standby United Nations Peace cis 0. Wilcox, outlined the longstanding PRINCETON, N.J., March 11.-American pub­ Force. The need for such a force is being policy of the United States of strength­ lic opinion is solidly in favor of a standing clearly demonstrated by recent events in­ ening "the capacity of the United Na­ United Nations army large enough to deal volving imminent danger to the integrity tions to· carry out its important respon­ with any brush-fire wars around the globe. of two of our members. sibilities under the charter" in testimony Such a proposal, which some observers see I understand that this subject is to be before the House Foreign Affairs Com­ as revolutionizing present military planning, discussed at the 13th General Assembly mittee on July 25, 1958. is supported by two out of three adults ques• and that our distinguished Secretary-Gen­ The United States also has given, and tioned in the latest institute survey. eral has taken an initiative in this matter. ·As regards the actual size of such a per­ Recent events clearly demonstrate that this continues to give, full support to the manent U.N. emergency force, the vote is 1s a matter for urgent and positive action. United Nations Emergency Force in the 2 to 1 that it should be increased to at Middle East. At the time this force was least 100,000 men. The present U.N. emer­ Elaborating on the President's propo­ created, Secretary Dulles told the Gen­ gency force serving along the Israeli-Egyp­ sal, Secretary of State Dulles outlined eral Assembly that both he and Presi­ tian border is considerably smaller in the possible structure of such force to dent Eisenhower shared the view that the number. the Assembly on September 18, 1958: Secretary-General should be authorized SUPPORTED SINCE AIRLIFT The United States suggests the following to make arrangements for a U.N. force Actually, Americans have supported the points for consideration: large enough to keep the borders at peace general idea of such a force for 10 years now. 1. We conceive of the peace force not as a while a political settlement was being It was in the spring of 1948-at the height combat force, but rather as a group that of the Berlin airlift--that the institute first would observe and patrol, and by its very worked out. As House Resolution 367 in­ recorded a substantial international police presence make visible the interest of the dicates, this force did make an impor­ force. world community in the maintenance of tant contribution to international peace Observers claim that the establishment of tranquility. Also, we believe that members and stability in the Middle East. The such an international army might well mean other than the permanent members of the UNEF experience has shown clearly how, a substantial reduction in the number of Security Council can most usefully contrib­ under certain circumstances, such a force troops maintained by each nation at pres­ ute personnel. can serve an extremely useful purpose. ent--including the United States-to take 2. A small planning staff might be created care of such brush-fire conflicts as the Ko­ within the Secretariat to develop standby For many months the frontiers between plans for calling into being, deploying and Egypt and Israel have been free from the rean war. supporting such a peace force. kind of hostile incursions which form­ In the most recent survey, the question 3. The planning staff could develop con­ erly troubled the area. was posed as follows: crete arrangements so that a United Na­ "A proposal has been made to build up tions decision to employ such a peace force The Department of State shares the the United Nations emergency force to a si~e could be promptly implemented. view of this committee that a similar great enough to deal with brush-fire or small 4. The costs of the standby arrangements force, established on a permanent basis, wars throughout the world. Does this sound should be kept small and that should be could be an important instrument for like a good idea or a poor one to you?" CV--361 5718 CONGRESSIONXL RECORD-· HOUSE April' 10, 1959

The vote was as follows: Good idea, 66 per­ somewhat more appeal to Demoeratic voters .. Mr. Speaker. the people, the · congresS~ cent; poor idea, 15 percent, and no opinion• than to Republicans. and the Executive· have shown their 19 percent. FOR PERMANENT FORCES The second question dealt with the size suppqrt for a U.N. peace force. Its effec­ of such an international force: After 4 months of duty along the Israeli­ tiveness has already been shown. I am Egyptian border by the emergency force, sure that its effectiveness could be shown "The present number of men in the U.N! a survey in April of last year found the vote emergency force is 10,000. Would you like more than 2-to-1 that the U.N. should have again in Berlin. With an interim to see it built into an army of at least its own permanent forces, including troops stabilization of the area by the U.N., 100.000 or more?" ' from the United States, which it could use The result was: Yes, 51 percent; no, 26 peace force negotiators will be better to enforce U.N. decisions. able to arrive at a general settlement in percent; and no opinion, 23 percent. The present U.N. emergency force was pro­ Although both proposals have the support posed to the U.N. General Assembly by Can­ Western Europe that would alleviate of the rank-and-file members of both politi­ ada's Lester B. Pearson who was awarded tensions without destroying our in.: cal parties, analysis reveals that they ha,ve the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957. · terests in Western and Eastern Europe.