ISSUE No. 50 Spring 2008

IN THIS ISSUE New Orleans Convention New Orleans Convention...... 1 November 15-18, 2007 ACS Meeting...... 2 The AAASS National Conventions are very large gatherings. They bring experts from a variety of fields of study and from all over this country, the Croatian Dinner...... 2 continent, and the world. In spite of the fact that the conventions are large, they are compartmentalized according to disciplines, regions of interest, Convention 2008...... 2 gender and ethnic studies, and various other categories, so participants do not Panels...... 2-6 feel overwhelmed by the size of the gathering. True, catching an elevator ride between sessions is a challenge! ACS Members & Friends...... 7-8

Thank You…………………...... 9 G.S. of Croatian Studies……...… 9

ZSEM...... 9-10

In Memoriam…………………...10 Journals…………………………11

Book Reviews & Books….....11-15

Membership Dues...... 16

ASSOCIATION FOR CROATIAN STUDIES The ACS is a professional organization M. Lolić, J. Kraljić, T. Kuzmanović, I. Šoljan, S. Štetić, A. Čuvalo, A. Vidan, M. Allen, V. Nazor, M. Jareb dedicated to the advancement of scholarly studies related to and Judging from the number and quality of sessions, well over 1,000 the Croatians. The ACS was founded participants, book exhibits and other activities, we can say that the New in 1977 and it is affiliated with the Orleans convention was a success, especially when one considers what the American Association for the city went through just a couple of years earlier and that some doubted if New Advancement of Orleans was even ready for such an event. But the city has recovered (AAASS). surprisingly well, at least its core. The Association for Croatian Studies (ACS), that is, its members, was an Officers: Ante Čuvalo—President active participant in the convention, as it has been in all AAASS national Jasna Meyer—Vice-President Ivan Runac—Secretary conventions in the last 30 years. A number of interesting panels were Aida Vidan—Treasurer organized by ACS members or they participated in panels that touched upon Bulletin Editor: Nancy Crenshaw Croatian issues. Our panels were well-attended and the participants did a great job. Thanks to all for your dedication and effort, especially to those AMERICAN ASSOCIATION who came from Europe. Summaries of some of our panels and/or FOR THE ADVANCEMENT presentations are published in this issue of the Bulletin. OF SLAVIC STUDIES There is, however, one presentation we should unfortunately mention. Namely, that of Rory Yeomans’ from University College, London. Briefly, The AAASS represents scholarship in he promotes the notion that Croats are obsessed by the cult of death and the field of Russian, Central Eurasian, parallels them with Al-Qaeda; that they welcomed King Aleksandar’s Central and East European studies. The association has twenty-eight affiliates dictatorship; that Yugoslavism was a noble idea, and that it is a shame the that are concerned with particular country fell apart, and similar nonsense. Obviously, this young man is topics, areas, or peoples within the obsessed by his hatred of Croats and his “scholarship” is full of bigotry. field. The AAASS publishes the Annual Meeting quarterly journal Slavic Review. The ACS annual meeting took place on Friday, November 16, immediately http://www.aaass.org after the panel on the constitution of . There were

Bulletin of the Association for Croatian Studies – No. 50 Spring 2008 1

close to 20 people at the meeting. The of the restaurant. They made a special PRESENTATIONS AND president, Ante Čuvalo, and treasurer, trip to be with us that evening. We PANELS AT THE NEW Aida Vidan, gave their annual reports, thank them for their hospitality. One ORLEANS CONVENTION both of which were well-received. is pleasantly surprised, even amazed, Panel Summary: “Light Musical The association is fulfilling its at how many people in the city know Theater in the Southern Slavic mission as an affiliate of the AAASS. about the Cvitanović family, and how Lands of the Habsburg Monarchy, There is a spirit of confidence and esteemed the family is in the 1860-1918” cooperation among the members. The community for their exceptional The panel “Light Musical Theater in treasury is stable, thanks to those who generosity, especially during the the Southern Slavic Lands of the have paid their annual dues and to the Katrina hurricane, when they fed tens Habsburg Monarchy, 1860-1918” generosity of a few donors. The bi- of thousands of hungry people without took place on Saturday afternoon, annual election for ACS officers will asking anything in return. We are November 17. The three papers take place in November 2008, during proud of them! When you are in New th moved from a general overview of the 40 national convention in Orleans, don’t miss Drago’s! popular musical theater in the Philadelphia. http://www.dragosrestaurant.com/ Southern Slavic Habsburg lands to a The main part of the meeting was regional case study and finally to the devoted to the discussion and sharing Next Convention work of an individual creator with of ideas concerning panels for the The next, that is the 40th National South Slavic connections. Prof. Dr. next convention. Panel proposals for Convention of the AAASS, will be Stanislav Tuksar (Academy of the Philadelphia convention had to be held at the Philadelphia Marriott in Music, University of ) began submitted by mid-January and, as far Philadelphia, from Thursday, as we know, a number of submissions November 20 through Sunday, dealing with Croatia and the Croatians November 23, 2008. Room have been sent to the convention rates are $160.00 and graduate program committee. We do hope that students $99.00 per night. all or most of them will be accepted. Make your reservations on The results will be known in the near time. Philadelphia Marriott, future. 1201 Market Street, Croatian Dinner Philadelphia, PA 19107; 1-215- The traditional “Croatian Dinner” was 625-2900; 1-800-320-5744. an exceptional event this year. It took place on November 17 at the famous New Editor of the ACS Drago’s Seafood Restaurant, a Bulletin splendid restaurant with “Croatian I am delighted to announce that a new member of the ACS, Nancy Crenshaw, readily and graciously accepted my suggestion to the session with “Between Centers be the editor of the Bulletin. She is a and Peripheries: An Overview of freelance writer and editor. Our bi- Light Musical Theater in the Slavic annual publication is in good hands. South of the Habsburg Monarchy, In preparation for this issue, I helped 1860-1918.” Tuksar discussed by asking all of you to submit news popular musical theater genres in and other information about your Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, work, and by writing reports, news, Vojvodina (Serbia), and Croatian and announcements, while Nancy provinces, showing the various edited the submitted material and she musical theatrical influences—both style and New Orleans flavor.” This has put this issue of the Bulletin foreign and domestic—in each of is the second and new Drago’s together. She does not know any of these areas. He argued that this Restaurant, located in the Hilton New you personally, so please welcome repertory was for the most part not Orleans. Twenty-five ACS members Nancy and from now on e-mail her all directly used as artistic propaganda and friends joined this wonderful contributions to the Bulletin. Nancy’s for musical nationalisms but rather event at which, along with exceptional home address is: 931 Huebinger Dr., was conceived as entertainment for food and excellent wines, they could Glenwood Springs, CO 81601; the emerging lower middle class. Dr. renew friendships, meet new people, [email protected]. Nancy, Vjera Katalinić (Croatian Academy discuss their work in progress, or welcome to the ACS and a big thanks of Sciences and Arts) followed with simply celebrate life and its blessings. for your help! — Ante her paper “Light Musical Theater in It was an honor to meet, or for Slavonia,” in which she detailed the some to see again, Drago and Klara change from aristocratic patronage for Cvitanović, the founders and owners musical theater, including that of the

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Prandau and Pejačević families, to the ones (both Serbian and probably Zagreb” explored southeastern public and town initiatives that took Hungarian). Europe as a crossroads of different place in Osijek. Katalinić also 3) Light music theatre was for influences—cultural, religious, described the linguistic shift that took the most part not directly used in political, literary, economic, and place as musical performances in artistic propaganda for the cause of linguistic. The discussion focused on German and sometimes Hungarian the South-Slavic musical the ways in which this area has been gave way to ones in Croatian. Dr. nationalisms. It served mainly as able to preserve its own traditions William A. Everett (University of entertainment for the emerging lower over the centuries, while at the same Missouri-Kansas City) presented the middle class, thus fulfilling many time absorbing in a cosmopolitan third paper on the session, “From more social than ideological aims, the manner elements from both Split to Vienna: The Legacy of Franz latter ones being supplied by opera, neighboring and distant societies. The von Suppé.” Although Suppé was choir and solo song repertoires for all chair, Pamela Balinger (Bowdoin born in Split and raised in , he social strata except peasants. College), opened the roundtable with was not Croatian, but rather from an 4) All forms of light music her comments on the multicultural Austrian family of Belgian descent. theatre produced by local South Slavic area of Trieste, while the first Suppé is best remembered as one of composers, from international participant, Tomislav Longinović the earliest creators of Viennese operetta to local variants of “pieces (University of Wisconsin-Madison) operettas. Everett discussed Suppé’s with singing,” in most cases used focused in his presentation on the opera Des Matrosen Heimkehr (Of the stories based on regional or national influx of the Chinese population in Sailor’s Homecoming, 1885), which social or historical topics, and Belgrade and the ways its presence is is set on the island of Hvar and included songs based on folk tunes, becoming visible in this city. Aida includes allusions to several thus indirectly serving the national Vidan (Harvard University) spoke Dalmatian musical idioms in the cause. about politics and theater in 15th score. Dr. Sarah A. Kent (University 5) Except for the Croat Ivan century Dubrovnik with an emphasis of Wisconsin-Stevens Point) was the Zajc and the -born Franz von on Marin Držić whose 500th birth discussant and emphasized the Suppé of Belgian origins, owing to the anniversary we celebrate this year. commonalities regarding the notions fact that they were personally active Emily Balić (Stanford University) of “light” and “popular” in the three in Vienna, no other light music theatre spoke about the role Muratbegović's papers. composer from the South Slavic theater played in the 1941 occupied William A. Everett regions succeeded in any of the major Sarajevo and the criticism it received centres of the Habsburg Empire. as both too oriental and too Stanislav Tuksar, Music Academy, There is no specific reason for this progressive, while the last participant, University of Zagreb, Croatia, phenomenon within the genre itself: Gordana Crnković (University of “Between Centres and Peripheries: the same happened with all other Washington—Seattle), investigated An Overview of Light Musical musical forms and genres – opera, Zagreb as one of the centers of the Theater in the Slavic South of the orchestral and chamber music, vocal avant-garde in the early part of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1860-1918.” and solo instrumental music. The 20th century, commented on its Summary—Conclusions great centres (Vienna, Budapest, socialist period, and contrasted these 1) Contemporary light music Prague) emanated and dictated styles earlier periods with the current theatre gained ground in the Slovenian and fashions and no reciprocal process situation. The roundtable generated a and Croatian parts of the southern occurred. However, looking at the lively discussion which involved most territories of the Habsburg Empire micro-plan of the South-Slavic members of the audience. during the period 1860-1918. For regions themselves, a nucleus of Vojvodina this is only partially true, interchangeability existed: theatrical Ambassador Muhamed and Bosnia and Herzegovina did not troops gave sporadic guest Sacirbey: “A Progressive fit into this new cultural pattern. The performances in regional centres (for Regression, the Case of BiH’s relative level of emergence depended example, those from in Constitution” upon the quality and duration of the Zagreb, those from Zagreb in The “Dayton previous theatrical opera buffa/opéra Ljubljana, etc.), but linguistic reasons Constitution” comique/Singspiel tradition, which and, later, rival politics limited these for Bosnia and socially, psychologically and plans. Herzegovina culturally enabled or prevented its has become presence in a more modern form. Panel Summary: “Between regressive 2) Croatian and Slovenian Traditionalism and rather than cultural circles staged both Cosmopolitanism: Belgrade, progressive in international and national light music Dubrovnik, Sarajevo, Zagreb” its effect on the development of the theatre works, while the circle in The roundtable “Between country as well as the state’s capacity Vojvodina produced only national Traditionalism and Cosmopolitanism: to harmonize legal and institutional Belgrade, Dubrovnik, Sarajevo, framework for integration into the

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Euro-Atlantic family. The Dayton effort at legitimizing and permanently divided protectorate of Accords did help deliver peace. institutionalizing genocide rather than the international community. However, the Dayton Accords also a progressive effort. suffer from the lack of legitimacy. 6) Those who cite the Dayton Vjeran Pavlaković The process itself that led Bosnia and Accords as a constant foundation are A young Herzegovina, from 1992-95, to either those promoting the regressive scholar and an Dayton was largely a progressive tide in BiH or those who have linked ACS member, regression. personal and political legacies with Dr. Vjeran The peace brought about in part the process. Pavlaković has by the Dayton Accords cannot be 7) The selective and inadequate had several challenged. Neither can the implementation of the Accords’ most presentations at sovereignty or territorial integrity of progressive provisions, from refugee the end of BiH, which was founded in 1992 and return to an open and reintegrated 2007. before. It is the regressive provisions society, only further exposes the “Flirting with Fascism: World of the Accords that keep BiH at risk fundamental failures of this process. War Two Commemorations in from external and internal challenges Similarly, BiH’s current constitutional Croatia Since 1990” (October 24, to democratic and open society and framework has left one ethnic group 2007, University of Arizona) The inefficiencies. To move forward, it is feeling marginalized and encouraged collapse of communism in Eastern necessary to examine the appeals to ethnic chauvinism, or the Europe and 's violent methodology that brought BiH and its lowest common denominator. disintegration in the early 1990s citizens to the current crossroads: As then Foreign Minister and awakened the ghosts of World War 1) While BiH does have an participant, I’ve withdrawn my Two, sparking a debate which extended history of a multicultural signature to the Dayton Accords. The continues to influence politics and the society, it does not have a lengthy past next generation of leaders societies of the Yugoslav successor embedded in democracy and the rule representing BiH’s Bosniaks, Serbs, states. The legacy, collective memory, of law. The lack of legitimacy of other Croats and others working toward a and reinterpretation of the World War “Communist/Soviet” era constitutions progressive future must be set free Two past had a significant impact on also affected all the states of the from the indulgences of the past to the conflict that engulfed Croatia from former Yugoslavia and their genocide and hegemony and failures 1991 to 1995, particularly in regards legal/institutional infrastructure. to uphold constitutional principles to Serb-Croat relations. This 2) The Dayton/Paris Accords consistent with Euro-Atlantic presentation examines how the reinforced the regressive old integration as well as BiH’s divided memory of World War Two methodologies rather than placing multiethnic tradition. in Croatia is perpetuated during BiH and its people on a fresh annual commemorations (and counter- progressive track. Tomislav Kuzmanović: “Dayton: commemorations) of both the 3) Maybe it was a choice A Blueprint to End the War, Not antifascist and fascist past, including between lesser evils in 1995, but why a Blueprint for a Viable Modern the use of controversial political cling to the regressive now? The Multi-Ethnic European State” symbols, ideological constructions of Dayton Constitution was mostly a Tomislav Kuzmanović argues that the public space, role in contemporary product of concessions made to Dayton Constitution needs substantial politics, and consequences for post- neighboring state(s), particularly revision or even elimination. It has war reconciliation. Belgrade’s strongman Slobodan created so many competing powers Milošević. These concessions were that an efficient, centralized “Unwanted Justice: Public more at the expense of a functional, government in Bosnia-Herzegovina is democratic and pluralistic BiH rather Attitudes Towards War Crimes virtually impossible. If the country is Tribunals in Croatia, Serbia, than compromises between ethnic to remain whole, the ethnically based groups. and Bosnia” (November 5, 2007, entities need to be dissolved and the Sweet Briar College) 4) The U.S. and European individual citizen needs to have a representatives who led the talks in In addition to the goals of achieving vested interest in the political future justice for the victims of horrible war Dayton made regressive concessions, of the country. The mind-set must including the betrayals of Srebrenica crimes and seeking to deter future change from war-time thinking to that instances of ethnic cleansing, the and Zepa as well as shared pluralistic of nation-building. As the minority and democratic values for expediency International Criminal Tribunal for group in Bosnia-Herzegovina, he the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) aspired to gain the blessing of the most states that the Croatians are in the best powerful, but those mostly to foster reconciliation in the region position to design constitutional devastated by the conflict of the responsible for ethnic models that guarantee full and equal cleansing/genocide. 1990s. However, increasingly the rights for all. If there are no people of the Yugoslav successor 5) The Dayton Accords, substantial changes to the Dayton era therefore, become understood as an states, even in those countries which constitution, Bosnia risks becoming a initially supported the creation of the Bulletin of the Association for Croatian Studies – No. 50 Spring 2008 4

tribunal, have become disillusioned 1936-1939” (November 15, 2007, entitled “Tobolsk at Gvozd 23: The with the ICTY's work. The tribunal's AAASS annual conference) Third Way” provided an outline of lack of credibility seriously threatens Both the right-wing and communist Krleža’s nonconformist political and to undermine the work it has achieved press in Croatia closely followed the literary views in various parts of his so far. Many indicted war criminals events of the Spanish Civil War in the career; Margaret Beissinger remain heroes among the local late 1930s. While the leading Croatian (Princeton University) who populations, and issues of conflicting political force, the Croatian Peasant investigated one of Krleža’s principal historical narratives, EU expansion Party, took a passive stance on the novels as a wonder tale grotesquely policies, and great power continue to conflict in distant Spain, radical pro- turned upside down in her paper affect the work of the ICTY beyond fascist and pro-communist movements “Mothers, Mistresses, and the Quest the judicial sphere. This presentation in Croatia sought to draw lessons for Meaning: A Gendered Reading of shows the political ramifications of from the increasingly The Return of Philip Latinovicz,” and the ICTY in Croatia, Serbia, and internationalized civil war, which Gordana Crnković (University of Bosnia, and explains some reasons seemed to offer a "model" for Washington, Seattle) who spoke on why it is perceived so negatively in resolving the so-called the region. Furthermore, this provides Croatian question in an insight into the current political Yugoslavia. Many situation in the former Yugoslavia, Croatian nationalists and and the difficulties these societies members of the Croatian have in coming to terms with the Catholic Church, recent past. including individuals and organizations which “Eye of the Storm: The ICTY, would later support the Commemorations, and Ustasha regime, hoped Contested Histories of Croatia's for a victory by General Homeland War” (November 14, Franco's Nationalists, 2007, Woodrow Wilson International who were openly backed Center for Scholars) by Nazi Germany and State rituals and war commemorations fascist Italy. This presentation looks at “Rationalities and Communities in On serve not only to remember the past, how one battle, the siege of the the Edge of Reason,” and the question but to construct a historical narrative Alcazar fortress, was presented in the of truthfulness and logic in this novel. that serves contemporary political Croatian press, and how parallels The chair of this panel was Andrew purposes. Twelve years after were made with episodes from Wachtel (Northwestern University), Operation Storm (Oluja), the annual Croatia's history to generate support while the discussant was Aida Vidan holiday observance of that defining for the Nationalist cause. (Harvard University). battle in Croatia's Homeland War (1991-1995) highlights the sharp “Miroslav Krleža: On the Edge Panel “Croatian Latinists, Cross- divisions and contested narratives of of Epochs” Cultural Exchanges” recent history. Even as the wounds of The panel entitled “Miroslav Krleža: The Association for Croatian Studies the 1990s continue to heal, and On the Edge of Epochs,” explored the sponsored a well-attended panel on political and economic cooperation role of this Croatian writer as a non- Saturday, November 17th, "Croatian increases in the region, contrasting conformist both in his literary works Latinists, Cross-Cultural Exchanges," Croatian and Serbian perceptions (and and political engagement. As Marijan at the Annual Conference of the commemorations) of Operation Storm Despalatović (Connecticut College) American Association for the and the Homeland War more broadly put it: Regarded by Croats as pro- Advancement of Slavic Studies. threaten the postwar reconciliation. Serbian, by Serbs as a fervent Croat, Chaired by Ante Čuvalo (Joliet This presentation examines how the by nationalists as a Marxist, and by Junior College), the panel included political rituals associated with the the Communists as a suspicious papers by Ivo Šoljan (Grand Valley Homeland War serve to define recent intellectual who never joined or State University), “Croatian Latinists Croatian history, while supported the Partisan cause, Krleža in the European Latinist Mainstream simultaneously being challenged by was accused by the clergy of being an (Motives, Themes, Images) – A versions written in Belgrade, and, atheist and by the bourgeoisie as Semiotic Survey” and Marta arguably, at The Hague through someone who was to be blamed for Mestrovic Deyrup (Seton Hall indictments of Croatian generals. everything. The purpose of this panel University) “Croatian Latinists and was to show these clashes through an Italian University Culture." Note: Dr. “The Ustashe are Marching on investigation of selected works by Fred Booth (Chair, Classics him, a goal which was successfully Department, Seton Hall University) is Madrid: The Croatian Right preparing an annotated, English-Latin Wing and the Spanish Civil War, obtained through the presentations of Marijan Despalatović whose paper reader of Croatian humanist writers

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1991. With his degrees Ghosts: POW/MIA Accounting and (B.A.—Sarajevo, M. Phil— National Ideology”) at the annual Nottingham, England, and meeting of the Society for the Ph.D.—Belgrade, former Anthropology of North America. Yugoslavia), he has also Tomislav Kuzmanović frequently researched, Tomislav is a partner in the presented, and published in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin office of the field of , law firm Hinshaw & Culbertson LLP. particularly poetry. A member He concentrates his practice on of AAASS, the Croatian various civil Academy in America and, of litigation, recently, ACS, Soljan has including participated in numerous commercial, for Classics and Slavic Studies Slavic conferences and symposia. He construction students at U.S. universities. For more participated in the Dayton Accords of and information about the book contact 1995, as a US State Department international either Mestrovic Deyrup contractor. His special interest is law. He ([email protected]) or Booth translating Croatian poetry into obtained his ([email protected]). English. Married, with two children, BA (1985) Lada, 33 of Den Haag, Netherlands, and JD (1988) Ivo Šoljan - “Croatian Latinists in and Tonko, 27, of New York, he lives, from the the European Latinist Mainstream with his wife Vinka, in Grand Haven, University of Wisconsin-Madison, (Motives, Themes, Images) – A Michigan. majoring as an undergraduate in Semiotic Survey” Michael Eoghan Allen Journalism and Political Science. He Ivo’s paper stressed an amazing Michael is a student in the was senior managing editor of the presence of Croatian Latinists on the Anthropology Department at George Wisconsin International Law Journal, general European Latinist “stage” in Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. which published his article: “The the course of the three great Latinist He plans to pursue a Ph.D. in Artuković Case: Do the Means Justify centuries (15th to 17th centuries), anthropology with a dissertation that the End?” in 1988. He has tried cases amazing especially in view of the dire will focusing on the environmental before the International Criminal political situation in the Croatian and cultural consequences of Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia lands of that period. The paper landmines and humanitarian demining (ICTY). Tomislav is a frequent writer enumerates and shortly analyzes some in Croatia and Western BiH. He and speaker on topics related to of the most prominent names who comes from a military background. international law, Croatia and Bosnia- were very actively present in the Among other duties, he served as a Herzegovina. He is admitted to political, ecclesiastical, and cultural Russian, Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, practice law in Wisconsin, in federal life of the European West of the time, and Bulgarian translator and courts throughout the country and the some of them in Italy and even on the interpreter in the U.S. Military from U.S. Supreme Court. Croatian Adriatic coast, barely 1986-2006. He also served (2000- Nancy Crenshaw surviving the huge Ottoman 2006) as a staff research analyst and Nancy has worked for four years as a onslaught, some at the Hungarian field investigator for the Joint U.S.- free-lance editor and part time writer. court, some in the Northern Protestant Russia Presidential Commission on She lives with her husband and two centers, and some of them even as far POWs and MIAs. He has conducted dogs in the mountains of Colorado. as England. The paper identifies and extensive archival research and field discusses some of the most prominent investigations throughout Russia, motives, themes, and images that Ukraine, Slovenia, Germany, Croatia, ACS MEMBERS NEWS AND clearly place the works of these Bosnia-Herzegovina, Hungary, as ACTIVITIES Croatian Latinists in the larger context well as the United States. of the general European Latinism. He is a member of the AAASS, Romana Capek-Habekovic and ACS, American Anthropological Sandra Palaich NEW MEMBERS Association, Anthropology and Romana Capek-Habekovic and Ivo Šoljan Environment Section, Society for the Sandra Palaich, professors of Italian Dr. Ivo Soljan, born in 1947 in Split, Anthropology of Religion, Society for Language at the University of Croatia, Professor of English at Grand the Anthropology of Consciousness, Michigan, have published a textbook Valley State University since 1991, American Academy of Religion, taught English Literature, primarily SOYUZ, and the Association for of Italian language and culture for Renaissance Studies and Shakespeare Jewish Studies. third-year university-level students. at the Faculty of Philosophy of the In April of this year, Michael will Parola a te! Boston: Cengage, 2009. University of Sarajevo from 1972 to present a paper (“America’s Unquiet 400 pages. Congratulations to the

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authors! Sandra is a member of the cities have in common that they (International Council for Traditional ACS. suddenly rose in the decades before Music) World Conference, held in Sally Kent World War I as a main naval port of Vienna, July 4-11, 2007. She also Sally has published a book chapter, their empires. The group was well gave a class lecture, "Khelipe-oro and “State Ritual and Ritual Parody; accommodated in a hostel in Puntizela Cocek: Continuities and Changes of Croatian Student near Pula. The week comprised a one- Romani Dance in Macedonia," held in Protest and the day conference with teachers and Department of World Arts and Limits of students from Pula University, much Cultures, UCLA, November 14, 2007. Loyalty at the sightseeing within Pula, including Together with Adrienne L. End of the visits to the famous military cemetery Kaeppler, Elsie edited a major Nineteenth and some fortifications from the resource book for dance, entitled Century," in Austro-Hungarian period, and Dance Structures: Perspectives on the Daniel L. excursions to Rovinj and Poreč, to Analysis of Human Movement, Gábor Unowsky and Laurence Cole, eds., Pazin und Motovun, and to Brijuni. Barna (series editor), Studies in The Limits of Loyalty: Imperial All students enjoyed the marvelous Ethnology 3. Budapest, Académia Symbolism, Popular Allegiances, and monuments and the landscape and Kiadó; Hungarian National Cultural State Patriotism in the Late Habsburg appreciated the friendliness of the Fund; Institute for Musicology of the Monarchy, New York: Berghahn, people. Hungarian Academy of Sciences; 2007. Elsie Ivancich Dunin Department of Ethnology and Cultural Michael E. Allen Elsie Ivancich Dunin, Professor Anthropology, University of Szeged. Michael is entering a Emerita (Dance Sixteen authors from thirteen Ph.D. program in Ethnology), countries are presented in the book. anthropology this UCLA. Dance year. His planned Research Advisor Sabrina P. Ramet dissertation topic is (honorary role), Sabrina has edited a book entitled The the environmental Institute of Independent State of Croatia, 1941- and cultural Ethnology and 45. London: Routlege, 2007. 113 consequences of land Folklore pages. The book is a reprint of a mines and Research, Zagreb, special issue (December 2006) of the humanitarian Croatia, has been demining in Croatia very active, as and western BiH. Meanwhile, he will always. present a paper at the annual meeting Elsie presented the following of the Society for the Anthropology of papers: “The Moreska Dance/drama North America this April. The title of on the Island of Korcula (Croatia)" at his paper is "America's Unquiet the conference on Performance and Ghosts: POW/MIA Accounting and Performers in the Eastern National Ideology." Mediterranean: 11th-18th Centuries, Ludwig Steindorff held at Bogizici University, Istanbul, Ludwig Steindorff from Kiel June 7-9, 2007. "Cocek in Macedonia, University in Germany led a group of 1967-2007, a Forty-year Overview" at almost thirty students to Istria in May the conference on the Balkan journal Totalitarian Movements and 2007. The one week excursion was Peninsula as a Musical Crossroads, Political Religions. In addition to prepared during sponsored by SOKOM (Composers' Sabrina’s introduction, the book also a course about Association of Macedonia), held in includes chapters by Stanley G. the theme "Kiel Struga, Macedonia, September 20-23, Payne, Ivo Goldstein, Mark Biondich, and Pula—Two 2007. "Feminine Perspectives and Mario Jareb, and Nada Kisić- Naval Ports." Challenges in Research of Male- Kolanović, as well as a set of short The beginning dominated Sword Dances and Ritual biographies of personalities connected of these cities Contexts." at conference Suoni Donne with Croatia during the war years and was very Culture: Giornate di Studio per Elsa also a bibliography with readings in different: Pula Guggino, held in Palermo, Sicily, Croatian, English, German, and disposes of Italy, October 25-27, 2007. Italian. The book is scheduled to roots in She participated on the panel "La appear in an expanded edition, in antiquity; Kiel, Petite Tonkinoise: A Widespread Croatian translation, later this year. now the capital of the German land Music and Dance Virus," organized Schleswig-Holstein, is a and chaired by Tvrtko Zebec of the comparatively young city which was Institute of Ethnology and Folklore founded only about 1235. But both Research, held at the ICTM's Bulletin of the Association for Croatian Studies – No. 50 Spring 2008 7

Wayles Browne, Cornell scholarly conferences, as well as parts recently published in the volume “A University that appear for the first time. Song for Europe: Popular Music and A luxuriantly illustrated new book, A. The author's interest spans from the Politics in the Eurovision Song Durman, ed. Stotinu hrvatskih second half of the nineteenth century Contest,” edited by Ivan Raykoff and arheoloških nalazišta (Leksikografski to contemporary history, with a focus Robert Deam Tobin. Aldershot, zavod, Zagreb 2006) has now on the role of the Catholic Church in Hampshire, and Burlington, VT: appeared in English translation by Bosnia and Herzegovina. The books Ashgate, 2007. Theresa Alt and ACS member Wayles examines the role and significance of Browne as One Hundred Croatian the first Archbishop of Sarajevo, Josip Tatjana Lorković Archeological Sites (also published Stadler, as well as that of the Tatjana Lorkovic became a proud by the Leksikografski zavod, Zagreb Archbishop Ivan Šarić, who left the grandmother for the third time. 2007). The country at the end of World War II. Marko same team The author takes a closer look at some Lorkovic translated the other important people of Bosnian was born to introductory history, such as Ivo Pilar and Petar her son material by Rogulja, or at those who have paid Ivan and Tonko considerable attention to that land, his wife Maroević; for such as Josip Frank, Frano Supilo, Ivo Clare a monograph Lendić, and others. The author Kimblin on on the late explores the vicissitudes of Bosnian August 3, Hvar/Zagreb history during the first half of the 2007. They artist Jakov Bratanić; (Naklada Zadro, twentieth century through the fate of live in Santa Barbara, California. The Zagreb 2005). Another translation of the Croat cultural society "Napredak" two other grandchildren are Adrian theirs, Milan Šufflay's The Serbs and in a small Bosnia town, and Emma Burke, children of her the Albanians: Their Symbiosis in Duvno/Tomislavgrad. An article daughter Maja Lorkovic and David the Middle Ages, is still waiting to be about the role of the priest association Burke, who live in New York By the published. Browne also revised the "Dobri pastir" is also in the book. This way, did you know that her son chapter “Serbo-Croat: Bosnian, article at the time of its first Radoslav is a well-known musician? Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian” publication elicited reactions from Google his name! Congratulations for the new edition of B. Comrie, ed., some of the Franciscan fathers in and best wishes from the ACS The World's Major Languages Bosnia and author's responses, which members to Tatjana and her family. (Routledge, to appear 2008). are also presented in the book. Furthermore, Tatjana had a Finally, a critical review of Ivan lecture in Toronto on February 15, Džafer Kulenović Lovrenović's book about the Croats in 2008 titled “Slavic collections in the Džafer has become the Chief Credit Bosnia and Herzegovina is reprinted USA: History, development and Officer/SVP at Delaware Place Bank in the book. At the end of the book the current state of the arts.” in downtown Chicago. Naturally, if author presents several documents, This very successful event was you have any needs in the banking mostly unknown, a selected organized and sponsored by the area, let him know! bibliography, and an index of personal Toronto chapter of AMAC, which is a names. very active cultural organization in Jure Krišto that part of Canada. A new book, Riječ je o Bosni: Dean Vuletić Zagreb: Golden Marketing, 2008. After having conducted his research in Jim Sadkovich and Maria Spirova In anticipation of the several European archives, including On Fabruary 2, 2008, a beautiful baby 100th anniversary of ones in Croatia, girl, Lara Frieda Rossitsa, was born to the annexation of Dean Vuletić is Maria Spirova and Jim Sadkovich. Bosnia and currently Congratulation to the happy parents! Herzegovina by the working on his At the present time, they live in Austro-Hungarian dissertation at Leiden, Netherlands. Monarchy, the editor Columbia of the series "Studia University. It is Web Users and Enthusiasts Croatica" at Golden Marketing titled “The In case you didn't Publishing House urged Jure Krišto, a Poser of know, Mime Čuvalo member of the ACS, to collect his Nonalignment: has developed a writings on different aspects of the Popular Music and the Cultural Cold highly acclaimed history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. War in Yugoslavia, 1945-1961.” His extension for Firefox. The book consists of articles that have chapter “The Socialist Star: His program FireFTP already been published in various Yugoslavia, Cold War Politics and the has been translated books and journals or presented at Eurovision Song Contest” was into numerous languages and is used

Bulletin of the Association for Croatian Studies – No. 50 Spring 2008 8

by millions of people. Extension to: elisabeth.von-erdmann@uni- prestige of this country. The choice of users, if you haven't done so, try it out bamberg.de. Croatia as theme country for this here: http://fireftp.mozdev.org/. You The Society of Croatian Studies year’s Leipzig Book Fair and the can also check out his other project, primarily aims at fostering accompanying promotion of Croatian an online music database called The Rock Hard Times, communication between those in literature and culture in German http://www.trht.net/. Mime works for Germany who have a professional translation YouTube/Google in San Francisco. interest in topical issues as well as in could academic research related to Croatia, provide the Correction at maintaining contacts with foreign basis for an In Bulletin #47/48, page 12, in countries, and at providing enhanced the section “In Memoriam,” it information on current developments interest in reads: General William in the area of Croatian Studies and on this culture. Patton; it should read: General their leading exponents. The Society Within a George S. Patton. therefore wishes to distinguish itself network of as a platform for both individuals and experts in

institutions professionally involved in Croatian Studies, projects of some THANK YOU! We are thankful to all the members Croatian Studies. Apart from that, it members such as conference who have paid their dues and also to generally works towards providing proceedings and textbooks published all who have donated even small support and a site of discussion for on the internet, a recently issued those institutions wishing to present German-Croatian dictionary Croatian topics. (Njemačko-hrvatski univerzalni We hope that improved rječnik, ed. by Renate Hansen- communication, presentation and Kokoruš, Josip Matešić and others), information will stimulate and etc. can enhance their public profile coordinate and their effect on readers. • discussion of Croatian issues The website of the Society aims in Germany, at establishing and strengthening this • an awareness for this field of network of information and research and its appeal, communication about topics, issues amounts to the ACS treasury. We are • interest among students, and activities currently relevant in the especially thankful to Louise and • activities in the area of field of Croatian Studies. It also Steve Bubalo, pictured above, a well- translation, wishes to provide a platform for those known Croatian business family from • the organization of interested in contacting experts Los Angeles, for their generosity. working in this area. Their recent donation will keep our conferences and events with an treasury safe and sound for now. academic or cultural profile,

• the establishment of contacts, • research and publications in Zagreb School of German Society of Croatian the field of the Croatian culture, Economics and Studies literature, and language. Management (ZSEM) In 2007, the German Society of Above all we wish to establish a ZSEM is a private higher education Croatian Studies was founded in forum where achievements in institution established in 1995. At Berlin, Germany. Croatian Studies in Germany can be present, it has over 1,000 undergraduate students and the school This organization is chaired by presented and discussed. Our intention has opened an MBA program as well. Professor Dr. Elisabeth von Erdmann is to enable those involved in the Dr. Joseph Bombelles, the ACS’ (Chair of Slavonic study of Croatia to demonstrate their former president and professor Literatures/University of Bamberg, activities and their contacts with emeritus from John Carroll University pictured far right). The first general partners both in Germany and abroad was one of its founders. ZSEM is a meeting will take place in May 2008. in a coordinated, informative and partner with John Carroll University’s A website is currently under attractive manner. School of Business. For more construction: www.kroatistik.de. All We are hoping that this will bring information see http://www.zsem.hr/ persons interested in Croatian Studies into focus the role that Croatia can The following article appeared in Crain’s Cleveland Business on are welcome to address their questions play in southeastern Europe and in January 25, 2008. “John Carroll Europe and thereby enhance the

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Partners with Zagreb School in University of Toronto. After retiring the Slavic field.” Croatia” by Shannon Mortland from his engineering career, he started “We should all be grateful to John Carroll University’s Boler to supply universities and public Radovan for distributing Croatian School of Business has signed a deal libraries in both Canada and the U.S. books in Canada and the U.S., thus to partner with the Zagreb School of with books printed in Croatia, Bosnia spreading information on Croatian Economics and Management in and Herzegovina, and Albania. He culture and history,” writes Dr. Banko Croatia to expand international became a member of ACS in 2004. Franulić. education initiatives. Under the Radovan enjoyed his Our condolences to Barbara and membership in the ACS and his the Matanić family. participation in supplying literature and materials on behalf of Croatia. Theodore Božidar Ivanuš He was active in doing so in his (1916-2007) business for 10 years. He started as a Professor Emeritus of the University vendor but expanded his activity to of Notre Dame, a member of the ACS, include consulting. He loved his work and well-known Croatian American, and his clients. Because of his Theodore B. honesty as a businessman, his Ivanuš, died on deal, the two schools also will intelligence, his creativity, and December 18, exchange economic and social exemplary human values, he was able 2007 in South research. “The deal solidifies an to build relationships within the Bend,Indiana. informal partnership between John community which enabled him to Theodore Carroll and Zagreb that has existed for distribute the best of Croatian culture. was born on at least five years,” said David This activity gave him tremendous March 15, 1916 LaGuardia, John Carroll’s academic gratification and actually made him a in Velika Gorica, vice president. happy man. near Zagreb, into “Zagreb was launched by Joseph The testimonies from his clients a well-known Croatian family. In Bombelles, who is a retired attest to this: "I appreciated all the 1934, he graduated from the First economics professor from John efforts that Radovan made for our Classical Gymnasium in Zagreb. In Carroll and who now serves as the library over the years. We frequently 1941, he earned a doctorate in Law chairman of Zagreb’s board of talked on the phone about new offers and also in Political Science. He was trustees,” Dr. LaGuardia said. “Before and publications, and it was always a one of the leading student activists at Zagreb opened in 1995, many great pleasure to talk with him. He the end of the 1930s and the President Croatian colleges were still modeled had wonderful energy and spirit, and of the Students’ Club of the School of after the communist education system, his calls would enliven the day. Law. Theodore also earned an M.A. but Dr. Bombelles wanted to open a Radovan will be greatly missed degree at the State Academy of Music school that mirrored John Carroll’s among his colleagues in Illinois and in Zagreb and was an accomplished Boler school. Zagreb has sent students around the world. We will never piano player. and professors to John Carroll during forget his kindness, his hard work, During and after World War II, the summer to take classes and learn and his sense of humor.”—Head of Theodore lived in Austria and more about the school, a practice that Slavic and East European Library Germany. He came to the United will continue,” said LaGuardia. Most And from another: “Radovan had States in 1952 and along with a likely, John Carroll will also send made a personal connection with me number of other Croatian post-war professors to Zagreb. as a vendor and as a senior advisor on immigrants, settled in Cleveland, Congratulations to Dr. Bombelles Croatian materials. I owe him a lot. Ohio. While working in various and other founders of ZSEM on their His smiling face, serious business factories as a physical worker, he successes. ethics and sincerity to help will be enrolled at Case Western University missed by me and others like me in in Cleveland and in 1956 he earned an IN MEMORIAM M.A. in Political Science and, in Radovan Matanić 1963, an M.L.S. in Library Science. Radovan Matanić died suddenly and At the same time, he was an active peacefully at his home in Toronto on member in the local Croatian Friday, February 8, 2008 with his community. He took an active part in loving wife Barbara at his side. establishing the Croatian Academic Radovan was a retired chemical Club, the Croatian radio program, and engineer. He graduated from the other cultural endeavors. University of Zagreb in 1963 where In 1963, Theodore joined the he obtained a degree in Engineering. Department of Government and In 1972 he received a Masters in International Studies at the University Chemical Engineering at the of Notre Dame. He was also an active

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member of the Institute for outstanding translators, to the English Political Epigraph and its Historical International Studies and the speaking world. Background.” Memorial Library. He taught courses The next issue of the journal (it will be Relja Seferović and Mara Stojan, “The on Government and Politics of East out toward the end of 2008) will be Miracle of Water: Prolegomena to the Central Europe, the former Soviet dedicated to one of the best Croatian writers, Vladan Desnica, along with a Early Renaissance Aqueduct of Union and International Communism. selection of contemporary Croatian Dubrovnik.” Theodore was instrumental in literature. Patricija Veramenta-Paviša. “Golubarda developing the International Pigeon-House in Čelopeci (Dubrovnik).” Resources Center and contributed Reviews greatly to the growth of International Studia lexicographica Nella Lonza. At the end of 2007, the first issue (284 Studies at the University of Notre Il Carteggio Marcovaldi (1401-1437) pages) of a new scientific journal, Studia Dame. Here he was also involved in nell' Archivio di Stato di Prato, ed. Paola the local Croatian community and, lexicographica, appeared in Zagreb. It is in the Croatian language. It is published Pinelli. [Quaderni delta Rassegna degli among other activities, Theodore was by the “Miroslav Krleža” Lexicographic Archivi di Stato, 106]. Roma: Ministero the director and conductor of the Institute. Its aim is to explore new per i beni culturali e ambientali, Croatian Glee Club “Preradović” in concepts and trends, as Dipertamento per i beni archivistici e Gary, Indiana. well as to contribute to librari, Direzione generate per gli archivi, Before his death, Theodore the knowledge and 2006. donated his rich library and archives understanding of Relja Seferović. to the Institute of Croatian History in lexicographic and Robert Holjevac, Ivan Stojković i njegovo encyclopedic writing Zagreb, to the Memorial Library of doba (u svjetlu borbe za jedinstvo Crkve i and publishing. Our the University of Notre Dame, and to carigradske misije) /Ivan Stojković and the Croatian Ethnic Institute in best wishes to the editors, contributors, his age (in the light of the struggle for the Chicago. and publisher in this worthy endeavor. union of the Churches and the Dr. Ivanuš married in 1970. His The first issue contains the following: Constantinople mission)/. Zagreb: wife Anne, an American-Croatian, I. Prologue - Foreword; Vlaho Bogišić: Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2004. preceded him in death. He was a “Contribution to the Understanding of Slavica Stojan member of the Croatian Academy of Lexicography and Encyclopaedia in Milovan Tatarin, Feniks: Život i djelo America, the Croatian American Contemporary Croatian Culture.” Nikolice Bunića/Phoenix: Life and Work II. Problems of the Craotian Scientific Association, AAASS, and other of Nikolica Bunić/. Zagreb: Nakladni Terminology—Stipe Kutleš, Željko cultural and professional clubs. We zavod Matice hrvatske, 2004. thank Theodore for being a good Puljić: “Croatian Scientific friend and active member of the ACS. Terminology—Between Complete Openness and the Standard;” Damir BOOK REVIEWS Boras, Bulcsú László: “Foreign Words in Sabrina P. Ramet. The Three JOURNALS the Croatian Language;” Vladimir : State-Building and Relations Dugački: “Dikcionar (1670) bu Habelić— Legitimation,1918-2005. A Croatian Literary Journal in A Source of Croatian Medical Terminology;” Milica Mihaljević: Certain Washington, D.C., and English Problems of Croatian Computer Bloomington: Woodrow Wilson The newly published issue of the journal Terminology (From a Linguistic Point of Relations (1-2/2007) is dedicated to Center Press and Indiana Vew);” Željko Pavić: Hermeneutic University Press, 2006. xxvi, 817 Croatian poetry. The collection is entitled Logical Aspect of the Formation of a “The Comfort of Chaos: Anthology of Concept in its Lexicographic and pages. Review by Renéo Lukic. Contemporary Croatian Poetry.” It Encyclopaedic Significance.” Published in East European includes an English translation of selected III. Discussions; IV..Reviews Address: Politics and Societies 2007; 21; poetry published in Croatia between 1995 Studia lexicographica; Frankopanska 26; and 2005. Miroslav Mićanović, a writer 726. 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia For the last thirty and literary critique, selected works from E-mail: [email protected] 33 contemporary authors. The selection years, Sabrina includes Croatian classics like Slamnig, Ramet has greatly Petrak, Dragojević, Rogić Nehajev; Dubrovnik Annals. Vol. 11 contributed, already well-established poets such as Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU through her Čegec, Valent, Šodan, Glamuzina; as well Lapadska obala 6, 20000 Dubrovnik publications, to as the younger and just emerging www.zavoddbk.org enriching the field generation of writers like Gromača, Articles of East European, Prtenjača, Bodrožić. This issue gives an Balkan, and Zdenka Janeković-Rbmer, “On the Yugoslav studies. excellent assortment and survey of the Influence of Byzantine Culture on literary life in Croatia during those, in She is a prolific author. Ramet has Renaissance Dubrovnik and Dalmatia.” authored eleven books. Some of her many ways, stimulating and challenging Nelia Lonza, “OBLITI PRIVATORUM ten years. Relations is an exceptional books, such as Balkan Babel: The publication that presents Croatian PUBLICA CURATE: A Ragusan Disintegration of Yugoslavia from the contemporary poetry, prepared by Death of Tito to the Fall of Milošević and Bulletin of the Association for Croatian Studies – No. 50 Spring 2008 11

Nationalism and Federalism in differs from a general history culture. In other words, “consent of the Yugoslavia, have become references for in the sense that whereas a governed” did not exist in any of the three readers and scholars interested in the general history aspires to cover Yugoslav states. One way to test the history and politics of twentieth-century everything which the author legitimacy of a given state among its southeastern Europe. In her book considers important in the population and to measure the extent of Nationalism and Federalism (see chapters history of a country, a thematic the “consent of the governed” would be 1 and 2), Professor Ramet proposed a history covers only those through a democratically organized thesis that socialist Yugoslavia’s stability developments which are national referendum. Neither the interwar rested on the balance of power between important to the theme of the kingdom nor communist Yugoslavia ever constituent republics and provinces. She work. (p. 6) authorized a referendum. Only the rump wrote, “Yugoslavia from the devolution The book goes beyond the thematic Yugoslavia organized a referendum, after of the early 1960s until 1989 could be history of the three Yugoslavias. Ramet the fall of Milošević. The results of the seen as a nine-actor balance-of-power also provides a comparative analysis of referendum have delegitimized the rump system.” The structural balance made up the three political regimes, each one Yugoslavia (Serbia-), opening of republics, autonomous provinces, and associated with a different type of the way to its peaceful disintegration. the federal government was cemented by Yugoslav state, in this chronological The constitutive features that the charismatic leadership of J. B. Tito. order: monarchy, communist dictatorship, characterized the Rechtstaat are tested by Following this line of reasoning it was and the authoritarian dictatorship of Ramet at the level of all three Yugoslav Serbia and its leader, Slobodan Milošević, Milošević. Having said that, Ramet’s states (interwar kingdom, socialist who by the late 1980s had broken this book will, in my opinion, appeal not only Yugoslavia, and rump Yugoslavia). None already fragile balance of power leading to historians of area studies but also to of the three Yugoslav states passed the to the disintegration of Yugoslavia. In her political scientists interested in “test.” Being undemocratic polities they new book, Three Yugoslavias, Ramet comparative politics. disintegrated, in one occasion under introduces an alternative factor, “political Three themes are extensively external pressure (interwar kingdom), and legitimacy,” to explain the disintegration developed in the book: political twice due to internal conflicts and of all three Yugoslavias. This factor, legitimacy, political development, and contradictions. Needless to say, already present in her book Balkan Babel, nationalism. Some foreign policy issues illegitimate states are also dysfunctional, a has become a central explanatory were also discussed in order to further characteristic that contributes to their reference to understanding the failure of clarify the three main topics. In her book, disintegration. all three Yugoslavias. Ramet argues that Ramet questions the legitimacy of a The central thesis of the book is that the absence of political legitimacy political entity (state). Thus, the central “system stability,” in this case the state, (consent of the governed) in the three question of Ramet’s book is, why did the “depends upon system legitimacy” (p. Yugoslav states led to the triple Yugoslav states fail three times in 1941, 15). In other words, only a democratic disintegration. This is not a mono-causal 1991, and 2003? state that is at the same time a legitimate explanation of the Yugoslav The first Yugoslav state, the one can last for a protracted period of disintegrations. There are several interwar kingdom, lasted from 1918 to time. However, the Yugoslav political variables such as human agency or the 1941. It collapsed in 1941 after Germany elites failed in three attempts in their task role of personality, economic and its allies attacked the kingdom in a of state-building to create a legitimate deterioration, the international context larger war (World War II). Socialist Yugoslav state. To demonstrate that the (demise of bipolar order), and others that Yugoslavia, the second Yugoslav state, three Yugoslavias were illegitimate states, Ramet took into consideration in lasted from 1945 to 1991. It disintegrated Ramet uses a wide range of primary and explaining the failure of the three after the Serbian-led Yugoslav People’s secondary sources. She dug up Yugoslav Yugoslavias. Nevertheless, primacy in Army (JNA) attacked Slovenia, Croatia, and American archives to back up her this book was given to the variable and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Finally, the thesis. “legitimacy of the state.” third Yugoslavia lasted from 1992 to The concept of legitimacy and the The latest of Ramet’s books, Three 2003. It was also called the “rump” idea of legitimate government are treated Yugoslavias, is her most accomplished Yugoslavia; the full name was the Federal in depth in the first chapter, a theoretical and elaborate. It is highly readable and Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), consisting one, which tells the reader how to read the provides first-rate analysis of the life and of Serbia and Montenegro. It ceased to thematic history of Three Yugoslavias. death of the three Yugoslav states. To the exist in 2003 in the aftermath of This chapter was inspired by the Kantian best of my knowledge, there is no other Milošević’s fall and his transfer to the vision of state and Immanuel Kant’s scholar of Yugoslav or Balkan studies International Criminal Tribunal for the theory of legitimacy. Ramet argues that who has written a more sophisticated Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The detailed whether state-building is successful is political history of the Yugoslav state in explanation of this triple collapse is dependent upon whether its people (in the its three incarnations from 1918 to 2005. provided by the author in nineteen case of Yugoslavian nations and national Having practised the craft of historian for chapters. The book totals more than 600 minorities) accept its authority to govern twenty-five years in the same field, I pages of text plus 150 pages of footnotes. and whether the power of political elites, cannot single out any other book that has For Ramet, the Yugoslav states that at the helm of the state, is perceived as successfully covered, in depth, so many existed between 1918 and 2003 were not being legitimate. The book is organized in subjects as did Ramet’s book, Three legitimate in that they failed to establish chronologic order. It deals first with the Yugoslavias. the rule of law, protect individual rights, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, followed by Ramet has written a thematic history build an atmosphere of tolerance and fair socialist Yugoslavia and then rump of the three Yugoslavias during its (their play, support real equality, and guarantee Yugoslavia. In chapters 2 and 3, Ramet total) seventy-five years of existence. the neutrality of the state in matters convincingly demonstrates that the “Thematic history,” according to Ramet, relating to religion, language, and national Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes

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(since 1929, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) Milan Bulajić, and Vladimir Dedier that discussion of the bloodletting of World was not a legitimate state because it did between 700,000 and 1,000,000 Serbs War Two” (p. 603) and to address the not, as stated earlier, succeed in died in a Croatian concentration camp, grievances of reform-oriented communists establishing the rule of law. The kingdom Jasenovac, are a fabrication and cannot be in Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. The was undermined by a proliferation of supported by evidence. In spite of the fact elimination of the reformist wing of the organized paramilitary militias acting that Kočević and Žerjavić’s findings are League of the Communists in Serbia in outside the law (the same phenomenon well-known in Serbia, Ramet indicates 1972 (Latinka Perović) and in Croatia in reappeared during the disintegration of the that a school textbook introduced in 1971 (Savka Dabčević-Kučar), combined socialist Yugoslavia between 1991 and Serbian elementary schools at the end of with economic deterioration after 1974, 1995). Ramet deems that King the 1990s claimed that 700,000 Serbs died was fatal to the soon-to-be-post-Tito Aleksandar and Nikola Pašić, as the most in the Jasenovac camp alone (p. 533). Yugoslavia. influential political figures, share a The second socialist Yugoslavia, The third Yugoslavia (FRY), created particular responsibility for the failure of ruled by the communist party (Savez in April 1992 from Serbia and the first Yugoslavia. The question the Komunista Yugoslavije, or SKJ), lasted Montenegro, was, as Ramet aptly argued, reader could ask is whether one can turn from 1945 until 1991. The communist “seeking legitimacy through the an illegitimate state into a legitimate one. takeover was practically accomplished in achievement of an illegitimate goal—the After having read chapters 2 and 3, which October 1944 after the liberation of creation of a Greater Serbia in which all list numerous political conflicts in the Belgrade. The communist-led army, aided Serbs would live in one state, to be kingdom, it could be argued nevertheless in the final days of World War II by the realized by driving non-Serbs from lands that the Sporazum (agreement), signed in Red Army, won the war and quickly sought by Serbia”(p. 604). Built on the August 1939, could have been the first established a communist dictatorship. In ideological foundation of ethnic step (it normalized Serbo-Croatian 1945-1946, it eliminated all opposition to nationalism as well as on institutional and relations) in turning the kingdom into a its rule, and this state of affairs lasted until legal chaos, the problem with the FRY, as legitimate state. As Ramet writes, “[T]he the end of the regime. The communist Ramet wrote, “lay in its nature as a Sporazum of 1939 had opened up some regime established civil peace through criminalized oligarchy” (p. 604), set up by new possibilities which were never fully fear and the police state. After the Soviet- Milošević and its political ally, the explored” (p. 602). Ramet believes that Yugoslav conflict of 1948, Yugoslav Radical Party, led by Vojislav Sešelj. the Sporazum was a case of “too little, too communist leaders Tito, Edvard Kardelj, Between 1992 and October 2000, the late” (p. 4), and it did not enhance the and Milovan Djilas developed self- FRY was under the undisputed rule of political cohesion of the country, which management as the central principle of Slobodan Milošević, whose regime was was undermined by decades of arbitrary domestic policy, followed in the 1960s by directly involved in three wars, in Croatia, rule. The Sporazum of 1939 created non-alignment in foreign policy. These Bosnia, and Kosovo. In 2000, after having resentment in Bosnia and Serbia and even were the trappings of the so-called lost the elections, Milošević was forced to divided Croats. In any event, World War socialism with a human face, a variant of quit power and was replaced by the II, which in Yugoslavia started in 1941, Yugoslav socialism that gave, as Ramet opposition, led by Vojislav Koštunica. ended the Serbo-Croatian rapprochement wrote, “quasi-legitimacy” to Tito’s regime After the fall of Milošević and his transfer and made Sporazum obsolete. Without (p. 184). The European left and some to the ICTY, Serbia initiated a slow World War II, the Sporazum could have American liberals who closed their eyes democratic transition that is still eventually ushered in the process of in the face of human rights violations in underway. The Serbian post-Milošević legitimization of the kingdom. This is just Tito’s Yugoslavia cherished the Yugoslav transition did not make a clear break with a hypothesis of the reviewer. However, experience (“the third path”) as living the past. Through the erection of a the proof that the Sporazum did not defuse proof of existing democratic socialism, in monument to Axis collaborator Draža the Serbo-Croatian conflict was the opposition to the Soviet model of Mihailović, both the Koštunica genocidal mass murder of Serbs in the socialism. Chapters 5 to 12 are entirely government and its foreign minister, Vuk Nazi puppet state, the Independent State devoted to socialist Yugoslavia. In Drašković, who sees himself as the of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, hindsight, the 1960s and the first half of spiritual heir of Mihailović, have sought or NDH), created by Croatian fascists on the 1970s were years of relative economic to rehabilitate the Chetnik movement (p. April 10, 1941, on the territory of Croatia prosperity, although based on 534). and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Again, eighteen uncontrolled borrowing from the West. In Chapters 18 and 19 deal with the months was too short to allow the these two decades, Yugoslavia opened up, future of Kosovo and the successor states Sporazum to reconcile the parties in unlimited travel to the West was of the former Yugoslavia, mainly conflict. During War World II, the authorized for those who were able to Slovenia, Macedonia, and Croatia. In the number of persons dying in Yugoslavia as afford it, and Western European tourists chapter on Kosovo, Ramet discusses a result of combat operations or war started to visit Yugoslavia en masse. various alternatives for this international crimes was, according to the calculations These improvements, when compared to protectorate currently run by the United of two demographers, Vladimir Žerjavić the situation in other socialist countries, Nations and the international community. and Bogoljub Kočević, and quoted by members of the Warsaw pact, were real Should Kosovo be independent or Ramet, slightly over 1 million though insufficient to build a legitimate partitioned? Should Kosovo remain under (1,027,000). Some 530,000 Serbs, political regime. The great failures of Yugoslav sovereignty though fully 192,000 Croats, and about 103,000 Yugoslav communists were, as Ramet autonomous, as argued by the Serbian Muslims died (p. 161). The rest of the wrote, their refusal to give up their government and its staunch ally, Russia? victims were Jews, Slovenes, “political monopoly and allow the These are the alternatives still on the Montenegrins, and other minorities that creation of a multi-party system (in spite table, and the international community is lived in the kingdom. The claims made by of repeated proposals to that effect), [and] still looking for viable solutions. In the Serbian historians Vasilije Krestić, their refusal to allow an open and frank analyzing the Yugoslav successor state,

Bulletin of the Association for Croatian Studies – No. 50 Spring 2008 13

Ramet writes, “Slovenia has recorded the subject with breadth, depth, and clarity. pages of this book are a lesson in the smoothest and least problematic transition While he does not neglect earlier periods, history of the birth of Croatia, in the toward liberal democracy and has the most intensive sections of this dense relationships of international entities, and maintained the highest level of system volume deal with the complex in the importance of persistence. Read this stability,” (p. 554). Slovenia was sociopolitical aftermath of the 1995 book. It is fascinating. Irene Bierman- successful because it had already started Dayton Peace Accords which helped put McKinney, Chair Department of Art in the mid-1980s the construction of a an end to the civil war in the region. The History University of California Los legitimate system while simultaneously work follows the standard format of the Angeles (UCLA). developing a liberal culture and vibrant publisher's "Historical Dictionaries of All too often, the press gives a one- civil society. Macedonia and Croatia were Europe" series which includes a sided or watered down view of current less successful in the 1990s in comparison chronology from antiquity to the present, events. Croatia Uncensored provides a to Slovenia. In both countries, particularly a detailed introduction of the geography serious and most necessary review of how Croatia, the war had derailed democratic and history of the country, an alphabetical the media and officials manipulate transition. Only in the last few years have dictionary of 300 entries, and an up-to- information. Croatia Uncensored Croatia and Macedonia consolidated their date bibliography so extensive that it transcends politics and is remarkable for democratic achievements under the occupies nearly a quarter of the book and its candor. Without doubt, its objectivity watchful eyes of NATO and the European has its own table of contents. Additional will rankle a broad spectrum of Croatian Union. sections on spelling, acronyms, and politicians. Croatia Uncensored is a While musing over the Yugoslav abbreviations provide important support splendid compliment to Blaskovich‘s triple disintegration, the question readers for the English-language reader. Entries Anatomy of Deceit that I was privileged to can ask themselves is whether the for organizations are alphabetized by the review. My statement that “it would be Yugoslav case was unique in east-central English translation of their name first, read even after the events of the war years Europe. The answer is no. Czechoslovakia while publications such as newspapers are in Croatia have sunk into oblivion” also disintegrated twice, though without alphabetized by the original language proved to be correct. Anthony Mlikotin, the huge internal violence that name first. BOTTOM LINE English- Professor Emeritus, University of characterized the Yugoslav case. This is language reference works on the Balkans Southern California (USC). another debate, which I prefer to leave out are few, and when it comes to Bosnia, this Croatia Uncensored represents a of this review. In conclusion, Three is pretty much it. Fortunately, the book major contribution to the understanding of Yugoslavias reflects excellent scholarship rises to the occasion, providing the Croatian, Bosnian, and Kosovo and deserves a broad readership. information not easily available online. conflicts from the beginning of the Notes: 1. Sabrina P. Ramet, Balkan The only drawback is that the line-drawn aggression by Serbia/Yugoslavia in 1991 Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia maps are of poor quality; still, this is up to today. Blaskovich exposes a virtual from the Death of Tito to the Fall of recommended for all academic libraries conspiracy among leading American Milošević, 4th ed. (Boulder, Colo.: supporting Slavic and Balkan studies political figures and journalists to distort Westview, 2002). 2. Sabrina P. Ramet, programs and public libraries where there and misrepresent the true nature of the Nationalism and Federalism in is interest. conflicts to reflect U.S. State Department Yugoslavia, 1962-1991 (Bloomington: policy under several administrations. Indiana University Press, 1992). 3. Ramet, Blaskovich names the players, political Nationalism and Federalism in Jerry Blaskovich. Croatia and journalistic, who put forth for gain, Yugoslavia, 19. and in one U.S. Secretary of State, for *Dr. Sabrina Ramet and Dr. Renéo Uncensored. Split, Croatia: personal profit. This is an excellent Lukic are members of the ACS. Naklada Bošković, 2007. 298 contribution to the historical record by the pages. The book was published in author, who not only wrote about, but Croatian too. served in the conflict. C. Michael Ante Čuvalo. Historical McAdams, University of San Francisco Send your orders to: Doable Think (USF), retired. Dictionary of Bosnia and Tank; 6220 nd Via Canada; Herzegovina (2 ed.) Lanham, Maryland, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA Zlata Blažina Tomić. Kacamorti i Toronto, 90275. $29.00 kuga. Utemeljenje i razvoj Plymouth, UK: Shipping zdravstvene službe u Dubrovniku/ The Scarecrow included for Cazamorti and the Plague: The Press, 2007. 504 United States Founding and Development of the pages. Review by delivery. Make checks Health Office in Dubrovnik. Nadine Cohen payable to Doable Think Tank. Dubrovnik; Zavod za povijesne Baker, University Croatia Uncensored is a “must- znanosti u Dubrovniku, 2007. of Georgia, Athens. read” for anyone interested in how global (295 pages) Published in Library Journal, politics work. The letters and Op-Ed January 2008. pieces that comprise this volume detail In this update of a 1997 edition, Čuvalo the birth of a nation. And, more than that, (Joliet Junior College), who is both an they show that “a voice crying in the wilderness,” especially one that is well- academic expert on the Balkans and a native of the region, treats his complex informed and smart, wise and vigilant, can and does make a difference. The Bulletin of the Association for Croatian Studies – No. 50 Spring 2008 14

Summary 96 years before Venice and 137 years a great idea to deal with the defining The role of Dubrovnik as precursor in before Florence. concept or characteristics of world's promulgating the quarantine regulation in So far the prevailing opinion was dictators and their pets, and philosophers, 1377 that ordered all infected and contacts that the cities of northern Italy were the in poems in a humorous way! What is during the plague epidemics to be isolated only precursors of anti-epidemic measures even more important, Ramet with her from the healthy subjects for a duration of in the world. This interpretation needs to poems touches us on a deeper level—as 30 to 40 days is acknowledged in modern be modified on the basis of the analysis of human beings with universal human world literature. As early as 1390, after the aforementioned Dubrovnik traits.” Lea Plut-Pregelj, University of the Ragusan councils added other health manuscripts. The original contribution of Maryland. regulations to the quarantine, the health Dubrovnik, alongside with the Italian “This is a unique publication. office was established to ensure their cities, in conceiving, establishing and Sabrina Ramet has shown how humour application. The health officers, chosen organizing the public health measures in can (and should) be used to unmask and exclusively among the aristocrats, could Europe, should be recognized. demystify dictators and dictatorships. not decline this burdensome and Translated from Croatian by Vesna The philosophers' songs are also great fun, dangerous duty that they had to perform Blažina. combining witty summaries of some of for a whole year if they survived that their major ideas with wild humour.” long. Kršni zavičaj Knut Erik Solem, Norwegian University The establishment, the development Hercegovački of Science & Technology. and the activities of the health officers— informativni the cazamorti, as they were called— zbornik za Karen Evenden. A Taste of makes up the core of this research based vjerska Croatia – Savoring the Food, mostly on the decisions of the Ragusan idruštvena People and Traditions of councils and the critical analysis of the pitanja. Broj. Croatia’s Adriatic Coast. Ojai, manuscript Libro deli Signori 40, p. 270. CA: New Oak Press, 2008. Chazamorbi, Sanitas, Series 55, Vol. I in Izdaje Franjevački A Taste of Croatia...savoring the food, the Dubrovnik State Archives. samostan Humac people and traditions of Croatia's It has been established that a Urednik Ivan Žarko Ilić. Trg Sv. Ante 1, Adriatic Coast permanent health office existed in the 88320 Ljubuški, BiH. .is both a user- Dubrovnik Republic since 1390. The [email protected] friendly Dubrovnik councils and the cazamorti, on cookbook and the basis of their observations and their Sabrina P. Ramet. Pets of the an intriguing Great Dictators & Other Works. travel memoir experience, applied the anti-epidemic dedicated to the protection measures, believing firmly in Washington, D.C.: SCARITH/ land that the the infectious nature of the plague and its New Academia Publishing, 2006. New York Times recently dubbed the direct transmission from person to person. www.newacademia.com "New Riviera." Packed with straight- Such a firm stand sometimes made for forward recipes, photos, food facts and strained relations with the Church and Dictators' pets are anecdotes, the author has created a especially with the medical profession too often ignored— publication that goes beyond the bounds which, burdened by the traditional but no longer! of what makes a great cookbook...she miasmatic theories of disease, was unable delivers the spirit of the culture, the They're all here in country and the cuisine and then ties it all to organize defensive measures against this hilarious together with a collection which will plague epidemics. Since 1530, plague collection of madcap make you want to run to your kitchen and receded from the Dubrovnik Republic and ditties: Lenin's cat, start cooking. stopped being endemic in the region. The Hitler's dog, http://www.atasteofcroatia.com/about.htm protection activities of the health officers Qaddafi's sweet- l must have contributed to this outcome. scented camel, Mao's cockroach (he The cities of northern Italy lagged behind banned real pets), Stalin's spider, Ivan the Dubrovnik in the organization of anti- Terrible and his terrible goldfish, and epidemic measures, but by 1530 the many more. The volume also includes plague started weakening there too, letting philosophers' songs and a Holy Roman us believe that the Dubrovnik example opera, “Turmoil in Brindisi,” about a found its followers in Italy. long-forgotten ecumenical council called Dubrovnik was definitely a by Pope Sixtus the Sixth, an equally historical and conceptual leader, not only forgotten pope. Written over a period of in promulgating quarantine regulations 35 years, these jottings are also a record starting with 1377, but also in establishing of a lifetime of laughter. the permanent health office in 1390, 58 “Sabrina Ramet's collection of years before Milan, 95 years before Pavia, ditties is side-splittingly hilarious! What

Bulletin of the Association for Croatian Studies – No. 50 Spring 2008 15

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