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Home , Chennai Bypass, Chennai Port, Ennore, Kattupalli, Singaperumalkoil

BRIEF DESCRIPTION ON PERIPHERAL ROAD

1 Scheme and Authority

Chennai is the Capital of , has grown as a perfect base in respect of institutions, information technology, automobile and hardware manufacturing. Due to growing volume of traffic in and around the City, there is an immediate need for improvement of infrastructure facilities.

Government of Tamil Nadu is in the process of identifying and implementing projects to bridge the huge gap in the demand and supply of infrastructure projects. One of the major projects included in VISION 2023 is Chennai Peripheral Road.

Chennai Peripheral Road is conceptualized to provide better connectivity around the city catering future traffic requirements and provide efficient commercial transportation by enhancing connectivity. This road will facilitate container movement from southern districts to Port.

The Government of Tamil Nadu have accorded administrative sanction for the work of preparation of DPR for forming Peripheral Road connecting Mahabalipuram to Ennore Port.

Name of Work: Peripheral Road connecting Mahabalipuram to Ennore Port (via) , , Thiruvallur, Thamaraipakkam, Periyapalayam, and .

2 Necessity for forming Peripheral Road

 Chennai city is located on the coast of which makes the road layout in the metropolitan area is of radial pattern.  There are 4 principal radial arterials, viz. NH-5, NH-205, NH-4, NH-45, to the north, north-west, west and south respectively.  In addition, there are three more radial arterials,(i) along the coast on the northern side (Thiruvotriyur High Road), (ii) between NH-4 and NH-45 () and (iii) along the south coast (ECR & OMR).  The radial roads are congested and inadequate to handle the growing traffic need. The connecting road system, with lot of missing links, has put tremendous strain on the radial network.

 City has got three circumferential roads viz., Inner Ring Road, and Outer Ring Road which connects the radial roads.  As the city is developing beyond the limits of these circumferential roads, a new circumferential road is required.  Chennai Airport is the third busiest airport in .  The city is served by two major . - is the largest in Bay of Bengal and India's second busiest container hub, handling automobiles, motorcycles and general industrial cargo. - Ennore Port currently handles cargo such as coal, iron ore, other bulk and rock mineral products and future expansion plans are on the anvil.  Chennai city has got one more private sea port at Kattupalli near the northern town of Ennore.  Road connectivity to the Ennore and Kattupalli ports needs to be provided from the radial roads without congesting the city roads.  Also the upcoming regional industries require capacity augmentation in terms of traffic infrastructure.

3 Project Road

The State Government of Tamil Nadu has identified already a tentative alignment for the proposed peripheral road. This alignment was studied along with other alternate alignments on the basis of technical and financial viability. The proposed alignment options were evaluated by the Technical Sub-Committee, Technical Committee and Steering Committee based on technical and financial viability. The alignment for Chennai Peripheral Road was approved by the Steering Committee and finalized by the Principal Secretary, Highways and Minor Ports, Government of Tamil Nadu on 09.07.2014.

The Peripheral road will starts at Ennore Port and ends at Poonjeri Junction (km 56/800 of ECR) in Mahabalipuram. The proposed road will connect four National Highways – NH-5, NH-205, NH-4 and NH-45, and eight State Highways – SH-51, SH-50A, SH-50, SH-48, SH-57, SH-49B, SH-49A (OMR) and SH 49 (ECR). Length of proposed peripheral road will be around 133.381 km which is split into 5 sections.

Section 1: Northern Port Access Road - Ennore Port to Thatchur on NH-5 Section 2: Thatchur on NH-5 to Start of Thiruvallur Bypass Section 3: Start of Thiruvallur Bypass to Sriperumbudur on NH-4 Section 4: Sriperumbudur on NH-4 to Singaperumalkoil on NH-45 Section 5: Singaperumalkoil on NH-45 to Mahabalipuram

Section - 1: Northern Port Access Road from Ennore Port to Thatchur on NH-5

Feasibility Study Report for forming North Port Access Road (NPAR) from Northern Gate of Ennore port to Thatchur on NH-5 (km 30/270 ) with a connecting road to --Panchetty Road was prepared already by NHAI. As requested by the Government of Tamil Nadu, NHAI handed over the Feasibility Report to the State Government to take the Project forward. GoTN appointed TNRDC as Managing Associate for the project and modified the alignment with additional access provisions as per the requirements of major stakeholders. The length of NPAR will be 21.12 km and the TPP link Road is 4.35 km.

The proposed NPAR will have 4-lane divided carriageway with 2-lane service roads on both sides and the proposed ROW is 100m. TNRDC prepared already the updated feasibility report with land plan schedule which are adequate to implement the project on DBFOT basis. In order to avoid built-up section, HT lines and to accommodate the interchange at NH-5, the end of project road is shifted southwards to km. 29/000 of NH-5. As the alignment of NPAR from Ch. 17+300 to NH-5 is modified, the length of NPAR will be 20.900 km against the original length of 21.120 km. The link road from NPAR to TPP road for a length of 4.21km is also included in the project. Total length of the section is 25.11 km and is totally new formation.

Section - 2: NH-5 at Thatchur to Start of Thiruvallur Bypass

The entire section will be new alignment from km 29/000 of NH-5 near Thatchur to km 50/500 of SH-57 near Othikkadu Village. The length of section is 26.40 km. The alignment will cross SH-51 at km 9/100 and SH-50A at km 18/400. As the SH-57 from km 50/500 to km 56/900 is passing through 6 villages, to avoid social impact new alignment is proposed parallel to SH-57, behind the settlements, from km 56/900 near Velliyur Village to end of project section (i.e. km 50/500 of SH-57). The project road will have 6-lane with paved shoulder carriageway with 2-lane service road on both sides and the proposed right of way is 60m.

Section - 3: Start of Thiruvallur Bypass to Sriperumbudur

This section starts at km 50/500 of SH-57 i.e. start of Thiruvallur bypass and ends at km 42/250 of NH-4 in Sriperumbudur. Total length of this section is 30.60 km in which 9.6 km is improvement of existing SH-57 and balance is new alignment. Bypasses are proposed for Thiruvallur and Sriperumbudur towns and a realignment is proposed for Thodukkadu village.

Thiruvallur bypass starts at km 50/500 of SH-57, crosses NH-205 at km 51/650 and SH-50 at km 16/900 and ends at km 38/900 of SH-57. Length of this bypass will be around 15.7 km. In order to avoid the built-up area of Sriperumbudur town, a new alignment is proposed along the Sriperumbudur tank bund from km 26/600 of SH-57 to km 42/250 of NH-4, for a length of 1.6 km. The realignment of Thodukkadu village is from km 27/600 to km 30/300 of SH-57, for a length of 2.85 km

The project road will have 6-lane with paved shoulder carriageway with 2-lane service road on both sides and the proposed right of way is 60m.

Section - 4: Sriperumbudur to Singaperumalkoil

This section is stretch of SH-57 from NH-4 in Sriperumbudur to NH-45 in Singaperumalkoil, for a length of 23.80 km.

Tamil Nadu Road Infrastructure Development Company Ltd. (TNRIDC), is widening this stretch of SH-57 to 6-lanes with service roads and Projects wing of Highways Department, Government of Tamil Nadu is constructing a ROB (in lieu of LC 47) with interchange (elevated roundabout type) on NH-45 at start of SH-57. Hence new vehicular underpasses only proposed within the available land to improve the safety.

Section - 5: Singaperumalkoil to Mahabalipuram

This section starts at km 47/400 of NH-45 in Singaperumalkoil, where the Interchange-cum-ROB is under construction and ends at Poonjeri Junction in . Total length of this stretch is 27.471 km in which 2.0 km is improvement of existing SH-49B from km 11/200 to km 13/200 and balance is new alignment. The project road will be 4-lane with paved shoulder carriageway with 2- lane service road on both sides and the proposed right of way is 60m.

Approved Alignment of Peripheral Road

4 Socio-Economic Profile

The peripheral road will passing through/near Kattupalli, Thamaraipakkam, Thiruvallur, Sriperumbudur, Singaperumalkoil and Mahabalipuram.

According to the provisional population results of 2011, the city had a population of 46,81,087, with a density of 26,903 per km² and the urban agglomeration had a population of 86,53,521. The city registered a growth rate of 7.77% during the period 2001–2011.

The sex ratio in Chennai city is 986 females for every 1,000 males whereas in CMA it is 981 females for 1000 males. The average literacy rate rose from 85.33% in 2001 to 90.33% in 2011, much higher than the national average of 79.5%.

Chennai's economy has a broad industrial base in the automobile, computer, technology, hardware manufacturing and healthcare sectors. As of 2012, the city is India's second largest exporter of information technology and business process outsourcing services. A major part of India's automobile industry is based in and around the city.

The comprehensive profile of employment in CMA has been made on the basis of secondary sources including Census data. The participation rate i.e. proportion of main workers to the population of CMA was 30.74% in 1991 and 30.96% in 2001. The corresponding figures for Chennai City were 30.50% in 1991 and 31.79% in 2001. The number of marginal workers both in Chennai City and in CMA is negligible.

5 Cross Section

The Peripheral road is designed as a dual carriageway facility. The Steering Committee finalized the lane configuration for each section considering the traffic, environmental, social and cost of the project.

The Section-1 will have 4-lane with paved shoulder carriageway and 2-lane service road with 1.5m wide footpath on both sides. The proposed Right of Way is 100m.

The Section-2 & 3 will have 6-lane with paved shoulder carriageway and 2-lane service road with 3m wide footpath-cum-drain on both sides. The proposed Right of Way is 60m.

The Section-4 will have 6-lane with paved shoulder carriageway and 2-lane service road with 2.5m wide footpath-cum-drain on both sides with 1 to 1.5m wide central median. The improvements are under construction by TNRIDC. Hence to improve the safety, underpasses are proposed at required locations within the available land i.e. 40 to 60m. The Section-5 of proposed peripheral road will have 4-lane with paved shoulder carriageway and 2-lane service road with 3m wide footpath-cum-drain on both sides. The proposed Right of Way is 60m.

Proposed Configuration

Sl. Section - Description Section - 1 Section - 2 Section - 3 Section - 4 No. 5 Right of way 1 100m 60m 60m 40-60m 60m (RoW) 2 X 2-lane 2 X 2-lane 2 X 3-lane 2 X 3-lane 2 X 3-lane Number of lanes in with 2 with paved with paved with paved with paved Main Carriageway paved shoulder shoulder shoulder shoulder shoulder 3 Central Median 4.00m 4.00m 4.00m 1.0m 4.00m

4 Service Road 2 X 2-lane 2 X 2-lane 2 X 2-lane 2 X 2-lane 2 X 2-lane

Footpath/Drain/ 2 X 2m & 5 2 X 3m 2 X 3m 2 X 2.5m 2 X 3m Utility Corridor 2 X 3m 6 Width of Main 2 X 12.5m 2 X 12.5m 2 X 12.5m 2 X 12.5m 2 X 12.5m Carriageway in Structures

6 Surveys and Investigation

Various engineering surveys and investigations were carried out as per ToR on the project corridor. These includes topographical survey, road and structural inventory/ condition survey and pavement investigation on the existing road sections which will be part of Peripheral road, sub-grade soil investigation, etc.

Typical Cross Section for Section – 1

Typical Cross Section for Section – 2 & 3

Typical Cross Section for Section – 4

Typical Cross Section for Section – 5

7 Traffic Surveys and Forecast The following traffic surveys were carried out for the project as per ToR.  Classified Traffic Volume Count Survey - 19 locations  Turning Movement Survey - 12 locations  Origin-Destination & Commodity movement Survey - 15 locations  Axle Load Survey - 10 locations  Pedestrian Count Survey - 13 locations  Speed and Delay Survey  Truck Terminal survey - 3 locations

Analysis of the traffic survey data brings out the Annual Average Daily Traffic of existing roads in the project area, peak hour turning movement of existing junctions, traffic characteristics and movement pattern along the project corridor, pedestrian movements in the project locations, vehicle loading characteristics and existing speed- delay characteristics on the project area and requirement of truck parking facility.

The AADT of NH-45, NH-4 and NH-5 are more than 50000 PCU and AADT of ECR, stretch of SH-57 from NH-45 to NH-205, SH-50, NH-205, SH-50A and SH-51 are more than 10000 PCU. Peak hour share is 5.5 to 8.5% and the peak hour is identified during morning and evening hours. It is clearly observed that a significant movement of freight traffic takes place during nights and early mornings. The passenger traffic movement takes place during the day time.

From the outcome of origin-destination survey, O-D zoning system developed (20 zones) and O-D matrix for each survey location, vehicle category-wise, was prepared. Traffic growth rate identified by the transport demand elasticity method.

The traffic projection is made for next 30 years (up to the year 2043). The expected traffic, which is mainly diverted traffic, in each project section was identified from the combined O-D matrices. Considering various factors, 5% generated traffic was considered for all the sections of proposed Peripheral road for first 5 years after construction of project. Even though the traffic requires more lanes in each section, considering the presence & proximity of Chennai Outer Ring Road (CORR) and Chennai Bypass and their influence on the projected traffic volumes, Steering Committee suggested to restrict the number of lanes to 2 x 3 lane with paved shoulder (same as CORR).

8 Detailed Design

The project road components are designed as an access controlled road, as per the parameters recommended in the relevant standards of the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) and MoRTH circulars, based on the findings of field surveys and investigations. The ruling design speed of 100 kmph is considered in the project except at few locations where the minimum design speed of 80 kmph is considered due to site constrains.

9 Pavement

The pavement is designed for a life of 15 years for bituminous layers and 20 years for granular layers. Flexible payment is considered for the project to minimize the initial construction cost. Guideline of IRC: 37-2012 is followed for design of new pavement and IRC: 81 - 1997 is followed for strengthening of existing pavement layers. The proposed pavement composition is given below.

Proposed Pavement Composition for Main Carriageway

Section - Service Description Section - 1 Section - 4 Section - 5 2 & 3 Road Bituminous Concrete 50 50 50 50 40 Dense Bituminous 115 115 135 110 100 Macadam Wet Mix Macadam 250 250 250 250 250 Granular Sub-base 200 200 200 200 200 Total 615 615 635 610 590 Sub-grade CBR,% 8% 8% 8% 8% 8%

Strengthening of existing pavement is considered only in Section-2 where the existing road is under widening by TNRIDC. As per the traffic loading and deflection values identified by the field surveys, 40mm BC and 50mm DBM is proposed as overlay for the existing road. The new pavement composition shall be followed for the approaches of proposed underpasses in this Section.

10 Storm Water Drainage

The surface and subsurface drains are designed in accordance with the requirements of IRC:SP:42. Lined storm water drains with inner dimension of 1.2m X 1.5m is proposed on both sides of the project road under the footpath, with cross fall towards

drain. Unlined trapezoidal drain is proposed at the centre of future public transport corridor. Chute drains are proposed over proper bedding at embankments with height more than 3m. Cross drainage structures are proposed based on the drainage requirements.

11 Interchanges and Underpasses The project road crosses four National Highways for which interchanges proposed. NH-4, NH-205 & NH-5 : NH-45 : Elevated Roundabout Interchange Underpasses are proposed at important junctions and built-up sections along the project road. Vehicular underpasses of 5.5m vertical clearance with double vent (2X12m) for SH & MDR and single vent (1X12m) for other important roads are proposed. Light Vehicular underpass of 4.5m vertical clearance with single vent (1X12m) is proposed at required locations.

Project Section Vehicular Underpass Light Vehicular Double Vent Single Vent Underpass Section - 1 0 5 3 Section - 2 3 3 3 Section – 3 2 4 1 Section – 4 6 3 3 Section – 5 3 3 7 Total 14 18 17

12 Bridges and Culverts The project road crosses two Rivers, i.e. and Kosathalai River, and number of tanks, channela, nallahs, back water, , etc. Bridges are proposed for these waterway crossings.

13 Junction Improvements

The project has two major at-grade junctions which are designed as per IRC guidelines and type design of Intersections proposed by MoRT&H. The junction of NPAR with Link Road is designed as a 3-arm at-grade junction and Poonjeri junction, end of project report, is designed as at-grade junction with elliptical roundabout covering project junction and ECR-OMR junction. Necessary channelizing island, sign boards, markings are proposed at the junctions. Landscaping is proposed on the islands and high mast lights are proposed to illuminate the junction area.

The project road has 56 minor junctions formed by low category cross roads with the proposed service road which are designed as per IRC guidelines with adequate turning radius, sign boards, marking, speed breakers, etc. The traffic from these cross roads shall merge with service road and crossing through the next available vehicular underpass. No direct entry/exit is permissible from the cross roads to the Main carriageway of Peripheral Road except at Interchanges.

14 Project Furniture

Cautionary, mandatory and informatory signs are proposed for the elevated road and interchanges main carriageway, service road and other project facilities, depending on the situation and function they perform, in accordance with the IRC: 67-2012.

To regulate the traffic and for the psychological awareness to the road user, edge lane marking, lane markings, chevron markings, stop line, zebra crossing are also proposed at required locations.

As the crash barriers are proposed throughout the project, delineators are proposed at super elevated sections only with 30-40m spacing. The hazard markers are proposed in curved stretches at the crash barriers of structures like interchanges, underpasses, bridges, etc and the object hazard markers are proposed at the start of concrete crash barrier of these structures.

Road studs are proposed at the edge lane marking, acceleration lane, deceleration lane, weaving portion, chevron markings, entry/exit ramps, bus bays, zebra crossings, etc as per IRC:SP:87-2013.

The semi rigid, Thrie beam type steel barrier is proposed all along the project road at central median, divider/earthen shoulder and footpath.

The flashing beacons are proposed for the safety purpose at the at-grade junction in underpasses, truck parking locations, entry/exit ramps and rest area locations.

15 Project Facilities

The project facilities including access facilities, pedestrian facilities, lighting, truck parking, bus bays, rest areas, etc are proposed as per the standards.

The project road is designed as access controlled road due to its high-speed traffic movement. Two lane service road is proposed on both sides of Main Carriageway, separated by divider. Also no median opening is proposed in the project road.

There is no direct access is provided for the Main Carriageway. Entry and exit ramps along with separate lane for acceleration and deceleration are provided to facilitate safe access between Main Carriageway and Service Road. The layout and geometry for entry and exit ramps are designed as per IRC: SP: 84-2014.

Project Section Separate Entry/Exits Combined Entry Ramp Exit Ramp Entry/Exit Ramp Section - 1 5 4 4 Section - 2 6 6 2 Section – 3 5 5 4 Section – 4 0 0 0 Section – 5 3 3 4 Total 19 18 14

Footpaths are proposed on both sides of the project road throughout the length including waterway crossings. The width of footpath is 2m in Section 1, 3m in Section 2, 3 & 5 and 2.5m in Section 4. No exclusive pedestrian crossing facility is proposed in the project whereas the pedestrian can cross the project road through underpasses. The underpasses are proposed in the built-up locations also to facilitate pedestrian crossing the road. The bus bays are located adjacent to the underpasses to increase the access for pedestrian. At-grade pedestrian crossings are proposed for all the intersections with adequate signs, zebra markings, studs, speed breakers, etc.

Highway lighting is proposed throughout the project road to illuminate the roadway by single arm and double arm light poles based on the requirements. Additional lighting is proposed in the truck parking, rest areas and entry/exit ramps. Lighting is proposed inside the underpasses for safe movement of vehicles and pedestrian. High mask lights are proposed at interchanges and major at-grade junctions.

Truck lay-byes are proposed on the main carriageway as per the layout given in IRC:SP:87-2013. The places are selected based on the geometry of highway without interference with other facilities of the project road. Five truck lay byes are proposed in each section of the project road and one truck lay bye is proposed in the link road.

The proposed peripheral road is designed for high speed vehicles/fright movement, and is designed as access controlled facility, so the local bus transport should be in the service roads only. This will enable the bus traffic movement between cross roads and through the project alignment. Bus bays are proposed in the service roads, adjacent to

underpasses to facilitate pedestrian crossings. The layout of bus bays is proposed as per the guidelines of IRC:SP:87-2013. The bus shelters are proposed in each bus bay for passengers. The shelters are designed as structurally safe, aesthetic in appearance and also being functional to protect the waiting passengers from sun, wind and rain. Totally 68 number of bus bays are proposed in the project road.

 Section - 1: 12 Nos. & Link Road: 2 Nos.  Section - 2: 17 Nos.  Section - 3: 15 Nos.  Section - 5: 22 Nos. The rest areas are proposed in the project as suggested in IRC:SP:87-2013 with the facilities like toilets, telephones, cafeteria, restaurant, parking for , buses and trucks, dormitory, rest rooms, fuel stations, etc. Two rest areas are proposed in each section of the project road.

Landscape treatment of the project road shall be designed through planting of trees and ground cover of appropriate varieties and landscaping of locations but not limited to such as on surplus land to the RoW, median, divider and island strip.

15 Utilities

There are various over ground and underground utilities along and across the project corridor in entire length of the project road. The utilities, which will be affected due to implementation of the project, shall be shifted before start the construction activities. Utility shifting plan is prepared and the utility shifting cost for the project is estimated as Rs. 68 Cr.

16 Additional Land Requirement

The project road is predominantly in new alignment which requires acquisition of private land and alienation of government land, except in Section-4 where the improvements are proposed within existing RoW. The project road will involve acquisition of around 665 ha of private land and alienation of around 135 ha of government land. The cost of compensation for 800.59 ha land is estimated as Rs. 3800 Cr.

17 Environmental Impact Assessment

Environmental impact assessment indicates that there is no major environmental concerns in construction of the project road, minor impacts will be mitigated through environmental management plan. The starting stretch of Section 1 requires CRZ clearance from competent authority.

The Section 3 and 5 of project road is passing through forest area for a total length of around 2 km. Hence the project requires forest land of around 10.23 ha.

The project is expected to lead to cutting of about 4797 trees. Out of which 806 trees will be felled and remaining 3991 trees with girth size below 900mm will be transplanted. The 806 tree felling will be compensated by planting 8060 trees at 1:10 ratio.

18 Social Impact Assessment and Resettlement Action Plan

The project will have social impact in terms of loss of livelihood or shelter for which suitable resettlement action plan is prepared. The project affects 616 title holders, 4 encroachers, 328 squatters, 255 tenants and 89 common properties.

19 Cost Estimate

Detailed cost estimate have been worked out based on Rate Analysis /Current Schedule of Rates (2016-17)/Local Market rates and latest data approved by MoRT&H. Project cost, excluding land acquisition cost, is estimated as Rs. 6175 Cr.

20 Conclusion and Recommendations

The project corridor will be an important transport corridor and provide better connectivity around Chennai. This road will connect all the major radial roads including four National Highways and Ennore & Kattupalli Ports which accelerate industrial and economic growth of the State. As a whole, formation of Peripheral road will save travel time/distance of bypass-able traffic and improve Port connectivity.