Neuroimaging Laboratories (NIL) Small Animal Facility

(Jost)

Division of Radiological Sciences (Gropler)

Research Laboratories Facilities (McKinstry)

Biomedical Research Laboratory (Ackerman) East Building Magnetic Resonance Facility

Cardiovascular Laboratory (Gropler) Clinical Center for Imaging Research

Molecular Imaging Center (Pwinica-Worms) Cyclotron and Radiochemistry Facility

Neuroimaging Laboratories (NIL) Small Animal Facility

Optical Research Laboratory (Achilefu) MicroPet Facility

Radiochemistry Laboratory (Mach)

Electronic Radiology Laboratory (Prior) An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

Michael Welch joins the Division of Radiation Physics McDonnell Center for Studies First Meeting of the (MIR) of Higher Brain Function Executive Committee („Fab 4‟) Michel Ter-Pogossian First Quantitative Functional receives his PhD from Studies of Imaging with PET MacArthur NIL Moves to the Washington University Regional Oxygen and Blood Flow Foundation Funds IT East Building Consumption in Introduced Humans

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Cyclotron Installed in X-Ray CT PET NP fMRI Dana Foundation the Mallinckrodt Invented Invented Protocol BOLD Funds Training Institute of Radiology (Hounsfield) System Imaging Initiated Begins Main Campus Cyclotron Installed MRI Imaging Introduced Pictured Top-Bottom, Left-Right: Lawrence, Cooksey, Laslett, Alvarez, Backus, Convoy, Nag, Thornton, McMillan, Brobeck Washington January 21, 1939 WASHINGTON•UNIVERSITY•IN•ST•LOUIS Mallinckrodt Institute MIR of Radiology An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Ter-Pogossian Laboratory Washington University Circa 1960 Annihilation Radiation from Positron Emission

An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Cyclotron Installed in X-Ray CT PET NP fMRI Dana Foundation the Mallinckrodt Invented Invented Protocol BOLD Funds Training Institute of Radiology (Hounsfield) System Imaging Initiated Begins Main Campus Cyclotron Installed MRI Imaging Introduced Allis-Chalmers Cyclotron – Basement of the Barnard Hospital An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Cyclotron Installed in X-Ray CT PET NP fMRI Dana Foundation the Mallinckrodt Invented Invented Protocol BOLD Funds Training Institute of Radiology (Hounsfield) System Imaging Initiated Begins Main Campus Cyclotron Installed MRI Imaging Introduced Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970) The “Chicken” Wesley A. Clark (designer along with Charley Molnar and Mary Allen Wilkes) and the Laboratory Instrument Computer or LINC, 1962 (32 KB memory) at the Lincoln Laboratory, MIT – the first personal computer.

An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Cyclotron Installed in X-Ray CT PET NP fMRI Dana Foundation the Mallinckrodt Invented Invented Protocol BOLD Funds Training Institute of Radiology (Hounsfield) System Imaging Initiated Begins Main Campus Cyclotron Installed MRI Imaging Introduced Godfrey Hounsfield Pneumoencephalography An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Cyclotron Installed in X-Ray CT PET NP fMRI Dana Foundation the Mallinckrodt Invented Invented Protocol BOLD Funds Training Institute of Radiology (Hounsfield) System Imaging Initiated Begins Main Campus Cyclotron Installed MRI Imaging Introduced Don Snyder Jerry Cox Mike Phelps Annihilation coincidence detection for positron emission tomography (PET)

First Human Subjects Scanned on PETT III April 1974 Cyclotron Christmas Party An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Cyclotron Installed in X-Ray CT PET NP fMRI Dana Foundation the Mallinckrodt Invented Invented Protocol BOLD Funds Training Institute of Radiology (Hounsfield) System Imaging Initiated Begins Main Campus Cyclotron Installed MRI Imaging Introduced The McDonnell Center for Studies of Higher Brain Function at Washington University (1980 to present)

James S. McDonnell PET VI (1980 – 1993)

P #2000 – 1 March 1991 Franciscus Donders (1818-1889) An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Rebecca Kimmel

Karen Klump

An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Cyclotron Installed in X-Ray CT PET NP fMRI Dana Foundation the Mallinckrodt Invented Invented Protocol BOLD Funds Training Institute of Radiology (Hounsfield) System Imaging Initiated Begins Main Campus Cyclotron Installed MRI Imaging Introduced $633,892 Computer Support Group (CSG) 2011 Neuroimaging Lab Network Topology High-level Overview BlueArc TB Usage Increase from Jan 2007 to Present 200

180

160

140

120

100 TB Increase 80

Jul-09 Jul-07 Jul-08 Jul-10 Jul-11

Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11

Sep-07 Sep-08 Sep-09 Sep-10 Sep-11

Nov-08 Nov-07 Nov-09 Nov-10

Mar-07 Mar-08 Mar-09 Mar-10 Mar-11

May-07 May-08 May-09 May-10 May-11 Neuroinformatics Research Group (NRG)

2011 Open source software Novel imaging markers

XNAT DIAN Extensible NA-MIC Dominantly Neuroimaging National Alliance Inherited Alzheimer Archive Toolkit For Medical CONDR Network Image Computing Comprehensive Neuro-oncology ADRC I2B2 Data Repository Alzheimer’s Informatics for Disease Research Integrating Biology BIRN HCP Center to Bedside Biomedical Informatics Human INTRUST Research Network Connectome Injury & Traumatic Stress Network Project IDDRC INCF Intellectual and International Developmental Neuroinformatics Disability Research Coordinating Facility Center CCIR CNDA Center for Clinical Central Neuroimaging Imaging Research Data Archive NIAC OASIS Neuroimaging Open Access Structural Informatics & Imaging Series Analysis Center Open access sharing Neuroinformatics services An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Michael Faraday (1845) Blood Flow Glucose Utilization Oxygen Utilization Oxygen Availability PET Difference Images (Fox et al (1988) Science)

Room Air

100% Oxygen

Linus Pauling (1937) “Rest” Ogawa et al (1990)

“Activation”

fMRI BOLD Signal Increases Seiji Ogawa (1990) Functional Brain Mapping Circa 2010

Available Articles 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 "functional magnetic resonance imaging" or "positron emission tomography" or "PET" "fMRI" and "brain" Search Terms and "brain" An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

$2,401,581 An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Cyclotron Installed in X-Ray CT PET NP fMRI Dana Foundation the Mallinckrodt Invented Invented Protocol BOLD Funds Training Institute of Radiology (Hounsfield) System Imaging Initiated Begins Main Campus Cyclotron Installed MRI Imaging Introduced Fab 4 + 1 Administrative Support Group An Early Chronology of Important Events in the NIL

1939 1950 1962 1967 1970 1973 1973-4 1978 1982 1984-90 1991 1992 1994 1995 2001 >

Division of Radiological Sciences (Gropler)

Research Laboratories Facilities (McKinstry)

Biomedical Research Laboratory (Ackerman) East Building Magnetic Resonance Facility

Cardiovascular Laboratory (Gropler) Clinical Center for Imaging Research

Molecular Imaging Center (Pwinica-Worms) Cyclotron and Radiochemistry Facility

Neuroimaging Laboratories (NIL) Small Animal Facility

Optical Research Laboratory (Achilefu) MicroPet Facility

Radiochemistry Laboratory (Mach)

Electronic Radiology Laboratory (Prior) Knight ADRC – Faculty and Staff

NIL Support from Department of Radiology Annual Direct Grant Dollars Per Department (NIL)

Child Psychiatry - $2,618,428 Neurology - $5,763, 148 Psychiatry - $1,486,324 Psychology - $2, 866, 856 Radiology - $6,830,524

Scientific Impact of the NIL

Group Articles: 915

Group Reviews: 78

Total number of unique citations: 79,963

>7,000 citations in 2009 and 2010

>9000 in 2011 (projected)

Group H-index: 142

Hirsch, J.E. (2005) “A index to quantify an individual’s scientific output”. PNAS 102 (46):16569-16572. Scientific Impact Scientific Impact of the NIL: H-index

Hirsch, J.E. (2005) “A index to quantify an individual’s scientific output”. PNAS 102 (46):16569-16572.

Watson, J.D. and Crick, F.H.C. (1953) A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 248:766-769.

Total citations as of 4 November 2011: 5401

Francis Crick

James Watson (Jost)

Division of Radiological Sciences (Gropler)

Research Laboratories Facilities (McKinstry)

Biomedical Research Laboratory (Ackerman) East Building Magnetic Resonance Facility

Cardiovascular Laboratory (Gropler) Clinical Center for Imaging Research

Molecular Imaging Center (Pwinica-Worms) Cyclotron and Radiochemistry Facility

Neuroimaging Laboratories (NIL) Small Animal Facility

Optical Research Laboratory (Achilefu) MicroPet Facility

Radiochemistry Laboratory (Mach)

Electronic Radiology Laboratory (Prior)