1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8161 POSTMASTERS DELIBERATIONS WITH CLOSED DOORS The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H. R. LOUISIANA The VICE PRESIDENT. Under the 3-291) to amend the National Housing Gussie Long Harris, Athens. order adopted yesterday, the Senate will Act, as amended. Willie B. Killgore, Lisbon. now proceed to deliberate with closed The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob NEW YORK doors to hear the Senators who recently jection to the present consideration of Frank C. Timm, Attica. visited the fighting fronts. the bill? Agnes D. Buckley, Boonville. Thereupon (at 12 o'clock and 3 min Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, may Mary B. Sherry, East Patchogue. utes p. m.) the Senate proceeded to de we have an explanation of the bill? Alma H. Jones, East Quogue. Mr. RADCLIFFE. Mr. President, I JenniE!' W. Jewell, Fishkill. liberate with closed doors. Agnes Rourke, Gansevoort. After 4 hours and 27 minutes the doors shall be glad to make la brief statement Samuel J. Hand, Genoa. were reopened. with respect to the bill. It deals with the subject of the Federal Housing Ad Joseph P. Wilson, Manhasset. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Milton S. Smith, Mayville. ministration. It does not create any S. Erie Dodge, Newfane. _ The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob new functions for the Federal Housing Sylvester J. Krasniewicz, Pine Island. jection, certain routine reports received Administration, nor does it appropriate Wilbur A. Gruhn, Sea Breeze. this day will be received. any money. The bill provides for ex Josephine Westphall, South New Berlin. Mr. BA~KLEY. As if presented in tending the time of operation under Walter Rossen, Vestal. the morning hour._ Parke Higgins, Warsaw. title I, title II, and title VI, the pro J. Austin Howe, Weedsport. The VICE PRESIDENT. As if pre visions of each of which expire July 1, Myrtle M. Freeman, Windsor. sented in the morning hour. 1944. It is obvious that that period is The following reports of committees too short,' and that something must be were submitted: - done to extend the time . By Mr. TUNNELL, from the Committee on . Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I SENATE Claims: wish to ask the Senator from Maryland s 1382. A bill for the relief of certain offi a question. In lines 4 and 5 on pagP. 1, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1943 cers and employees of the foreign service of I find a provision striking out "'$1,200,- the Unite,_d States who, while in the course of 000,000' and inserting in lieu thereof (Legislative day of Wednesday, Septem their respective duties, suffered losses of per sonal property by reason of war conditions; '$1,600,000,000.'" That provision would ber 15, 1943) without amendment (Rept. No. 448). authorize an increase of $400,000,000. By Mr. ELLENDER, from the Committee on Mr. RADCLIFFE. I had not come to The Senate met at 12 o'clock noon, on Claims: · that feature. I have been discussing the expiration of the recess. S. 1282. A bill for the relief of Eric W. the three ar.:endments which merely ex The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Rodgers; without amendment (Rept. No. 449). tend the time for operations under titles Harris, D. D., offered the following By Mr. ROBERTSON, from the Committee prayer: · on Claims. I, II, and VI. H. R. 1222. A bill for the relief of Jacob Under title VI, the present authoriza 0 God our Father, in all the confusion Wolozin; without amendment (Rept. No. 450). tion is $1,200,000,000. · That has been and perplexity of these convulsive days By Mr. WALSH, from the Committee on about exhausted. In order to take care we look up with the inner eyes of deeP. Naval Affairs: • of the projects which are considered desire, believing with a faith that will S. 1346. A bill for the relief of the R. B. necessary in regard to our defense hous not be denied that somewhere in the Walker F'Uneral Home; without amendment ing ·additional authorization of $400,- (Rept. No. 451); 1 universe is a Reality that answers to the S. 1347. A bill to amend section 12 of the 000,000 is necessary. noblest hopes which ever ftash · their Naval Aviation Cadet Act of 1942; without Mr. M.cKELLAR. The bill authorizes bright beams in the_darkness. From the amendment (Rept. No. 452); the appropriation of an additional mt,sty fiats of dull and sluggish moods S. 1348. A bill to amend the second para $400,000,000. · I want to know for what which so often becloud the radiant faith graph of section 10 of the Pay Readjustment it is to be used. by which we really live, lift our spirits, Act of 1942; without amendment (Rept. No. Mr. RADCLIFFE. Mr. President, if we pray, to the height of the historic 453); . the Senator will permit me, I will glad S. 1350. A bill to establish the grades of moment in which we are set. commissioned warrant officer and warrant ly endeavor to explain this item. . As day by day within these hallowed officer in the United States Marine Corps, and Mr. McKELLAR. Certainly. walls we stand in the Valley of Decision for other purposes; without amendment Mr. RADCLIFFE. The bill does not we would fail not Thee nor our fellow (Rept. No. 454); provide for the appropriation of any men who, caught in the fell clutch of S. 1352. A bill to provide for reimbursement money. tyranny, are counting on us for deliv of officers, enliSted men, and others in the Mr. McKELLAR. I understand th&.t; erance. Strengthen our will to choose naval service of the United States for property it would authorize an appropriation. lost, damaged, or destroyed in such service; that which is morally excellent rather without amendment (Rept. No. 455); Mr. RADCLIFFE. No; it would not than that which is politically expedient; S. 1354. A bill to amend the Act approVed make any appropriation at all. All it so that receiving today the inheritance J anuary 16, 1936, entitled "An Act to provide would do would be simply to increase the of yesterday we may transmit it unsul for the retirement and retirement annuities of amount of insurance which can be cre lied and unwasted to tomorrow. Bring civilian members of the teaching staff at the ated by the F. H. A: Last spring Con us to an enduring peace when justice United States Naval Academy and the Post gress fixed the total amount at $1,200,- shall roll down like the waters and graduate School, United States Naval 000,000. It Academy;" without amendment (Rept. No. was, however, quite obvious righteousness as a mighty stream. We 456); that such amount would not be sufficient, ask it in that Name above every name. S. 1386. A bill making it a misdemeanor to and the developments since then, and Amen. stow away on aircraft and providing punish the studies made have brought out clearly THE JOURNAL ment therefor; without amendment (Rept. the fact that we shall have to increase On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by No. 457); and · it. Otherwise, the additional war hous H. R. 1869. A bill authorizing the President ing will have to be put up by the Federal unanimous consent, the reading of the to present, in the name of Congress, a Dis Journal of the proceedings of the calen tinguished Service Cross to George F. Thomp Government, and the cash will have to be dar day Wednesday, October 6, 1943, was son; without amendment (Rept. No. 458), advanced for that purpose, out of the Federal Treasury. Certainly it is bet dispensed with, and the Journal was ap- . AMENDMENT OF THE NATIONAL HOUSING proved. ter for the United States Government to , ACT guarantee the loans by insurance for MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Mr. RADCLIFFE. Mr. President, I which it receives premiums, than to ad A message in writing from the Presi ask unanimous consent for the present vance the entire amounts of the loans. dent of the United States submitting a consideration of House bill 3291, Cal In order to obviate such a drain on nomination was ·communicated to the endar No. 425. Federal funds, and to permit the F. H. A. Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secre The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will to continue to operate under title VI, it taries. be stated by title. is necessary to create the authorization 8162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 7 time. I ask unanimous consent that the been constructed in accordance with our which will be required for the projects of property standards and accepted as security this year and for those of 1944, by pro letters may be printed in the RECORD at for F. H. A. mortgages. viding for an additional amount. of this point. As an illustration of the feeling of the $400,000,000 of insurance .or guaranty. There being no objection, the letters people for whom this housing is constructed, Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will were ordered to be printed in,the RECORD, I am attaching a copy of a section of the the Senator yield there? as follows: newspaper, The Negro Freeholder of Houston, Mr. RADCLIFFE. I yield. FEDERAL HoUSING ADMINISTRATION, Tex., dated Saturday, July 25, 1942. You will Mr. BARKLEY. There would never be .. Washington, D. C ., October 2, 1943. note that the entire section of eight pag-es is any appropriation, and there would not The Honorable GEORGE L . RADCLIFFE, devoted to news, comments, and appreciation United States Senate, · of the new Clinton Park housing project, be any authorization for an appropria the construction of which was financed tion, unless the amount of insurance car Washington, D. C. MY DEAR ~EN A TOR RADCLIFFE: The question through the F. H. A. I am informed that ried by the Government should result in has been raised as to whether the National these articles were written by Negroes who a loss to the F. H. A., which is not lil~ely, Housing Act or the way in which it is admin had no direct financial interest in the project as I understand. istered discriminates in any way against tl1e and were not inspired by f).nyone connected Mr. RADCLIFFE. That is entirely colored race. with this Administration. true. Under title I and title VI the in I can assure you that the act does not per You will also be interested in kno~i ng surance fund is about carrying itself. mit such discrimination and that our rules, that the National Housing Agency, in cooper Under title II, $65,000,000 has been ac regulations, policies, and procedures are ation with the War Production Board, h as drawn and administered impartially and recently granted an additional quota of 2,0\J O cumulated in the insurance fund; so at without the slightest discrimination against dwelling units for Negroes in the District of this time there is no question whatever any group or individuals on account of race, Columbia under its privately financed War before the Senate of an appropriation of color or creed. · · , Housing Program. This Administration will money. Title I and title VI are carrying One of the primary purposes of the Na cooperate to the fullest extent possible in themselves, because insurance premiums tional Housing Act, expressed in the title of fulfilling this program. received have been about sufficient for the act itself, is "to encourage improvement Sincerely yours, all purposes for losses and expenses. Let in housing standards and conditions." We ABNER H. FERGUSON, believe this was intended to apply to all hous Commissioner. me emphasize that all the bill attempts ing, regardless of the race or color of the oc to do is to enlarge the amount of author cupant and all of our policies and/procedures ization for insurance, plus extensions in FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION, have been based upon this principle. We do Wa<>hington, D. C., October 5, 1943. time, by approximately $400,000,000 ad not have one set of propert y standards and Han. GEORGE L. RADCLIFFE, ditional required to take care of the construction requirements for Negro housing United States Senate, housing which has already been provided and another for housing designed for white Washington, D. 0. for, and which is necessary or will be occupancy, but insist that both meet the same standards and requirements in order to MY DEAR SENATOR RADCLIFFE: In addition to necessary during 1943 and 1944. become eligible for F. H. A. insurance. the statements made in my letter of yester Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, let me The fact that our records as well as our day, in reference to the attitude of this ad ask if the bill ..did not pass the other procedures make no distinction between ap ministration toward racial distinction, I feel House. plicants of different races makes it difficult that I should call your attention to the fol Mr. RADCLIFFE. The bill has passed to furnish you · with complete figures with lowing pertinent fact: respect to the number of mort gages we have In the administration of the National the other House, with several small • Housing Act we only deal with lenders or amendments. • insured on properties owned or occupied by Negroes. In view of your interest in the mat mortgagees. Vfe have no relationship with _ Mr. 1\[cNRY. I understand it is de ter, we have been able to secure reports from borrowers or builders. The act expressly pro sired to return the bill to conference 26 of our insuring offices containing figures vides (section 203 (a)) that authority to in within the next day or two, for consid which are interesting, particularly as they sure ·mortgages is only "upon application by eration there; is that correct? indicate the small percentage of applications the mortgagee." It follows, therefore, that Mr. RADCLIFFE. It is very urgent, for insurance of ·mortgages on. Negro housing before we can insure a mortgage we must have because the F. H. A. has substantially which has been· rejected by this Adminis received an application from a mortgagee. exhausted the $1 ,200 ,000,000; and unless tration. The applica.ti.ons received by the You can readily see that our operations are reporting offices for insurance of mortgages fimited to locations and cases v:here mort the Congress increases the authoriza on Negro housing totaled 7,157 units in the gagees first determine that they a1·e willing tion, it will be necessary that all the hous amount of $22,871,994. Out of this total only to lend their funds. ing be constructed by the use of Federal 531 units in the amount of $1,797,445 were It is not necessary for me to say to you that funds, rather than under the F. H. A.'s rejected. These figures show that about 7Y2 we do not have, and never have had, any operations. percent of such applications were rejected, Government money to lend. Mr. McNARY. Is it the Senator's de whereas our general records, including both With kind personal regards, I am, sire to have the bill passed at once, in white and colored housing on a national basis Sincerely yours, show a rejection ratio of approximately 19 ABNER H. FERGUSON, its present form, so that it may be sub percent. Com missioner. mitted to the House, and become a law From these figures, it is clear that we are by the first of the week? insuring a substantial number of mortgages Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, from Mr. RADCLIFFE. Yes; that is really on Negro housing and that only a very small what the able junior Senator from Mary imperative; because Mr. Ferguson has percentage of such applications are rejected land has said, I understand that in the told me that unless the bill is passed, he by our insuring offices. It is true that in future when we are considering the sub will have to send out telegrams the first neighborhoods which are well established ject in its larger aspects the Senator will and where the character and type of oc part of the week suspending all opera- cupancy is clear, the F. H. A. under sound be very glad to consider the proposal . tions of the F. H. A. under title VI, so underwriting procedure and general mort which I make to the bill which already far as new operations are concerned. gage practice does not, u nder the insured has passed the House. Is that correct? Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, at the mortgage system, take any action which will I understood the Senator to state that suggestion of Edgar G. Brown, director resurt in a change in the character of such later, when we have.a real housing bill of the National Negro Council, a few days established neighborhoods when such change before us, he will consici.er a proposal of ago I submitted an amendment to the would tend to introduce inharmonious ele the kind covered by the amendment I ments which would cause or accelerate de bill, and intended to press for its adop terioration in property desirability or values. ·have offered. tion. However, I find the time is so Our responsibilities to other property owners Mr. RADCLIFFE. Mr. President, the short and the necessity for immediate in the neighbohoods are clear in this regard Senator from Oregon is entirely correct. action so great that I shall not do so at and this is equally true whether the estab I have discussed the matter at some this time. . lished character of the neighborhood is white length with Mr. Ferguson. He has told I desire to have printed in the RECORD or colored. me there is no general policy of discrim two letters addressed to the Senator from , There are, of course, many large and suc ination, but tha,.t, on the contrary all cessful Negro h ousing projects located in Maryland [Mr. RADCLIFFEl by Mr. Abner anc:I about Washington, D. C., Chicago, Ill., housing, whether it is Negro housing or H. Ferguson, Commissioner, Federal Richmond, Va., Atlanta, Ga., and many other white housing, is given . the same con Housing Administration, setting forth the areas, mortgages on which were insured by sideration and opportunities. He has reasons why he thought the adoption of the F. H. A. In addition, many thousands of written me two 'letters in which he makes · the amendment was not essential at this individual homes occupied by Negroes have entirely clear his position. The Senator 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8163 from Oregon has placed them in the rect, since they have been gone into very s1ty for it, and I should like to have time RECORD and so I shall not attempt to read carefully by the Government, by the to look into the question. I should like at this time unless some Member of the F. H. A., and by the other authorities in to have the bill go over until we can look Senate desires that I do so. terested-what is the alternative? The into it. Mr. McNARY. A moment ago I ob houses must be built. They will not be Mr. RADCLIFFE. It is not proposed tained unanimous consent to have the built by private capital, except in some to put up any money at this time. letters printed in the RECORD. In that cases. This is done under the F. H. A. Mr. McKELLAR. I understand that.. connection, at this time I ask unanimous If the bill is not passed, the houses will It is only proposed to put the Go~ern consent to have printed at this point in have to be built with funds out of the ment behind $400,000,000 worth of the RECORD the amendment I offered Federal Treasury. houses. I should like to know the neces sometime earlier in the week, at the sug Mr. McKELLAR. In effect they will sity for it before it is done. gestion of Mr. Edgar G. Brown. be built out of funds from the Federal Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will There being no objection, the amend Treasury whenever we pass the bill, be the Senator yield? ment was ordered to be printed in the cause the Treasury would underwrite or Mr. RADCLIFFE . . J yield. - REcORD, as follows: make bond for the $400,000,000 addi Mr. BARKLEY. I think the Senator Amendment intended to be proposed by tional. from Tennessee may not quite realize Mr. MCNARY to the bill (H. R . 3291) to amend Mr. RADCLIFFE. Of course, that the technical situation which we face. the National Housing Act, as amended, viz: goes to the whole root of the F. H. A. As he knows the Federal Housing Ad On page 2, after line 5, insert the following whether the Federal Government should ministration does not build houses. The new section: build houses out of its own funds instead houses are built with money loaned by "SEc. 5. In the administration of the Na of providing a guaranty. That is a ques banks and other lending institutions. tional Housing Act, as amended, and in mak tion as to . which there may be a differ The Government guarantees the loans. ing benefits available under the provisions ence of opinion. All I can say is that Mr. McKELLAR. That is correct. of such act, as amended, there shall be no discrimination on account of race, creed, or so far, from the $1,200,000,000 of houses Mr. I;lARKLEY. We have heretofore color." and apartments which have been built or authorized the Federal Housing Adminis are in process of being built, the insur tration to guarantee up to $1,200,000,000 Mr. RADCLIFFE. That matter could ance premiums have been about suffi worth of these houses . . Up to the present be taken up later, when the time element cient to take care of all the losses. I can time there has been no appropriation is not so important as it is at present. not tell what the future result will .be, for any losses, because the premiums col The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob except to say that so far the F. H. A. has -lected have taken care of the obligations. jection to the consideration of the bill? operated very successfully and, I think, We all hope, and the F. H. A. hopes, that Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I de very efficiently. there will never be any losses. The sire to make a statement at this time. I The houses must be built. ·They will record of the F. H. A. shows that it is desire first to read from the act which is be built either by-Federal funds, F. H. A. one of the few institutions of Govern to be amended, so we may know what we funds, or by private capital apart from ment which have actually made money are doing. We are asked to increase the the F. H. A. and turned it back into the Treasury, governmental obligations $400,000,000, by Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, will the rather than losing money. The extra the bill. , Senator yield? $400,000,000 is to be guaranteed on the I read from the act which is proposed Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will same basis as that on which the $1,200,- to be amended: the Senator defer to me for a moment? 000,000 has been guarantee.d, and for the Provided, That the property covered by the same sort of hom~ing activities. Mr. PEPPER. Certainly, Mr. McKELLAR. Will the Senator mortgage is in an area or locality in which Mr. McKELLAA. Let me say that the the President shall find that an acute short state where the housing is needed? Senator from Maryland has not ex There ought to be some report from the age of housing exists or impends which would plained why it is to be done or what the 1rp.pede war activities~ Provided further, That Department as to where the houses are the aggregate of the principal obligations of necessity is or where the money is to be needed, and why we should become liable all mortgages insured under this obligation obtained, or anything about it; and by for another $400,000,000. It is proposed shall not exceed $1,200,000;000. passing the bill we would be entering into to accept an I 0 U for it. It is proposed an additional obligation of $400,000,000. Those figures would be stricken out by that we guarantee it. All I should like the bill as proposed to be amended, and The Senator from Maryland wants the to have is sufficient time enough to look provision would be made to increase tlie Senate to take the matter on faith, from into the· question. It may be that the bill our Federal representatives. The Sena is entirely proper but I do not know any amount to $1,600,000,000. tor may be entirely correct about it; the Therefore, what we would be doing thing about what has taken place. We obligation may be an entirely proper one; are accepting it on the faith of those who would be to enter at this time upon a bor but so far as the facts now before the rowing scheme, which the Government are putting it forward. . Senate are concerned, I do not think the Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, the bill would guarantee, of an additional $400,- Senate is in a position to pass on the 000,000. was referred to the Committee on Bank · matter. I hope the Senator from Mary ing and Currency and was considered by The requested increase may be neces land will let the bill go over until we can sary; it may be entirely .necessary that that committee. Mr. Ferguson, the head obtain more information about it; be of the F. H. A., and others, appeared be we should build $400,000,000 of housing cause at the present time, not having the this fall and the coming winter. Where fore the committee, and, as I recall, the information I think we should have, I bill was unanimously reported by the is the housing to be built, and what is should be compelled to vote against the the necessity for it at the present time? committee. bill. Mr. RADCLIFFE. The bill was unani Mr. RADCLIFFE. Mr. President, that Mr. RADCLIFFE. I will say to the mously reported. That committee has question is a rather large one to attempt Senator from Tennessee that the plans considered quite carefully what the F. H. to summarize briefly. have been very carefully worked out. A. has done. It has not attempted to an Mr. McKELLAR. That is what the Mr. McKELLAR. What are the plans? alyze carefully each particular project; bill proposes to do, and that is why i They are plans with respect to certain but the members of the committee are am asking the question. I simply want plants. In what States are the projects entirely satisfied that the program to know what are the facts. to be built? I should like to know some which has been carried out so far as well Mr. RADCLIFFE. Let me say that thing about it. It is proposed to spend as the program which is contemplated those who are fami)iar with the situa · $400,000,000 at this time I should like are wise and needful. If the Senator tion and who realize the need of build to know where it is to be spent, and what from Tennessee would like to have a de ing new housing in the vicinity of the is the necessity for it. We have a:r>pro. tailed statement as to what has been war plants estimate that so many units priated very large sums for building at guaranteed in connection with the $1,- will be necessary, and that they will cost every place where there are war activi 200,000 ,000, I can easily furnish the in approximately $400,000,000 additional. ties, and in every field in which war formation. If their estimates are correct--and cer activities may be found in the United Mr. McKELLAR. I should like to know tainly we must assume them to be cor- States. ~ should like to know the neces- something about the $400,000,000 which 8164 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 7 we are about to spend. The $1,200,000,- afternoon, I shall object. If ! have to Agency does not reach that conclusion 000 is gone. I want to know about the make a speech on it-- on the basis of its own information. It $400,000,000. I am asking the Senator, Mr. RADCLIFFE. Mr. President, I is reached only after very careful con in all good faith, to let the bill go over. shall, of course, not press the considera sultation with the Army and Navy and There is no binding necessity on the Sen tion of the bill at this time to meet the other departments of the Government. ate to pass the bill this afternoon. To wishes of the Senator from Tennessee. · Then all the information is collected morrow I may be just as strongly in favor Mr. McKELLAR. I am glad the Sen and carefully considered. Thereupon of it as he is, but I should like to have ator has decided not to press the bill. conclusions are reached as to what is re time to look into it. The report does not Mr. RADCLIFFE. I very much hope garded as necessary in our program to show anything. It refers to the previous that we can promptly reach a conclusion see that necessary housing for war act. We are all familiar with the fact on this question. workers is provided. that we provided $1,200,000,000 with Mr. McKELLAR. I will look into it at EXECUTIVE SESSION which to build these houses; but what is once. to be done with the $400,000,000? The Mr. RADCLIFFE. Otherwise opera Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I move report of the committee does not show. tions throughout the country will be that the Senate proceed to the consid Mr. RADCLIFFE. I can explain it in stopped. eration of executive business. this way: The $400,000,000 of guaranties Mr. McKELLAR. I have never heard The motion was agreed to; and the do not represent a separate transaction. of the proposal before. I understand Senate proceeded to the consideration of Mr. McKELLAR. Of course not. that the bill was reported on the 28th of executive business. Mr. RADCLIFFE. If the Senator will September, but it has not heretofore EXECUTIVE MESSAGE REFERRED pardon me a moment, I think I can make been called up. Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator has The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the some points clear as to the history of Senate a message :t:rom the President of the transaction. been trying to obtain consideration of the bill for several days, but other things the United States nominating JAMES Last spring when this subject was be PATRICK MCGRANERY, of Pennsylvania, fore the Senate: and when the extension have intervened to prevent it. Mr. McKELLAR. All I want is time to to be the Assistant to the Attorney Gen was made in March of this year, it was eral, vice James Rowe, Jr., resigned, realized that the $1,200,000,000 would not look into it. Later I may be just as much in favor of the bill as is the Senator from which was referred to_the Committee on be sufficient to finish the program. At the Judiciary. that time the studies had not been car Maryland, but with such information as is cont ained in the report, I cannot say The VICE PRESIDENT. If there be ried forward sufficiently far to enable us no reports of committees, the clerk will to know just how much would be neces now that I am in favor of it. Mr. RADCLIFFE. Mr. President, I proceed to state the nominations on the · sary. That has now been done as far at calendar. least as 1943 and 1944 are concerned. shall be very happy to help the Senator The $400,000,000 does not represent an obtain any information he wishes be FOREIGN SERVICE entirely new set of operations. It rep tween now and tomorrow. The legislative clerk read the nomi resents a continuation of the original Mr. McKELLAR. I shall be very much nation of W. Averell Harriman, of New program. For instance, this year there obliged to the Senator. York, to be Ambassador Extraordinary are 33,000 units which cannot be con Mr. RADCLIFFE. I will tell Mr. Fer and Plenipotentiary to the Union of structed unless this authorization is guson what the Senator h as in mind. Soviet Socialist Republics. made. Between 70,000 and 80 ,000 units Mr. McKELLAR. And ask him to The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob are allocated in various sections of the come to my office tomorrow? jection, the nomination is confirmed. country to complete the present pro Mr. RADCLIFFE. I will go even fur The legislative clerk read the .nomina gram. Those two allocations together ther than that. I will aslc him, when he comes, to bring with him such data as tion of John K. Caldwell, of Kentucky, amount to about $400,000,000. That is to be Envoy Extraordinary and Minister the way the amount is arrived at. The seem to be necessary to show where the Plenipotentiary to Ethiopia. $400,000,000 does not represent new types various allocations are contemplated. of projects, but merely a continuation of Mr. McKELLAR That is exactly the The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob the existing program. information I want. , jection, the nomination is confirmed. Mr. McKELLAR. I remember when Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, will the POSTMASTERS the scheme was first started. We know Senator yield? The legislative clerk proceeded to read all about it, an
To be maJor geneTals H. J. Res. 159. Joint resolution making ad- · rine hospitals, and in upbuilding the Panama Frederick Henry Osborn ditional appropriations for the fiscal year Canal: Now, therefore, be it , Leonard Fish Wing 1944 for emergency maternity and infant Resolved- care 1or wives of enlisted men in the armed !. That the subcommittee on steel short POSTMASTERS forces. age of the Committee on the Merchant Ma ILLINOIS rine and Fisheries and of the full committee MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Mary L. Brennan, Elkhart. recognize in the death of Han. Francis D. Leonard L. Riegel, Galatia. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Culkin, Representative from the Thirty-sec Emily M. Cole, Glenview. Frazier, its legislative clerk, amiounced ond District of New York, a loss of ·a devoted Anna E. Sullivan, Grand Tower. that the Senate had passed bills of the ·public servant, a faithful Representative, a Paul T. Hartline, Hillsboro. following titles, in which the concurrence sterling patriot, and a loving friend whose . Lenora B. Dickerson, La Fayette. record in Congress was marked by industry, r Paul F. Lewis, ·Lawrenceville. of the House is requested: energy, ability, fidellty, zeal, and patriotism, Edward J . Shunick, Monrnouth. S. 763. An act amending the Selective and whose sound judgment, signal ability, Bertha M. Paris, Montgomery. Training and Service Act of 1940, as amend and wise statesmanship were of inestimable Mary Convery, Raymond. ed, and for other purposes; and benefit to this committee in its deliberations Otis M. Lamar, Rosiclare. S. 1410. An act to amend section 4 of the at all times; · Fannie E. Smith, San Jose. act approved June 13, 1940. 2. That this subcommittee and the full Walter G. McEwan, Sheldon. THE LATE FRANCIS D. CULKIN committee will ever cherish the memory 9f Ira Dezouche, Wayne Cit y. their association with Mr. Culkin and will TEXAS Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask find in the patience, intelligence, and zeal Otto M. Naegelin, Castroville. unanimous consent to ·address the with which he served an -example and inspi- Rosa A. Hannes, Eden. House for 1 minute on our late colleague, · ration; • Anna Jo Wilson, Gunter. the Honorable Francis D. Culkin. 3. That this subcommittee and the full Leonard B. Baldwin, Huntsville·. committee extend to the district which Mr. ' The SPEAKER. Without objection, it CULKIN served and to the family which sur Russell B. Cope, Loraine. is so ordered. Hattie M. Welch, Meadow. vive him its deepest sympathy in their sor Clarence M. Maney, Natalia. There was no objection. row; and Mary Eli zabeth Graves, Port Isabel. Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speal~er, it is fre 4. That these resolutions shall be spi'ead Paullin J. Fowler, South San Antonio. quently said that death loves a shining upon the minutes of this committee>, printed Charles M. Palmer, Vickery. mark. The truth of that statement was in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, and that a copy never better evidenced than when the ar shall be sent to the family of the de.ceased. row of death found its resting place in the EXTENSION OF REMARKS heart of one of the most beloved mem Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, I ask HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bers of the Committee on the Merchant unanimous consent to extend my own Marine and Fisheries. We returned to TH UR SDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1943 remarks in the RECORD and include there our duties here but found that we were in a 'speech made by Dt. Nicholas Mur The House met at 12 o'clock noon. compelled to take up our tasks without ray Butler at the opening of the one hun The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera the wise guidance, the cautious counsel, dred and ninetieth year of Columbia Montgomery, D. D., offeted the following and the genial presence of Francis D. University, September 29, 1943. prayer: Culkin, of the Thirty-second District of The SPEAKER. Without objection, it New York. As chairman of the commit is so ordered. . Unto Thee,. our Father in heaven we tee, I felt possibly Mr. Culkin's absence There was no objection. offer our tributes of praise and gratitude. more keenly than others, for he had Mr. GORSKI. Mr: Speaker, I ask We pray Thee to emancipate us from all labored with me diligently and helped me unanimous consent to extend my own - evil purpose that we shall be worthy to greatly to construct the framework of the remarks in the RECORD and include occupy the summits in the realm of Merchant Marine Act; 1936, and to pass therein a radio broadcast by the Honor virtue. Without divine guidance the all of the legislation enacted since the able Francis Xavier Swietlik, dean of the still small voice fades, the vision passes approval of that law. His profound law school of Marquette University. and we wander in the wilderness of un knowledge of shipping matters has en The SPEAKER. Without objection, it certainty. By Thy spirit enable us to abled the committee to work wisely and is so ordered. adjust our bearings and our thoughts to well in creating and maintaining a wise There was no objectio.n. the everchanging · conditions of these and safe policy. To me he was always days. a wise counselor, a ready worker, and THE LATE HONORABLE PATRICK A. Heavenly Father, there are things we a faithful friend. Seldom were we in NASH do which even for prayers or tears can disagreement, and I shall miss him al Mr. GORDON. Mr. Speaker, I ask not be recalled . . The sharp keen-edged ways while I labor on the committee. unanimous consent to address the House word, the unimproved opportunity, the The Subcommittee on Steel Shortage for 1 minute. selfish deed mark our thought upon.our· and the Committee on the Merchant The SPEAKER. Without objection, it country's life; Whatsoever a man sow Marine and Fisheries, of both of which he is so ordered. eth that shall he also reap. We pray, was a member, adopted a resolution. Mr. There was no objection. blessed Lord, for courage that we may Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. GORDON. Mr. Speaker, I was make our responsibilities pedestals on include this resolution in my remarks. deeply grieved to learn of the death of which to stand and thus avoid the failure · · The SPEAKER. Without objection, it the Honorable Patrick A. Nash, the of being untrue to the best we know. 0 is so ordered. chairman of the Cook County Demo shield us from a regretful past. and aim There was no objection. cratic Committee of Illinois, former Na us toward a hopeful future; lift us to the The resolution referred to follows: tional Democratic committeeman, who loftiest thought and feeling and these was my personal friend to the end of his Comin i~te e Resolution 5 will be our best defense. In our Saviour's long and useful life. Whereas during the recent recess of Con n ame. Amen. gress the subcommittee on steel shortage of For many years he rendered distin The Journal of the proceedings of the Committee on the Merchant Marine and guished service to our State and to the Tuesday, October 5, 1943, was read and Fisheries of t he House of Representatives and Nation, always contributing to the com approved. the-- full committee have suffered the loss ot mon welfare as a civic leader oi great Francis D. Culkin, of New York, one of the resourcefulness and distinction. In his MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT most industrious, diligent, and faithtul passing the State of Illinois and the city A message in writing from the Presi members of the said subcommittee and of of Chicago have lost one of their finest the full Committee on the Merchant Marine and most outstafid.lng citizens. dent of the United States was communi and Fisheries, a valued contributor to the cated to the House by Mr. Miller, one of ach ievements of t he subcommittee and of the It was through the combined efforts of his secretaries, who also informed the full committee, and an invaluable factor in our beloved mayor of Chicago, the Hon House that on Friday, October 1, 1S43, the upbuilding an American merchant marine, orable Edward·J. Kelly, and Mr. Nash, President approved ..and signed a joint in promot ing the American fisheries, in ex, that Illinois went overwhelmingly for our resolutlon of t he House of the following panding the United States Coast Guard, in great President, Franklin Delano Roose title: providing navigation aids, in supporting rna- velt, in 1932, 1936, 1940.
,. 8168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_,.HOUSE OCTOBER 7 PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE if we are to keep free enterprise in on the part of our sons, relatives, and Mr. GIBSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask America. friends must be paid for not only in the unanimous consent to address the House The SPEAKER. The time of the gen ultimate and complete defeat of Japan for 10 minutes today at the conclusion tleman from Illinois has expired. but also in the p'unishing of those respon of the. other . special orders that have EXTENSION OF REMARKS sible for the Hawaiian disaster whether been entered. the fault lies in Honolulu or Washington. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, I ask It is a story which America is entitled to The SPEAKER. Without objection, it unanimous consent to extend my own know and I intend to do my humble best is so ordered. remarks in the RECORD, and include to see to it that the whole shame-ridden · There was no objection. therein a short editorial. tale· is told in -full. Yes, Japan will an MOTIVES BEHIND RATIONING ORDERS The SPEAKER. Without objection, it swer and so must those of our own citi Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, is so ordered. · zens who were negligent, careless, and I ask unanimous consent to address the There was no objection. too complacent. · House for 1 minute. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE The humiliating unconditional sur The SPEAKER. Without objection, it render of our forces at Wake, Bataan, Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask and .Corregidor can be laid, in part at is so ordered. unanimous consent to address the House There was no objection. least, to the Pearl Harbor incident. for 5 minutes today at the conclusion of These men who fought so courageously Mr. ALLEN of illinois. Mr. Speaker, the special orders heretofore entered. the article I am about to read is taken for us and whose eyes surveyed the The SPEAKER. Without objection, it skies and the seas for the help that from the Chicago Daily Tritmne, but it is so ordered. , vias carried in many nrmois newspapers: never came, and their relatives and There was no objection. friends who feel they have been betrayed, HARRISBURG, ILL., October 4.-Ray Durham, EXTENSION OF REMARKS southern Illinois civic leader, resigned today are entitled to a full and complete ex from the Saline County Ration Board, on Mr. BECKWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I planation. That can come only from which he wa.s chairman of the panel on boots, ask unanimous consent to extend my own Congress and I would be derelict in my kerosene, and stoves. He said in a letter to remarks on two subjects. duty to my country and myself if I did Chairman W. C. Kane that he was quitting . The SPEAKER. Without objection, it not declare openly my position on this because he is "convinced that every order great American tragedy. issued by the Office of Price Administration is so ordered. had its origin in a mind" devoted to "the There was no objection. EXTENSION OF REMARKS repression of liberties." ~ THE PEARL HARBOR INCIDENT Mr. JOHNSON. of Oklahoma. Mr. Durham, an insurance man, was formerly Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex mayor of Harrisburg, which is under a com Mr. MANSFIELD of Montanu.. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad tend my own remarks in the RECORD by mission form of government. He is president placing therein an article from the Daily of the Kiwanis Club, formerly was h~ad of dress the House for 1 minute. the school board, and still is a member of that The SPEAKER. Without objection, it Oklahoman. body. is so ordered. · The SPEAKER. Without objection, it In his letter of resignation, he said: There was no objection. is so ordered. "My high regard for you personally has Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana. Mr. There was nr! objection. caused me to hesitate for several week to tender my resignation as a member of the Speaker, it was with real interest that I MUST HAVE MORE OIL -TO KEEP rationing board. But I have come to the read a joint Army-Navy statement to the 'EM FLYING definite conclusion. that I can no longer allow effect that Rear Admiral Husband Kim Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. myself to be connected with a bureau whose mel and Maj. Gen. Walter Short had Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to regulations and actions I consider absurd and waived the statute of limitations which address the House for 1 minute. ridiculous." would have barren their court martial if TIME WAS WAS TED The SPEAKER. Without objection, it not arraigned before December 7, 1943. is so ordered. "I have been orl this board in some capacity Many of my constituents in Montana since the program was started and I am con There was no objection. and, for that matter, many people in the Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. vinced that I have not rendered one particle Nation as a whole have been disturbed of service or benefit to the citizens of this Speaker, yesterday some 125 Members community, and that my time has been ab about the possibility of the Pearl Harbor of Congress representing a majority of solutely wasted. incident being hushed up. I shared the States of the Union met to discuss "I am also convinced in my own mind that these apprehensions as it is my feeling and consider the serious problem con every order issued by 0. P. A. had its origin in that this matter needs much more in fronting the Nation because of the rap some mind that had an ulterior motive for vestigation before the true f~cts are idly diminishing supply of crude oil, so the repression of liberties or else it was in known. essential to the prosecution of the war. spired by that idea; and that, carried to its It is still inconceivable to me how Pearl ultimate conclusion, will destroy the mer At that conference it was pointed out Harbor, the most highly fortified area on that of the twenty-odd oil-producing chandising of this country, and relegate ulti the face of the globe, could have been mately all supplies to a Government com States of the Union, all showed a marked missary. surprised and so successfully attacked decrease in production of oil with the "The distribution of kerosene in this com as it was on December 7, .1941. I find I exception of five; that because of the munity on the basis of 20 gallons per person cannot agree with the Roberts' Commis- enormous increase in the cost of drilling per month, with some restrictions as to fam sion's report to the President: ~ operations and production, and espe ily size, is an absurdity." It was a dereliction of duty on the part Of cially because of the greatly increased STOVE RATIONING "JOKE'' each of them (Short. and Kimmel) not to cost of wildcat operations, that the haz "The rationing of boots has been provoking consult and confer with each other respect ing the warnings (sent from the War and zards of opening and development of new and has worked to the benefit of the mer fields and the extension of old ones have chants nearest the board office and to the Navy Departments between November 27 and detriment of the remote merchants. - I know December 7, 1941) and the appropriate meas been drastically increased. of stocks of boots in this county from which ures of defense required by the imminence of It was also pointed out that many oil not one pair has been sold since rationing hostilities. drillers have been forced to abandon started. To me the cause goes much deeper drilling operations for the duration be "We have had only 1 month of stove ration than fixing the blame exclusively upon cause of the intolerable conditions im ing and it has become a joke. Kimmel and Short. A real investigation posed upon the oil industry. The unrea "Consequently, as above stated, I consider of the Pearl Harbor disaster and the sonable and impractical regulations pro that my time is being wasted, as well as that needless loss of lives caused by this trag hibiting the drilling of more than 1 well of all the people whose applications I have edy will have to, and must, take place for each 40 acres has seriously handi processed. I desire this resignation to be come effective at once." at the first appropriate opportunitY. capped drilling operations and discour Due to this disaster thousands of lives aged the small operator and producer. Mr. Speaker, I would say that we in will be forfeited before this war is won The continued unreasonably low price Congress -should do something against and endless months, if not years, added of crude oil, however, is now the most these left-wing bureaucrats down here to our war against Japan. This sacrifice serious handicap to solving the problem 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE- 8169 of making certain for the duration the have called on administrative officials The SPEAKER. Without objection, it securing of oil and oil products, so vitally with reference to this all-important is so ordered. essential to the prosecution ·or the war. problem, and I gave notice to the con There was no objection. Certainly no one can overestimate the ference of Congressmen that I did not Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. • importance of making certain sufficient choose to serve on such committee; that Speaker, the entire Senate of the United gasoline to keep the bombing planes and I felt then as I have for months· that States is to consider the evidence brought the fighters in the air, soften up the this is a problem of sufficient importance back by the Senators who made the tour enemy, and hasten the end of this tragic that this Congress can no longer ignore of inspection of the war fronts. The struggle. In other words, this is one sure it or refuse to deal with it directly. Senate is meeting in executive session to and practical way· to "keep 'em flying." Several months ago I agreed to serve day to hear them, as the Members be Moreover, the fact that 60 percent of all on a committee to call on Mr. Prentiss lieve it to be of such imoortance. cargo vessels carry oil and oil products Brown, shortly after the very affable Yesterday I asked the -chairman of the to our own forces and our allies is suffi gentleman v,;as appointed director of the Committee on Foreign Affairs to call us cient evidence that oil is not only vitally 0. P. A. It was not only an agreeable in session and to invite the Senators to essential but, under our modern mecha conference, but the committee was as appear before us. I understand that the nized warfare, it is of paramount im sured by Mr. Brown that he was much gentleman 'lfrom Illinois [Mr. CHIPER portance to assure victory. concerned about the problem and agreed FIELD], the_gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Considering the tremendous impor that a substantial increase in the price of VORYS] , and the gentleman from South tance that oil is playing in this war and oil would be helpful to the war effort. Dakota would like to go further than the further fact that the demand for oil Moreover, the committee thought it had that. I yield to the gentleman from and its byproducts is increasing op all of his assurance that this would be done Illinois.:' · the far-flung fronts of the world, we and so reported to the Congress and' the Mr. CHIPERFIELD. I was wondering cannot afford to take any chance on fur country. But a very short while there whether the entire membership of the ther reducing our diminishing oil re after, the 0. P. A. director evidently had House should not have the benefit of the serves or the inevitable shortage of a change of heart or of mind, or perhaps views of these~ Senators, whether they American oil supply for 1944 and later. he may have been told what to do or not should not be invited to discuss their - Despite the recent testimony of Sumner to do, for it is a matter of record that he trip before the House in. e~ecutive Plke and others, the fact remains that wrote a letter definitely denying such an session. there has been considerably less oil dis increase. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I covered and brought into production to Perhaps pending legislation to take agree with the gentleman from Illinoi:!> dat~ in 1943 than during the same period from the Office of Price Administration that it would be very beneficial if all of 1942; and with the cost of wildcatting all the·functions pertaining to the juris could have the benefit of their experi and operating up more than 40 percent, diction of oil and petroleum products ences and observations. We are going it is obvious that . there will be still less..... would be helpful. Most people familiar to be required to pass venr far-reaching actual production brought in next year with the problems of the independent legislation during this session. I believe unless early and subst:1ntial relief is producers and operators agree such every Member would be greatly helped given. Production is what counts, and functions should have naturally gone to . by the information the Senators can more·production of oil is what the Nation the Petroleum Coordinator in the first impart to us. Their information may must have. place. And I might add, incidentally, mean that many lives and much prop . Unfounded and absurd charges have that unless the 0. P. A. functions more erty can be saved. been made that those of us who have efficiently in the future than in the past, The SPEAKER. The time of the gen been hammering at this perplexing prob that many other functions now under tlewoman from Massachusetts has lem and predicting for months that a its jurisdiction should by all means be expired. future oil shortage was· inevitable unless transferred to other governmental THE SUBSIDY PROGRAM relief were given, were attempting to "bail agencies. Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani out" independent oil producers and op One thing is certain. Congress can mous consent to address the House for erators of the country. Such charges not longer refuse to take cognizance of 1 minute. and insinuations are not only untrue but the impending danger and disastrous re The SPEAKER. Wi-thout objection, it are being repeatedly made evidently for sults of a drastic curtailment of produc is so ordered. the avowed purpose of prejudicing the tion. of the Nation's oil fields. Patience There was no objection. Congress and the country against an with administration heads has ceased Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, the uncer industry that is bending every effort to to be a virtue. Immediate and drastic tainty resulting from the reactionary produce the oil so essential for the war action must be had. The war effort s'il:>sidy program that the Government ·effort. 'The fact ·is, however, that hun must not be impaired because of a short seems to be insisting on has resulted ai}.d dreds Of independent producers of what sighted, ill-advised, obstinate and ar is resulting in destroying our miUtary are known as stripper wells have been rogant attitude of a Washington bu production. Unless that reactionary at forced to abandon or sell them for a reaucracy. titude is abandoned by the administra song or less to the big oil companies. EXTENSION OF REMARKS tion-and I understand that those who Last year more than' 10,000 small wells Mr. HOBBS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan really know what it is all about in the were ' abandoned, sold, or practically administration realize this-we are go given away to the Standard Oil and imous consent to revise and extend my own remarks and to include therein an ing to confront a very serious situation other major oil companies. That is only this winter. I hope the people back a part of the tragic story of what is hap article. home will get to understand this and pening to the oil industry. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it realize what is to blame for the milk At the conference yesterday it was re is so ordered. situation being as bad as it is. peatedly suggested by some Members There was no objection. that a special committee be appointed Mr. HORAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE to call upon certain individuals in the imous consent to extend my own remarks Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani administrative branch of the Govern in the RECORD and to include therein a mous consent to address the House for ment. It was asserted that if those in newspaper article. 10 minutes toda:y at the conclusion of the charge knew that 125 or 150 Members of The SPEAKER. Without objection, it special orders heretofore agreed to. the House were seriously concerned is so ordered. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it about the impending oil shortage, that There was no objection. is so ordered. we might be able to secure administra TOUR OF THE WAR FRONTS BY SENATORS There was no objection. tive relief, especially with reference to EXTENSION OF REMARKS the need for a substantial price increase Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. in crude oil. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad Mr. STEWART. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. Speaker, as I told that conference, dress the House for 1 minute and to revise unanimous consent to extend my own I have served on many committees which and extend my own remarks. · remarks in the RECORD. 8170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 7 The SPEAKER. Without objection, it PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE the capital city-Hartford-is in the Re is so ordered. Mr. RAMEY. Mr. speaker, I ask publican column. There was no objection. unanimous consent that today, follow Whether or not these figures indicate Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask ing any special orders heretofore entered, a political t'rend, I leave to the Members unanimous consent to extend my own the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. RowE] of the House to decide. remarks in the RECORD on the subject of may be permitted to address the House PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE the Surrender of fascism and include for 5 minutes. therein a letter received from James The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speakert Loeb, Jr., and a set of resolutions. the request of the gentleman from Ohio? I have a special order for today. I ask There was no objection. unanimous consent to . withdraw that The SPEAKER. Is there objection to order and instead to address tlie House the request of the gentleman from New EXTENSION OF REMARKS York? · on Monday next at the conclusion of the (Mr. LAMBERTSON and Mr. NORMAN legislative program of the day and fol There was no objection. asked and were given permission to ex lowing any special orders heretofore Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask tend their own remarks in the RECORD.) entered. unanimous consent to extend my own re Mr. REECE of Tennessee. Mr. Speak The SPEAKER. Is there objection to marks· in the RECORD and include therein er, I ask unanimous consent to extend the request of the gentleman from a brief editorial from the Washington my own remarks in the RECORD and in Kansas? Post. clude therein an editorial. There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection EXTENSION OF REMARKS the request of the gentleman from New to the request of the gentleman from York? · Tennessee? Mr. JONKMAN. :)Mr. Speaker, I ask There was no objection. There was no objection. unanimous consent· to extend my own PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE remarks in the RECORD apd to include PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE therein a statement of recommendations Mr. CALVIN D. JOHNSON. Mr. Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Speaker, I ask by the Michigan Food Conference. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that unanimous consent to address the House The SPEAKER. Is there objection to today, following any special orders here for 1 minute. • the request of the gentleman from tofore entered, I may be permitted to The SPEAKER. Is there objection Michigan? · address the House for 5 minutes. to the request of the gentleman from There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Nebraska? Mr. LEFEVRE. Mr.· Speaker I ask the request of the gentleman from Illi There was no objection. unanimous consent to extend my own nois? Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Speaker, in 1938 remarks in the RECORD and include There was no objection. Lord Runciman went to Czechoslovakia therein an article bY ~udge Wadhams of FULBRIGHT RESOLUTION to study the political situation for Eng East Jewett, New York. As a member of land. In .the Pollyanna manner. com the executive committee of the League to Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I mon to so-called statesmen of that day, ask unanimous consent to address the Enforce Peace, Judge Wadhams worked he took his golf clubs along. With that out a plan for the League of Natioqs and House for 1 minute and to revise and ex kind of thinking and leadership, it was tend my rem~rks. observed at close range the cause of its no wonder that Europe turned into a failure. He is presenting a new and more The SPEAKER. Is there objection to flaming hell. the request of the gentleman from Ohio? hopeful approach to securing an endur Today the New Deal leadership of this ing peace, in this article. The Govern There was no objection. Congress follows a similar course. This ment Printing Office informs me that this Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, Congress has been back at its post over will cost $22.50 in excess of the allowance, here is a quotation from the Weekly 3 weeks. What has it accomplished? and I ask unanimous consent that it be Analysis of Newspaper Opinion, based on The answer is,- "Nothing." The New printed notwithstanding that fact. the editorial pages and front pages of Deal bureaucracy marches steadily on The SPEAKER. Is there objection to newspapers serving all sections of the toward state socialism and the destruc the request of the gentleman from New United States, for the week ending Sep tion of free enterprise and the American York? tember 25, 1943:. home. If the American Army leadership There was no objection. THE lo'ULBRIGHT RESOLUTION fumbled time away. like this House, the Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. Speaker, I ask House passage of the Fulbright resolution war would last for 50 years. unanimous consent to extend my own is approved by 89 percent of th~ press, treated IS A POLITICAL TREND INDICATED? remarks in the RECORD and include in a noncommittal manner by 7 percent, and therein an article from the Washington disapproved by 4 percent. The approving Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. majority hails the large vote as showing non Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Times-Herald. ·? • partisan near-unanimous support, as reassur address the House for 1 minute and to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ing our allies, as indicative of our great revise and extend my remarks. the request of the gentleman from Idaho? change in policy, as a great step toward world The SPEAKER. Is there objection There was no objection. cooperation, etc., and practically all of this to the request of the gentleman from group urge the Senate to quick action. The PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE amendment providing that the United States Connecticut? Mr. CLASON. Mr. Speaker, "I ask must engage in commitments through con There was no objection. unanimous consent to address the House stitutional processes is viewed by 16 percent Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my of the approving group as unnecessary but Speaker, it is a well-~nown fact that the acceptable, while 3 percent praise the amend Members of this House are interested in remarks. ment and 3 percent stress disapproval of the political trends, so, for the benefit of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to amendment. Most of the noncommittal 7 those who are interested, I submit the the request of the gentleman from Mas percent hold the resolution can mean much following: sachusetts? or little, while the disapproving 4 percent Last Monday 143 out of the 169 towns There was no objection. rather wea'kly deplore the action and urge the [Mr. CLASON addressed the House. His Senate to reject the resolution. - and cities in Connecticut held their local elections. The Republican Party made remarks appear in the Appendix.] CEILING ON HOGS substantial gains, carrying 127 O"!-It of the Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask 143 towns and cities holding elections. unanimous consent that today, following unanimous consent to address the House The industrial city of Norwalk, after any special orders heretofore entered, I for 1 minute and to revise and extend my 4 terms under a Democratic mayor, went may be permitted to address the House remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD. into the Republican column by 3,000; for 10 minutes, and to revise and extend The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the industrial city of Bristol elected a my· remarks and include therein two the request of the gentleman from In Republican mayor; and the city of Tor short editorials. diana? rington went Democratic by a scant 20 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. votes. · the request of the gentleman from Ore [Mr. WILSON addressed the House. Three weeks from now I expect to have gon? His remarks appear in the Appendix.] the pleasure of advising the House that There was no objection. 1943 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8171 Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, ·! ask Mr. MICHENER. Reserving the right of the world with people many of whom unanimous consent that today, follow to object, Mr. Speaker, and I shall not ' will be undesirable. ing any special orders heretofore entered, object, can the majority leader give us Mr. MICHENER. As I understand the I may be permitted to address the House some idea of the program for next week? majority leader, the only bill of impor for 10 minutes. Mr. McCORMACK. Frankly, I am un tance that may be on the agenda for next The SPEAKER. Is there objection to able to at this time. I doubt if the Com week is the one from the Committee on the request of the gentleman from Mich- modity Credit Corporation bill will be in Military Affairs? igan? · a position to be considered. Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman is There was no objection. The Committee on Military Affairs re correct. Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask ported out this morning a bill that has Of course, I respect the views of the unanimous consent that on Tuesday and passed the Senate with reference to in gentleman from Mississippi on the ques Wednesday next, at the conclusion of the creasing the allowances for certain de tion of immigration. I think this bill is legislative programs and any special or pendents of those who are serving in the clearly an exception to the position ders heretofore entered, I may be per present war. This is an important mat which the gentleman bas so consistently mitted to address the House for 15 min ter. If a rule is reported on this bill maintained. As I understand, this bill utes. it can probably be considered the mid is to repeal the exclusion of the C.binese The SPEAKER. Is there objection to dle or latter part of next week, probably by name, which was certainly an ignoble the request of the gentlemar. from Mich Wednesday. act, something we ought to remedy, an igan? · This is the only bill I know of now that act passed years ago in an atmosphere of There was no objection. may be brought up for consideration next economic pressures. The repeal of this act would mean EXTENSION OF REMARKS week, although I do 'not want to be bound by that statement, as I would have to that under the quota system 105 Chinese Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask make further inquiry. would be allowed to enter this country unanimous consent to extend my own The chances are that a rule will be each year. In view of the fact that. the remarks in the RECORD and include there requested for that bill and that it will be brave people of China are now going fnto in a newspaper article. reported out. It is a matter of such im their seventh year of resistance to one The SPEAKER. Is there objection to portance that I want to bring it up as of the most vicious peoples the known the request of the gentleman from Mich soon as possible. We cannot do that history of man records, as well as the igan? before Wednesday of next week, so if fact that the Chinese are our allies, I Ther·e was no objection. a rule on it is reported out, I shall prob think that the passage of such a law, OCTOBER 7, ANNIVERSARY OF TWO ably assign it for Wednesday -of next in addition to being an act o:i.' justice on GLORIOUS VICTORIES week. our part, would be distinctly in the best Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, will the interests of our country. That is my Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask viewpoint. I do not want to get into unanimous consent to address the House gentleman yield? · . Mr. MICHENER. I yield to the gen any controversy or discussion of the bill for 1 minute and to revise and extend my at this time, but I felt that the opinion remarks. tleman from Illinois. of the gentleman from Missis~ippi, which The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. SABATH. In addition to the bill we respect even in disagreement, should the request of the gentleman from Mis which has been reported by the Com not be permitted to remain unanswered. sissippi? mitte on Military Affairs, on which a rule The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. in all likelihood .will be requested, the Cbmmittee on Immigration and Natural the request of the gentleman from Mas Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, today is sachusetts? . an anniversary dear to the heart of every ization on urgent request today reported Mr. RANKIN. Reserving the right to true American. It is the anniversary of a bill repealing the Chinese Exclusion object, Mr. Speaker, let me say to the two of the most important victories won Act. Also, the gentleman from North gentleman from Massachusetts that the by our forebears in the Revolutionary Carolina has a resolution pending Japanese have been waging propaganda War. authorizing the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce to investigate through the Black Dragon Society for On October 7, 1777, our first great vic years to ~estroy all the immigration re tory was won ·at Saratoga, which sent a certain needs for the future development strictions to which the gentleman refers.- thrill of enthusiasm throughout the of our air transportation. In view of this As I said, the Chinese want something struggling Colonies; and on October 7, situation, I will call a meeting for to morrow, at which timE; we may be able to tight with and to eat. 1780, a second great victory was won by Mr. CASE. Mr. Speaker, I demand the Americans, the battle of Kings Moun to report on these three requests and the regular order. tain. bring in rules for the measures that are The SPEAKER. The regular order is I call 'this to the attention of the House urgent. demanded. Is there objeCtion to there at this time because I believe the Ameri Mr. McCORMACK. As to the repeal quest of the gentreman from Massa can people should pay more attention to of the Chinese Exclusion Act, the action chusetts? this date on which our forefathers won on which I am aware of and am very Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, reserv those glorious victories in their struggle glad to note, personally, I do not intend ing the right to object--- for the fifth freedom, which is expressed to bring that up next week. I hope a The SPEAKER. The regular order has in those two glorious words, "liberty" and rule will be reported out so that it may "independence." be considered in the very near future. been demanded. However, as far as bringing it up next Mr. HOFFMAN. Then I object, Mr. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE week is concerned, it is not my intention Speaker. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Speak to do so. It will probably come up the BATTLE OF KING'S MOUNTAIN er, I have a special order for Friday. I week after next. Mr. BULWINKLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask ask unanimous consent that that order Mr. RANKIN: Mr. ·Speaker, will the unanimous consent to address the House be vacated and that rbe permitted to gentleman yield? · for 1 minute and to revise and extend my address the House for the same amount Mr. MICHENER. I yield to the gen remarks. ' , of time on Monday next, following the tleman fro~ Mississippi. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? legislative program of the day and any ... Mr. RANKIN. I hope the gentleman . special orders heretofore entered. There was no objection . does not bring up any bill to change our Mr. BULWINKLE. Mr. Speaker, the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to immigration law materially during this the request of the gentleman from gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] war. What the Chinese want is some has just called the attention of the House Nebraska? thing to fight with and something to eat. There was no objection. to the fact that today is the anniversary They are not interested in changing our of the victory at King's Mountain on ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY NEXT laws as they affect the United States. If the 7th ""day of October 1780. While not Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I you start to break down our immigration many men were engaged on either side ask unanimous consent that when the laws now, as some people would have{ in that battle, yet it was a victory for the House adjourns today it adjourn to meet them oroken down, you will literally flood Americans that had far-reaching conse on Monday next. this country from every nook and corner quences. It was fought by men from 8172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 7 North Carolina, South Carolina, and Vir- , want and starting a most vicious system. sional District of Pennsylvania, notified the ginia. But l_ do not intend to say very Instead of trying to soak the poorer and Speaker of the House of Representatives that middle'-class taxpayers more, the policy he had submitted to the Governor of Penn- - much save that it was "a great and . sylvania his resignation as a Member of the glorious victory." of the Government should be to cut down Seventy-eighth Congress, effective at 6 p. m. But I do want to call attention to the expenditures and save at least $4,000,- Se_ptember 24, 1943; and fact, not known by many, that pl:ior to 000,000. There are today 3,000,000 men ' Whereas the Honorable James E. Van Zandt the date of that battle there were ap and women on the Federal pay roll, and has been for many years one of tpe most peasers in the Continental Congress, and I believe if they were cut in half we would loyal industrious, and zealous members of that these appeasers, not openly, were have just as good, if not better, efficiency the Committee on the Merchant Marine and FiSheries of the House of Representatives, talking among themselves of making in the Government. and by his distinguiShed, loyal, patriotic, and peace with Great Britain by letting Great The New Deal, instead of thinking up faithful work and his genial companionship . Britain have the Carolinas, Georgia, and methods of spending more money and at all times has won for himself the abound the English part of Florida. It was the increasing the tax burdens of the wage ing affection and lasting love of all members victory at King's Mountain that put a earners and the middle classes, should of the commitee; and - stop to this sentiment and this talk concentrate on trying to save and stop Whereas his services with this committee among those who would have a peace no governmental waste and extravagance have been characterized by industry, effi now existing on the most colossal scale ciency, great patience, profound skill, and matter how they got it. For this reason untiring energy: Now, therefore, be it the battle of King's Mountain has been in our history. Resolved, That the Committee on the Mer well called the turning point of the ADJOURNMENT OVER chant Marine and Fisheries, in session as Revolution. sembled, wish him the greatest success in his The SPEAKER. The time of the gen Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, Ire new fields of endeavor and the greatest tleman from North Carolina has expired. new my request that when the House achievements in his new labor, with the adjourns today it adjourn to meet on abiding assurance to him that his colleagues PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Monday next. here will never forget his past labors, his Mr. ROBS! ON . of Kentucky. Mr. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it loyalty, his friendship, fidelity, and his zeal, Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that is so ordered. and we wish to assure him that his loyalty, There was no objection. fidelity, and friendship here fill us with a on Monday next, after the other special deep sense of personal loss, which, though orders, I may address the House for 20 EXTENSION OF REMARKS poignant, will be somewhat alleviated by the minutes. · Mr. COFFEE. Mr. Speaker, I ask t:on~cious knowledge that though absent in The SPEAKER. Without objection, it the flesh he will be with us in the spirit, and is so ordered. unanimous consent to extend my re that our prayers for his safe return and our There was no objection. marks in the RECORD and include a quo best wishes will follow him until we, or at Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, I ask tation from a speech made by John Gar least some of us, will be privileged to share field, motion-picture. star. gladly that victory which he will have helped unanimous consent that on Monday next, The SPEAKER. Is there objection? to win for us; and be it after the other special orders, the gentle There was no objection. Resolved further, That this resolution be man from Missouri [Mr. MILLER] may be spread upon the minutes of this committee permitted to address the House for 30 HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT and that a copy shall be sent to Mr. Van minutes. Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask Zandt. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? unanimous consent to ::::.ddress the House THE COAL SUPPLY There was no objection. for 1 minute and to revise and extend Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. SUPPLY OF CORN FOR EASTERN UNITED my remarks and include therein a reso Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad STATES lution. dress the House for 1 minute and to Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani The SPEAKER. Without objection, it revise and extend my remarks. is so ordered. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? mous consent to address the House for There was no objection. 1 min'-~e and to revise .and extend my There was no objection. Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, the Com Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. remarks. mittee on the Merchant Marine and The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Speaker, the War Labar Board for some Fisheries, in addition to a permanent loss time has had the settlement of the coal There was no objection. · to the committee, the Congress, and the situation. They should act at once. The Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I urge all Nation, in the departure of Francis D. bituminous-coal stock is 30,000 tons be Members of Congress who are interested Culkin, has suffered materially a further low normal. The anthracite stock is in obtaining corn for the dairy herds in loss in the departure for service in the much less. The stock of bituminous coal their district, and for their poultrymen, Navy of another of its members, James is steadily decreasing at the rate of 6,000 'to urge members of the Committee on E. Van Zandt, one of the most indus tons a month. We cannot win the peace Banking and Currency to report favor trious, informed, and patriotic members for this country and the world if peace ably my resolution-House Joint Resolu of the committee, whose splendid patri in the coal industry is not brought about. tion ·169-removing the ceiling price of otism has led him into the ·war. The Intense suffering will result in hundreds $1.07 a bushel on corn and letting it seek loss to the merchant marine in this re.:. of homes. Industry cannot · function its own level and thereby start corn mov spect is a gain for the Navy. We envy without -bituminous coal. It is a very ing east to our farmers and industries. them that gain. Our loss cannot be ex dangerous situation. This is a very critical situation, and pressed in words, for he was one of the unless our farmers get corn within the hardest workers and most genial mem AMENDING THE N~TIONAL HOUSING ACT r~cxt few months it will mean curbing bers on the committee. Always friendly Mr. STEAGALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask production or going out of business. in his approach, he was deeply beloved unanimous consent for the present con I do not understand how the adminis by all members of the committee. We sideration of the -bill
/ 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8181 inay be given to noncombatant nations This House is controlled by commit tion, hew States out of the wilderness, whose people are not now, and in my tees. These committees are controlled and to save and preserve this great opinion, never will be, engaged by actual by senior members. No reform c·an be Pacific coast area for the United States. participation in this so-called all-out made without their sanction. No vote My colleagues, as I said in my letter war. "All out" is correct, inasmuch as can be taken without their approval. presenting this book to you, I am sure they all keep out financially as much as The responsibility for any action in this you, as students of American history, will possible. House is squarely upon their shoulders. be interested in reading again some of We acquiesce by our silence while The membership of this House can be the historic events which took place a homes are broken through the drafting likened to the parable of the bundle of hundred years ago, and in which our of fathers to fight in a war that has been sticl{S. We have neither unity nor pro pioneer ancestors played such a heroic generously given to us by some of our gram. Lacking unity, there is no part in winning and holding as a part of so-called allies, one of which is now, with strength. May I therefore suggest that the United States the old Oregon coun the sanction of this Government, dis the senior leaders assert their leadership try, now comprising much of the Pacific banding part of her own divisions and in the interest of the American public Coast States. If the World War had not sending them home. and grant to this Congress the right to broken upon. us in such fury in this cen We complacently permit the placing of stop regimentation and express itself on tennial year, a fitting celebration of this 8 percent of our population under arms matters of public polic~. outstanding event in American history compared with 4.6 percent by England, EXTENSION OF REMARKS wonld have taken place. While we are although Winston Churchill stated in a fi ghting to preserve America, it is well broadcast, recorded in the New York Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex to keep vividly before us the contribu Times, February 10, 1941: tion made by these worthy pioneers of We do not need the gallant armies which tend my own remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD on two different subjects: a hundred years ago in helping to lay are forming throughout the American Union, the foundations of this great land of but we do need most urgently an immense One to include an article from the Los and continuous supply of war materials, and Angeles Daily Journal, and the other to ours. technical apparatus of all kinds. We need include a resolution adopted by the I hope you will find a spare moment's them and we need to bring them here. Give Smaller War Plants Corporation Board time to reread, as set forth in this book us the tools and we w111 finish the job. of Directors of Southern California. let, the recital of the courage, daring, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there and foresight of these hardy pioneers. This is a rather unusual statement May from a man who, until this date, has not objection to the request of the gentleman we not pray that we had more of from California? their kind today to help to bring solu sent one British soldier from the Prov tions to the momentous problems facing ince of South Africa to fight on Europ~an There was no objection. Mr. WASIELEWSKI. Mr. Speaker, I us as a nation. We could well emulate battlefields. their courage, independence, and the In building our great Army, Congress ask unanimous consent to extend my re ability to achieve, relying solely upon has gullibly accepted as infallible the marks in the RECORD and include an edi their own endeavors. statements of Army, Navy, and diplo torial from the Milwaukee Journal of matic 'leaders, who court-martialed Billy September 4. I am including as a part of my re Mitchell, predicted the destruction of the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there marks two editorials worthy of consider Russian Armies within a few months, objection to the request of the gentleman ation in connection with this centen predicted the destruction of the Japanese from Wisconsin? nial-one entitled "The Pioneer Trails There was no objection. Association," appearing in the Oregonian Navy within a few weeks, and assured the of August 20; 1943, and the other entitled American people again and again that PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE their policy, namely, supplying Japan "Westward Cavalcade," by Walter Mea with scrap iron, copper, and other essen Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- cham, which was published in the Oregon tials, would keep us out of the war. er, I ask unanimous consent that on next Journal of its issue of August 19, 1943: Monday, at the conclusion Gf the legisla [Frorr the Oregonian, Portland, Oreg., of On the one hand, Congress pleads with tive American industry to produce the ma program and any special orders here August 20, 1943) chinery of destruction so necessary in tofore entered, I may address the House THE PIONEER TRAILS ASSOCIATION waging. war and we are proud of the for 15 minutes. "From shirt sleeves to shirt sleeves in three miracles of mass production performed The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there generations."-American folklore. by American industry in supplying the objection to the request of the gentleman No saying has been more widely quoted and from Wisconsin? understood by· the American people than this war needs of the Allied Armies of the There was no objection. one. Our national lustiness--our expansion world. On the other hand, we permit The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under over a continent under conditions ·of free and encourage Federal witch-hunts and previous order of the House, the gentle enterprise-has createu the conditions which persecution of these industries by Qov- have illustrated the reality so many, many . ernment.... agencies which would destroy man from Oregon [Mr. ANGELL] is recog times. Somebody, born in a log cabin, a the morale ·and confidence in Govern nized for 10 minutes. tenement, or a village outsJtirt, works hard ment of any group they think less patri WAGONS WEST and becomes wealthy; his son is insensitive ·to tht sacrifices and puts on a lot of dog; otic than themselves. Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, I am tak his grandson is not only nsensitive but a Today this Congress is asked to forget ing the liberty of delivering to all of my wastrel, and having spent the family patri the wisdom gained through the centuries colleagues in the House today a little mony is compelled in the end to go to work. "that the power to tax is the power to booklet entitled "Wagons West." This The American people understand that cycle. destroy" and is considering a second tax book was written by Philip H. Parrish, They have seen it among their neighbors. measure for $10,560,000,000, which is who is the editorial-page edttor of the But how many transpose the thought and nothing more nor less than an insidious Portland Oregonian and who is also apply it to the . wider affair. . of· the earth? How many realize that nations as well as in attempt to bankrupt both individuals chairman of the Old Oregon Trail Cen dividuals are subject to the temptations and business. This measure is a fur tennial Commission. We are-celebrating which cause the movement from shirt sleeves thering of the thought in Washington this year the one-hundredth anniversary to shirt sleeves in three ·generations? Not that it is a crime to have money and is of the Old Oregon Trail and the estab many, we are afraid. masquerading under the misnomer of lishment' in this country of the first civil The fact is that the il.dividual family sopping up surplus income. government west of the Rocky Moun breaks down through the absorption of the England, we are told, by advocates of tains, at Champoeg in Oregon. This founder who creates the fainily. Conc-erned "union now" and by that they mean little booklet has for its purpose recount with his own discipline and his own dangers, he has no time to give to his son, or, later, union in everything except sharing the ing some of the historic events that took his grandson. He assumes, and wrongly, that cost, is paying one-half of her war costs place in· those stirring pioneer days a they will know instinctively what he has from current taxation while we pay but hundred years ago, when our ancestors gone through, and that they will carry on in one-third. However, they do not state made the greatest and longest trek in the same spirit. So what he has accom that England's war budget for this year history, across plains - and mountains plished is shortly dissipated. is $21,000,000,000 while ours is approxi leading !rom the Missouri River to the And all this can be just as easily repeated mately $120,000,000,000. far West, to establish there a civiliza- among nations as among individuals, unless 8182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 7 there is forethought and constant effort to Much creative work was done under his Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask bring home to the people of the wealthy and guidance. The Pony Express Trail, from St. unanimous consent to revise and extend f-ortunate .nation how the people got that Joseph, Mo ., to Sacramento, Calif., was my remarks and include some newspaper marked and monumented. The State of. way-by what bravery and sacrifices and editorials. blood and toil they securec' their favorable Kansas purchased and preserved the old position. Shawnee Mission and the Cottonwood stage The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Those who cherish the history of the Na station. Scotts Bluff, Nebr., has been made objection? tion, and of the regions and the communities, a national monument. Chimney Rock, that There was no objection. celebrated landmark on the Old Oregon Trail, are in effect the conscience of the Nation. LEGISLATIVE RESPONSIBILITY They are the people who are trying to keep has been donated by its owner to the State. clear in the minds of the second and third Several original Pony Express stations have Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, if we and fourth generations a realization that the been saved. remember the situation of our colleague advantages they enjoy have not emerged from The State of Wyoming purchased old Forts the gentleman from Illinois, CALVIN D. Laramie and Bridger and saved them from some inevitable providence but from sweaty JoHNSON, who just called our attention to and harsh struggle. destruction. The former is now a national monum~nt. Farsighted citizens of Walla our inaction, we can understand why he All of which is to say that the American speaks as he does; why he is impatient; Pioneer Trails Association, meeting in Port Walla have purchased the site of the Whit land in this week in its national convention, man mission and expect to restore it to its why he wants something done, and why is engaged in a work as vital as that of actu former appearance. Pocatello citizens expect he wants it done now. He recently lost a ally carrying rifles on the battle fronts. If to restore old Fort Hall. son in the armed service, and he has two it were not for a consciousness of our his Some years ago Oregon acquired the site others in the service; and no father wants tory-if it were not for the consecration of of Champoeg and it is now a State park. ' .a son to die in vain. No one wants less the average American to the causes and In order to satisfy a. widespread demand than the utmost done at all times to make principles for which America has stood-our for inclusion in this patriotic work, the the task of the fighting men less soldiers and sailors struggling through the American Pioneer Trails AssOciation was swamps of New Georgia and bombarding the formed in 1942, embracing all western trails. dangerous. toe of the Italian boot could not claim su Dr. Driggs is president of this association. Later still he was confined to the hos periority over those against whom they are Each State has its local council and conducts pital, and while there he had plenty of giving battle. Our might lies in our con the work within its own boundaries, while time to do · some sober thinking. Like ., sciousness of right. And our consciousness of participating in the natic;mal program. Its the rest of us, when he was home he l'ight is lodged entirely 1n the principles for ntembership is not confined to pioneers, but learned from his people that this admin which our forefat:Pers fought and the princi~ is open to all who are interested In the istration lacks the confiden,ce of-the home ples of freedom and individual dignity which preservation of American history, traditions, 'they have incorporated in our Government and ideals. The marking of the Old Oregon folks, lacks the confidence of the people and our way of life. Trail was the main .project for this year, but because of the things that are happening, And certainly in all our national memories the war has curtailed the work though it the actions which interfere with pro there is no prouder chapter than that of the has not stopped it: Oregon council, through duction; which add to the cost of the final surge to the Pacific coast--the story of the generosity of Edmund Hayes, of the Row war program; excessive costs which have the. opening and the deepening. of the Oregon ·River Lumber Co., has furnished cedar posts come to the attention of our people and Oalifornia trails. Those of today who for the temporary marking of the Old. Oregon through the efforts of our colleague the Trail from the Missouri to the Pacific. ·really know that story could never bear to gentleman from Michigan, ALBERT ENGEL. let their Nation down. The telling of that August 12 was designated as Trail Mark story is the purpose of the American· Pioneer ing Day, with -:; oken marking through all trail Our colleague the gentleman from Trails Association, and of Dr. Howard R. States. The Boy Scouts of America assisted Michigan [Mr. ENGEL] has been doing a Driggs, of New York, successor to the late in this work, receiving a real lesson in history job which was not his to do; he has ren Ezra Meeker as its president. while helping preserve it. dered a service over and beyond that Oregon is pleased to be host to the associa While this year's convention will not' be as which he is required to perform as a tion on this hundredth anniversary of the large as in former years, it will nevertheless Representative. He took on a job which opening of the Oregon T_r~il. And we hope be Important and constructive. Two main it was the duty of the different commit• that all the people of Oregon, including our subjects of discussion will be trail mark-ing tees of the House to do. And he ren newcomers. will take a little time out to re ·and the histo~y-teaching challenge in our freshen their minds on· the c:P,ronicle of the ·homes, schools, churches, libraries, and dered the country a magnificent service. world's longest wagon road . ./ If. enough re musemr.s. Dr. Driggs stresses history teach As an illustration, the Committee on Ex member and know, there will oe no danger of ing in a human, underst.anding·way, starting penditures in the Executive Departments this region, or of this Nation, slipping, with local and State history, branching out has known for a long, long time that through carelessness, back to shirt sleeves. into interstate and na,tional. Every mile of there was a criminal waste of money aP the Old Oregon Trail has a story spot teeming propriated by the Congress, not only for [From the Oregon Journal, Portland, Oreg., with human interest •. many of which have war activities, but by other agencies of been hidden in the mists of forgetfulness. · of August 1~. 1943] The story of the stretching of the western the Government, and yet that commit VVESTVVARD CAVALCADE ·boundary of the United States from the Mis tee, which was created to keep the lid on (By Walter Meacham) souri to the Pacific is an epic unsurpassed in executive expenditures and prevent the The annual convention of the American the history of human endeavor. waste of tax money, has refused, time and Pioneer Trails Associa~ion brings to mind a Oregon's greatest advertising asset is the , time again, to do one single thing about series of historic events which have played a Old Oregon Trail and our people are begin it. large role in the cavalcade of America. It ning to realize it. Orego:q's boundar~es are That committee had a meeting this recalls the story of two men with vision and not confined to its geographic lines but ex morning. The chairman of the com· ·pur.pose. In 1906 Ezra Meeker, that grand tend as far as the vision and enterprise of its old patriarcli, set out with a covered vvago1.1 citizens. mlttee the gentleman · from New York and ox team to mark the Old Oregon Trai.l Like an other patriotic organizations, the [Mr. O'LEARY] wants to go ahead and he and preserve its identity. Twenty years later American Pioneer Tl'ails Association is pri wants to obtain from this bcidy author- . he organized the Oregon Trail Memorial As marily concerned wi.th winning the war. Its ity to subpena witnesses ·and to institute sociation in New York City and was made its next concern is winning and maintaining the and carry on an investigation of matters first president. He crossed 1{he Great Divide peace.- We are trying to preserve our na .which have come within his knowledge of in 1928 at the age of 98. tional background through a knowledge of where the Government money is being and pride in the accomplishments of our pio Dr. Howard Dfiggs, of New York City, was wasted and where the Government is elected to fill the vacancy. Driggs was pro neers from sea to sea, to keep our morale fessor of E.nglish education in New York strong, our spirit high, to win on the home being overcharged for certain items. In University. But, while he taught English, front what our boys are fighting to win on the committee he was met by the objec his heart was in American history. He was the battle front. tion, which has been voiced before, that born in Utah and learned history from those The solution lies in our homes, churches, it was not necessary, that we could not who made it, as they sat before the pitch and schools, which must meet the challenge get any authority from Congress to sub pine fires in their log cabins. Under his if the vision and enterprise of pioneer Amer pena vvitnesses. leadership the Oregon Trail Memorial Asso ica are to be preserved. The only explanation that I can see for ciation carried on a program of marking and monumenting our pioneer trails, saving our The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under that objection is that there is something hi!.toric landmarks, and carrying the -story · previous order of the House, the gentle so rotten connected with the expendi of America's making into our schools and man from Michigan [Mr. HoFFMAN] is ture of the taxpayers' money by some homes; recognized for 10 minutes. executive departments that this admin- 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8183 istration dare not permit the committee together with those on the side-there the nose-rubbing custom originated, but to look into.it. . I issue that challenge to are 35 or 40 Democrats who believe in our they said she rubbed her nose against the majority leader now. One of the form of government, in our way of doing that of some Maorian woman, kissed Joe Members on this side just a nioment ago things-and those 35 or 40, joined 'with Lash, wore a grass skirt, and so on. A called my attention to the fact that there us, went along with us and gave the ad heck or a lot all that helped the fighting were 2 Democrats present on that side; ministration a trimming where it should men. The President was absolutely I think there are 2 now, and I notice be tri-mmed in the early days of this Con right when he said that in Washington there is 1 more back of the table wait gress, and then we Republicans turned we had a community that was the least ing to make a motion to adjourn. There around and what did we do? We gave aware of the fact that a war existed. He are some 35 Republicans present. them a kick on the shin, on the most was ·right about it, and the least cogni Let me say to the Republicans that tender part, on the antilynching bill, zant of the sacrifice which must be made, the Democratic leadership has been and on the poll-tax bill. of the things which we must have and do doing a masterly job, being in con Mr. RAMEY. Mr. Speaker, will the to win the war apparently is the First trol and being responsible fo~ legislation gentleman yield? Lady of the land. Now, if they will just and for the making of legislation, being Mr. HOFFMAN. I am sorry, I cannoL bring her home and let her do a little responsible for the amounts of funds yield; I hope the gentleman from Ohio home work, let her do a little work in which have been appropriated and [Mr. RAMEY] will get time of his own, the garden, let her do a little something wasted-the gentleman from Massachu because he has been squawking and kick that will produce results, then maybe setts and his lieutenants-! mean Mr. ing about this situation right along for the rest of the people will be more will McCORMACK and his lieutenants-are do the last month or more, has he not? ing to buy bonds; maybe they will be ing a wonderful job in keeping the mi The gentleman nods his head in the more willing to go without butter, or nority, whose business it is to criticize affirmative. - meat, or this or that or the other as our policies, from instituting or conducting And I say to the gentleman, get up and people are willing to go without anything investigations, keeping us from getting make your wishes known and hang to it and everything which they may be asked the legislation we should have to stop and'keep kicking until you get support to go without if only here in washington waste which they are permitting. The enough to institute and put through a the administration will set the example. Republican minority by one means and program of your own, just as the gentle The SPEAKER pro tempore. The another has been gagged and made to man from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], and the time of the gentleman from Michigan like it. gentleman from Michigan [Mr. ENGEL], has expired. t wonder where the leadership of the as well as some others, have done. Then we will get somewher.e; we will pnd that SPECIAL ORDER Republican side thinks we are going. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under When I was home-and I also challenge the gentlemen on the other side, these anyone to contradict me in the state good, loyal, American Democrats, will a previous order of the House, the gen ment, that when you were home, you led be glad to go along with us in a program tleman from Florida [Mr. HENDRICKS] is the people to think the Republicans to end the foolishness of the New Deal recognized for 5 mjnutes. could not do anything and we did not get restore the constitutional way. Mr. HENDRICKS. Mr. Speaker, I am away very well with the argument that I do not have any pride of authorship, well aware of the fact that I cannot do each of us was only 1 of 435; we did not I have no pride of leadership, and I will this subject justice in 5 minutes, but I get away very well with the argument go along with anyone who will fight the imagine much more will be said about it that we were ·only the minority. The New Deal. in the near future. · home folks want to know why we cannot Yesterday I had two letters. One came I am today introducing a bill to re at least make a noise to let them know from a man who has a son who has been peal section 294 .(a) (5) of the Internal we are alive. 2 years and a half in the service, 2 years Revenue Code relating to additions to · of which have been spent across the sea. the tax in the case of substantial under If the Republican leaders, and if the estimate of the estimated tax. This re Members of the House on the Republican The other's son has served continuously side, will read the remarks that were for more than 18 months in a battle area, peals the section that provides a 6-per made previously today and will read be where he went after less than 6 months' cent penalty on the taxpayer for failure tween the lines, they will see that there training. They wanted to get a fur to estimate within 80 percent of his are Republicans who have been telling lough for their boys. income. the Members of our side a good many Both of these gentlemen wrote along I am sure that many Members of this different times, as I have done, that we this line: House had the same experience while want to do something about this situa "Why is it that we cannot get the boys they were at home·during the recess that tion of inaction. We know the New Deal home on furlough; why are we told that I had. Many of my constituents called is unsound, that it will eventually die, there is not enough gas to come home on upon me and I would say that I had but that is no reason why we should not and at the same time the First Lady of more complaints about this penalty than give it a push-an earlier than natural the land is traveling around the world at about any other one problem except the death. I have been down here since erformous expense in a special plane, regulations of the 0. P. A. My constitu 1935, and time and again I have been burning hundreds of gallons of gas. ents who discussed this penalty with me told in language that was so plain any "She can go and come, but my boy pointed out how difficult it would be to one could understand it, for me to go cannot come home." estimate this tax and the injustice of back and shut my big mouth. Today And one of those boys has a mother the penalty. · It seems to me that this that same mental paralysis exists, and I who was becoming mentally deranged, pena,lty clause in the recent tax bill is have been saying, over and over again, because of worry over her son just as going far afield to try to make our al- that we must do something about the many and many a mo~her worries. She . ready burdensome tax problems more so. waste other than imposing additional wants to know and the father wants to We passed a pay-as-you-go tax bill taxes. Yet nothing has been accom know: Why cannot the boy come home? at the request of the people of this Na plished. I am only one of 435, but as Well, the only thing I · could write was tion. It is natural that these people who long as I am here I am going to keep that wherever he was stationed the com requested this bill will want to pay as that big mouth open, as long as I can mander had authority and that because they go and therefore the section re find important busin€ss to tall{ about of the exigencies of the war he had to be ferred to is penalizing them for some and certainly there is plenty of it. there; that if the war required him to thing which they already desire to do Next week I am going to talk about be shot, or killed, or whatever it was, he but may not be able to do because in the way this administration is going to had to make the sacrifice. That was all comes now fluctuate and vary so greatly make us take subsidies whether or not we right, only it could not be prevented, but from time to time. like it. They tell us, "You are going to why can Eleanor go, all the time, any I can see no need for a penalty for take a subsidy and you are going to like where, everywhere?· That is the thing failure to estimate within 80 percent of it.'' Before we get through unless the they want to know; why can she rub the taxpayer's income. If the taxpayer Republicans unite that is just what we noses-as the papers state-with these fails to estimate his income properly he, will do. And, there are enough of us, people over there? I do not know where of course, has the option to file a return 8184 CONGRESSIONAL RE'CORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 7 • later, and it would naturally be to his ad penalizing a man for something be wants doubt at profits, and permitting an in vantage to do so as he would like to keep to do and is asked to do; yet that is just termediary nation, to be the clearing his taxes current. And when he files exactly what we are doing with this 6-· house foJ; 37 other nations, acquiring this additional return the Government percent penalty. I see no reason for the cash and credits in the performance of will then get .the tax that they are en 6-percent penalty. I know many of my this function. titled to. constituents are unable to estimate their If we had included the $24,500,000,000 There is already a provision in the bill tax because of fluctuating income and this administrative agency has spent that if the taxpayer fails to pay his tax changes from time to time. with the money the armed forces are on his estimated return when he makes I thank the gentleman from Louisiana spend~ng, I am sure the amount would that return he is penalized $2.50 or 2% for his contribution. have been materially reduced, and if not percent of his tax, whichever of the two The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time reduced, a much greater benefit would is the larger. · This penalty seems to be of the gentleman from Florida has ex have /resulted. sufficient. pired. It is my honest opinion the need for The Secretary of the Treasury has now Under a previous order of the House, the Lend-Lease Administration has long proposed that we raise from ten to twelve the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. RowE] is since passed. I believe we should group billion dollars in additional taxes. The recognized for 5 minutes. all materials into one general category people of this country are paying the of war materials and place the responsi- highest tax that they have ever paid and LEND LEASE ADMINISTRATION . bility for their distribution and use in the the possibility is that when we pass a new Mr. ROWE. Mr. Speaker, if the in hands of the armed forces. If we can tax bill that we will pay the highest tax formation I have obtained is correct, the afford to place the best use of our sons of any nation in the world. The very armed forces now have complete control and daughters in their hands, can we be least we can do is to make this burden, over providing war materials to the na so restricted in reason as to mistrust which is almost unbearable, as ,easy as tions with which we are fighting to pre their efficient use of something so much possible. serve freedom. I am further informed less in value, such as dollars and ma When Congress reconvened after the that the armed forces deal with the dif terials? recess, Senator GEORGE issued a state ferent nations on a direct basis; that is, There may be great benefits derived ment that he felt that this penalty pro if any nation needs and requests war from our country's sending another vision of the tax bill should be repealed, material, they determine the validity of country electric welders to be sold to and that if the Ways and Means Com the claim as to the amounts and use, and retail trade on the commercial markets mittee of the House of Representatives then deal directly with the nation mak at a profit when our own commercial did not repeal it that the Senate com ing the request. · markets have no such items available mittee would consider the repeal when We must, by reason of the circum except for use directly in the war effort, they received the bill. stances in which we find ourselves today, but I am unable to agree. I have had the privilege of conferring conclude that all of our industrial and There may be some benefit to the with Senator GEORGE about this matter, natural resources fall rather definitely prosecution of the war in our sending the and he has gone over the bill, that I have into the category of war material. I say French and British over a thousand band introduced, with me, and has given his· this because almost daily I receive from instruments under lend-lease, but I am approval. Senator GEORGE feels that someone in my district a complaint that this bill will accomplish the purpose de unable to agree. the regulation imposed by one or another It may be better t'hat the Lend-Lease sired and will ease the taxpayers' burden agency here in Washington is curbing Administration had over 2,500,000 tons somewhat. Therefore, with the approval and in many instances threatening com of war material on hand for 'the many , of Senator GEORGE and of many Members plete destruction .of businesses removed of Congress with whom I have discussed countries, as of May 1, 1943, rather than from direct connection with the military have it in the hands of the armed forces, this matter I am introducing this bill program of this war. - and request that the Ways and Means but I am upwilling to agree. . Committee. consider this amendment in Assuming that. all materials and proc I am of the profound conviction that their present hearings and incorporate essing facilities are either in or subordi the leaders of our armed forces are it in the tax bill which they will present nated to the war effort, a serious question most capable of upholding any trust we to the House sometime in the not too arises in my mind as to why we need more may place in them when the interests of distance future. than one authority to deal with extend this great country are concerned, and I Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, will the ing our goods for the use of our allies. believe their administration of the whole gentleman yield? General Eisenhower, by experience, lend-lease program most definitely Mr. HENDRICKS. I am glad to yield has learned that food, clothing, and cer would remove the exchange of goods and to the gentleman from Louisiana. tain other materials, together with a extension of credits among the United Mr. BROOKS. I have listened very at stimulation of personal effort on the ·part Nations from any suspicion of geopolitics, tentively to what the gentleman had to of people in countries we are occupying, Lend-lease in every degree of. estima say, but has the gentleman considered are materially essential to the progress tion is a war adjunct. It began with the the matter of these two estimates, one on of the war toward our military and ·good war and it should end with it. The only September 15 and one on December 15, will victory. It seems to me that he and way to make that sure is to make it a that they might be entirely eliminated others in like authority would know best part of the war. Let us turn it over and still the situation might be handled the needs to accomplish this end. to the armed forces and make a real without loss? Most of the taxpayers are This causes me to question the further war contribution of it. Let us quietly glad to keep current with their taxes. need of an agency that has already com and without formal ceremony eliminate Mr. HENDRICKS. That is true. I mitted our economy to the obligation of and bury the Lend-Lease Administration talked with the chairman of the Com twenty-four and one-half billion dollars and thereby eliminate the possibility of mittee on Ways and Means today. Inci out of a total of approximately $65,000,- one more incubator of bureaucracy. dentally he assured me they would try 000,000 we have·pledged to other nations EXTENSION OF REMARKS to consider this in connection with the in materials to win the war, when that Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. present bill. He tells me he is consider agency deals with nonmilitary materials, Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex ing simplifying those returns and those indirectly or through an allied nation tend my own remarks in the RECORD and forms the taxpayer has to fill out. The that is intermediate between the source include therein an editorial appearing in committee is going to consider that. and need; in a manner permitting our the Philadelphia Bulletin on October 4. Mr. BROOKS. May I say further that materials to find their way into the com The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there this would be to the interest of the tax mercial channels of the nation in which objection to the request of the gentleman payer who wants to be current and we they are used and, further, permitting from Pennsylvania? could then eliminate these two estimates the intermediate nation to collect money There was no objection. that require so much bookkeeping, so for material we provide without our re much time and trouble. ceiving money or definite credit, in in LEAVE OF ABSENCE Mr. HENDRICKS. That is exactly the stances permitting the goods to be sold By unanimous consent, leave of ab point I made, that there is no reason in on the open market to retail trade, no sence was granted as follows: 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8185 To Mr. FULBRIGHT, from October 11 to 1936, aa amended, to authorize suspension of The purpose of the bill is to expressly 16, on account of official business. the statute of limitations in certain cases, authorize the waiver of recovery of sea To Mr. VINSON of Georgia, for 15 days, and for other purposes. men's insurance payments by theW. S. A. on account of important business. The purposes of the bill is to affirm and particularly in cases where insurance has To Mr. LARCADE, for 10 days, to visit clarify the authority of the W. S. A. to been paid to beneficiaries on the assump Ws district. on important business. agree to a waiver of the statute of limita tion that the missing seamen were dead, -To Mr. RowE, for 10 days beginning tions in connection with claims arising but later are found to be alive. The bill October 8, on account of illness at home. from insurance agreements in case of follows a similar provision with respect SENATE BILLS REFERRED missing vessels, in order to provide for to recovery of benefits paid by the Vet prompt settlement of both marine risks erans' Administration. Bills of the Senate of the following and war risks involved. titles were taken from the Speaker's H. J. Res. 158. Joint resolution to establish H. R. 3258. A bill to prevent double recovery a Board of Visitors for the United States table and, under the rule, referred as fol on claims under section 1 (a) of Public Law Merchant Marine Academy. . lows: 17, Seventy-eighth Congress, relating to sea S. 763. An act amending the Selective men employed by the United States through The purpose of the resolution is to Training and Service Act of 1940, as amended, the War Shipping Administration. provide for a Board of Visitors to the and for other purposes; to the Committee on United States Merchant Marine Acad Military Affairs. The purpose of the bill is to limit the emy similar to that provided for the S. 1410. An act to amend section 4 of the possibility of double or overlapping re United States Coast Guard Academy. act approved June 13, 1940; to the Commit covery on account of death or injury of tee on Military Affairs. seamen employed as employees of the H. J. Res. 161. Joint. resolution to provide cash awards to personnel of the Maritime ADJOURNMENT United States by theW. S. A. ·The possi Commission and the War Shipping Admin bility of such overlapping recovery arises Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I move istration for useful suggestions to improve in cases of seamen who· are entitled to administration of their activities. that the House do now adjourn. sue under the law of the United States The motion was agreed to; accordingly in case of death or injury and may also The purpose of the resolution is to enactment of House bill 2082, known as the zens, protestillg against the passage of House yet, seeing Him who is invisible1 won