HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS edited by Yves Cabannes Silvia Guimarães Yafai Cassidy Johnson ● MIRSHĀQ AND SARANDŪ ● DURBAN ● KARACHI ● ISTANBUL ● ● HANGZHOU ● SANTO DOMINGO ● PORTO ALEGRE ● BUENOS AIRES ● development planning b s h f unit !"#$%&"'(&$)*+&$,-.+/"01 edited by 2-&1$3*4*00&1$ 5.(-.*$67.8*9:&1$2*;*. 3*11.<=$>"?01"0 DEVELOPMENT PLANNING UNIT @ABCDBE6$FED$5G3BFC$!GA5BE6$)GAEDFHBGE$ !"#$%&$'"()*+(,%"-,#./+* D,I,CG%J,EH$%CFEEBE6$AEBHK$AEBI,L5BH2$3GCC,6,$CGEDGE$MD%ANA3CO PQ$H*-.1R"+S$5T7*9&K$C"0<"0K$U3V!$W,XK$A0.R&<$Y.0Z<"8 www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu @ABCDBE6$FED$5G3BFC$!GA5BE6$)GAEDFHBGE$M@5!)O J&8"9.*($5T7*9&K$3"*(-.((&K$C&.+&1R&91?.9&K$C,[\$PHAK$A0.R&<$Y.0Z<"8 www.bshf.org 0-#-(,1.*1'',2/"($'"*("2*-2/$"3*%-(4* L&1&*9+?$3""9<.0*R"9]$%9";^$2-&1$3*4*00&1K$3?*.9$";$D&-&("'8&0R$%(*00.0ZK$D%ANA3C [email protected] 5.(-.*$67.8*9:&1$2*;*.K$!&*<$";$B0R&90*/"0*($%9"Z9*88&1K$@5!)$ [email protected] 3*11.<=$>"?01"0K$C&+R79&9K$J5+$@7.(<.0Z$*0<$A94*0$D&1.Z0$.0$D&-&("'8&0RK$D%ANA3C [email protected] 5'1()*,-#-(,1.*%-(4#* H?&$0*8&1$";$R?&$.0<.-.<7*($*7R?"91$*0<$8&84&91$";$R?&$("+*($9&1&*9+?$R&*81$*9&$.0<.+*R&<$"0$R?&$;9"0R$ ";$&*+?$";$R?&$+*1&1$.0+(7<&<$.0$R?&$9&'"9R^ 6,("#)($'" ,0Z(.1?$R"$5'*0.1?]$B1*4&($FZ7.99&$J.((&R$ 5'*0.1?$*0<$%"9R7Z7&1&$R"$,0Z(.1?]$L.+?*9<$!74&9 F9*4.+$R"$,0Z(.1?]$L*4.&$U*?4*$*0<$J*0<=$)*?8. 7,(+./1#*("2*)(8'&% >*01&R$5?*#*1?K$%?D$+*0<.<*R&K$D&-&("'8&0R$%(*00.0Z$A0.RK$D%ANA3C [email protected] ,_R9*+R1$;9"8$R?&$R&_R$";$R?.1$'74(.+*/"0$8*=$4&$9&'9"<7+&<$#.R?"7R$;79R?&9$'&98.11."0$'9"-.<&<$R?*R$ R?&$1"79+&$.1$;7((=$*+S0"#(&<Z&<^ %74(.1?&<$J*=$`aVa b$D&-&("'8&0R$%(*00.0Z$A0.RN$A0.-&91.R=$3"((&Z&$C"0<"0$`aVa B5@E]$W\cdVdWaV\Q`dVQde 3"-&9$.8*Z&$© F4*?(*(.$4*1&Jf"0<"(" CONTENTS 1 Acknowledgements 3 !"%,'2&1$'" 9 9&:"3*%.-*1(#-#*/"*+-,#+-1$;- Yves Cabannes <(#-#*=,'4*>=,/1(*("2*%.-*?/22)-*@(#% 27 ?/,#.ABC*D(E.()/8(.*3';-,"',(%-*("2**F(,("2GC*H&.-/,(*3';-,"',(%-C* @38+%** 29 1. Egypt and the governorates of Dakhaliyah and Buheira 29 `^$$$,-.+/"01$4&R#&&0$VWW\$*0<$`aaW$$ 31 P^$$$H#"$+*1&1$";$9&1.1R*0+&$R"$;"9+&<$&-.+/"0$;9"8$*Z9.+7(R79*($(*0<$.0$,Z='R 31 $$$$$P^V^$ J.91?gTK$D*S?*(.=*?$Z"-&90"9*R& 34 $$$$$P^`^$ 5*9*0<hK$@7?&.9*$Z"-&90"9*R& 36 Q^$$$3"0+(71."01K$8&11*Z&1$*0<$&_'&+R*/"01 36 $$$$$Q^V^$ L&i&+/"01$"0$R?&$R#"$+*1&1 37 $$$$$Q^`^$ J&11*Z&1$R"$"9Z*0.1*/"01$jZ?/0Z$*Z*.01R$&-.+/"01 41 I-""-28*0'(2*F-J)-4-"%C*D&,K("C*F'&%.*>=,/1(** 44 V^$$$B0R9"<7+/"0$$$ 45 `^$$$Y&00&<=$L"*<$.0;"98*($1&k(&8&0RK$D794*0$$ 46 P^$$$F4*?(*(.$4*1&Jf"0<"("]$F$49.&;$4*+SZ9"70<$$ 47 Q^$$$C.-.0Z$+"0<./"01$.0$Y&00&<=$L"*<$$ 48 e^$$$3"84*/0Z$&-.+/"01$$ 49 [^$$$I.+R"9=$.0$R?&$3"01/R7/"0*($3"79R$$ HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS i ea \^$$$F4*?(*(.$70<&9$*k*+S$$$ 51 8. Conclusion <(#-#*=,'4*>#/(*("2*@&,'+- 59 L(#("*>&)/(*M/))(3-C*I(,(1./C*9(E/#%("** 62 V^$$$39&*/0Z$*#*9&0&11$*4"7R$Y*9*+?.K$R?&$0&.Z?4"79?""<$*0<$R?&$&-.+/"0$'9"+&11$ 62 1.1. Housing in the city of Karachi 63 $$$$$V^`^$ ,-.+/"01$.0$Y*9*+?.$$ 63 $$$$$V^P^$ 3*1&$";$R?&$J&Z*d%9"f&+RK$C=*9.$,_'9&11#*=$$ 64 $$$$$V^Q^$ H?&$&-.+/"01$$ 68 `^$$$L&i&+/"01$"0$R?&$1R97ZZ(&$*0<$R?&$&_'&9.&0+&$$ 68 $$$$$`^V^$ L&+"Z0./"0$";$R?&$9.Z?R1$";$R?&$'""9$ 69 $$$$$`^`^$ 5R97ZZ(&$4&="0<$&-.+/"01$$ 69 $$$$$`^P^$ Y&=$8&11*Z&1$R"$"R?&9$Z9"7'1$;*+.0Z$&-.+/"01$$ 73 I&,%EN8C*<(4K(OK(8P,P*D/#%,/1%C*!#%("K&)C*6&,E-8** 76 V^$$$H?&$&-.+/"0$'9"+&11$$ 76 $$$$$V^V^$ B1R*047($+.R=$+"0R&_R$$ 76 $$$$$V^`^$ Y79RSl=N3*84*m4*=n9n$D.1R9.+R$M%&0<.S$J70.+.'*(.R=O$$ 77 $$$$$V^P^$ H?&$&-.+/"0$*0<$9&1.1R*0+&$$ 79 $$$$$V^Q^$ C&Z*($'(*o"981$71&<$.0$R?&$1R97ZZ(&$$ 79 $$$$$V^e^$ E&Z"/*/"01$$ ca $$$$$V^[^$ L.Z?R1$*0<$R?&$1R97ZZ(&$4&="0<$&-.+/"01$$ ca 1.7. Allies in the struggle 81 `^$$$$L&i&+/"01$"0$R?&$1R97ZZ(& 87 Q'"3E'&*M/))(3-C*L("3O.'&*</%8C*<./"(** 91 V^$$$H?&$+.R=$*0<$R?&$0&.Z?4"79?""<$$ ii HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS 91 $$$$$V^V^$ !*0Zm?"7$+.R=$*0<$E"0ZS"7$-.((*Z&$$ 91 1.2. The people living in the area 92 $$$$$V^P^$ H?&$&-.+/"0$'9"+&11$$ 95 `^$$$)*+.0Z$&-.+/"01$R?9"7Z?$87(/'(&$;"981$";$9&1.1R*0+&$$ 95 2.1. Taking the case to court 95 $$$$$`^`^$ H?&$'&//"0.0Z$"9$p(&k&91$*0<$-.1.R1q$'9"+&11$$ 97 $$$$$`^P^$ %74(.+$'9"R&1R$*Z*.01R$4&.0Z$&-.+R&<$$ 97 $$$$$`^Q^$ 5=84"(.+$71&1$";$R?&$(*#$*0<$?78*0$9.Z?R1$$ 97 $$$$$`^e^$ E&Z"/*/"0$#.R?$R?&$*7R?"9./&1$;"9$9&("+*/"0$*0<$+"8'&01*/"0$$ 99 $$$$$`^[^$ J"4.(.1*/"0K$+*8'*.Z0.0ZK$0&R#"9S.0Z$*0<$*((.*0+&1$$ Vaa $$$$$`^\^$ @7.(<.0Z$1"(.<*9.R=$/&1$*8"0Z$*r&+R&<$+"8870./&1$$ Vaa $$$$$`^c^$ %74(.+$<&8"01R9*/"01$*0<$1"(.<*9.R=$#.R?$(*#=&91$$ Vaa 3. Lessons learnt Vaa $$$$$P^V^$ B((&Z*(./&1$<79.0Z$R?&$'9"+&11$$ VaV $$$$$P^`^$ ,-.+/"01$9&i&+R$R?&$0*R79&$";$R?&$+799&0R$+(*11$1R97ZZ(&$$ Va` Q^$$$J&11*Z&1$R"$'*9/+.'*0R1$";$R?&$&_+?*0Z&$1&8.0*9$$ <(#-#*=,'4*5($"*>4-,/1(*("2*%.-*<(,/KK-(" Va\ H(,,/'*M()/-"%-C*F("%'*D'4/"3'C*D'4/"/1("*0-+&K)/1** VVa V^$$$H?&$D"8.0.+*0$L&'74(.+$*0<$R?&$%9"-.0+&$";$5*0R"$D"8.0Z"$$ VVa `^$$$,-.+/"01$4&R#&&0$VWcW$*0<$`aaW$$ 111 P^$$$,-.+/"01$*0<$9&1.1R*0+&K$*1$R"(<$4=$R?&$*+R"91$.0-"(-&< 111 $$$$$P^V^$ ,-.+/"01K$*$<*.(=$"++799&0+&$.0$5*0R"$D"8.0Z" 111 $$$$$P^`^$ ,($@*99."$I*(.&0R&]$&-.+/"01$*0<$9&1.1R*0+& 114 $$$$$P^P^$ H?9&&$4*k(&1$;"7Z?R$4=$I*(.&0R&$*Z*.01R$&-.+/"01$$ 116 $$$$$P^Q^$ ,-.+/"01]$Gs+.*($9&*1"01$*0<$#?"$+*99.&1$R?&8$"7R$ 116 Q^$$$3"0+(71."01K$8&11*Z&1$*0<$&_'&+R*/"01$$ HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS iii 116 Q^V^$$G0$R?&$;7R79&$";$&-.+/"01$$ 117 Q^`^$$)*+.0Z$R?&$&-.+/"01$$ 117 Q^P^$$U?*R$.1$="79$8&11*Z&$R"$"R?&9$"9Z*0.1*/"01$1R97ZZ(.0Z$*Z*.01R$&-.+/"01t$$ 118 Q^Q^$ ,_'&+R*/"01$ #.R?$ 9&Z*9<$ R"$ "R?&9$ "9Z*0.1*/"01$ R?*R$ *9&$ 1R97ZZ(.0Z$ *Z*.01R$ &-.+/"01 121 R11&+($'"*'=*(*;(1("%*+&K)/1*K&/)2/"3*/"*%.-*1-"%,-*'=*9',%'*>)-3,-C*H,(O/)** 125 1. Porto Alegre and the Historic Centre 125 `^$$$H?&$E*/"0*($J"-&8&0R$;"9$!"71.0Z$5R97ZZ(&$MJECJO$$ 126 P^$$$G++7'=K$L&1.1RK$C.-&$$ 132 Q^$$$L&i&+/"01$"0$R?&$&_'&9.&0+&$$ 133 e^$$$J&11*Z&$R"$"R?&9$"9Z*0.1*/"01$$ 137 M/))(*ST*("2*ST*K/#C*H&-"'#*>/,-#C*>,3-"$"(** VQa V^$$$H?&$+.R=K$R?&$0&.Z?4"79?""<$*0<$R?&$&-.+/"0$'9"+&11$$$ VQa $$$$$V^V^$ $H?&$0&.Z?4"79?""<$$ 141 $$$$$V^`^$$$$H?&$&-.+/"0$$ 143 `^$$$L&i&+/"01$"0$R?&$1R97ZZ(&$$ 143 2.1. The resistance 145 $$$$$$`^`^$ $%"(.+=8*S.0Z$*0<$+?*0Z&1$.0$R?&$(&Z*($*0<$.01/R7/"0*($;9*8&#"9S$ 146 $$$$$$`^P^$ $J"4.(.1*/"0K$+*8'*.Z01$*0<$*((.*0+&1$$ 147 P^$$$B0;"98*/"0K$+"8870.+*/"0$*0<$&_+?*0Z&$$ 151 L'U*+-'+)-*=(1-*-;/1$'"#V*(*3-"2-,*+-,#+-1$;- Silvia Guimarães Yafai 156 W"2-,#%("2/"3*U.8*,-)'1($'"*/#*"'%*("*("#U-,*%'*=',1-2*-;/1$'"# Cassidy Johnson iv HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS V[a W#-=&)*U-K*,-#'&,1-# 165 >""-X*TV*7&/2-)/"-#*=',*2'1&4-"$"3*("2*,-Y-1$"3*'"*.'U*+-'+)-*=(1-* -;/1$'"# 173 >""-X*ZV*5/#%*'=*+(,$1/+("%#*/"*%.-*-X1.("3-*#-4/"(, HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS H?&$ .<&0/j+*/"0K$ R?&$ 1&(&+/"0$ *0<$ R?&$ <"+78&0R*/"0$ ";$ R?&$ +*1&1$ #"7(<$ 0"R$ ?*-&$ 4&&0$ '"11.4(&$#.R?"7R$R?&$+"88.R8&0RK$R?&$+"0j<&0+&$*0<$R?&$*-*.(*4.(.R=$";$*$-&9=$(*9Z&$0784&9$ ";$+"((&*Z7&1$*0<$;9.&0<1K$#.R?$#?"8$#&$?*-&$4&&0$#"9S.0Z$*0<$1R97ZZ(.0Z$;"9$=&*91$*Z*.01R$ &-.+/"01$*0<$;"9$R?&$9.Z?R$R"$?"71.0Z^$U&$#"7(<$(.S&$R"$*+S0"#(&<Z&$?&9&$R?&.9$+"0R9.47/"01^$ U.R?$R?&$9.1S$";$;"9Z&u0Z$1"8&$";$R?&8K$?&9&$*9&$*$;&#$";$R?"1&$#?"$?*-&$+"0R9.47R&<$R"$R?.1$ #"9S^$ ).91R$*0<$;"9&8"1RK$R?*0S$="7$R"$*(($R?&$community leaders, women, men and youth$;9"8$ &*+?$ "0&$ ";$ R?&$ 0.0&$ +./&1$ *0<$ -.((*Z&1$ <"+78&0R&<$ #?"$ 1'&0R$ *$ -&9=$ (*9Z&$ 0784&9$ ";$ ?"791$<"+78&0/0Z$R?&$&_'&9.&0+&1K$'*9/+.'*/0Z$.0$("+*($*0<$+.R=$#"9S1?"'1$R"$+"01"(.<*R&$ .0;"98*/"0$*0<$<*R*K$87+?$";$#?.+?$?*1$0"R$4&&0$9&Z.1R&9&<^$H?&.9$'*9/+.'*/"0$#*1$"0$*$ -"(70R*9=$4*1.1K$*0<$.1$<7(=$*+S0"#(&<Z&<^$Each one of the authors and contributors R"$&*+?$";$ R?&$+*1&1$#?"$Z*-&$R?&.9$/8&$*0<$&0&9Z=$R"$8*S&$R?&$'9"f&+R$?*''&0^$H?&.9$0*8&1$*0<$+"0R*+R$ Acknowledgements <&R*.(1$*9&$<7(=$9&Z.1R&9&<$.0$R?&$'9&1&0R$9&'"9R^$ !"#$%"&'()*+,+$*0<$8&84&91$";$R?&$-,."%,$/),$*&0**+$,1"&)2&-,3$4+.$,.#&;"9$R?&.9$+"88.R8&0R$ R?9"7Z?"7R$R?&$9&1&*9+?$'9"+&11K$*0<$'9.8*9.(=$;"9$R?&.9$17''"9R$R"#*9<1$<"+78&0/0Z$R?&$ @7&0"1$F.9&1$+*1&$*0<$R?&.9$j0*0+.*($+"0R9.47/"0$R"$R?&$&_+?*0Z&$1&8.0*9^$3&1*9&q1$9&-.1."0$ *0<$+"88&0R1$"0$R?&$@7&0"1$F.9&1$*0<$5*0R"$D"8.0Z"$+*1&1$#&9&$T7.R&$.01.Z?o7($*0<$-&9=$ ?&(';7(^ Pedro Franco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v$"7R$.0$R?&$&0<^$J*(*-.S*q1$?&('$.0$R?&$<"+78&0R*/"0$";$R?&$D794*0$&_'&9.&0+&$";$ F4*?(*(.$#*1$+97+.*(^$Richard Pithouse$;"9$?.1$*(#*=1$/8&(=$?&('$.0$'9&'*9.0Z$R?&$<"+78&0R*/"0$ ";$R?&$Y&00&<=$L"*<$+*1&$*0<$;"9$;*+.(.R*/0Z$+"0R*+R$#.R?$R?&$F4*?(*(.$(&*<&91^$@",,A&:)%B$, ;"9$?&('.0Z$R"$<&-&("'$R?&$9&(*/"01?.'$#.R?$F4*?(*(.q1$(&*<&91$*0<$*<-.1"91^$!&9$<"+78&0R*9=$ j(8$"0$R?&$1R97ZZ(&$*0<$9&1.1R*0+&$";$R?&$8"-&8&0RK$pF$%(*+&$.0$R?&$3.R=qK$*0<$R?&$<.1+711."01$ !GU$%,G%C,$)F3,$,IB3HBGE5 1 #&$?*<$#&9&$*(1"$T7.R&$?&(';7(^$C%+1+$&D$1="($;"9$8*S.0Z$*-*.(*4(&$?&9$8*1R&9q1$R?&1.1$"0$R?&$ F4*?(*(.$8"-&8&0R$*0<$R?&.9$1R97ZZ(&$;"9$R?&$9.Z?R$R"$R?&$+.R=^$ 0%+2&D$#$,K$*0<$R?9"7Z?$?.8$R?&$0#+$,&!)$*+/),&2)%&D)E#+,B&F+B3.#K$;"9$?.1$Z7.<*0+&$"0$R?&$ 1&(&+/"0$ ";$ R?&$ &_'&9.&0+&$ ";$ R?&$ !*1*0$ F7(.*$ I.((*Z&$ *0<$ R?&.9$ 1R97ZZ(&$ *Z*.01R$ R?&$ C=*9.$ &_'9&11#*=$.0$Y*9*+?.$*0<$;"9$;*+.(.R*/0Z$R?&$+"0R*+R1$#.R?$R?&$70.-&91.R=$R&*8$#?"$?&('&<$.0$ R?&$<"+78&0R*/"0$";$R?&$+*1&^ Janset ShawashK$%?D$+*0<.<*R&$*R$R?&$D%AK$;"9$?&9$-"(70R*9=$*0<$?.Z?(=$T7*(.j&<$+"0R9.47/"0$