HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS
edited by Yves Cabannes Silvia Guimarães Yafai Cassidy Johnson
● MIRSHĀQ AND SARANDŪ ● DURBAN ● KARACHI ● ISTANBUL ● ● HANGZHOU ● SANTO DOMINGO ● PORTO ALEGRE ● BUENOS AIRES ●
development planning b s h f unit !"#$%&"'(&$)*+&$,-.+/"01
edited by 2-&1$3*4*00&1$ 5.(-.*$67.8*9:&1$2*;*. 3*11.<=$>"?01"0
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING UNIT @ABCDBE6$FED$5G3BFC$!GA5BE6$)GAEDFHBGE$ !"#$%&$'"()*+(,%"-,#./+* D,I,CG%J,EH$%CFEEBE6$AEBHK$AEBI,L5BH2$3GCC,6,$CGEDGE$MD%ANA3CO PQ$H*-.1R"+S$5T7*9&K$C"0<"0K$U3V!$W,XK$A0.R&<$Y.0Z<"8 www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu @ABCDBE6$FED$5G3BFC$!GA5BE6$)GAEDFHBGE$M@5!)O J&8"9.*($5T7*9&K$3"*(-.((&K$C&.+&1R&91?.9&K$C,[\$PHAK$A0.R&<$Y.0Z<"8 www.bshf.org 0-#-(,1.*1'',2/"($'"*("2*-2/$"3*%-(4* L&1&*9+?$3""9<.0*R"9]$%9";^$2-&1$3*4*00&1K$3?*.9$";$D&-&("'8&0R$%(*00.0ZK$D%ANA3C [email protected] 5.(-.*$67.8*9:&1$2*;*.K$!&*<$";$B0R&90*/"0*($%9"Z9*88&1K$@5!)$ [email protected] 3*11.<=$>"?01"0K$C&+R79&9K$J5+$@7.(<.0Z$*0<$A94*0$D&1.Z0$.0$D&-&("'8&0RK$D%ANA3C [email protected]
5'1()*,-#-(,1.*%-(4#* H?&$0*8&1$";$R?&$.0<.-.<7*($*7R?"91$*0<$8&84&91$";$R?&$("+*($9&1&*9+?$R&*81$*9&$.0<.+*R&<$"0$R?&$;9"0R$ ";$&*+?$";$R?&$+*1&1$.0+(7<&<$.0$R?&$9&'"9R^ 6,("#)($'" ,0Z(.1?$R"$5'*0.1?]$B1*4&($FZ7.99&$J.((&R$ 5'*0.1?$*0<$%"9R7Z7&1&$R"$,0Z(.1?]$L.+?*9<$!74&9 F9*4.+$R"$,0Z(.1?]$L*4.&$U*?4*$*0<$J*0<=$)*?8. 7,(+./1#*("2*)(8'&% >*01&R$5?*#*1?K$%?D$+*0<.<*R&K$D&-&("'8&0R$%(*00.0Z$A0.RK$D%ANA3C [email protected]
,_R9*+R1$;9"8$R?&$R&_R$";$R?.1$'74(.+*/"0$8*=$4&$9&'9"<7+&<$#.R?"7R$;79R?&9$'&98.11."0$'9"-.<&<$R?*R$ R?&$1"79+&$.1$;7((=$*+S0"#(& 1 Acknowledgements 3 !"%,'2&1$'" 9 9&:"3*%.-*1(#-#*/"*+-,#+-1$;- Yves Cabannes <(#-#*=,'4*>=,/1(*("2*%.-*?/22)-*@(#% 27 ?/,#.ABC*D(E.()/8(.*3';-,"',(%-*("2**F(,("2GC*H&.-/,(*3';-,"',(%-C* @38+%** 29 1. Egypt and the governorates of Dakhaliyah and Buheira 29 `^$$$,-.+/"01$4&R#&&0$VWW\$*0<$`aaW$$ 31 P^$$$H#"$+*1&1$";$9&1.1R*0+&$R"$;"9+&<$&-.+/"0$;9"8$*Z9.+7(R79*($(*0<$.0$,Z='R 31 $$$$$P^V^$ J.91?gTK$D*S?*(.=*?$Z"-&90"9*R& 34 $$$$$P^`^$ 5*9*0 41 I-""-28*0'(2*F-J)-4-"%C*D&,K("C*F'&%.*>=,/1(** 44 V^$$$B0R9"<7+/"0$$$ 45 `^$$$Y&00&<=$L"*<$.0;"98*($1&k(&8&0RK$D794*0$$ 46 P^$$$F4*?(*(.$4*1&Jf"0<"("]$F$49.&;$4*+SZ9"70<$$ 47 Q^$$$C.-.0Z$+"0<./"01$.0$Y&00&<=$L"*<$$ 48 e^$$$3"84*/0Z$&-.+/"01$$ 49 [^$$$I.+R"9=$.0$R?&$3"01/R7/"0*($3"79R$$ HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS i ea \^$$$F4*?(*(.$70<&9$*k*+S$$$ 51 8. Conclusion <(#-#*=,'4*>#/(*("2*@&,'+- 59 L(#("*>&)/(*M/))(3-C*I(,(1./C*9(E/#%("** 62 V^$$$39&*/0Z$*#*9&0&11$*4"7R$Y*9*+?.K$R?&$0&.Z?4"79?""<$*0<$R?&$&-.+/"0$'9"+&11$ 62 1.1. Housing in the city of Karachi 63 $$$$$V^`^$ ,-.+/"01$.0$Y*9*+?.$$ 63 $$$$$V^P^$ 3*1&$";$R?&$J&Z*d%9"f&+RK$C=*9.$,_'9&11#*=$$ 64 $$$$$V^Q^$ H?&$&-.+/"01$$ 68 `^$$$L&i&+/"01$"0$R?&$1R97ZZ(&$*0<$R?&$&_'&9.&0+&$$ 68 $$$$$`^V^$ L&+"Z0./"0$";$R?&$9.Z?R1$";$R?&$'""9$ 69 $$$$$`^`^$ 5R97ZZ(&$4&="0<$&-.+/"01$$ 69 $$$$$`^P^$ Y&=$8&11*Z&1$R"$"R?&9$Z9"7'1$;*+.0Z$&-.+/"01$$ 73 I&,%EN8C*<(4K(OK(8P,P*D/#%,/1%C*!#%("K&)C*6&,E-8** 76 V^$$$H?&$&-.+/"0$'9"+&11$$ 76 $$$$$V^V^$ B1R*047($+.R=$+"0R&_R$$ 76 $$$$$V^`^$ Y79RSl=N3*84*m4*=n9n$D.1R9.+R$M%&0<.S$J70.+.'*(.R=O$$ 77 $$$$$V^P^$ H?&$&-.+/"0$*0<$9&1.1R*0+&$$ 79 $$$$$V^Q^$ C&Z*($'(*o"981$71&<$.0$R?&$1R97ZZ(&$$ 79 $$$$$V^e^$ E&Z"/*/"01$$ ca $$$$$V^[^$ L.Z?R1$*0<$R?&$1R97ZZ(&$4&="0<$&-.+/"01$$ ca 1.7. Allies in the struggle 81 `^$$$$L&i&+/"01$"0$R?&$1R97ZZ(& 87 Q'"3E'&*M/))(3-C*L("3O.'&* ii HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS 91 $$$$$V^V^$ !*0Zm?"7$+.R=$*0<$E"0ZS"7$-.((*Z&$$ 91 1.2. The people living in the area 92 $$$$$V^P^$ H?&$&-.+/"0$'9"+&11$$ 95 `^$$$)*+.0Z$&-.+/"01$R?9"7Z?$87(/'(&$;"981$";$9&1.1R*0+&$$ 95 2.1. Taking the case to court 95 $$$$$`^`^$ H?&$'&//"0.0Z$"9$p(&k&91$*0<$-.1.R1q$'9"+&11$$ 97 $$$$$`^P^$ %74(.+$'9"R&1R$*Z*.01R$4&.0Z$&-.+R&<$$ 97 $$$$$`^Q^$ 5=84"(.+$71&1$";$R?&$(*#$*0<$?78*0$9.Z?R1$$ 97 $$$$$`^e^$ E&Z"/*/"0$#.R?$R?&$*7R?"9./&1$;"9$9&("+*/"0$*0<$+"8'&01*/"0$$ 99 $$$$$`^[^$ J"4.(.1*/"0K$+*8'*.Z0.0ZK$0&R#"9S.0Z$*0<$*((.*0+&1$$ Vaa $$$$$`^\^$ @7.(<.0Z$1"(.<*9.R=$/&1$*8"0Z$*r&+R&<$+"8870./&1$$ Vaa $$$$$`^c^$ %74(.+$<&8"01R9*/"01$*0<$1"(.<*9.R=$#.R?$(*#=&91$$ Vaa 3. Lessons learnt Vaa $$$$$P^V^$ B((&Z*(./&1$<79.0Z$R?&$'9"+&11$$ VaV $$$$$P^`^$ ,-.+/"01$9&i&+R$R?&$0*R79&$";$R?&$+799&0R$+(*11$1R97ZZ(&$$ Va` Q^$$$J&11*Z&1$R"$'*9/+.'*0R1$";$R?&$&_+?*0Z&$1&8.0*9$$ <(#-#*=,'4*5($"*>4-,/1(*("2*%.-*<(,/KK-(" Va\ H(,,/'*M()/-"%-C*F("%'*D'4/"3'C*D'4/"/1("*0-+&K)/1** VVa V^$$$H?&$D"8.0.+*0$L&'74(.+$*0<$R?&$%9"-.0+&$";$5*0R"$D"8.0Z"$$ VVa `^$$$,-.+/"01$4&R#&&0$VWcW$*0<$`aaW$$ 111 P^$$$,-.+/"01$*0<$9&1.1R*0+&K$*1$R"(<$4=$R?&$*+R"91$.0-"(-&< 111 $$$$$P^V^$ ,-.+/"01K$*$<*.(=$"++799&0+&$.0$5*0R"$D"8.0Z" 111 $$$$$P^`^$ ,($@*99."$I*(.&0R&]$&-.+/"01$*0<$9&1.1R*0+& 114 $$$$$P^P^$ H?9&&$4*k(&1$;"7Z?R$4=$I*(.&0R&$*Z*.01R$&-.+/"01$$ 116 $$$$$P^Q^$ ,-.+/"01]$Gs+.*($9&*1"01$*0<$#?"$+*99.&1$R?&8$"7R$ 116 Q^$$$3"0+(71."01K$8&11*Z&1$*0<$&_'&+R*/"01$$ HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS iii 116 Q^V^$$G0$R?&$;7R79&$";$&-.+/"01$$ 117 Q^`^$$)*+.0Z$R?&$&-.+/"01$$ 117 Q^P^$$U?*R$.1$="79$8&11*Z&$R"$"R?&9$"9Z*0.1*/"01$1R97ZZ(.0Z$*Z*.01R$&-.+/"01t$$ 118 Q^Q^$ ,_'&+R*/"01$ #.R?$ 9&Z*9<$ R"$ "R?&9$ "9Z*0.1*/"01$ R?*R$ *9&$ 1R97ZZ(.0Z$ *Z*.01R$ &-.+/"01 121 R11&+($'"*'=*(*;(1("%*+&K)/1*K&/)2/"3*/"*%.-*1-"%,-*'=*9',%'*>)-3,-C*H,(O/)** 125 1. Porto Alegre and the Historic Centre 125 `^$$$H?&$E*/"0*($J"-&8&0R$;"9$!"71.0Z$5R97ZZ(&$MJECJO$$ 126 P^$$$G++7'=K$L&1.1RK$C.-&$$ 132 Q^$$$L&i&+/"01$"0$R?&$&_'&9.&0+&$$ 133 e^$$$J&11*Z&$R"$"R?&9$"9Z*0.1*/"01$$ 137 M/))(*ST*("2*ST*K/#C*H&-"'#*>/,-#C*>,3-"$"(** VQa V^$$$H?&$+.R=K$R?&$0&.Z?4"79?""<$*0<$R?&$&-.+/"0$'9"+&11$$$ VQa $$$$$V^V^$ $H?&$0&.Z?4"79?""<$$ 141 $$$$$V^`^$$$$H?&$&-.+/"0$$ 143 `^$$$L&i&+/"01$"0$R?&$1R97ZZ(&$$ 143 2.1. The resistance 145 $$$$$$`^`^$ $%"(.+=8*S.0Z$*0<$+?*0Z&1$.0$R?&$(&Z*($*0<$.01/R7/"0*($;9*8&#"9S$ 146 $$$$$$`^P^$ $J"4.(.1*/"0K$+*8'*.Z01$*0<$*((.*0+&1$$ 147 P^$$$B0;"98*/"0K$+"8870.+*/"0$*0<$&_+?*0Z&$$ 151 L'U*+-'+)-*=(1-*-;/1$'"#V*(*3-"2-,*+-,#+-1$;- Silvia Guimarães Yafai 156 W"2-,#%("2/"3*U.8*,-)'1($'"*/#*"'%*("*("#U-,*%'*=',1-2*-;/1$'"# Cassidy Johnson iv HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS V[a W#-=&)*U-K*,-#'&,1-# 165 >""-X*TV*7&/2-)/"-#*=',*2'1&4-"$"3*("2*,-Y-1$"3*'"*.'U*+-'+)-*=(1-* -;/1$'"# 173 >""-X*ZV*5/#%*'=*+(,$1/+("%#*/"*%.-*-X1.("3-*#-4/"(, HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS H?&$ .<&0/j+*/"0K$ R?&$ 1&(&+/"0$ *0<$ R?&$ <"+78&0R*/"0$ ";$ R?&$ +*1&1$ #"7(<$ 0"R$ ?*-&$ 4&&0$ '"11.4(&$#.R?"7R$R?&$+"88.R8&0RK$R?&$+"0j<&0+&$*0<$R?&$*-*.(*4.(.R=$";$*$-&9=$(*9Z&$0784&9$ ";$+"((&*Z7&1$*0<$;9.&0<1K$#.R?$#?"8$#&$?*-&$4&&0$#"9S.0Z$*0<$1R97ZZ(.0Z$;"9$=&*91$*Z*.01R$ &-.+/"01$*0<$;"9$R?&$9.Z?R$R"$?"71.0Z^$U&$#"7(<$(.S&$R"$*+S0"#(& R?&$+*1&1$#?"$Z*-&$R?&.9$/8&$*0<$&0&9Z=$R"$8*S&$R?&$'9"f&+R$?*''&0^$H?&.9$0*8&1$*0<$+"0R*+R$ Acknowledgements <&R*.(1$*9&$<7(=$9&Z.1R&9&<$.0$R?&$'9&1&0R$9&'"9R^$ !"#$%"&'()*+,+$*0<$8&84&91$";$R?&$-,."%,$/),$*&0**+$,1"&)2&-,3$4+.$,.#&;"9$R?&.9$+"88.R8&0R$ R?9"7Z?"7R$R?&$9&1&*9+?$'9"+&11K$*0<$'9.8*9.(=$;"9$R?&.9$17''"9R$R"#*9<1$<"+78&0/0Z$R?&$ @7&0"1$F.9&1$+*1&$*0<$R?&.9$j0*0+.*($+"0R9.47/"0$R"$R?&$&_+?*0Z&$1&8.0*9^$3&1*9&q1$9&-.1."0$ *0<$+"88&0R1$"0$R?&$@7&0"1$F.9&1$*0<$5*0R"$D"8.0Z"$+*1&1$#&9&$T7.R&$.01.Z?o7($*0<$-&9=$ ?&(';7(^ Pedro Franco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v$"7R$.0$R?&$&0<^$J*(*-.S*q1$?&('$.0$R?&$<"+78&0R*/"0$";$R?&$D794*0$&_'&9.&0+&$";$ F4*?(*(.$#*1$+97+.*(^$Richard Pithouse$;"9$?.1$*(#*=1$/8&(=$?&('$.0$'9&'*9.0Z$R?&$<"+78&0R*/"0$ ";$R?&$Y&00&<=$L"*<$+*1&$*0<$;"9$;*+.(.R*/0Z$+"0R*+R$#.R?$R?&$F4*?(*(.$(&*<&91^$@",,A&:)%B$, ;"9$?&('.0Z$R"$<&-&("'$R?&$9&(*/"01?.'$#.R?$F4*?(*(.q1$(&*<&91$*0<$*<-.1"91^$!&9$<"+78&0R*9=$ j(8$"0$R?&$1R97ZZ(&$*0<$9&1.1R*0+&$";$R?&$8"-&8&0RK$pF$%(*+&$.0$R?&$3.R=qK$*0<$R?&$<.1+711."01$ !GU$%,G%C,$)F3,$,IB3HBGE5 1 #&$?*<$#&9&$*(1"$T7.R&$?&(';7(^$C%+1+$&D$1="($;"9$8*S.0Z$*-*.(*4(&$?&9$8*1R&9q1$R?&1.1$"0$R?&$ F4*?(*(.$8"-&8&0R$*0<$R?&.9$1R97ZZ(&$;"9$R?&$9.Z?R$R"$R?&$+.R=^$ 0%+2&D$#$,K$*0<$R?9"7Z?$?.8$R?&$0#+$,&!)$*+/),&2)%&D)E#+,B&F+B3.#K$;"9$?.1$Z7.<*0+&$"0$R?&$ 1&(&+/"0$ ";$ R?&$ &_'&9.&0+&$ ";$ R?&$ !*1*0$ F7(.*$ I.((*Z&$ *0<$ R?&.9$ 1R97ZZ(&$ *Z*.01R$ R?&$ C=*9.$ &_'9&11#*=$.0$Y*9*+?.$*0<$;"9$;*+.(.R*/0Z$R?&$+"0R*+R1$#.R?$R?&$70.-&91.R=$R&*8$#?"$?&('&<$.0$ R?&$<"+78&0R*/"0$";$R?&$+*1&^ Janset ShawashK$%?D$+*0<.<*R&$*R$R?&$D%AK$;"9$?&9$-"(70R*9=$*0<$?.Z?(=$T7*(.j&<$+"0R9.47/"0$ R"$R?&$(*="7RK$Z9*'?.+1K$*0<$R&8'(*R&1$;"9$&*+?$"0&$";$R?&$+*1&1K$&0?*0+.0Z$R?&$T7*(.R=$";$R?&$ '9&1&0R$9&'"9R^ @)#"83& G13"13*$$ *0<$ R?9"7Z?$ ?.8$ R?&$ D)E#+,B& $,5& ?$,5& F+B3.#& H".I)%=$ ";$ R?&$ Habitat -,."%,$/),$*&!)$*+/),K$;"9$?.1$17''"9R$.0$(.*.1.0Z$#.R?$("+*($R&*81$*0<$"9Z*0.1*/"01$*0<$;"9$ .<&0/;=.0Z$9&(&-*0R$+*1&1$.0$R?&$J.<<(&$,*1R$9&Z."0^$!.1$+"88&0R1$"0$R?&$0&&<$R"$.0+(7<&$+*1&1$ ;9"8$979*($*9&*1$Z*-&$*$0&#$<.9&+/"0$R"$R?&$9&1&*9+?$*0<$?.1$+"88&0R1$"0$R?&$Z7.<&(.0&1$ #&9&$ &_R9&8&(=$ 71&;7(^$ G;$ R?&$ R?9&&$ ,Z='/*0$ +*1&1$ R?*R$ #&9&$ ;7((=$ <"+78&0R& Acknowledgements 1+/"#$#?"$*R$Z9&*R$9.1S$1?*9&<$R?&.9$70.T7&$&_'&9.&0+&^$ K$#$%&05$,$*+J&-<%"&L$*$,*+J&!+3$,&6,ME%1$#+*+&L$A#$*&*0<&GE*E=E*N&7*$O)%<$.0$B1R*047($;"9$ 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As Abahlali we are free to say what we want^y ][* 5/;/"3*1'"2/$'"#*/"*I-""-28*0'(2 x<)$#"%'( "-&( B&X&-( ,QyK$1*=1$ C.0<&(*$ ).Z(*0$ #?&0$ <&1+9.4.0Z$ R?&$ T7*(.R=$ ";$ (.;&$ .0$ .0;"98*($ 1&k(&8&0R1^$B0$X"<#*$E1.4*0<&q1$#"9<1K$x%$7$)8(.,)*$0,)'("-&(-&"%%4(B"*(_(3&("-&('0%%(%$7$)8( like we were in the apartheid era^y )"9$R?&$VaKaaa$9&1.<&0R1$*R$Y&00&<=$L"* !GU$%,G%C,$)F3,$,IB3HBGE5 Q\ 9&;71&<$R"$8"-&$*0<$.01.1R&<$"0$9&d47.(<.0Z$#?&9&$R?&.9$1?*+S1$"0+&$1R"" c[* <'4K($"3*-;/1$'"# F++"9<.0Z$R"$R?&$F4*?(*(.$*+/-.1R1$.0R&9-.&#& Y&00&<=$L"*<$5&k(&8&0R$d$D794*0 "7R$R?&$&-.+/"0$"0$R?&$'9&R&_R$";$?&*(R?$*0<$1*;&R=$+"0+&901^$xb&))&*4(A,"*(-&'$*&)1'(2"7&( been given a number of excuses on why they need to be relocated including that the land is 5-,)&(1,(%")*'%$*&'6(12"1(12&-&($'(8"'(&#")"0)8(!-,#(12&(%")*(")*(12"1(12&(%")*($'(/)'1"B%&?(G&( found out later that these were all merely excuses to evict us^y Fv&9$1&-&9*($'9"R&1R1K$*99&1R1K$*0<$.0+.<&0+&$";$-."(&0+&$"0$R?&$'*9R$";$R?&$1R*R&$*7R?"9./&1K$.0$ `aa\$F4J$*0<$R?&$3.R=$4&Z*0$0&Z"/*/"01$R"$7'Z9*<&$Y&00&<=$L"*<$*0<$"R?&9$1&k(&8&0R1$.0$ D794*0$#.R?$R?&$?&('$";$%9"f&+R$%9&'*9*/"0$H971R^$!*-.0Z$'9&-."71(=$4&&0$R9&*R&<$(.S&$+9.8.0*(1K$ ;"9$F4J$*+/-.1R1$R"$49.0Z$R?&$870.+.'*($*7R?"9./&1$R"$R?&$0&Z"/*/0Z$R*4(&$#*1$R&1R*8&0R$R"$ R?&$8"-&8&0Rq1$Z9"#.0Z$'"'7(*9.R=^$ VazJ*[email protected]&01?*#[email protected]$D&-.($.0$R?&$>"0<"("1]$H?&$%"(./+1$";$5?*+S$).9&1q$`aac$?k']NN*4*?(*(.^"9ZN0"<&NQaVP VVzB0R&9-.&#$#.R?$X"<#*$E1.4*0<&$VcNVaN`aaW^ V`zL.+?*9<$%.R?"71&K$pC&v$.0$R?&$5(78]$R?&$9.1&$";$*$1?*+S$<#&((&91q$8"-&8&0R$.0$D794*0K$5"7R?$F;9.+*qK$!.1R"9=$*0<$ F;9.+*0$5R7<.&1$5&8.0*9$`aae^$?k']NN*4*?(*(.^"9ZN0"<&Nc[Q Qc !GU$%,G%C,$)F3,$,IB3HBGE5 5&-&9*($ .0R&01&$ 9"70<1$ ";$ 0&Z"/*/"01$ (*R&9K$ "0$ W$ )&497*9=$ `aaW$ F4J$ *0<$ R?&$ &H?&S#.0.$ 870.+.'*(.R=$<9&#$7'$*$J&8"9*0<78$";$A0<&91R*0<.0Z$#?.+?$*Z9&&1$R"$.0d1.R7$7'Z9*<.0Z$;"9$ Y&00&<=$L"*<$*("0Z$#.R?$R#"$"R?&9$1&k(&8&0R1$*0<$R?&$'9"-.1."0$";$4*1.+$1&9-.+&1$R"$VQ$"R?&9$ 1&k(&8&0R1$*s(.*R&<$#.R?$R?&$#.R?$8"-&8&0R1^$x@1($'(),1(5,''$B%&(1,("..,##,*"1&("%%(b&))&*4( A,"*(-&'$*&)1'($)(12&()&3(5%")(!,-(/58-"*$)8(12&('&X%&#&)1y$1*=1$5q47$X.S"<&^$xAs a result, 5-$,-$14(2"'(B&&)(8$7&)(1,(12&(N-'1(HW(!"#$%$&'(,-(Y'&)$,-(.$0c&)':(32,('&X%&*($)(b&))&*4(A,"*($)( 12&(&"-%4(JKdI'?(P2&(*&.$'$,)("B,/1(32,(3$%%('1"4(")*(32,(3$%%(B&(-&%,."1&*(2"'(B&&)("(.,%%&.07&( ,)&6(B"'&*(,)(12&(5"-0./%"-()&&*'(,!(12&(-&#"$)$)8(!"#$%$&'?(e)%$D&(5-&7$,/'%46(12,'&(-&%,."1&*( 3$%%(B&(8$7&)(2,/'&'()&"-B4?(G&("-&(&V5&.0)8(.,)'1-/.0,)(1,('1"-1(B4(f")/"-4(`IJI^y F4J$?*1$4&&0$*4(&$R"$&0179&$R?*R$R?&=$#.(($4&$+"017(R&<$*R$&-&9=$1R*Z&$";$R?&$'9"f&+R^$%".0/0Z$ R"$ (*+S$ ";$ '9"'&9$ +"017(R*/"0$ *1$ R?&$ S&=$ +*71&$ ";$ ;*.(79&$ ";$ 1&-&9*($ '9"f&+R1K$ C.0<&(*$ ).Z(*0$ "'.0&1K$xwe have a mind and we have eyes and therefore we must be consulted. We need to see 12"1(12&(8,7&-)#&)1($'(1-4$)8(12&$-(B&'1(1,(N)*("%1&-)"07&'(!,-(/'?(@!(.,)7$).&*6(3&(3$%%("..&51( what the government proposes^y Y&00&<=$L"*<$5&k(&8&0R$d$D794*0 d[* M/1%',8*/"*%.-*<'"#$%&$'"()*<'&,% F4J$?*-&$9&+&0R(=$*(1"$17++&11;7((=$+?*((&0Z&<$*k&8'R1$4=$R?&$Y#*m7(7$E*R*($(&Z.1(*R79&$R"$ .0R9"<7+&$1"8&$<9*+"0.*0$*0<$*0/d'""9$8&*179&1$R?9"7Z?$R?&$%9&-&0/"0$*0<$L&d&8&9Z&0+&$ ";$5(781$F+R$";$`aa\^$ F4J$j91R$+9./T7&<$R?&$(&Z.1(*/"0$#?&0$.R$#*1$.0R9"<7+&<$*1$*$4.(($.0$G+R"4&9$`aa[^$A0<&9$R?&$ F+RK$xŒ$E3)&-'(,!($)!,-#"%%4(,../5$&*(%")*("-&(#")*"1&*(1,($)'01/1&(&7$.0,)'(3$12$)("(5&-$,*( '05/%"1&*(B4(12&(#/)$.$5"%$146(")*(,3)&-'(,!(7".")1(%")*("-&(#")*"1&*(1,(5-&7&)1($)!,-#"%( ,../5"0,)(12-,/82(#&"'/-&'('/.2("'(!&).$)8(,Q("-&"'(")*(5,'0)8('&./-$14(8/"-*'^yVP U?&0$R?&$(&Z.1(*/"0$#*1$'*11&<$<&1'.R&$+"0+&901$;9"8$1&-&9*($<.r&9&0R$T7*9R&91K$F4J$#.R?$R?&$ ?&('$";$R?&$>"?*00&1479Z$4*1&<$3&0R9&$;"9$F''(.&<$C&Z*($5R7<.&1$+?*((&0Z&<$R?&$+"01/R7/"0*(.R=$ ";$R?&$5(781$F+R$.0$R?&$D794*0$!.Z?$3"79R$.0$`aac^$H?&$<*=$*v&9$R?&$8"-&8&0R$*00"70+&<$ R?*R$R?&=$#"7(<$4&$+?*((&0Z.0Z$R?&$5(781$F+R$.0$+"79RK$J70.+.'*($*7R?"9./&1K$9&1"9/0Z$R"$R?&.9$ 717*($1R9"0Zd*98$R*+/+1K$*99.-&<$*("0Z$#.R?$?&*-.(=$*98&<$8&84&91$";$R?&$5"7R?$F;9.+*0$%"(.+&$ 5&9-.+&$*0<$*$<"Z$70.R$1R*9R&<$<.1+"00&+/0Z$&(&+R9.+.R=$;9"8$"0&$&0<$";$R?&$1&k(&8&0R$#.R?"7R$ #*90.0Z$"9$&_'(*0*/"0^$F''9"_.8*R&(=$Paa$+"00&+/"01$#&9&$9&8"-&<$.0$*$1.0Z(&$<*=^VQ VPzJ*9.&$!7+?m&98&=&9K$pA'(.v$5(781K$<"0qR$<&1R9"=$R?&8qK$H?&$J&9+79=K$V`Na\N`aa\$?k']NN###^R?&8&9+79=^ +"^m*N.0<&_^'?'t;F9/+(&B<ƒPW`cW\[$"9$?k']NN*4*?(*(.^"9ZN0"<&NV\a` VQzF4*?(*(.$4*1&Jf"0<"("K$p3.R=$,1+*(*R&1$.R1$U*9$"0$R?&$%""9]$J*11$D.1+"00&+/"01$;9"8$,(&+R9.+.R=$*R$670$%".0R$ *R$Y&00&<=$L"*<$5&k(&8&0Rq$Ve$)&497*9=$`aac^$?k']NN*4*?(*(.^"9ZN0"<&NPPQ` !GU$%,G%C,$)F3,$,IB3HBGE5 QW >7 e[* >K(.)()/*&"2-,*(J(1E H?&$'"#&9$";$*$1?*+S$<#&((&91$8"-&8&0R$R"$+?*((&0Z&$0"R$f71R$R?&.9$("+*($*7R?"9./&1$47R$*(1"$ R?&$'9"-.0+.*($*0<$0*/"0*($Z"-&908&0R$?*1$*(1"$(&<$R"$&r"9R1$R"$<&d(&Z./8.1&$*0<$<&d1R*4.(.1&$ R?&$8"-&8&0R$.0+(7<.0Z$-."(&0R$*k*+S1$"0$.0<.-.<7*($(&*<&91^$ J"1R$9&+&0R(=$"0$`[$5&'R&84&9$`aaWK$*R$VV]Pa$'^8^$*$Z9"7'$";$*4"7R$Qa$8&0$?&*-.(=$*98&<$ *k*+S&<$*$8&&/0Z$";$R?&$Y&00&<=$L"*<$D&-&("'8&0R$3"88.k&&$MYLD3O^$H?&$*98&<$8&0$ .0/8.<*R&<$*0<$R?9&*R&0&<$'&"'(&$*0<$#&0R$"0$R"$j0<$1'&+.j+$F4J$*+/-.1R1$.0$R?&$1&k(&8&0R^$ U?.(&$9&+"70/0Z$R?&$?"99"91$";$R?&$`[R?$C.0<&(*$).Z(*0$1*.<$xthey had planned it on the 24th. I was warned that someone was going to kill me but I thought it was a joke. Later one man and 12-&&(8$-%'("%',(1,%*(#&(),1(B&($)(12&('&X%&#&)1?(E)(12&()$821(,!(12&(`L12(12&("X".D&-'(."#&( to my door and started violently banging. I was inside the house but when they saw that it was Y&00&<=$L"*<$5&k(&8&0R$d$D794*0 5"*%,.D&*(!-,#(12&(,/1'$*&(12&4(%&M('"4$)8(12"1(12&(C,)*,($'(),1(2&-&^y H#"$'&"'(&$#&9&$S.((&<$.0$R?&$*k*+S1^$J*0=$"R?&91$(.S&$5q47$X.S"<&$?*<$R"$i&&$.0$"9<&9$R"$1*-&$ R?&.9$(.-&1$*0<$9&8*.0$.0$?.<.0Z$/(($R"<*=$ME"-&84&9K$`aaWO^$F1$5q47$1*. 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!GU$%,G%C,$)F3,$,IB3HBGE5 155 UNDERSTANDING WHY RELOCATION IS NOT AN ANSWER TO FORCED EVICTIONS Cassidy Johnson )"(("#.0Z$#?*R$?*1$4&&0$<"+78&0R&<$.0$R?&$+*1&1K$.R$4&+"8&1$+(&*9$R?*R$8"1R$Z"-&908&0R1$*9&$ '7u0Z$;"9R?$R?&$'9"'"1./"0$R?*R$9&("+*/0Z$'&"'(&$;9"8$R?&$(*0<$R?&=$"++7'=$4=$+"8'&01*/0Z$ R?&8$#.R?$0&#$(*0<$*0<$*$0&#$?"71&$.1$+"01.<&9&<$*$f71R$1"(7/"0$R"$;"9+&<$&-.+/"01^$F$("R$";$R?&$ '"(.+.&1$4&.0Z$<&-&("'&<$*R$R?&$8"8&0R$9&(*R&$R"$9&("+*/"0$*0<$R?&$+"0<./"01$;"9$9&("+*/"0$ M?"#$R"$.0-"(-&$9&1.<&0R1K$R&981K$&R+O$9*R?&9$R?*0$<&-&("'.0Z$*(R&90*/-&1$"9$(""S.0Z$*R$?"#$R"$ '9"R&+R$+"8870./&1$;9"8$;"9+&<$&-.+/"0^$H?.1$.1$(&*<.0Z$R"$&-.+/"0d9&("+*/"0$4&+"8.0Z$R?&$ 97(&K$9*R?&9$R?*0$R?&$&_+&'/"0^$!"#&-&9K$&-.<&0+&$;9"8$R?&$+*1&1$'9&1&0R&<$.0$R?.1$9&'"9R$*0<$ ;9"8$R?&$'&"'(&$#?"$*k&0<&<$R?&$&_+?*0Z&$#"9S1?"'$.0$B1R*047(K$17ZZ&1R1$R?*R$9&("+*/"0$.1$ 0&.R?&9$*$f71R$0"9$;*.9$1"(7/"0$R"$;"9+&<$&-.+/"01^$ 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RESOURCES Web resources linked to individual cases Buenos Aires University of Buenos Aires ‐ Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism (Extension) www.fadu.uba.ar/extension Durban Abahlali baseMjondolo www.abahlali.org @38+%*g*?/,#.AB*("2*F(,("2G !"71.0Z$*0<$C*0<$L.Z?R1$E&R#"9S$|$!*4.R*R$B0R&90*/"0*($3"*(./"0 www.hlrn.org 5"(.<*9.R=$3"88.k&&$#.R?$FZ9*9.*0$L&;"98$)*98&91$MF9*4.+O ###^R*<*8"0^S*/4^"9Z$ Useful web resources Istanbul !"71.0Z$L.Z?R1$3""9<.0*/"0$MH79S.1?O www.konuthakki.com Karachi A94*0$L&1&*9+?$*0<$D&1.Z0$3&((K$D&'*9R8&0R$";$F9+?.R&+R79&$*0<$%(*00.0ZK$E,D$A0.-&91.R=$";$ ,0Z.0&&9.0Z$*0<$H&+?0"("Z= ###^0&<7&R^&<7^'SN*9+?‹'(*00.0ZN8*.0'*Z&^?R8$ A94*0$L&1"79+&$3&0R9& www.urckarachi.org 160 !GU$%,G%C,$)F3,$,IB3HBGE5 Porto Alegre E*/"0*($J"-&8&0R$;"9$!"71.0Z$5R97ZZ(&$MJECJO$M%"9R7Z7&1&O www.mnlm.net AR"'.*$&$C7R*$F7R"0"8"71$3"8870.R=$M%"9R7Z7&1&O ?k']NN7R"'.*d&d(7R*^4("Z1'"R^+"8N General web resources F1.*0$3"*(./"0$;"9$!"71.0Z$L.Z?R1 www.achr.net @7.(<.0Z$*0<$5"+.*($!"71.0Z$)"70<*/"0 www.bshf.org 3&0R9&$"0$!"71.0Z$L.Z?R1$*0<$,-.+/"01 Useful web resources www.cohre.org 3"88.k&&$"0$,+"0"8.+K$5"+.*($*0<$37(R79*($L.Z?R1K$6&0&9*($3"88&0R$0Ÿ\]$H?&$9.Z?R$R"$*<&T7*R&$ ?"71.0Z]$;"9+&<$&-.+/"01$M*9R^VV$MVOO ###^70?+?9^+?NR41N<"+^01;NM1=84"(ON3,53L•6&0&9*(•3"88&0R•\^,0tG'&0D"+78&0R D&-&("'8&0R$%(*00.0Z$A0.R$d$A0.-&91.R=$3"((&Z&$C"0<"0 ###^7+(^*+^7SN<'7$ !*4.R*R$B0R&90*/"0*($3"*(./"0$ www.hic‐net.org !"71.0Z$*0<$C*0<$L.Z?R1$E&R#"9S$|$!*4.R*R$B0R&90*/"0*($3"*(./"0 www.hlrn.org B0R&90*/"0*($F((.*0+&$";$B0?*4.R*0R1 www.habitants.org E"dI"_$0&R#"9S$";$Z9*119""R1$1"+.*($8"-&8&0R1$*0<$"9Z*0.1*/"01 www.no‐vox.org Red Hábitat Regional (Regional Habitat Network) www.rhregional.org !GU$%,G%C,$)F3,$,IB3HBGE5 161 5?*+S$N$5(78$D#&((&91$B0R&90*/"0*($ www.sdinet.org 5'&+.*($L*''"9R&79$"0$F<&T7*R&$!"71.0Z$d$1&+/"0$"0$;"9+&<$&-.+/"01 ###`^"?+?9^"9ZN&0Z(.1?N.117&1N?"71.0ZN&-.+/"01^?R8$M1&+/"0$"0$;"9+&<$&-.+/"01O AEd!F@BHFH$F<-.1"9=$69"7'$"0$)"9+&<$,-.+/"01 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