Environmental Assessment Report
Summary Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 39114 July 2007
India:Tsunami Emergency Assistance (Sector) Project
Prepared by [Author(s)] [Firm] [City, Country] Prepared by Highways Department, Government of Tamil Nadu for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Prepared for [Executing Agency] [Implementing Agency]
The summary initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s be preliminary in nature. members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
Table of Contents Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 1
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report
Table of Contents
• List of Abbreviation ......
1.0 Introduction ...... 1-1 1.1 Background...... 1-1 1.2 Project Influence Area / Corridor of Impact ...... 1-1 1.3 Available Right of Way ...... 1-2 1.4 Statutory Clearances ...... 1-2 1.5 Field Investigations and Data Collection ...... 1-4 1.5.1 Field Visits...... 1-4 1.5.2 Secondary Data Collection ...... 1-4 1.5.3 Primary Data Collection...... 1-4 1.6 Present Submission ...... 1-4
2.0 Project Description ...... 2-1 2.1 Project...... 2-1 2.2 Tsunami – A Critical Overview...... 2-1 2.3 Present Condition ...... 2-3 2.4 Bridge Proposal ...... 2-4 2.5 Alignment and Profile...... 2-4 2.6 Traffic ...... 2-4 2.7 Carriageway...... 2-5 2.8 Cost Estimate of the Proposed High Level Bridge ...... 2-5
3.0 Baseline Environment ...... 3-1 3.1 General ...... 3-1 3.2 Geology...... 3-1 3.3 Seismic Zone ...... 3-2 3.4 Physiography & Land Use ...... 3-2 3.5 Soils ...... 3-2 3.6 Climate...... 3-2 3.7 Ambient Air Quality ...... 3-4 3.8 Ambient Noise Quality ...... 3-6 3.9 Water Quality ...... 3-7 3.10 Pulicat Lake ...... 3-9
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3.11 Ecological Resources ...... 3-10 3.12 Fisheries and Fish Habitat ...... 3-13 3.13 Quality of Life Values...... 3-13
4.0 Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures...... 4-1 4.1 Geology/Stone Quarries ...... 4-2 4.2 Hydrology/Bathymetry ...... 4-2 4.2.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-2 4.3 Soil Borrow Areas ...... 4-2 4.3.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-2 4.4 Land Use...... 4-3 4.4.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-3 4.5 Surface Water Quality...... 4-3 4.5.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-3 4.6 Flora...... 4-3 4.6.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-3 4.7 Air Quality ...... 4-4 4.7.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-4 4.8 Noise ...... 4-4 4.8.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-4 4.9 Vibration...... 4-5 4.9.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-5 4.10 Aquatic Flora and Fauna ...... 4-5 4.10.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-5 4.11 Fisheries Resources ...... 4-5 4.11.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-5 4.12 Construction Debris ...... 4-5 4.12.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-5 4.13 Archaeological/Historical Monuments ...... 4-6 4.13.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-6 4.14 Cultural Heritage / Sensitive / Critical Natural Habitats ...... 4-6 4.14.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-6 4.15 Shrines/Idols/Tombs/Statues...... 4-6 4.15.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-6 4.16 Health, Safety & Hygiene at Construction Camp...... 4-6 4.16.1 Potential Impacts ...... 4-6 4.17 Social Impacts and Mitigation ...... 4-7 4.18 Public & Official Consultations...... 4-7 4.18.1 Interview Survey ...... 4-8
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4.18.2 Official Consultation...... 4-9
5.0 Environmental Mitigation Action Plan...... 5-1 5.1 General ...... 5-1 5.2 Environmental Action Plan...... 5-1 5.2.1 Issues/Project Actions/Environmental Attribues...... 5-1 5.2.2 Mitigation Measures...... 5-1 5.2.3 Responsibility for Implementation...... 5-2 5.2.4 Environmental Management Monitoring Frequency ...... 5-2 5.3 Tehcnical Specifications and Conditions of Contract ...... 5-2 5.4 Environmental Management Plan ...... 5-9
6.0 Institutional Requirements ...... 6-1
6.1 Institutional Setup and Coordination...... 6-1 6.1.1 Department of Highway ...... 6-1 6.1.2 Project Implémentation Agency/Unit ...... 6-2 6.1.3 Environmental Management & Capacity Building ...... 6-2 6.1.4 Project Contractor...... 6-3 6.2 Institutional Strengthening ...... 6-3 6.2.1 Role of Implementing Authority in Construction Phase Mitigation. 6-5
7.0 EMAP Cost Estimate...... 7-1
8.0 Findings and Recommendations ...... 8-1 8.1 Findings ...... 8-1 8.2 Recommendations...... 8-2
9.0 Conclusions ...... 9-1
List of Tables
Table 1.1 : Statutory Clearances Table 2.1 : Villages and kuppam affected in ponneri taluk Table 2.2 : Lives cost & impaired in Thiruvallur District Table 2.3 : Lost and Damaged property in Tiruvallur District Table 3.1 : Classification of the Stratigraphic Succession ...... Table 3.2 : Temperature and Relative Humidity ...... Table 3.3 : Average Annual Rainfall ...... Table 3.4 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality of the Project Corridor...... Table 3.5 : Summary of Noise Levels of the Project Corridor ......
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List of Abbreviations
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 1
List of Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank AMC Asset Management Company BIS Bureau of Indian Standards BP Bank Procedures CMDA Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority CO Carbon Monoxide COI Corridor of Impact CPCB Central Pollution Control Board DP Development Plan DOH Department of Highways DPR Detailed Project Report EA Environmental Assessment EAR Environmental Assessment Report EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environment Management Plan EMAP Environmental Mitigation Action Plan HC Hydrocarbon µg micrograms (10-6 grams) IEE Initial Environmental Evaluation IMP Independent Project Monitor LH Light House IS Indian Standards MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
NOx Nitrogen Oxides OD Operational Directive OP Operational Policy Pb Lead PCU Passenger Car Units PIA Project Implementation Authority PIU Project Implementation Unit RADMAMD Revenue Administation, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department RoW Right of Way RPM Respirable Particulate Matter SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
SO2 Sulphur Dioxides SPM Suspended Particulate matter
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TNPCB Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board TOR Term of Reference ULB Urban Local Body
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Table 3.6 : Water Quality of the Project Corridor ...... Table 3.7 : Arial extent of various Wetland classes in Pulicat area ...... Table 4.1 : People Perception about Environment Degradation ...... Table 4.2 : List of Officials Consulted ...... Table 5.1 : Environmental Mitigation Action Plan Control Matrix ...... Table 5.2 : Environmental Management Plan for Bridge and Approach Road …… Table 6.1 : Institutional Strengthening & Training Requirements...... Table 7.1 : EMAP Cost Estimate ......
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 : Index Map of Project Site...... Figure 2.2 : Typical View of the Tsunami...... Figure 2.3 : View of the Approach Road from Jetty ...... Figure 2.4 : View of the Bridge Location across the Pulicat Lake ...... Figure 2.5 : Bird’s-Eye View of the Project Location...... Figure 2.6 : View of the Approach Road from Light House Kuppam...... Figure 2.7 : Travelling of the Villagers by Boat...... Figure 3.1 : Typical Fishes Caught by Fishermen from Pulicat Lake...... Figure 4.1 : View of the Public Consultations...... Figure 4.2 : Community View about the Environment ......
List of Appendices
Appendix 3.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... Appendix 3.2 : National Ambient Noise Standards...... Appendix 3.3 : Indian Standard Drinking Water Specifications: IS 10500:1991
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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved the financing of Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project (TEAP) comprising a loan of USD 100 Million to India, out of which USD 9.1 Million has been allotted for the construction of 5 High Level Bridges in the Tsunami Affected areas of Tamil Nadu. The Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to construct 5 High Level Bridges (HLB) in Tsunami affected areas on Government roads and village roads, for which detailed engineering study was undertaken through qualified and experienced consultants adopting the Procurement Guidelines of ADB. The Project mainly consists of Construction of HLB with Approach Roads in accordance with the Indian Road Congress (IRC) standards in Tsunami Affected areas to meet the requirements of the local public. The proposed bridge is intended mainly to serve as an escape route for those residing in the island (50,000 people) as well for transporting personnel and equipment to the affected site for emergency response operations.
The State Government of Tamil Nadu has proposed to engage M/s SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. as a consultant to assist the Highways Department in all aspects of the Project Preparation. But the Consultancy services towards the construction of High Level Bridge across Pulicat Lake in Pulicat Light House Kuppam in Tiruvallur District is only for the preparation of documents related to EIA, EMP, RAP and Bid Document.
The proposed High Level Bridge is to be constructed at the tail end of the extended Chennai-Pulicat Lake Road in Thiruvallur district, which ends at the boat-jetty on the waterfront of the Buckingham Canal with a vast spread of over flown tidal waters from the lake, in the North.
1.2 Project Influence Area/Corridor of Impact
The proposed High Level Bridge Construction is across the Pulicat Lake along with the approach road on both sides of the Lake. The start of approach road is on Pulicat Village and end approach road is on Light House Kuppam.The proposed Right of Way for the approach roads on the Pulicat Village and Light House Kuppam is varying from 15m to 30m while in case of the Pulicat Lake, the propose RoW is 12m for the bridge portion.
The alignment of the bridge is taken along the existing road up to the Pulicat Lake and it is extended along the same line over Pulicat Lake and Light House Kuppam.Horizontal
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curves are avoided. Lesser land acquisition is involved in the main land due to the presence of existing road.
1.3 Available Right of Way
The survey work conducted for the proposed project shows that the available RoW in the existing road on mainland of the Pulicat Village from building line to building line varies between 15m to 30m. There is no road on the island side of Light House Kuppam village. The land of the proposed project belongs to the Government of India. Some portion of the Light House Kuppam belongs to the Villagers which is now acquired by the department and registered in the name of District Collector, Thiruvallur as a gift.
1.4 Statutory Clearances
Owing to the unavailability of sufficient land, the construction of the bridge and the approach roads require some land acquisition on both sides of the Pulicat Lake. Land acquisition will be limited to 15m at the beginning of the embankments and 30m near the bridge abutment on both sides. The corridor of impact/right of way of the proposed bridge project traverse through bird sanctuary area. Necessary proposal for getting clearance from Govt. of India have been initiated. The Bridge alignment is across Pulicat Lake, which comes under backwater flow of the sea causing tidal effects on lake water.
As per the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification 1991 and its subsequent and extraordinary Gazette Notification and amendments up to the year 2002, CRZ Clearance is required as per the conditions and guidelines of the Department of Environment, Government of Tamil Nadu and Ministry of Environment & Forest, Government of India.For the construction of the proposed High Level Bridge, the clearance from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board is required. Prior approvals for tree felling are to be sought from the District Collector / RDO.
Table 1.1 Statutory Clearances
CLEARANCE CLEARANCE STATUS S.NO REQUIRED REQUIRED FROM FOR
Proposal sent to the Warden, Wild life , Forest department, Chennai-18 by the SE (H), Chengalpattu on 21.11.06. The Warden, Wild life inspected the site on 05.12.06 and Government of forwarded the proposal to the Chief wild life warden, Chennai on 1 Bird Sanctuary India 06.12.06. The Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Chennai forwarded the proposal to the Secretary to Government, Environment and Forests department, Chennai on 21.12.06 with a request to
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CLEARANCE CLEARANCE STATUS S.NO REQUIRED REQUIRED FROM FOR
forward the same to the Government of India for placing before the Standing Committee of National Board of Wildlife for Clearance. The proposal returned by the Government on 05-01-2007 with remarks. The PCCF sent the proposal after attending to remarks to the Secretary to Government, Environment and Forests department, on 12.01.07. The Secretary to Govt., Environment & Forests dept, Chennai forwarded the proposal to the Inspector General of Forests, Environment & Forests dept, GOI, NewDelhion 19.02.07 with a request to move the GOI for placing it before the Standing Committee of National Board of Wild life. ADE,Ponneri has been deputed to New Delhi on 14.04.07 to meet the Honourable Minister for Forest and Envt., GOI and the Principal Secretary and Additional Principal Secy., to the Forest department in this regard. Construction of Tamil Nadu Proposal has been forwarded byTamil Nadu Pollution Control 2 the High Level Pollution Control Board to State Environmental department for clearance. Bridge Board Proposal sent to Joint Chief Environmental Engineer (Pollution Control Board), Ambattur on 26.07.06. Joint inspection by the ADE(H), Ponneri with District Engineer, PCB, Ambattur, completed on 20.09.06. District Coastal Regulation Zone committee meeting held on 26.09.06 by the Collector, Thiruvallur and the proposal has been approved. Proposal approved by the Collector, Thiruvallur has been sent to Ministry of the Director of Environment, Chennai on 25.10.06. Bridge alignment Environment & Scrutiny fees of Rs 2.00 Lakhs remitted to the Director, 3 under Coastal Forest, Environment by the DE(H), Chengalpattu for all 5 works on Regulation Zone Government of India 14.11.06. Fees of Rs. 5.00 Lakhs remitted to the Director, Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna university for obtaining HTL survey map on 01.12.06. HTL Survey completed by Anna University on 24.12.06. HTL Survey map received by the DE(H), Chengalpattu from Anna University on 07.02.07 and the same is sent to to the Director, Environment by the DE(H), Chengalpattu on 08.02.07. Approval awaited from the Environmental department District Department is taking care for clearance from local authority 4 Felling of Trees Collector/RDO Proposal with Land plan schedule sent to the Collector, Tiruvallur on 17.07.06 by the DE(H), Chengalpattu and the same is under scrutiny in the Collectorate. Revenue Joint inspection of with Sub-Collector,Ponneri,Thasildar,Ponneri Land Plan 5 Department and ADE(H), Ponneri completed on 28.12.06 and the same is Schedule Thiruvallur under scrutiny of the Thasildar,Ponneri. Consent letter obtained by the Thasildar, Ponneri on 06.02.07. Land has been registered in the name of the District Collector,Thiruvallur on 28.05.07 as a gift deed.
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1.5 Field Investigations and Data Collection
1.5.1 Field Visits
The Environmental Expert/Environmental Engineer visited the project site in 3rd week of March 2006 for an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). This was followed by subsequent one more visit in the 3rd week of May 2006 for the detailed baseline environmental investigations and data collection.
1.5.2 Secondary Data Collection
Upon completion of the Initial Environmental Examination, secondary environmental data pertaining to the significant environmental issues were collected from various government and non-government Organisations / Departments / Institutions.
1.5.3 Primary Data Collection
During the Initial Environmental Examination, baseline primary data were generated for the selected environmental attributes along the project site. The attributes monitored were ambient air quality, ambient noise, water quality, soil quality, vegetation, aquatic flora and fauna for the parameters like primary productivity, phytoplanktons and zooplanktons. The test procedures for baseline data generation were in conformity with the guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Board, Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India, relevant Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the procedures as applicable. The summary of investigations is included under respective various subsections Chapter 3.0- Base Line Environment.
1.6 Present Submission
This report presents an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) & EMP in accordance with the Environmental Assessment Requirements of the Asian Development Bank for the Loan component of the Construction of High Level Bridge across Pulicat Lake in Pulicat Light House Kuppam in Tiruvallur district.
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2.0 Project Description
2.1 Project
The proposed project Bridge is a High level Bridge at the tail end of the extended Chennai- Pulicat Lake Road in Ponneri Taluq of Tiruvallur district. The Pulicat Lake is located in Buckingham Canal at about 2 Km from the confluence point with Bay of Bengal. The Chennai-Pulicat Road is major district road. There is no existing structure at present to cross the Pulicat Lake at this site. The bridge location is given in Figure 2.1
2.2 Tsunami – A Critical Overview
On 26th December 2004, an earthquake of magnitude 9.3 on the Richter scale, with its epicentre off the coast of Sumatra, triggered the tsunami in the Indian Ocean at 6.29 a.m. IST. The seismic fault ran north to south beneath the ocean floor, while the tsunami waves shot out west to east. Within minutes of the earthquake, the first tsunami
struck the Indonesian island of Simeule, Figure 2.2 Typical View of the Tsunami located approximately 40km from the epicentre. The earthquake was felt widely along the coasts of India.
Tamil Nadu has a coastline of 1,076 km (12% of the total coastal length of the country) of which 60 km is on the west coast (Kanniyakumari district). The devastating waves that lashed several coastal districts of the state (Chennai, Tiruvallur, Kancheepuram, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Thanjavur, Thoothukudi, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli, Kanniyakumari, Pudukottai and Villupuram) left atleast 7995 dead and rendered thousands of people homeless. More than 10 lakh people were directly or indirectly affected by the Tsunami in Tamil Nadu. The majority of those affected had fisheries and farm-based livelihoods or were employed in associated enterprises. While fisheries were the worst hit, crops and livestock also suffered substantial losses.
Fishing and its related activities are of economic importance along the Tamil Nadu coast. Apart from actual fishing, fisheries-related activities such as fish marketing, fish transport, loading, unloading and other labour associated with fish handling, fish processing (drying and curing), boat making and repair, net making and repair, repair of engines, etc. are important sources of employment and livelihood. In the past two decades, there has also
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been an increase in aquaculture along the coast, particularly of shrimp. Apart from death and the destruction of houses, fishing implements, thousands of boats and catamarans were damaged. (Source: RADMAMD, Govt. of Tamil Nadu)
Tiruvallur district has a coastline of about 27.9 Km. About 29 people lost their lives in Tiruvallur district. Large amounts of fishing implements suffered damage. More severe was the loss of livelihood of many families sustaining on fishing in places like Pulicat. The following tables show the extent of damage in terms of human lives and property loss;
Table 2.1: Villages and Kuppams Affected in Ponneri Taluk Village Kuppam Pazhaverkadu Goonagkuppam (Pulicat) Thirumalai Nagar Sembasipalli Kuppam Arangamkuppam Nakkathuravu Pallikuppam and Pettai Karimanal Vairavankuppam Light House Nadu Kuppam Light House Kuppam Thangal Perumbulam Sathankuppam Karungali Koraikuppam Kattupalli Kattupalli Source: National Informatics Centre, Tiruvallur
Table 2.2: Lives Lost and Impaired in Tiruvallur District No. of No. of Population Population Human Persons Orphaned Women Villages Kuppams of the affected Lives injured Children Widowed Affected Affected District as by Lost per 2001 Tsunami Census 6 38 27,54,756 15,600 29# - - 6 # 29 = Adult -20 (9 Male and 11 Female), Children -9 (3 Male and 6 Female)
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Table 2.3 : Lost and Damaged Property in Tiruvallur District Cattle Boats Fishing Nets Catamarans Vallams Mechanised Wooden FRP* Boats 220 516 570 - - 2888 * FRP - Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic
2.3 Present Condition At present there is no bridge to link Chennai-Pulicat road and the island, and the people use boats to commute between the main land and the island. During emergency situations like cyclone, storm and Tsunami, boats could not be used and the island will be completely cut off from the main land. The people coming from Chennai or other parts of the cities get down at Pulicat and they have to travel by the boats to reach their destinations in the Island. The carriage way of the Chennai-Pulicat road is about 3.5 m which runs up to the lake. There is no existing road in the island along the existing alignment. The following figures show the conditions of the Project location.
Figure 2.3 View of the Approach Road Figure 2.4 View of the Bridge Location from Jetty across the Pulicat Lake
Figure 2.5 Bird’s-Eye View of the Figure 2.6 View of the Approach Road Project Location from Light House Kuppam
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2.4 Bridge Proposal The zero Chainage of the alignment starts at Km 55/810 i.e. 10 m away from Km 55/800. It runs straight up to Chainage 340 m where the bridge starts. Further, the alignment continues in a straight line up to Chainage 820 m where the bridge ends. Again the alignment continues in a straight line and ends at Chainage 1100 m near Gurukula School. Upto Chainage 240 m commercial buildings are located on both sides of the alignment. Beyond this, up to the end, the alignment runs over Pulicat Lake and on open land except near the premise of Gurukula School at the end.
The bridge consists of 21 spans of 21.6 m centre to center. The central span is raised over the other spans with a road level of +7.230 m. The spans on either side of the central span are in a gradient of 1 in 120. The road level at the abutment on either side is +5.491 m. The abutments are connected by approaches on both sides having the same gradient of 1 in 120 of the bridge. The approach slope ends at Chainage 150 m in the main land and at 1050 m in the island of Light House Kuppam.The details are given in Site Plan given in Figure 2.6.
2.5 Alignment and Profile The existing horizontal alignment will be almost straight avoiding horizontal curves and vertical alignment of the approach roads to the bridge will have to be maintained as per the bridge alignment. A vertical clearance of 3.09 m above HFL is provided for the navigation purpose. The alignment is proposed such that no significant land acquisition/social/environmental concerns are involved.
2.6 Traffic The traffic in Chennai-Pulicat road in the stretch near to Pulicat Lake is less as it is a dead end. Only vehicles for transporting fish to & fro the Fish Market and vehicles of tourists are using the road in addition to the regular buses. The only mode of conveyance between mainland of Pulicat Village and the Island is by boat. About 6 numbers of boats are used for ferrying
passengers and other materials. Bullock Figure 2.7 Traveling of the Villagers by Carts are also being used for transporting Boat materials during low water times. About 50 trips are being made by the boats and nearly 5000 people use this mode of conveyance daily. Figure 2.7 depicts the traveling mode.
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2.7 Carriageway
The proposed carriageway of the approach road is 7 m with a formation width of 12 m. The carriageway width of the bridge is 7.5 m with footpath on either side. The outer to outer width of bridge is 12 m.
2.8 Cost Estimate of the Proposed High Level Bridge
The cost for construction of the proposed High Level Bridge across Pulicat Lake at the tail end of the extended Chennai-Pulicat Lake Road in Pulicat Light House Kuppam in Ponneri taluq of Tiruvallur district is estimated at approximate Indian Rupees 10 crores.
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Chapter 3.0 Baseline Environment Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 3- 1
3.0 Baseline Environment
3.1 General
The baseline environment of the Corridor of Impact and the region through which the Proposed Bridge traverses was assessed during Initial Environmental Examination. The significant environmental attributes are described hereunder:
3.2 Geology
The Archeans represented by charudetite are exposed in the southern and south eastern parts of the district Thiruvallur. In the central and the western parts, upper Gondawana rocks are seen. Upper Gondwana sediments and marine sediments in the southern parts and marine sediments of lower cretaceous age in the central and north eastern parts and laterite cappings over parts of both upper Gondwana and marine sediments are found. The revised classification of the stratigraphical succession both continental and marine sediments in the project district is given below:
Table 3.1 : Classification of the Stratigraphic Succession Age Group Continental Marine Holocene to Recent - Quaternary deposits, Quaternary viz. alluvium, laterites deposits;viz. Plaeo channels laterites,alluviu deposits and m, deposits of Conjeevaram gravels Paleo Channels Tidal flats, sand dunes and Conjeevara gravels Mio-Pliocene - Cuddalore Formation - Lower Cretaceous Upper Sriperumbudur Avadi Gondawana Formation, Satyavedu Formation formation Unconformity Permian Lower Talchir Formation - Gondwana Unconformity Précambrien Archaean Archaean Archaean
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3.3 Seismic Zone
As per the classification of the Bureau of Indian Standards, the entire India has been classified into various zones depending upon the degree upon proneness to earthquakes. The Seismic Zones of India are classified as Zone I, II, III, IV and V. Zone-I signify lesser degree of magnitude while Zone V is of the highest order. As per the new map, the project corridor falls within Seismic Zone-III.
3.4 Physiography and Land Use
The general terrain of the project region is plain and the project area traverse entirely within the alluvial plain of the Pulicat Village and Light House Kuppam. The configuration of the project ground based for approach roads is coupled with vast spread of the lake water under the flow of backwater. The general land use of the project region is surrounded by the lake water and sandy land on both sides of the Pulicat Lake.
3.5 Soils
The soils in the study area and the vicinity of the project can be broadly classified as medium and fine sand with silt. The soil of the project region is mostly sandy, mixed with soda or other alkali or stony material. Rocks found in and near the surface are in detached masses. Hence, the soil can't be termed as very fertile. The soil found nearer the sea coast is of the inferior erinaceous type which is most suited for raising casuarinas plants. The productivity of soil is poor to average.
3.6 Climate
3.6.1 Seasons
The nearest meteorological observatory is at Nungambakkam. The climate of the project area is characterised by the oppressive summer and good seasonal rainfall. The year divided in to four seasons. The summer season from March to May is followed by the southwest monsoon season from June to September. October and November constitute the post monsoon or retreating monsoon season. The period from December to February is the north-east monsoon season with the associated rains being confined to December.
3.6.2 Temperature
Temperature increases steadily from about the middle of February. May is the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 37.90C and the mean daily minimum at 18.50C. Due to moisture content in the air, the weather is oppressively hot during hot
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season. During summer, day temperature exceeds 420C. With the onset of southwest monsoon by about the beginning of June, temperature decreases slightly. The highest maximum temperature recorded at Nungambakkam was 44.30C on May 22, 1980 and the lowest minimum was 15.60C on January 9, 1946.
3.6.3 Humidity
Humidity is generally high throughout the year. In summer the relative humidity is between 55 to 88 percent while during the monsoon months it is generally above 80%. The details of the highest and lowest temperature and relative humidity recorded in territory are given in Table 3.2. Table 3.2: Temperature and Relative Humidity Year and Month Mean Daily Maximum Mean Daily Minimum Humidity in % Temperature in 0C Temperature in 0C Normal Actual Normal Actual 0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs 2006 January 28.4 30.3 20.6 21.2 81 65 February 29.9 31.5 21.2 21.3 79 59 March 31.9 33.3 23.1 24.8 76 67 April 33.6 35.5 25.9 27.0 72 69 May 36.4 37.0 27.6 27.9 67 70 2005 January 28.4 30.6 20.6 21.7 79 65 February 29.9 32.1 21.2 22.2 78 62 March 31.9 33.6 23.1 25.2 75 68 April 33.6 34.0 25.9 26.6 77 73 May 36.4 37.3 27.6 28.0 70 69 June 36.6 38.3 27.2 28.8 57 55 July 34.7 36.2 25.9 26.9 68 67 August 33.9 35.8 25.3 26.6 70 67 September 33.5 34.9 25.3 25.9 72 68 October 31.4 32.0 24.3 24.6 84 79 November 29.2 29.4 22.8 22.4 86 79 December 28.1 28.6 21.6 21.9 88 80 Source: Regional Meteorological Centre, Chennai
3.6.4 Rainfall
The average annual rainfall in the state is 1100.5 mm. The annual rainfall varies from 1001 mm to 1200 mm. The rainfall during the southwest monsoon season, June to September, amounts to 35 of annual rainfall. About 55% of the annual normal rainfall is received during October to December, November being the rainiest month. Distribution of rainfall throughout the year in the project area has been shown in Table 3.3.
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Table 3.3: Average Annual Rainfall Year South West Monsoon North East Monsoon (June to September) in mm. (October to December) in mm.
Normal Actual Normal Actual
2005 463.7 449.5 417.9 604.1 2004 351.6 449.5 450.0 604.1
Source: Regional Meteorological Centre, Chennai
3.6.5 Cloudiness
During the southwest monsoon and post monsoon seasons and early part of the northeast monsoon season, skies are generally heavily clouded and overcast on some days. In April and May, afternoons are more clouded than the mornings.
3.6.6 Wind
Winds are generally moderate with some strengthening in force in the first half of the south west monsoon season and in North east monsoon season. The winds in afternoons are stronger than in the mornings during October to May. During southwest monsoon, winds are south westerly to southwest in the mornings and mainly south easterly to southerly in the afternoons. In October, winds are from direction between southwest and northwest in the mornings and between northeast and southeast in the afternoons. During November to January, winds are from directions between northwest and northeast in mornings and common in north and east in afternoon. During February to May, winds are variable and changes east to southeast.
3.6.7 Special Weather Phenomena
Storms and depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal during the post-monsoon and early part of the north east monsoon cross the east coast and cause widespread heavy rain and gusty winds. Thunderstorms occur during the summer and post monsoon periods. Even in the south west monsoon season, rainfall is often associated with thunder.
3.7 Ambient Air Quality
The study area represents mostly rural environment all along the proposed road between Pulicat Village to Light House Kuppam. The major sources of air pollution in the region are vehicular traffic and dust arising from field / road activities. The air quality is to be co-
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related with the existing traffic on the crossing. Generally the traffic has influence on ambient air quality. National Ambient Air Quality Standards are presented in Appendix 3.1.
Ambient Air Quality was measured at places which are considered sensitive to air quality and in general representative of the particular location for the project road. The selection of location has been done keeping in view the land use of area, traffic pattern / characteristics and settlement aspects. The selected locations are Juditha Complex Terrace, Kottai Street in Pulicat Village and near the project site opposite to the Hospital.
The monitoring has been carried out with the help of High Volume Sampler on a continuous 24 hour basis with average flow of 1.4 to 1.6 m3/minute in three shifts. The instrument has been fixed at a height of 3m above ground level and in downwind direction. Table 3.4: Summary of Ambient Air Quality of the Project Corridor Monitoring Particulates, ug/m3 Gaseous Pollutants, ug/m3
Location Reference Period, RPM SPM Pb SO2 NOx CO HC Hrs. Pulicat Juditha Complex 14:00- 46 92 <0.05 7 8 <114.5 <65 Village Terrace, Kottai 22:00 Street Near the Opp. Hospital 22:00- 42 81 <0.05 6 6 <114.5 <65 Proposed 06:00 Site 06:00- 53 98 <0.05 8 9 <114.5 <65 14:00 Minimum-Maximum (Range) 42-53 81-98 <0.05 8-Jun 9-Jun <114.5 <65 Arithmetic Mean 47 90.3 <0.05 7 7.7 <114.5 <65 NAAQ Norms* 100 200 0.1 80 80 2,000 - Source: Field Survey conducted by SAI
Legend :
RPM-Respirable Particulate Matter; SPM-Suspended Particulate Matter; Pb-Particulate Lead (as Pb);
SO2 - Sulphur dioxide; NOx-Oxides of Nitrogen ;
CO-Carbon monoxide and HC-Hydrocarbons (as CH4) * : NAAQ Norms-National Ambient Air Quality Norms - 24 hourly - stipulated by CPCB/TNPCB for Residential, Rural and other Areas ; - : Not included/not available
The summary of report on Ambient Air Monitoring carried out from 23-06-2006 to 24-06-
2006 and is given in Table 3.4. The parameters monitored were SPM, RPM, Pb, SO2,
NOx, CO, and HC. The general standards for SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) is 200 µg/m3 and the Respirable Particulate Matter is 100 µg/m3. Analysis of reports of samples
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shows that results for all the parameters tested are well within the prescribed limits of CPCB.
3.8 Ambient Noise Quality
The ambient noise levels were also measured along the alignment at the same location as finalised for the air quality as mentioned above. The selection of location has been done keeping in view the land use of area, traffic pattern / characteristics and settlement aspects. Integrated digital sound level meter were used for monitoring. At the monitoring
location near Pulicat Bazar, the minimum, maximum and average Leq at day time, noise levels are 35.9 dB(A),86.9 dB(A),47.6 dB(A) respectively. For night time the maximum,
minimum and average Leq are 35dB (A), 77.6 dB (A) and 43.3 dB(A) respectively. The Maximum noise levels exceed the prescribed limits i.e.65-55 dB (A) of the Central Pollution Control Board. Similarly at the monitoring location of Light House Kuppam, the
minimum, maximum and average Leq at day time, noise levels are 30.4 dB(A),84.3dB(A),40.7 dB(A) respectively. For night time the maximum, minimum and
average Leq are 30dB (A), 72.3 dB (A) and 37.7 dB (A) respectively. The Maximum noise levels which are mentioned above are higher than the prescribed limits i.e.55-45 dB (A) of the Central Pollution Control Board. Table 3.5 shows the results of the noise level monitoring. The standards are given in Appendix 3.2.
Table 3.5: Summary of Noise Levels of the Project Corridor Sr. Time, Site near Pulicat Bazar Site, Light House Kuppam No. in dB in dB hrs. Min. Max. Leq Min. Max. Leq 1 06:00-07:00 35.9 66.4 42.7 30.7 72.2 38.2 2 07:00-08:00 36.6 77.1 43.6 32.4 76.3 39.6 3 08:00-09:00 38.4 80.6 45.9 34.4 77.5 40.7 4 09:00-10:00 39.6 84.1 46.3 33.6 78.3 41.5 5 10:00-11:00 41.4 82.6 48 35.2 72.7 41.3 6 11:00-12:00 38.6 79.5 49.6 30.7 65.2 41 7 12:00-13:00 39 80.4 48.8 31.3 68.4 40.4 8 13:00-14:00 40.2 77.9 49.1 32.6 62.4 40.6 9 14:00-15:00 38.9 76.6 48.6 32.9 70.2 41.3 10 15:00-16:00 39.4 78.2 47.9 33.6 84.3 40.1 11 16:00-17:00 40.6 75.9 48.2 32.9 82.3 42.2 12 17:00-18:00 42.8 77.6 50.4 34 77.9 41.8 13 18:00-19:00 44.9 82.4 50.9 34.7 76.6 42.2
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Sr. Time, Site near Pulicat Bazar Site, Light House Kuppam No. in dB in dB hrs. Min. Max. Leq Min. Max. Leq 14 19:00-20:00 42.7 86.9 48.6 34.1 68.1 42.7 15 20:00-21:00 40.6 85.1 47.5 30.4 67.9 38.9 16 21:00-22:00 39.8 80.7 45.4 31.5 64.8 38 Min., Max. & Ld 35.9 86.9 47.6 30.4 84.3 40.7 17 22:00-23:00 39 77.6 44.3 30 66.6 38.1 18 23:00-24:00 38.2 70.4 44.6 30.7 58.3 38.6 19 00:00-01:00 36.6 66.3 42.6 30.5 72.3 37 20 01:00-02:00 37 60.2 41.9 31.9 69.7 37.7 21 02:00-03:00 36.9 55.9 42.2 31.8 62.9 36.6 22 03:00-04:00 37.4 56.6 42.6 32.4 67.8 37.4 23 04:00-05:00 35 57.3 42.9 31.7 68.6 37.3 24 05:00-06:00 37.2 58.6 43.8 32.6 70.2 38 Min., Max. & Ln 35 77.6 43.3 30 72.3 37.7 Legend : Min.-Minimum, Max.-Maximum; Leq-Equivalent Noise Level (hourly); Ld-Day Time Equivalent Noise Level (06:00-22:00 hrs.); Ln-Night Time Equivalent Noise Level (22:00-06:00 hrs.). * : MoEF Norms-Ministry of Environment and Forests’ Ambient Noise Norms (Leq). A warning limit of 85 dB(A) is set as the level below which very little risk to unprotected ear
of hearing impairment exists for 8-hour exposure.
3.9 Water Quality
Water environment consists of sea, rivers, tanks, wells, ponds, lakes, and irrigation dams. The Pulicat Lake is a backwater course with some salinity in the lake water spread throughout the lagoon. The major utility of the lake water is for the catching of the fish. The villagers get the drinking water either from water supply scheme or the hand pumps installed in the village.
Water quality can be expressed in terms of physical, chemical and biological characterisation of water. Water samples have been collected and analysed at a laboratory approved by Central Pollution Control Board and Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board. The tests are tabulated in Table 3.6. It is found from the results that parameters of the surface water quality of the Pulicat Lake and the bore well in Light House Kuppam are well within the permissible limits prescribed by IS: 7967 and IS 10500:1991 respectively. The Dissolved Oxygen is reported as 5.4 mg/l which is more than the stipulated limit of 3
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mg/l. which indicates the water is free from pollutants. The drinking water standards are given Appendix 3.3.
Table 3.6: Water Quality of the Project Corridor Sr. Parameter Borewell IS:10500 Pulicat Lake IS:7967 No. near Kavi Norms* House LH Kuppam near the Site Norms** 1 pH 7.69 6.5-8.5 7.96 6.5-8.5 2 Colour, Hazen units <2 5/25# No noticeable No noticeable colour colour 3 Odour (as perceived) Agreeable Agreeable No offensive No offensive odour odour 4 Temperature, oC 27.2 - 28.9 - 5 Turbidity, NTU 1.2 10 3.5 - 6 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/l 4.2 - 5.4 3.0(min) 7 Salinity, ppt <1 - 33.6 - 8 Electrical Conductivity, 720 - 45600 - umhos/cm 9 Total Suspended Solids, 14 - 36 No visible SS mg/l 10 Total Dissolved Solids, 480 500/2000 36800 - mg/l
11 BOD3 days @ 27ºC , mg/l <2 - 2 5 12 COD, mg/l 28 - 74 - 13 Oil & Grease, mg/l Nil - Nil 0.1 I Total Hardness (as 190 300/600 7000 -
CaCO3), mg/l Ii Calcium Hardness, mg/l 110 - 2500 - 14 Magnesium Hardness, mg/l 80 - 4500 - 15 Calcium (as Ca), mg/l 44 75/200 1000 - 16 Magnesium (as Mg), mg/l 19 30/100 1080 - 17 Sodium (as Na), mg/l 64 - 9800 - 18 Potassium (as K), mg/l 2 - 520 - 19 Chlorides (as Cl), mg/l 148 250/1000 18800 -
20 Sulphates (as SO4), mg/l 46 200/400 2600 -
21 Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3), 90 200/600 130 - mg/l 22 Iron (as Fe), mg/l 0.12 0.3/1.0 0.18 - 23 Fluorides (as F), mg/l 0.24 1.0/1.5 1.22 -
24 Nitrates (as NO3), mg/l 0.1 45/100 1.13 -
25 Phosphates (as PO4), mg/l Nil - 0.08 -
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Sr. Parameter Borewell IS:10500 Pulicat Lake IS:7967 No. near Kavi Norms* House LH Kuppam near the Site Norms** 26 Cyanides (as CN), mg/l Nil 0.05 Nil -
27 Phenols (as C6H5OH), mg/l Nil 0.001/0.002 Nil - 28 Chromium (as Cr), mg/l <0.01 0.05 <0.01 - 29 Copper (as Cu), mg/l <0.01 0.05/1.5 0.04 - 30 Aluminium (as Al), mg/l <0.01 0.03/0.2 <0.01 - 31 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l <0.01 0.01 <0.01 - 32 Arsenic (as As), mg/l <0.01 0.05 <0.01 0.2 33 Mercury (as Hg), mg/l <0.001 0.001 <0.001 0.001 34 Lead (as Pb), mg/l <0.01 0.05 <0.01 - 35 Zinc (as Zn), mg/l <0.01 5 0.06 - 36 Percent Sodium, % 41.9 - 73.5 - 37 Total Coliforms, MPN/100 <2 Absent 500 1000 ml 38 Faecal Coliforms, -0- Absent 140 - MPN/100 ml 39 E. Coli, MPN/100 ml -0- Absent 60 - 40 Primary Productivity, mg - - 323 - C/m3/day 41 Phytoplanktons, Nos./l - - 2720 - 42 Zooplanktons, Nos./cu.m - - 6860 - Source: Field Survey conducted by SAI Legend • * : IS 10500:1991-Drinking Water Standards; # : Requirement/Permissible Limit in the absence of alternate source. • **: IS:7967 Norms-Indian Standard Criteria for Controlling Pollution of Marine Coastal Areas; Harbour-for Harbour Waters & Others-for Bathing, Recreation, Shell Fish and Commercial Fish Culture, Salt Manufacture, etc. • Note: Inter-tidal impacts exist at the Pulicat Lake; - : Not included/Not available.
3.10 Pulicat Lake
The proposed Bridge is to be constructed across Pulicat Lake. This lake is in Buckingham canal at about 2 km from its confluence point with Bay of Bengal. There is a huge waterfront of the Buckingham Canal with a vast spread of over flown tidal waters from the lake, in the North. This Pulicat Lake is a saltwater lagoon. It is the second largest backwater lake in India. It is located between 13º26' and 13º43' N latitude and 80º03' and 80º18' E longitude lying almost parallel to the Bay of Bengal. It is extending over the
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Ponneri and Gummidipundi Taluk of Thiruvallur district in Tamilnadu and Sulurpet and Tada Taluk of Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh and covers an area of about 461square km. Table 3.7 shows the aerial extent of various wetland classes in Pulicat area. The lake extends to about 59 km in north to south direction with a maximum width of 17 km in east to west direction in the northern sector of the lake. The lake at its southern end, near north of Pulicat town open into the Bay of Bengal by narrow pass into the sea. The lagoon has a high water spread area of 460 square km and low floodwater spread area of 250 square km. There is always fluctuation of the tidal seawater that changes the pattern of the water in the Pulicat Lake. This Pulicat Lake is one of the important wetlands in Tamilnadu.
The lake at its southern end, near north of Pulicat town opens into Bay of Bengal by a narrow pass into the sea. According to Paul Raj 1976, from March till September, the mouth gets silted and reduced in width and depth, as it shifts position, simultaneously from south to north. The mouth normally gets completely closed once in above five years or even little more frequently if there is no monsoon flood in any particular year.
Table 3.7 : Arial extent of various Wetland classes in Pulicat area Salt Marsh in Mud Flat in square Salt Pan in Square Lake Party in Square Km Km Km Square Km 26.80 0.356 0.257 252.040 Source: Anna University
3.11 Ecological Resources 3.11.1 Aquatic Flora
The Pulicat Lake harbours a variety of aquatic vegetation. However to know the actual status of the phytoplankton, sampling has been done as per IS: 7967. Phytoplankton samples are collected using Phytoplankton net with mouth area of 0.25 m2 and mesh size of 64 µm was towed between 0 and 0.5 m depth from the water surface for five minutes and the collected samples are immediately preserved. Depending upon the biomass concentration, sub-samples are taken to study the whole species diversity. Organisms are identified upto genus level under microscope using standard identification key and counted using a Sedgwick rafter counting chamber. The biomass concentration of phytoplankton is calculated from the displacement volume of water.
The result of the sample analysis of the phytoplanktons is given in Table 3.6 as Item number 41.The result of the lab analysis gives the value of phytoplankton as 2720 Nos/l.
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3.11.2 Aquatic Fauna
There are many varieties of aquatic fauna that take shelter in the brackish water of Pulicat Lake. The aquatic fauna covering fish, prawns, crabs etc. have been covered in the Section 3.13. However, to know the present status of the zooplanktons, samplings have been done as per the Standards of IS: 7967.
Zooplankton samples are collected at 8 locations. Zooplankton net with mouth area of 0.25 m2 and mesh size of 300 µm is towed between 0 and 0.5 m depth for five minutes. Organisms are identified upto genus level under microscope using standard identification key and counted using a Sedgwick rafter counting chamber. The biomass concentration of zooplankton was calculated from the displacement volume of water.
The result of the zooplanktons’ sample analysis in Table 3.6 as Item number 42.The result of the lab analysis gives the value of zooplankton as 6860 Nos/cu.m.
3.11.3 Vegetation Cover
There are only 6 trees coming within the Right of Way of the proposed High Level Bridge with approach roads in the Island portion of the Light House Kuppam. Before the construction work starts, they have to be felled for the proposed Project. The extent of the trees to be felled is to be determined during the construction of the approaches. Most of the trees within the right of way do not have any significant ecological and/or commercial value and have been planted at random.
3.11.4 Forest Area
The RoW and the corridor of impact of the proposed project of the Bridge is falling under notified forest area and some portion belongs to villagers which is now registered in the name of District Collector, Tiruvallur. The Department of Forests, Government of Tamil Nadu, has established a Bird Sanctuary whose boundary crosses the Pulicat Village in which the bridge alignment runs. The bridge location lies at the edge of the south eastern boundary of the bird sanctuary.
The Department of Forest, Government of Tamil Nadu has established the Pulicat Bird Sanctuary about 26 years ago vide G.O.Ms.No.1247, Forests and Fisheries, 22nd Sept.1980 on the Pulicat lagoon primarily to conserve the terrestrial as well as aquatic birds and to tempt the migratory birds which take the Pulicat Lake as a route to stop for a break.
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The Pulicat lagoon is the third most important wetland for the migratory shore birds on the eastern seaboard of India and is protected as a Bird Sanctuary because of its rich biodiversity. The lake is important area for a variety of resident and migratory birds like waterfowl, pelicans, herons, egrets, storks, flamingos, ducks, gulls and terns. It boasts 65 different species of fish, 30 varieties of terrestrial and aquatic birds and a host of small mammals and reptiles. Out of 65 different species, Mullets are of the major portion. And also Silk Fish is common during January – May. Bektis, Berbs, Mimmal and Orge are also common species. Flamingos are the most frequent visitors to the lake. About 15,000 of them visit every year, which is about 31%. Pelicans, Kingfishers, Herons, Painted Storks, Spoonbills and Ducks are some of the other birds that show up at Pulicat Lake in the bird sanctuary every year. The proportion of Green herons is about 21% and Large Egrets are about 19%. Most of the birds’ community are coming from Srilanka, Bangladesh and other parts of Indian Sub-continent. Flamingos are said to be migrating from countries like Malaysia and Singapore. No endangered bird species are found to visit the sanctuary. There is no earmarked individual habitate from different bird species. They occupy more than one habitate spread over the sanctuary.
Since the bridge alignment is at the south-eastern edge of the bird sanctuary the impact due to bridge construction on the sanctuary will be almost nil considering the distance between migratory route, core area and the bridge site. The Bridge site (measured from the centre of the bridge) falls at 3.4 km from the Singapore Migratory route, 5.5 km from the Malaysian migratory route, 8.75 km from the Bangladesh migratory route and 4.3 km from the Srilankan migratory route. The Bridge site (measured from the centre of the bridge) to the core area where birds are migrated from Malaysia is 10 km. The Bridge site (measured from the centre of the bridge) to the core area where birds are migrated from Srilanka is 7 km. The Bridge site (measured from the centre of the bridge) to the core area where birds are migrated from Singapore is 9.25 km. The Bridge site (measured from the centre of the bridge) to the core area where birds are migrated from Bangladesh is 8.75 km.
Application for permission to construct the bridge in the sanctuary area, has been submitted to the Wild Life Warden, Chennai by DoH.
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3.12 Fisheries and Fish Habitat The proposed bridge will be constructed across the Pulicat Lake but fish catching zone is far away from the project area, it will not get influenced by the project construction. The major business in the project region is fishing only. The local economy of the Pulicat Village and Light
House Kuppam depends on the fishing Figure 3.1 Typical Fishes Caught by activity. The Pulicat Lake is a very large one Fishermen from Pulicat Lake and is a good habitat of fisheries which can sustain fisheries business throughout the year. This big reservoir of Pulicat is stocked with different types of commercial fisheries like Rohu, Mrigal, Katla, Ayla, KingFish, Tuna, Mullet, Pamphret, Mayle, Kota, Jelly fish, Mathi, Keluthi, Parrai, Valai, and Ladyfinger etc. Occasionally the fishermen of the Pulicat Village get the shark fish which fetch good amount. Apart from fish, the other marine features which form the major sources of income for the fishermen are Prawns and Crabs.
3.13 Quality of Life Values
3.13.1 Archaeological/Historical Monuments
The corridor of impact / RoW of the proposed project do not have any protected / declared archaeological / historical monuments.
3.13.2 Temples/Shrines/Idols/Statues
The corridor of impact does not have any temple, shrine or any structure of religious importance.
3.13.3 Cultural Heritage/Sensitive/Critical/Natural Habitats
There are no cultural heritage sites falling within RoW of the proposed project. The bridge location lies at the edge of the south eastern boundary of the bird sanctuary of Pulicat.
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Appendix 3.1: National Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Time Sensitive Industrial Residential, Method of weighted area area rural & other measurement average areas Sulphur Annual* 15 µg/m³ 80 µg/m³ 60 µg/m³ Improved West and Dioxide 24 hours** 30 µg/m³ 120 µg/m³ 80 µg/m³ Gaeke Method
(SO2) Ultraviolet Fluorescence Oxides of Annual* 15 µg/m³ 80 µg/m³ 60 µg/m³ Jacab & Hochheiser Nitrogen as 24 hours** 30 µg/m³ 120 µg/m³ 80 µg/m³ Modified (Na-Arsenite) NOx method Gas phase Chemiluminescence Suspended Annual* 70 µg/m³ 360 µg/m³ 140 µg/m³ High Volume Sampler Particulate 24 hours** 100 µg/m³ 500 µg/m³ 200 µg/m³ (Average flow rate not Matter less than 1.1 m³/minute) (SPM) Restorable Annual* 50 µg/m³ 120 µg/m³ 60 µg/m³ Respirable Particulate Particulate 24 hours** 75 µg/m³ 150 µg/m³ 100 µg/m³ Matter Sampler Matter (RPM) size less than 10 µm Lead (Pb) Annual* 0.50 µg/m³ 1.0 µg/m³ 0.75 µg/m³ AAS Method after 24 hours** 0.75 µg/m³ 1.5 µg/m³ 1.00 µg/m³ sampling using EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper Carbon 8 hours** 1.0 mg/m³ 5.0 mg/m³ 2.0 mg/m³ Non - dispersive infrared Monoxide 1 hour 2.0 mg/m³ 10 mg/m³ 4.0 mg/m³ Spectroscopy (CO) Source: Central Pollution Control Board, 1997
Appendix 3.2 : National Ambient Noise Standards Area Code Category of Zones Limits of Leq in dB(A) Day time* Night time* A Industrial 75 70 B Commercial 65 55 C Residential 55 45 D Silence Zone ** 50 40
* Day time is from 6 am to 9 pm whereas night time is from 9 pm to 6 am
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** Silence zone is defined as area up to 100 meters around premises of hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Use of vehicles horns, loud speakers and bursting of cracking are banned in these zones # As mentioned in Appendix 3.2, these noise standards have been given the status of statutory norms vide Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000. However, these rules have changed the periods for ‘Day Time’ and ‘Night Time’ to 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. and 10 p.m. to 6 am respectively.
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Appendix 3.3: Indian Standard Drinking Water Specifications: IS 10500:1991 Permissible Limit in the Sr. Substance or Requirement Undesirable Effect Outside the Absence of Alternate Remarks No. Characteristics (Desirable limit) Desirable limit Source Essential Characteristics Extended to 25 only if toxic Colour, Hazen Units, Above 5, consumer acceptance 1 5 25 substances, in absence of Max. decreases alternate sources. a) A test cold and when 2 Odour Unobjectionable - - heated b) Test at several dilution Test to be conducted only 3 2.1.1.1 Taste Agreeable - - after safety has been established Above 5, consumer acceptance 4 Turbidity NTU, Max. 5 10 decreases Beyond this range the water will not effect 5 pH value 6.5 to 8.5 the mucous membrane and /or water No relaxation supply system Total hardness (as Encrustation in water supply structures an 6 300 600 CaCO3) mg/1, Max. adverse effect on domestic use Beyond this limit taste / appearance are 7 Iron (as Fe) mg /l Max. 0.3 1 affected has adverse effect on domestic
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Permissible Limit in the Sr. Substance or Requirement Undesirable Effect Outside the Absence of Alternate Remarks No. Characteristics (Desirable limit) Desirable limit Source uses and water supply structures and promotes iron bacteria Chlorides (as Cl) mg/1 Beyond this limit, taste corrosion and 8 250 1000 Max. palatability are affected To be applicable only when water is chlorinated. Residual, free Tested at consumer end. 9 0.2 chloride, mg/1 Min. When protection against viral infection is required, it should be Min. 0.5 mg/1 Desirable characteristics Dissolved solids mg/1 Beyond the palatability decreases and 1 500 2000 Max. may cause gastro intestinal irritation Calcium (as Ca) mg/1 Encrustation in water supply structure and 2 75 200 Max. adverse effects on domestic use Magnesium (as Mg) Encrustation in water supply structure and 3 30 1.5 mg/1, Max. adverse effects on domestic use Copper (as Cu) mg/1 Beyond taste, discoloration of pipes, fitting 4 0.05 0.3 Max. and utensils will be caused beyond this Beyond this causes gastro intestinal May b extended up to 400 Sulphate (as 200 5 200 irritation when magnesium or sodium are 400 provided ( as Mg) does not SO2), mg/1, Max. present exceed 30
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Permissible Limit in the Sr. Substance or Requirement Undesirable Effect Outside the Absence of Alternate Remarks No. Characteristics (Desirable limit) Desirable limit Source
Nitrate (as NO2) mg/l, Beyond this methamoglobunemia take To be tested when pollution 6 45 100 Max. place is suspected Fluoride (as F) mg/1, Fluoride may be kept as low as possible. To be tested when pollution 7 1 1.5 Max. High fluoride may cause fluorosis is suspected Phenolic compounds Beyond this it may cause objectionable To be tested when pollution 8 (as C6H5OH) mg/1, 0.001 0.002 taste and odour is suspected Max. Mercury (as Hg) mg/1, To be tested when pollution 9 0.001 Beyond this the water becomes toxic No relaxation Max. is suspected Arsenic (As) mg/1, To be tested when pollution 10 0.05 Beyond this the water becomes toxic No relaxation Max. is suspected Lead (as Pb), mg/1, To be tested when pollution 11 0.05 Beyond this the water becomes toxic No relaxation Max. is suspected Beyond this limit it can cause astringent Zinc (as Zn) mg/1, To be tested when pollution 12 5 taste and an opalescence taste and an 15 Max. is suspected opalescence in water Poly nuclear aromatic 13 hydrocarbons (as - May be carcinogenic above this limit - - PAH) mg/1, Max. 14 Pesticides mg/1, Max. Absent Toxic 0.001 - 15 Alpha emitters bq/1, - - 0.1 -
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Permissible Limit in the Sr. Substance or Requirement Undesirable Effect Outside the Absence of Alternate Remarks No. Characteristics (Desirable limit) Desirable limit Source Max. Source: Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification – IS 10500, 1991
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4.0 Environmental Impacts
The proposed bridge project will improve the natural and social environment if proper mitigation measures are adopted in the design phase, construction phase and operation phase. The environmental scenario in the entire stretch described in earlier chapters has revealed that there are certain environmental issues, which may cause adverse impact and will be limited to construction phase only
The construction works for the project comprise the construction of the bridge across waterways of the Pulicat Lake, construction of the additional paved and unpaved approach roads to the bridge. These activities are expected to contribute to the enhancement in transport capacity, speed, and connectivity between the Kuppams on seaside to Chennai in main land. The most important purpose of the proposed bridge is that it will act as an escape route for those who reside in the island kuppams as well as for transporting emergency response operations required for humanitarian aid, personnel and equipment to the affected site. This connectivity is a major factor which will lead to the economic growth of the island Kuppams. The potential impacts due to the proposed project of bridge construction are summarised hereunder along with the mitigation measures.
4.1 Geology/Stone Quarries
4.1.1 Potential Impacts
The quantity of stone aggregates for the proposed project (pavement and concrete) works conforming to specifications are to be sourced from either the existing or the new quarry sites and hauled to work sites through existing roads. An assessment of the geological conditions indicates that the project region has very little to no potential for stone quarrying operations. The metal quarry from which stones will be brought to the project site is Chikkarayapuram metal quarry having stone bearing areas and its lead distance is about 68 Km. Existing roads will be used for the aggregate hauling operations.
Quarrying and hauling of such quantities of aggregates can lead to an increase in dust and noise levels, increased vehicular emissions in the project road, possible negligence to safety and health of work force due to enhanced pace of operations, unhygienic conditions in work force camps.
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4.2 Hydrology / Bathymetry
4.2.1 Potential Impacts
The impact on surface water hydrology of the lake water due to the construction of the bridge will be of minor nature though the tidal wave flow of backwater will get restricted to some extent as far as its routine directional to and fro flow movement. The small amount of sedimentation will be there at working site for temporary period but that will be also confined to the construction stage.
4.3 Soil / Borrow Areas
4.3.1 Potential Impacts
The proposed project will involve the preparation of the new carriageway and shoulders along the approach roads and the raising of the approach roads to the embankment at initial and ending stretches to match with the levels of the bridge across the Lakewater.Therefore the requirement of earth for these works will be significant and needs to be sourced from nearby areas.
The soils in the study area and the vicinity of the project can be broadly classified as Medium sand with silt. The soils of the project region are predominantly alluvial, developed by the course of sea waves of Bay of Bengal as the land area comes under coastal region. An appraisal of the region for materials particularly for earth presented some possible options. Amongst which preferred option was being the excavation of the earth from Red hills area, which well serve as an embankment/road construction material within an economical distance from the proposed project site.
Excavating such extent of the lands and transporting the earth will likely to induce some impacts. Borrowed materials are to be transported to work sites through existing roads. Borrowing and transporting operations require mitigation measures to contain impacts.
The potential impacts are the change in the land form of source land, erosion problems triggered by borrowing and air pollution; particularly dust levels, due to borrowing and hauling operations.
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4.4 Land Use
4.4.1 Potential Impacts
The construction of the approach roads to the bridge will require some fresh land acquisition and maximum effort has been put to confine the existing Right of Way. The fresh land acquisition will be very marginal and limited to locations like approach roads apart from a erecting some bridge piers within the Lake Water. The land acquired for the RoW does not have vegetative or marshy cover, therefore the impacts of project development are very minimal. The most visible impacts will be during construction only and some contribution will be there from the tree clearing operations within the right of way.
4.5 Surface Water Quality
4.5.1 Potential Impacts
Temporary change in water quality due to the driving of piles for foundation, construction of sub-structure and super structure will lead to deposition of sediments which is confined during construction period only. Temporary Increase in turbidity level is expected due to the above construction activities along with the movement of the construction equipments during construction phase.
4.6 Flora
4.6.1 Potential Impacts
The proposed High Level Bridge with approach roads will only involve the felling of about 6 trees within the RoW. Before the construction work starts, many of them will have to be felled for the proposed Project. The extent of the trees to be felled is to be determined during the detail design stage. During the detail design stage, the design-construction contractor has to explore all possible options to keep the number of trees to be felled to a bare minimum, keeping the objectives of the proposed project. Most of the trees within the right of way do not have any significant ecological and/or commercial value but are planted at random.
The clearing operations of the right of way will not have any other impact on the environmental attributes as the number of trees to be felled is meager in quantity.
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4.7 Air quality
4.7.1 Potential Impacts
There will be some contribution from the construction/operational activities, as it requires earthwork, crushing and cutting works, movement of vehicles which leads to the temporary increase in SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) level. But there may be chances for increased air pollution due to the increased traffic volume in future due to the connectivity of the Bridge to the Island.Human health, terrestrial and aquatic flora and faunal health are the most immediate receptors of the vehicular and constructional activities which lead to the air pollution though not so significant.
The construction of the proposed High Level Bridge across Pulicat Lake will provide improved speed and better connectivity for the through traffic from the Chennai-Ponneri Road to Light House and other Kuppams and vice versa. The connectivity also helps to eliminate the risk posed by the traveling through the boats as the history of accidents itself speaks about these incidents. The project development is therefore likely to have beneficial impact on the air quality along the roadside as compared to present situation. This can be largely attributed to the following:
• The through traffic will cruise at better improved speed as compared to present poor movement with a stop and go pattern through the settlements. In some manner it will help for reduced emissions. • The proposed project of the High Level Bridge will ensure a more uniform speed as compared to the present situation of frequent acceleration/deceleration of vehicles which contribute to increased emissions and therefore increased pollution. • The Department of the Highways, Government of Tamil Nadu will have to co- ordinate with the State Pollution Control Board Authorities of the project region to ensure the air quality of the project region
4.8 Noise
4.8.1 Potential Impacts
Both the construction and operation of the proposed High Level Bridge induce noise impacts. While the noise impacts during the construction stage can be largely controlled, operation stage impacts are generally beyond the purview of the Department of Highway
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authorities. The sources that cause much of the noise are the vehicular noise and the noise generated by the construction equipments.
4.9 Vibration
4.9.1 Potential Impacts
Vibrations induced by the increased traffic can impact on the roadside buildings particularly ancient structures. The corridor of impact has no ancient or archeologically important structures. Therefore, no specific measure for mitigating vibration is required.
4.10 Aquatic Flora and Fauna
4.10.1 Potential Impacts
The aquatic flora, fauna and the sediment quality are going to affect moderately. The food chain of bottom dwelling organisms, particularly small fish or prawns moving in and out of the lake water may get affected during this recuperation period. The construction debris may cover the bottom dwelling organisms and disturb the food chain.
4.11 Fisheries Resources
4.11.1 Potential Impacts
Although the fish spawning grounds and fish catching areas are far away from the project site, there will be migration of some of the marine fisheries that take shelter in and around the project site especially during the construction period.
4.12 Construction Debris
4.12.1 Potential Impacts
The construction work of the approach roads will generate significant quantities of debris from dismantling of the existing unpaved road, jetty, excavation and embankment construction, demolition of the structures within the RoW and site clearing operations of the right of way. The quantity of the debris generated during the project works will not be more. All such dismantled materials are to be safely recycled to the extent possible and disposed off.
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4.13 Impacts on Archaeological / Historical Monuments
4.13.1 Potential Impacts
There are no protected / declared archaeological historically important monuments along project Corridor of impact.
4.14 Cultural Heritage / Sensitive / Critical Natural Habitats
4.14.1 Potential Impacts
The corridor of impact/right of way of the proposed bridge project traverse through bird sanctuary area. Necessary proposal for getting clearance from Govt. of India have been initiated. There are no cultural heritage sites.
4.15 Shrines/Idols/Tombs/Statues
4.15.1 Potential Impacts
There are no shrines, Idols, tombs or the statues of political/spiritual leaders within the corridor of impact/right of way (ROW).
4.16 Health, Safety & Hygiene at Construction Camp
4.16.1 Potential Impacts
The most significant impact of the project on public health is likely to arise from construction camps. These camps are anticipated to house up to 50-80 people for a period of 18 months. Given this concentration of people, the potential for transmission of communicable diseases and illness will increase. During the construction phase work, crews and their dependants may bring with them a multitude of communicable diseases. It will affect workers’ health and hygiene at construction camp. Safety of workers at wet mix plant as well as at construction site is likely to be affected due to procurement of material and operation of machineries.
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4.17 Social Impacts and Mitigation
The social impacts due to the proposed project have been separately assessed and documented in social impact assessment report.
4.18 Public and Official Consultations
Consultation with the stakeholders and government agencies is an integral component of environmental assessment and project design. Without community consultation, a project does not reflect issues or solutions identified by local residents and a lack of government agency consultation can result in missed data and non-conformity with policy and guidelines, in addition to missed opportunities to share experiences and identify solutions to complex concerns/ issues.
The environmental assessment of the bridge construction is required to include agency and community consultation. At this early stage in the process, the consultation is focused on government agencies to ensure that complete and accurate data is incorporated into the screening assessment. Besides above, a questionnaire survey has been conducted to know the community perception about the environmental conditions of the project area.
Figure 4.1: View of the Public Consultations
Figure 4.1 shows the views of the consultation process taken up for the project. Agency consultation during the screening includes meetings/discussions with a number of agencies, government officials etc. The surveys undertaken during this stage include:
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4.18.1 Interview Survey
In order to access the existing environment and likely impacts on the public, an interview survey has been carried out. A large number of people residing 9% in vicinity of the project area, 10% who are likely to be affected due to the present activity, have been interviewed. A common
approach is to interview a 81% representative group of affected Positive Response Negative Response No Response
people and ask a predefined Figure 4.2 : Community View about the Environment set of questions and the response is recorded in a standard format. Precaution has been exercised during the survey to ensure that the group being interviewed is true representation of the affected people and the questions are so worded as not to generate a bias response.
A total of 34 people were interviewed during the survey. 81 percent of the people interviewed had positive response about the overall environmental scenario, 10 percent had negative and 9 percent had no awareness about the environment. Figure 4.2 shows the graphical distribution of people’s perception about the environment.
The views of people on the existing environmental scenario reveals that majority of the people were concerned about the past disasters like Tsunami and probability of the future disasters. An Overwhelming response from the people to construct the Bridge as an escape route cum transportation link as against to the effects of the Tsunami or other natural disasters. The villagers from island have held a rally for the construction of the Bridge. With respect to the drinking water quality, it seems to be good as only 15% people responded negatively. With regarding to the noise levels, 78% respondents informed that noise quality is not a problem at all, but some people were complaining with the noise level due to the vehicular movements and the noise generated in Fish Market during transaction hours due to gathering of the throng. Of the total people interviewed during the survey, 90% respondents felt that air pollution is not significant while some people raise some issue with dust problems which get arised during the plying of the vehicles and the smoke generated by the vehicles. About 55% people informed with regarding the birds and their available species.80% respondents feel that market will get flourished due to the bridge as a transportation link to the island. 92% people have reported that fisheries business will get benefit from the proposed project. 23% people informed about the cultural sites in the area. Table 4.1 shows the response of the people on various environmental features.
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Table 4.1: People Perception about Environment Degradation Sl. Question asked about No. of Positive Negative No No. people response response response interviewed (%) (%) (%) 1 Water quality of hand 34 85 15 0 pumps, tap water & Lake water 2 Noise quality of the area 34 78 22 0
3 Air quality of the area 34 90 10 0
4 Archaeological sites 34 75 5 20
5 Natural disaster 34 100 0 0
6 Rare species of birds 34 55 10 35
7 Cultural sites i.e. market, 34 80 10 10 melas 8 Fisheries 34 92 08 0
9 Proposal of the Bridge 34 95 03 02 w.r.t. to the environment Source: Field survey
4.18.2 Official Consultations
The number of officals from various government and non-government ogranisation has been consulted to assess the actual environmental as well as social conditions of the project region. Table 4.2 gives the list of government officials consulted on the various aspects of environmental issues. Table 4.2: List of Officials Consulted
Sl. No. Name & Designation Address 1. Mr. Ashish Kumar Srivastava Office of the Wildlife Warden Wild Life Warden 259,DMS Compound, IV Floor, Anna Salai Teynampet, Chennai -600 006 Phone : 044-24321471
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Sl. No. Name & Designation Address 2. Mr. Ramamurthy Office of the Wildlife Warden Range Officer 259,DMS Compound, IV Floor, Anna Salai Teynampet, Chennai -600 006 Phone : 044-24321471
3. Mr. Muthu Office of the Wildlife Warden Forester (Pulicat Lake) 259,DMS Compound, IV Floor, Anna Salai Teynampet, Chennai -600 006 Phone : 044-24321471
4. Mr. Venugopal Office of the Wildlife Warden Superintendent 259,DMS Compound, IV Floor, Anna Salai Teynampet, Chennai -600 006 Phone : 044-24321471 5. Mr. Selva Murthy Kumar Swamy Office of the Assistant Director of Fisheries Inspector of Fisheries CMFI Green Road, Near Apollo Hospital Opposite Out Board Motor Engine Ponneri 6. Mr. Krishnamurthy Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board District Environmental Engineer 77 A, Ambathur Industrial Estate South Avenue, Chennai – 600 058 Phone : 044 – 26246522 7. Mrs. Vasuki Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board Assistant Environmental Engineer 77 A, Ambathur Industrial Estate South Avenue, Chennai – 600 058 Phone : 044 – 26248030 8. Mr. Kumar Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board Joint Chief Environmental Engineer 76,Anna Salai,Guindy Chennai – 600 032 Phone : 044-22353134 to 41
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Sl. No. Name & Designation Address 9. Mr. M. Sathyaseelen Department of Environment Superintendent Ground Floor,Panagal Buildings 1,Jeenis Road,Saidapet Chennai – 600 015 Phone : 044 - 24336421 10. Mr. Shekharan Directorate of Stationary & Printing Supervisor Opposite to LIC Building Directorate of Stationary & Printing Anna Salai Chennai - 600 002 Phone: 044- 28520038 11. Data Incharge Directorate of Census Operations (Tamil Directorate of Census Operations Nadu ) (Tamil Nadu) Rajaji Bhavan, Chennai - 600 090 Phone: 044 - 24912993 12. Incharge Kannimara Government Library Kannimara Government Library Near Kannimara Museum, Chennai.
During the following stage i.e. development of the next stage of EA, consultation activities with the communities as well as affected households will be initiated at large scale. Community meetings at village level will also be held throughout the study area at locations, which facilitate attendance, by maximum number of residents.
As with community consultation, agency consultation will continue throughout the stages of the environmental assessment process as well as during execution of the project i.e. follow-up consultations.
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5.0 Environmental Mitigation Action Plan
5.1 General
The IEE of the proposed project of High Level Bridge proposal has identified the broad impacts and their mitigation measures. An environmental mitigation action plan (EMAP) has been drawn up for implementing the mitigation measures. The lEE report along with EMAP are to be appended to the construction contracts to do so that the prospective contractor is clearly aware of the environmental requirements of the proposed project works and accordingly provide for the same in their bids.
5.2 Environmental Mitigation Action Plan
The EMAP broadly comprise; • Identification of the project action(s) and the environmental attributes those are likely to have the impact. • Appropriate mitigation and/or environmental enhancement measures • Responsible agency for the implementation of the mitigation measures • Environmental management and monitoring plan
5.2.1 lssues/Project Actions/Environmental Attribues:
The project actions, which generally induce environmental impacts, are clearing operations of the RoW, temporary traffic diversions during construction period, construction of campsite, haulage roads, quarry and borrowing operations, hauling construction materials, construction of foundation, substructure and super structure, air and noise pollution at all operational areas from the construction equipment, plant and machinery, effects on aquatic flora and fauna, sanitation in workforce camps and plant sites among others.
5.2.2 Mitigation Measures
Appropriate mitigation and/or environmental enhancement measures have been identified for the different environmental attributes, which are likely to be impacted upon.
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5.2.3 Responsibility for Implementation
The EMAP is to be appended to the construction contracts so that the prospective contractor should be aware of the environmental requirements of the proposed construction of the High Level Bridge and accordingly provide for the same in their bids. The implementation of the EMAP by the contractor is to be monitored by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU). The Engineer / His Representative will oversee and monitor the implementation of EMAP on a day to day basis.
The institutional arrangements for implementation of EMAP are described under Chapter 6.0.
5.2.4 Environmental Management Monitoring Frequency
A monitoring mechanism in the form of a control matrix has been framed for overseeing the implementation of the EMAP. The control matrix is presented in Table 5.1.
5.3 Technical Specifications and Conditions of Contract
The Proposed Project of constructing a High Level Bridge will adhere to the Technical Specifications based on the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Specifications for Road and Bridge Works (Fourth Revision) and the Conditions of Contract. Provisions for protection of environment are included in these documents. The Specification has, for instance a number of clauses relevant to environmental concerns. Clause 111 (Precautions for Strengthening the Environment) has general requirements for borrow-pit location, quarry operations control of erosion and pollution, as well as hazardous substances. The Scope of Works (Clause 105) specifies attention to first aid, adequate sanitary arrangements, and regular clearance of rubbish and clearing-up and restoration of site. Clause 201 on Site Clearance has requirements to preserve the roadside trees, for monuments not to be disturbed and for control of erosion and water pollution. It also provides for removal of roots, overhanging trees and wastes. Clause 306 (Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control) provides for provision of terms, sediment basins, fibre mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices to be specified, or directed. It also provides for minimisation of areas opened and corrective actions at Contractor’s expense.
5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN An environmental management plan for the bridge and approach road work has been developed and is presented as Table 5.2.
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Table 5.1 : Environmental Mitigation Action Plan Control Matrix
Sr. Environmental Mitigation measures Monitoring Frequency No. Attributes / Daily Weekly Bi- Monthly Project Actions monthly CONSTRUCTION PERIOD 1 Setting out and Archeological evidences / √ clearing of the idols / tombs if RoW noticed/found - inform Archeological Department, Government of Tamil Nadu 2 Relocation of Ensure complete √ Utilities restoration without impacting existing users 3 Traffic Diversions Diversions to be smooth, √ & Sign Boards sign boards in place, clear & bold particularly in night & cause least inconvenience to road users and Boat drivers and boat users as well. 4 Borrow Areas Seek prior approval from √ √ local concerned regulatory agencies and compliance at all stages of operations. After borrowing ensure re- vegetation, drainage, erosion protection as per EMAP 5 Quarries Compliance of local √ environmental regulations in project specific quarries and at all stages of operations. 6 Haulage roads Avoid of agricultural/useful √ lands, finalization of compensation for land owners if any, regular inspection to check
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Sr. Environmental Mitigation measures Monitoring Frequency No. Attributes / Daily Weekly Bi- Monthly Project Actions monthly inconvenience to locals, dust levels, watering frequency, noise level, restoration after operations with wearing course and handing over road to local community 7 Work sites Comply local √ Environmental regulations for air quality, noise, lake water quality, occupational hazard & safety procedures at all stages work. 8 Construction Ensure vehicles are √ √ Equipment regularly maintained, have /vehicles Pollution under control certificates revalidated every month 9 Air quality at all Record SPM,RPM, HC, √ √
operational areas NOx , SO2 Pb levels for 24 under project houly in 8 hr shifts as per methods/procedures recommended by Central/Tamil Nadu State pollution Control Board 10 Noise Levels at all Record noise levels √ √ operational areas continuously at every 5 minutes for 24 hours(both day time & night time) 11 Vibration Restricted movement of √ particularly work force, equipment and during operational activities. Also record activities vibration levels during a typical working shift from a specialized agency before
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Sr. Environmental Mitigation measures Monitoring Frequency No. Attributes / Daily Weekly Bi- Monthly Project Actions monthly the start, during and after completion of operations. 12 Aquatic Flora and Sediment quality with √ Fauna at the respect to the heavy Project Site metals is to be watched during the post development stage which is of concern to the contamination of the lake water in the construction zone that affect the aquatic flora and fauna in the adjacent areas 13 Top Soil from land Preserve and restore the √ clearing topsoil. If can not be used operations for restoration, divert for other applications like re- vegetation and alike 14 Wet Mix Plants Located at least 500m √ √ from settlements, barren land and not agricultural lands. Monitor air quality, waste discharge and noise levels regularly as mentioned above. Ensure all operations comply with local environmental regulations 15 POL (liquid and POL storage areas have √ √ Solid waste) / impervious lining, Hazardous containment ditches, oil & Storage Areas grease traps as per the norms. Regular inspection & maintenance. Comply all local environmental regulations.
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Sr. Environmental Mitigation measures Monitoring Frequency No. Attributes / Daily Weekly Bi- Monthly Project Actions monthly 16 Soil erosion and Borrow areas shall have √ conservation gentle slopes, connected to near by natural water bodies if any, re-vegetated 17 Water Quality of Monitor water quality for √ Lake Water Physico- chemical parameters as per IS: 7967 before start, during and after completion of operations. 18 Channel/Lake Ensure most of the √ Water beds activities are scheduled for dry months, possible reshaping of water bed after completion of construction. 19 Archeological Archeological evidences / As required monuments/ruins/ idols/tombs if religious noticed/found -inform structures / Archeological Department. temples Social structures within ROW are relocated /rebuilt in consultation with community leaders. Coordinate with Social team. 20 Water Supply Adequate water supply as √ Sanitation & per norms, septic tanks Health at camp and soak away pits, site kerosene and LPG supply, health care facilities, vaccination for work force camp. 21 Construction of Consult affected parties √ Noise Barriers like hospitals, educational Institutions for eliciting
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Sr. Environmental Mitigation measures Monitoring Frequency No. Attributes / Daily Weekly Bi- Monthly Project Actions monthly opinion during constructing barriers.
22 Construction Seek prior approval of √ Debris suitable disposal sites, In cases of borrow areas approved, re-vegetate the fill sites. OPERATION PERIOD 23 Storm water Regular inspection for √ outlets to water adequacy of facilities, courses functioning and compliance of local Environmental regulations. 24 Hazardous spills Regular inspection for √ into water courses adequacy of facilities, due to accidents functioning and compliance of local Environmental regulations 25 Air quality at Record SPM, RPM, CO √
selected human HC, NOx, SO2 levels for 24 √ settlements and hourly in 8 hr. shifts as per sensitive methods/procedures receptors recommended by Central/State pollution Control Board 26 Noise quality at Record noise levels √ selected human continuously at every 5 settlements and minutes for 24 hours (both sensitive day time & night time) receptors 27 Vibration Record vibration levels √ particularly near during a typical traffic days hospital and from a specialized agency settlements for all 24 hours to determine the level
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Sr. Environmental Mitigation measures Monitoring Frequency No. Attributes / Daily Weekly Bi- Monthly Project Actions monthly 28 Maintenance of Regular inspection to √ √ plantations ensure upkeep, renewal and watering schedule as per landscape plan 29 Monitoring of Monitor the aquatic flora √ Aquatic flora and and fauna as per the fauna specifications/guidelines mentioned in the IS: 7967 code. 30 Water Quality of Monitor water quality for √ Lake Water Physico chemical Course parameters as per IS : 7967 before start, during and alter completion of operations 31 Un-desirable Regular surveillance to √ activities within ensure no undesirable the RoW activities are present within ROW 32 Monitoring for Monitor ground water √ leachate from quality in near by bore
Construction wells for chemical
debris, parameters as per IS: disposal sites 10500 especially before and after monsoons
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Table 5.2 : Environmental Management Plan for Bridge and Approach Road
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. A. Location related 1. Involuntary resettlement The acquisition of land and private properties will be carried out in Adequacy of Once - prior to IA, PIU PMU 22,11,115 Vide or land acquisition causing accordance with the resettlement plan (RP) and entitlement consultation commencement Resettlement loss of household, framework of the project. The RP shall be developed in process of physical Budget residence, business consultation with the affected parties and in accordance with carried out. works. premises or livelihood national regulations and ADB policies. The compensation shall be (gardens, agricultural land) paid for temporary /partial /permanent loss of productive land, and clearance of properties, trees and vegetation, etc. The IA shall ensure that the encroachment /squatters. process for acquisition of land during post design phase is integrated into the environmental management plan and relevant contract provisions.
RP will be implemented as part of the project If not implemented Execution of prior to commencement of physical works, a time frame will be RP agreed to for its implementation in consultation with ADB, and periodic reviews would be carried out with ADB. 2. Encroachment in to Layout to be finalized so as to avoid the impact on existing Reduction in Once - prior to PIU PMU religious, cultural heritage cultural and heritage buildings and sites of archaeological number of commencement and other protected significance. The relevant approvals would be obtained from the structures of physical structures of authorities as per existing statutory regulations. affected. works. -NA- -NA- -NA- archaeological importance adjacent to the approach The project to provide an alternate road to continue to Ease of road. provide access. access
Compensation for loss occurred as per RP Execution of RP.
1 The parameters as specified in the respective Indian Standards or other specifications for the applicable line items shall be monitored as required by the national /state /local regulations. 2 Cost to be indicated separately as a part of environmental management plan cost. In case the particular line item is included under other project cost items, it would be mentioned accordingly by providing a cross reference of the relevant clause(s). Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
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Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. 3. Cutting of trees and Alignment of the bridge and approach roads to be finalized Reduction in Once -prior to PIU PMU 45,360 This cost is damage to vegetation. in a manner so as to avoid or minimize the cutting and the number of commencement included in removal of trees. If cutting of trees is unavoidable, then trees cut of physical the appropriate regulatory approvals from all concerned works. Resettlement agencies should be obtained, and compensatory Survival rate Quarterly for the Budget afforestation should be carried out as directed by the of planted first year of amount in authorities. The stacking, transportation and storage of the samplings planting, then Item (I) wood will be carried out as per the relevant specifications semiannually above /norms. for the next two If regulatory requirements do not require compensatory years afforestation, as many as trees will be planted in the project influenced area as a voluntary environmental initiative subject to availability of land in the project influenced area.. 4. Blockage of natural Layout to be finalized incorporating appropriate measures to Inclusion of Once - prior to PIU PMU -- drainage system by avoid blockage of natural drainage such as construction of appropriate finalization of approach roads causing culverts, parallel drains to approach road, etc. Protection measures at designs. water logging or flooding measures like provision of retaining walls will be included in the the design of adjacent areas. measures as required. stage. 5. Pulicat Bird Sanctuary The corridor of impact/right of way of the proposed bridge Clearance/ Once - prior to PIU PMU project traverse through bird sanctuary area. Necessary Approval finalization of proposal for getting clearance from Govt of India have been letter from designs and initiated. Government execution. of India
B. Design and pre-construction stage related 1. Statutory environmental All applicable statutory environmental approvals at the national, Copies of Once - prior to IA, PIU PMU -- and other regulatory state, and local levels such as from Coastal Zone Management approval commencement approvals and clearances Authority /State Pollution Control Board/ State or Central letters of physical Ministries of Environment must be obtained prior to works. commencement of physical works. Compliance with terms Quarterly All applicable statutory approvals and clearances from other and review till all relevant authorities such as irrigation department, inlands conditions set terms and waterways authority, etc. forth with the conditions are approvals complied with. Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
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Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. 2. Impairment of access to The alignment of the approach roads and the bridge to be finalized in Provision of Once – prior to IA, PIU PMU -- the properties along the such a manner so as not to prohibit access to the properties along the acceptable finalization of approach road right of way. right of way. In case unavoidable impairment to access, an alternate alternate alignment arrangement would be provided as agreed to during public access consultation with the affected parties. arrangement 3. Impedance to existing Alignment to be finalized incorporating appropriate measures to Inclusion of Once - prior to PIU PMU drainage , irrigation canals avoid blockage /impedance to natural drainages, irrigation appropriate finalization of or water courses causing canals, and water courses. Protection measures like provision of measures. designs. flooding, loss of retaining walls will be included in the measures as required. agricultural production, etc. Existing drainage, irrigation facilities will be restored to the Restoration of Once – after original or better condition. existing completion of facilities. related construction section 4. Environmental aesthetics The alignment and the architectural layout of the approach roads and Inclusion of Once - prior to IA, PIU PMU affected by obstruction to the bridge to be finalized in such a manner so as not to affect appropriate finalization of land profile and cutting environmental aesthetics of the project influenced area. measures. designs. /removal of trees and vegetation. The design shall include appropriate measures so as to restore the Restoration of Review during environmental aesthetics of the area to the original or better status. aesthetics. execution for any corrective actions. 5. Encroachment into Avoid encroachment by careful selection of location and alignment. Avoidance of Once – in IA, PIU PMU precious ecological, environmenta consultation environmentally sensitive lly, with regulatory areas causing loss of ecologically authorities -NA- precious ecological sensitive values/resources, If encroachment can not be avoided, design to include all locations. biodiversity, and damage to precautionary and preventive measures in consultation with and as precious species, approved by the relevant regulatory agencies in accordance with the Execution of deforestation, etc. regulations. measures. 6. Noise pollution causing Appropriate noise control measures shall be incorporated during Inclusion of Once – prior to IA, PIU PMU nuisance to the residents in design in the respective tender documents, contracts during measures in release of the neighboring areas. construction and operation stages of the project binding the respective documents for Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
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Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. respective vendors, contractors and suppliers executing the project documents. bidding of and the IA. works. 7. Pollution monitoring Water quality upstream and downstream of bridges will be tested IA, PIU PMU 12,000 through an approved pollution monitoring laboratory prior to commencement of any work at the site of construction of bridge to establish the baseline. 8. Escape of polluting The storage sites of such polluting chemicals, materials, containers, Identification Once – prior to IA, PIU PMU chemicals, materials, etc. shall be identified above the high flood levels, and as much of locations. release of containers into water away as possible from the water bodies during the design documents for courses, irrigation canals, /preconstruction stage. Inclusion in bidding of wells, etc. The tender documents shall incorporate the details of such identified tender works. sites. documents.
9. Preservation of trees No tree will be cut beyond the proposed right of way. All efforts Number of Once - prior to IA, PIU PMU will be made to preserve trees including evaluation of minor design trees saved finalization of alternatives to save trees. Specific attention will be given for designs. protecting locally important trees. Any specific species declared as “protected” by the state will be felled only after due clearance from the concerned agency is obtained. 10. Relocation of All community utilities and properties such as open wells, hand Adequacy of Once – prior to Contra. IA, PMU community utilities and pumps, water supply lines, telephone and power supply cables, public finalization of PIU common property resources sewer lines, buildings, health centers, ponds, etc. will be relocated (if consultation relocation unavoidable) prior to commencement of construction in consultation and ease of with the affected communities. access 11. Relocation of affected The cultural and religious properties will be relocated (if Adequacy of Once – prior to Contra. IA, PMU cultural and religious unavoidable) beyond the right of way prior to commencement of public finalization of PIU properties construction in consultation with the affected communities. consultation relocation and acceptance of community to revised location. 12. Orientation of the The IA shall organize the orientation cum training sessions for the Number and Periodic during Contra. IA, IA officials from the IA, officials from the IA, contractors and vendors, and others type of all stages of PIU, PMU contractors and vendors. responsible during all stages of the project in the implementation of training works. Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 13
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. the environmental management and monitoring plans developed for programs the project. The training /orientation shall include on-site training carried out also. C. Construction stage related (a) Earthwork and Soil Conservation 1. Disposal of Debris and All debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall Disposal of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU -- Spoil be disposed only at locations identified by the IA for such purpose debris and during PIU and shall be subjected to the statutory provisions as applicable. spoil in construction The contractor /IA shall obtain the approval form the relevant accordance works authorities for disposal of debris and spoil at the specified identified with statutory locations. provisions The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that (i) and in waterways and drainage paths are not blocked; (ii) the disposed environmenta material shall not be washed away by floods and (iii) shall not be a lly nuisance to the public. responsible The debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall manner. be used, to fill the borrow areas as directed by the IA, subject to laying of topsoil. If agreed to by the IA, the contractor can dispose the debris and spoil as a filling material provided that the contractor ensures that such material is used as per the relevant statutory provisions and in an environmentally responsible manner. 2. Conservation and reuse Topsoil of the agricultural areas and any other productive areas Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU -- of top soil where it has to be removed for the purpose of this sub-project shall conservation during PIU be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm and stored in stockpiles /mitigation construction of height not exceeding 2m. measures. works Such stockpiled topsoil must be returned to cover the areas including cut slopes where the topsoil has been removed due to sub- project activities. Residual topsoil must be distributed on adjoining /proximate barren areas as identified by the implementing agency in a layer of thickness of 75mm – 150mm.
Stockpiles should be placed outside flood affected areas.
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 14
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. The topsoil can be restored to its initial place after the specific activity is completed for which the area was vacated, or for enriching some other place like embankment slopes for (erosion protective measure. The topsoil can also be used for supporting re- plantation activities within right of way.
Topsoil thus stockpiled for reuse shall not be surcharged or -- overburdened. As far as possible multiple handling of topsoil stockpiles should be kept to a minimum. 3. Protection of ground Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be used and Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU -- cover and vegetation stationed only in the areas of work and in any other designated conservation during PIU areas as directed by the IA. /mitigation construction Contractor shall instruct drivers and operators not to destroy ground measures. works vegetation cover unnecessarily. 4. Borrowing of earth Borrowing within the right of way shall be avoided. The earth Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU available from excavation for side drains as per design may be used conservation during PIU as embankment material, subject to approval by the IA. /mitigation construction Contractor shall comply with the statutory environmental measures. works requirements in respect of locating borrow areas and with regard to all operations related with excavation and transportation of earth from such sites. All borrow pits/areas shall be rehabilitated at the end of their use by the contractor in accordance with the stipulated requirements. Borrow areas shall not be opened without the permission of the IA. The location, depth of excavation and the extent of the pit or open cut area shall be as approved by the IA. Establishment of borrow pits/areas and its operational activities shall not endanger adjacent properties. Also it shall not be a danger or health hazard to the people. Borrow areas are to be demarcated with signboards. All operational areas are to be access controlled particularly for locals and for gazing cattle
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 15
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. The top soil recovered from borrow areas are to be restored or to be used for turfing of embankment of the approach road All equipment deployed for excavation shall have appropriate monitoring and control facilities to improve accuracy of positioning and excavating depths.
Scrapping & tamping of the borrowed areas shall be carried out to minimize localised depressions &render a smooth profile. Limit operations to day hours only. Rotation of personnel should be considered to minimise exposure of noise levels beyond limits. All equipment deployed shall be well-maintained and meet emission norms of diesel vehicles. Demarcate areas identified for operations and install signboards in regional language prohibiting unauthorised movement of locals, similarly personnel/labour operating on borrow areas shall be restrained to move in areas which are not under operation. Movement it warranted can be only with authorization. No labour camps shall be allowed either in desilting/borrow areas or any other location which is not authorized Detailed investigations are to be carried out by the contractor to identify the borrow options/areas All borrow areas are to be re-vegetated with a drainage facility connected to nearby watercourses to avoid formation of cesspools during/after monsoon, the side walls shall have gentle slope. 5. Safety against soil Contractor shall take all steps necessary to ensure the stability of Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU failures slopes including those related to temporary works and borrow pits. conservation during PIU If the area is classified as an area prone to soil failures / land slides, /mitigation construction the contractor shall take adequate precautions in consultation with measures. works IA, prior to engage in deep excavations for earth extraction or any other construction purpose. 6. Prevention of soil erosion Embankment slopes, slopes of cuts, etc. shall not be unduly Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU 18,48,901 exposed to erosive forces. These exposed slopes conservation during PIU shall be graded and covered by grass as per the specifications. /mitigation construction Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 16
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. Work that leads to heavy erosion shall be avoided during the rains. measures. works If such activities need to be continued during rainy season prior approval must be obtained from the IA by submitting a proposal on Appropriate actions that will be undertaken by the contractor to prevent erosion. provisions in the contract Provisions in construction contracts will be incorporated to cover: documents. Site preparation, which minimizes clearing and disturbance to adjoining vegetation and natural areas. Protection of unstable soil surfaces from high velocity runoff (interception drains and temporary stabilization) Sitting of construction material stockpiles and access routes to avoid any disturbance to adjoining vegetation and natural areas. Many of impacts on soil can be significantly mitigated by some of the following measures. a) Minimizing area of ground clearance only to the extent required b) Balancing the filling and cutting of earth to the extent possible c) Avoiding creation of cut slopes and embankments which are of an angle greater than natural angle of repose for locally available soil type d) Replanting disturbed area(s) immediately after disturbance due to construction has stopped and NOT after construction has been completed. The work, permanent or temporary shall consist of measures as per design or as directed by the IA to control soil erosion, sedimentation and water pollution to the satisfaction of the IA.. 7. Contamination by Oil and fuel spills from construction equipment will be minimized Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU lubricants and fuel by good O&M practices. conservation during PIU Vehicles /machinery and equipment serving and maintenance work /mitigation construction shall be carried out only in designated locations /service stations measures. works approved by the IA. The sensitive location such as close to streams/rivers; just upstream of wells and springs used by Appropriate community and areas of flooding shall be avoided. provisions in Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 17
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. Waste oil, other petroleum products and untreated wastewater shall the contract not be discharged on ground so that it causes soil pollution. documents. Adequate measures such as impervious platforms for storage areas of oil, lubricants, etc. shall be taken against pollution of soil by spillage of petroleum /oil products from storage tanks and containers. The cans and containers will be provided with spill trays to contain the spills. All soils contaminated by such spills /waste petroleum products shall be disposed of as per the statutory requirements in consultation with IA. Sites used for vehicles, plant services and maintenance shall be restored back to its initial status. 8. Disposal of construction Contractor prior to the commencement of work shall provide a list Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU -- waste of hazardous chemicals/ material that will be used in the work to conservation during PIU the IA. /mitigation construction measures. works Disposal of construction waste shall be done to the sites in accordance with the statutory requirements and as directed by the Appropriate designated authorities provisions in the contract Contractor shall also provide the list of places where such documents. hazardous chemicals /materials or their containers or other harmful materials have been disposed as waste at the end of the project. The contractor shall clean up any area including water-bodies affected /contaminated (if any) as directed by the IA. 9. Quarry /sand mining Rock quarries from where metal aggregate and mines from where Approved Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU operations sand are obtained shall have requisite statutory approvals. It is quarries and during PIU recommended not to seek material from quarries /sand mines that sand mines construction have on-going disputes with the community. works Appropriate The maintenance and rehabilitation of the quarry access roads in the provisions in event of damage by the contractor’s operations shall be a the contract responsibility of the contractor. documents.
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 18
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. Quarries, which have occupational safety procedures / practices in place only, are to be sourced for materials and regular inspection shall be carried to ensure the compliance of safety procedures / practices by quarry agencies subsequently. Large material drawls should not be a cause for neglect of safety procedures, which is otherwise common.
In case, unlicensed quarries are to be chosen for viable reasons ensure compliance of all measures mentioned above. Quarry and crushing units should have adequate dust suppression measures like sprinklers in work areas and along approach roads to quarry sites. The personnel shall be provided with dust masks. Material stacking sites are to be access controlled for unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and stray animals; Regular monitoring of the quarries by Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to ensure compliance. 10. Setting out and clearing A two-room school building and compound wall of the hospital are Daily Contra. IA, PMU operations of to be constructed/relocated to adjacent locations in close monitoring PIU ROW consultation with local community leaders. during Re-location of utilities to adjoining areas of the Proposed Project construction During right of way clearing operations, any treasure trove, slabs works with epigraphical evidence or edicts, sculptural or any material are found and appear to have historical importance, it should be brought to the notice of Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu 11. Approach Road / Bridge Prior to construction of the approach roads / Bridge , topsoil if Weekly reviews Engineers, PMU found suitable and free from the adequate silt, shall be preserved or during Contra. atleast shall be used for any other useful purposes rather than construction PIU allowing its loss by construction activities, works .
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 19
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. Water tankers with suitable sprinkling system are to be deployed along the transportation links. Water, may be sprinkled with required frequency as per site conditions all along the site to suppress the airborne dust due to the truck movement particularly on unpaved roads. Roads, which are subjected for huge material movement, provision for sprinklers can be made which may become economical as compared to water sprinkling by tankers
The vehicles deployed for material transportation shall be spillage proof to avoid or minimise the spillage of the material during transportation. In any case, the transportation links are to be inspected at least twice daily to clear accidental spillage, if any
Use of the existing roads should be avoided for hauling of materials. If unavoidable, roads are to first properly strengthened and for widened so that existing users can also continue to same road along side in dedicated tracks
The borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away-unauthorised entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals. After completion of hauling, wearing coat must be replenished and roads handed over to local use (b) Protection of water sources and quality
1. Loss of water sources Contractor /IA shall protect sources of water (potable or otherwise) Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU and disruption to water such as wells, springs used by the community so that continued use conservation during PIU users of these water sources will not be disrupted by the work. In case the /mitigation construction closure of such sources is required on permanent or temporary measures. works basis, contractor shall provide alternative arrangement for supply after adequate consultations with the community affected.. Appropriate Alternative sources such as wells thus provided should be within provisions in acceptable distance to the original sources and accessible to the the contract affected community. documents.
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 20
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. Contractor shall not divert, close or block existing canals and streams in a manner that adversely affect down-stream intake(s). If diversion or closure or blocking of canals and streams is required for the execution of work, the contractor must first obtain the IA’s approval. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the other regulatory /relevant authorities as applicable.
Contractor shall restore the drainage path back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage ceases to exist.
During the affected period contractor shall supply water to the affected community. 2. Siltation of water bodies Contractor shall take measures necessary to prevent siltation of Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU water bodies as a result of his work including construction of conservation during PIU temporary /permanent devices to prevent water pollution due to /mitigation construction siltation and increase of turbidity. These shall include the measures measures. works against erosion. Water quality of the river/canal should be monitored monthly, started with a preconstruction baseline and to Appropriate track changes during construction. Parameters to include turbidity, provisions in color, suspended solids, salinity, pH, and COD/BOD. the contract Construction materials containing small/fine particles shall be documents. stored in places not subjected to flooding and in such a manner that these materials will not be washed away by runoff. In addition, stock piling of material should be done in a manner that excessive amounts are not unnecessarily stored on-site. The deposited sediments have to be cleared periodically as per requirement and conditions.
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 21
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. 3. Alteration of drainage Contractor shall not close or block existing canals and streams Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU paths permanently. If diversion or closure or blocking of canals and conservation during PIU streams is required for the execution of work, contractor must first /mitigation construction obtain the IA’s approval. Contractor shall also obtain the approval measures. works from the relevant agencies such as Irrigation department, etc. prior to such action is taken. Appropriate Contractors shall restore the drainage path back to its original status provisions in as soon as such diversion or closure or blockage is no longer the contract required. documents. The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways and drainage paths are not blocked. 4. Contamination of Water The work shall be carried out in such a manner that pollution of Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU from Construction Wastes natural watercourses, ponds, tanks and reservoirs is avoided. conservation during PIU Measures shall be taken to prevent the wastewater produced in /mitigation construction construction from entering directly into streams, water bodies or the measures. works irrigation systems. Temporary bunds across the construction activities in canal Appropriate Bentonite slurry or similar debris generated from pile driving or provisions in other construction activities will be disposed such that it does not the contract flow into surface water bodies or form mud puddles in the area. documents. Silt traps will be provided to prevent the silt following into the river. Contractor will be insisted to keep a log book of slurry disposed of from the site. The quality of water in the Canal will be tested once in three month to ensure that the construction activities will not have any impact on the canal water Construction work close to the streams or water bodies shall be avoided during heavy rainy/monsoon periods. The statutory discharge standards shall be strictly adhered to. All wastes arising from the sub-project is to be disposed in a manner as per the statutory requirements.
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 22
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. The sections on both the sides of the proposed construction site are to be improved up to a distance of at least 100 m on either side to ease the water passage in consultation with the PWD, Government of Tamil Nadu.
Adopting mitigative measures like cessation of operations intermittently for limiting turbidity, limiting hours of operation to day time hence recuperation of turbidity, strict prohibition of disposal of solid and liquid waste disposal into waters etc. Good sanitary and hygiene practices on Lake Waterbeds etc. can largely minimize impacts on water quality during the construction of bridge across the Lake water. In any case such impacts will be short term and transitory in nature 5. Changes in Tidal The contractor shall carry out construction in such a way that the Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU -- Dynamics construction activities and any necessary alteration create the conservation during PIU minimum necessary disturbance to tidal dynamics. /mitigation construction measures. works
Appropriate provisions in the contract documents. 6. Contamination from Fuel All vehicles and plant maintenance sites shall be located and Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU and Lubricants operated in accordance with the statutory requirements and as conservation during PIU directed by the IA. /mitigation construction measures. works These sites shall be located away from water-bodies and wastewater shall not be disposed without meeting the statutory disposal Appropriate standards. provisions in Vehicles, machinery & equipment re-fuelling shall be done in a the contract manner so as to prevent water pollution. documents. 7. Construction of labor Sitting of labor quarters shall be as per IA’s approval and comply Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU quarters with all relevant statutory requirements. conservation during PIU
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 23
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. Construction laborers’ quarters shall not be located within 200m /mitigation construction from waterways, within any environmentally sensitive or protected measures. works areas or near to sites of religious, cultural or archaeological importance. Appropriate Labor quarters shall be provided with adequate and appropriate provisions in 50,000 For facilities for water supply, sanitation, disposal of sewerage and the contract Monitoring solid waste. documents. Sewage & The sewage systems shall be properly designed, built and operated Affluent so that no pollution to ground or adjacent water Disposal bodies/watercourses takes place. Garbage bins shall be provided in the quarters and regularly emptied. Garbage should be disposed off in a hygienic manner, in accordance with the statutory norms. Contractor shall ensure that all quarters are kept clean and hygienic. Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent breeding of vectors. Contractor shall report any outbreak of infectious disease of importance in a labor quarter to the IA and other authorities as applicable immediately. Contractor shall carry out all instructions issued by the authorities, if any. All relevant statutory provisions and regulations aimed at safety and health of the workers shall be strictly adhered to. Contractor shall remove the labor quarters fully after its need is over, empty septic tanks, and close if instructed by the IA, remove all garbage, debris and clean and restore the area back to its former condition. The construction camp shall have rationing facilities particularly for kerosene/LPG so that dependence on firewood for cooking is avoided completely to the extent possible 8. Prevention of water The contractor shall minimize wastage of water in the construction Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU wastage and waste process /operations. conservation during PIU minimization /mitigation construction
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 24
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. The contractor shall educate and made employees and labor aware measures. works on water conservation, waste minimization and safe disposal of waste. Appropriate provisions in the contract documents. 9. Extraction of Water The Contractor is responsible for arranging adequate supply of Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU water for the project purpose throughout the construction period. conservation during PIU Contractor shall not obtain water for his purposes including for /mitigation construction labor quarters from public or community water supplies without measures. works approval from the relevant authority. Extraction of water by the Contractor for the project purposes shall Appropriate comply with all statutory provisions.. The Contractor shall not provisions in extract water from groundwater or from surface water-bodies the contract without relevant statutory permissions from relevant agencies for documents. extraction of water prior to the commencement of the works. Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be undertaken in the dry session. Construction over the irrigation canals will be undertaken only after necessary permission from the irrigation department, if disruption to the flow, quality of water and impact on the irrigation structure is envisaged, The Contractor may use the natural sources of water if approved by the IA subject to the provision that any claim arising out of conflicts with other users of the said natural sources of water shall be resolved by the contractor. (c) Flood Prevention 1. Work in flood prone Contractor’s activities shall not lead to aggravate floods in flood Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU areas prone areas when working in flood prone areas. conservation during PIU /mitigation construction measures. works
Appropriate When working in flood prone areas during rainy season, the provisions in contractor shall avoid storing materials, chemicals and other items the contract of work in areas where those can be washed away by the floods. documents. Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 25
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. 2. Blockage of drainage Contractor’s activities shall not lead to flooding conditions as a Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU paths and drains result of blocked drainage paths and drains. The contractor shall conservation during PIU take all measures necessary to keep all drainage paths and drains /mitigation construction clear of blockage at all times. measures. works If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor’s activities, contractors shall provide suitable means to (a) prevent Appropriate loss of access to any land or property and (b) prevent damage to provisions in land and property. the contract documents. (d) Air quality management 1. Dust generation The contractor shall effectively manage the dust generating Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU 9,00,000 activities during periods of high winds or with winds directed conservation during PIU towards adjacent residences and other facilities. /mitigation construction All stockpiles shall be located sufficiently away from measures. works environmentally sensitive receptors and regular wetting of stockpiles of sand and metals will be carried out.. Appropriate All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid spillage provisions in and dust emission. the contract The contractor shall avoid, where possible and take suitable action documents. to prevent dirt and mud being carried to the roads (particularly following wet weather); The contractor shall enforce vehicle speed limits to minimize dust generation The contractor shall employ a water spraying arrangement for dust suppression on all exposed areas as required (the use of waste water / waste oil for dust suppression is prohibited); All cleared areas shall be rehabilitated progressively. All earthworks shall be protected in a manner acceptable to minimize generation of dust. All existing highways and roads used by vehicles of the contractor, or any of his sub-contractor or suppliers of materials or plant and similarly roads which are part of the works shall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped due to movement of such vehicles.
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 26
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. Clearance shall be effected immediately by manual sweeping and removal of debris, or, as directed by the IA, by mechanical sweeping and clearing equipment, and all dust, mud and other debris shall be removed satisfactorily. Additionally, if so directed by the IA, the road surfaces shall be sprayed with water. Plants, machinery and equipment shall be so handled (including dismantling) so as to minimize generation of dust. The Contractor shall take every precaution to reduce the level of dust emission from the hot mix plants and the batching plants in accordance with the relevant emission norms. The hot mix plant shall be located and operated in accordance with statutory requirements. The hot mix plants shall be fitted with dust extraction units in order that the exhausts comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control norms. All operational areas under project development like borrow areas, haulage roads, work sites, construction camp site, etc are to be regularly monitored (atleast once in a week) for air quality parameters such as SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, HC, CO, Pb etc. 2. Emission from Hot-Mix The hot mix plant shall be located and operated in accordance with Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU Plants and Batching Plants statutory requirements. It is recommended that hot mix plants and conservation during PIU batching plants to be located sufficiently away from /mitigation construction environmentally sensitive receptors such as habitats, religious, measures. works cultural and archaeological sites, residential areas, schools, health care units and industrial areas. Appropriate The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirements of the provisions in relevant current emission control norms. All operations at plants the contract shall be undertaken in accordance with all current rules and documents. regulations protecting the environment as well as the conditions given in the approvals issued by the relevant authorities. 3. Odor and offensive Contractor shall take all precautions to prevent odor and offensive Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU smells smell emanating from chemicals and processes applied in conservation during PIU construction works or from labor quarters. In a situation when /mitigation construction /where odor or offensive smell does occur contractor shall take measures. works immediate action to rectify the situation..
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 27
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. The waste disposal and sewerage treatment system for the labor Appropriate quarters shall be properly designed, built and operated so that no provisions in odor is generated. Compliance with the regulations on health and the contract safety shall be strictly adhered to. documents. 4. Emission from The statutory emission standards shall be strictly adhered to. Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU Construction Vehicles, conservation during PIU Equipment and machinery All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall /mitigation construction be regularly serviced and well maintained to ensure that emission measures. works levels comply with the relevant statutory standards. All equipments / vehicles deployed for construction activities shall Appropriate be regularly maintained and not older than 3 years provisions in Vehicles / equipments deployed for construction activities shall be the contract regularly maintained for smooth operation, a measure contributing documents. to air quality and noise levels. All vehicles deployed for material haulage are to be spillage proof
Vehicles / equipments shall be regularly subjected for emission tests and shall have valid POLLUTION UNDER CONTROL certificates. Revalidation of certificates shall be done once in a month All vehicles deployed for material movement shall be spill proof to the extent possible. In any case all material movement routes shall be inspected daily twice to clear off any accidental spills. 5. Air pollution from All crushers used in construction shall confirm to relevant statutory Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU 1,20,000 For Air crushers dust emissions levels. Only the quarries approved by the relevant conservation during PIU Quality authorities and having valid permits shall be used. /mitigation construction Monitoring Crushing plants shall be sited sufficiently away from measures. works environmentally sensitive receptors such as houses, schools, hospitals, outdoor recreation areas, religious places, cultural and Appropriate archaeological sites, etc.. provisions in Sprinkler system for dust suppression shall be installed. the contract documents.
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 28
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. 6. Wet Mix Plants Wet mix plants shall be at least 500m away from any human Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU settlements and preferably located on leeward side. conservation during PIU As mentioned else where under this section all such plant/sites shall /mitigation construction be located on barren/uncultivable lands. Diversion of measures. works cultivable/agricultural lands, even preferred by local people for economic gain shall not be allowed unless otherwise warranted by Appropriate specific local conditions provisions in the contract documents (e) Noise pollution 1. Noise from Vehicles, All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU 18,000 For Plants and Equipment with noise reduction devices to ensure noise levels within the conservation during PIU Monitoring statutory norms. /mitigation construction Noise At construction sites noisy construction work such as piling, measures. works crushing, concrete mixing and batching, mechanical compaction, etc., will be stopped between 2000 hours to 0600 hours, especially Appropriate close to the environmentally sensitive receptors. provisions in All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with the contract exhaust silences. During routine servicing operations, the documents. effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. The noise level from any item of plant(s) must comply with the relevant legislation for levels of sound emission. Non-compliant plants shall be removed from site. Noise from equipment (measured 1 meter from edge of equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, moveable cranes, vibrators and saws shall not exceed the statutory norms. The vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be maintained properly to keep noise from these at a minimum. Workers in vicinity of high noise levels shall be provided with protective gear. All equipment vehicles deployed for the construction activities shall not be older than 3 years and regularly maintained
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 29
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. 2. Vibration Contractor shall take appropriate action to ensure that construction Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU 9,000 related/Monitoring works do not result in damage to adjacent properties due to conservation during PIU vibrations. /mitigation construction If desired by the IA, prior to commencement of any activity, the measures. works Contractor shall undertake a condition survey of existing structures within the zone of influence. Appropriate Contractor shall carry out monitoring at the nearest vibration provisions in sensitive receptor during blasting or when other equipment causing the contract vibration are used. documents. If vibration levels exceed beyond safe values, the contractor shall modify the method of construction appropriately. Contractor shall pay due consideration on vibration impacts of blasting on adjoining structures. Explosive loads shall be determined so that excessive vibration can be avoided and blasts shall be controlled blasting in nature. 3. Noise from Blasting or Blasting shall be carried out only after obtaining all relevant Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU Pre splitting Operations. permissions and clearances All the statutory laws, regulators, rules, conservation during PIU etc. pertaining to acquisition, transport, storage, handling and use of /mitigation construction explosives shall be strictly followed. measures. works Blasting shall be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid-day), in consultation with the IA. The timing should be made Appropriate known to all the people within a distance as required by the provisions in statutory from the blasting site in all directions. People, except the contract those who are directly associated with the blasting activity shall be documents. excluded from the area as determined by the statutory requirements from the blasting site in all directions before the blasting. No blasting work will be carried out for the proposed project work. (f) Impact on Flora/Monitoring of Flora
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 30
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. 1. Loss or Damage to Trees All works shall be carried out within the right of way and in such a Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU 9,000 For and Vegetation manner that the destruction to the flora and their habitats is conservation during PIU Monitoring minimized. /mitigation construction Aquatic Trees and vegetation shall be felled / removed only if those impinge measures. works Flora & directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works. Fauna In all such cases contractor shall obtain prior approvals from the Appropriate relevant authorities in accordance with the existing national provisions in /state/local regulations. the contract Contractor shall make every effort to avoid removal and/or documents. destruction of trees of religious, cultural and medicinal significance. If such action is unavoidable the IA shall be informed in advance. The riparian areas adjacent to areas of construction activity shall not be disturbed, degraded, or destabilized by the said activities. The labour quarters, site office, material stockpiles and containers will be located without damaging any natural resources. During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered flora species is found, it shall be immediately informed to the IA. All activities that could destroy such flora and/or its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the relevant approvals. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans in a manner to conserve such flora and/or its habitat. (f) Impact on Fauna 1. Loss, Damage or All works shall be carried out within the right of way and in such a Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU Included in Disruption to manner that the destruction or disruption to the fauna and their conservation during PIU Monitoring Fauna/Monitoring of Fauna habitats is minimum. /mitigation construction for Flora & Construction workers shall be instructed to protect fauna including measures. works fauna under wild animals and aquatic life as well as their habitats. Hunting, (f) poaching and unauthorized fishing by workers will be avoided. Appropriate Construction workers shall not be allowed to trespass into bird provisions in sanctuaries, national parks, and protected areas if the bridge site and the contract approach roads are traversing through such areas. documents.
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 31
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. Construction operations should be carried out properly with at most care during the breeding seasons of fishes (July-September). Furthermore dumping of construction waste in the lake water will be strictly avoided and will be disposed in safe manner at appropriate locations considering the consequences of the proposed activity. The objective would be to ensure clear of lake water from any potential contamination arising from the waste due to the construction. Soil and/or sand needed for construction shall be obtained from nearby areas to minimize risk of transport of invasive species to the construction area. During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered fauna species is found, it shall be immediately informed to the IA. All activities that could destroy such fauna and/or its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the IA’s approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans to conserve such fauna and/or its habitat. Sediment quality with respect to the heavy metals is to be watched during the post development stage which is of concern to the contamination of the lake water in the construction zone The construction work of the High Level Bridge should be carried out in a proper fashion which tends to reduce the disturbance to the surrounding environment especially lake water and its inhabitants i.e. benthic flora and fauna (g) Disruption to Users 1. Loss of Access The construction related activities shall be preferably restricted Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU within the right of way for the approach roads. The Contractor conservation during PIU shall provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians /mitigation construction and livestock to and from side roads and property accesses measures. works connecting the project road. Work that affects use of side roads and existing accesses shall not be undertaken without providing Appropriate adequate provisions approved in advance by the IA. The contractor provisions in shall provide early information to the affected people. the contract
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 32
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. The works shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with the documents. convenience of public or the access to, use and occupation of public or private roads, railways and any other access footpaths to or of properties. The contractor shall provide barrier nets and warning signs for safe movement of people. On completion of the works, all temporary obstructions to access shall be cleared away, all rubbish and piles of debris that obstruct access be cleared. The construction works may often lead to temporary loss of the routine access from one side of the Lake to the other side especially boat ferrying activities. Efforts shall be directed for minimising such situations or suggest and provide the alternative routes.
The local people shall be taken into confidence through opening up of the communication with local populace and/or community leaders 2. Flooding of project area The contractor shall make alternate arrangements for drainage and Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU storm water flow during construction. conservation during PIU /mitigation construction measures. works
Appropriate provisions in the contract documents. 3. Traffic Jams and Detailed traffic management plans shall be prepared and submitted Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU Congestion to the IA for approval at least 30 days prior to commencement of conservation during PIU approach road works. The plans shall provide details of temporary /mitigation construction diversions, arrangements for construction under traffic and details measures. works of traffic arrangements after stoppage of work each day. Necessary permissions shall be obtained from the traffic police authorities. Appropriate Temporary diversion of traffic to facilitate construction work shall provisions in have the approval of the traffic police authorities the contract
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 33
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. Special consideration shall be given in the preparation of the traffic documents. management plan to the safety of pedestrians and workers at night. The contractor shall ensure that the running surface is always property maintained, so that no disruption to the traffic flow occurs. The temporary traffic detours shall be kept free of dust by frequent application of water, if necessary. Personnel used for traffic management by the contractor shall be properly trained, provided with proper gear including communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. All signs, barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management should be in accordance with the existing regulations. The diversion / Warning / Precautionary signs should be bold and clearly visible particularly at night. Diversion schemes particularly near lake water (Jetty) should consider the ferrying of the boats on either side of the lake. All project operations shall have proper cladding wherever necessary. 4. Traffic Control and The Contractor shall take all necessary measures for the safety of Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU Safety traffic during construction and provide, erect and maintain such conservation during PIU barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as /mitigation construction may be required for the information and protection of traffic measures. works -NA- -NA- approaching or passing through the section of the roads under construction. The information hoardings and safety signs will be Appropriate written in English and local language. provisions in the contract documents. (h) Accidents and Risks 1. Public and Worker safety All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger of the Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU workers and the public from accidents such as fire, explosions, conservation during PIU blasts, falling rocks, falling to excavated pits, breaking flood /mitigation construction diversions, chemical sprays, unsafe power supply lines etc. measures. works
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 34
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. The Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety of the workmen as per the existing national /state /local regulations. The Appropriate contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances provisions in such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers the contract and staff. documents. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe movement of the workers and staff. Children and pregnant women shall not be allowed to work under any circumstances No personnel shall be allowed to work at site for more than 10 hours per day. Personnel who are likely to be exposed to noise levels beyond stipulated limits shall be provided with protective gears like ear plugs etc and regularly rotated. Regular water sprinkling of water shall be ensured so that dust levels are kept to minimum 2. Prevention of Risks from All electrical wiring and supply related work should confirm to Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU electrical equipment. existing national regulations. Adequate precautions will be taken to conservation during PIU prevent danger of electrocuting from electrical equipment and /mitigation construction power supply lines including distribution boards, transformers, etc. measures. works Measures such as danger signboards, danger /red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public and workers. All Appropriate electric power driven machines to be used in the construction shall provisions in be free from defect, be properly maintained and kept in good the contract working order, be regularly inspected and as per existing regulations. documents. 3. Risk at Hazardous All workers employed in hazardous activities shall be provided with Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU Activity necessary protective gear. These activities include mixing asphalt conservation during PIU material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., welding work, work /mitigation construction at crushing plants, blasting work, operators of machinery and measures. works equipment such as power saws, etc.
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 35
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. The use of any toxic chemical shall be strictly in accordance with Appropriate the manufacturer’s instructions. The IA shall be notified of toxic provisions in chemicals that are planed to be used in all contract related activities. the contract A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall be kept documents. and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register shall include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product. The areas intended for storage of hazardous materials shall be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations complying all applicable statutory stipulations The personnel in charge of such areas shall be properly trained, licensed and with sufficient experience.
The areas shall be access controlled and entry shall be allowed only under authorization
4. Lead Pollution No paint containing lead or lead products will be used except in the Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU form of paste or readymade paint. Facemasks shall be supplied to conservation during PIU workers who are working in spray painting or scraping lead paints. /mitigation construction measures. works
Appropriate provisions in the contract documents. 5. Handling of Explosives The Contractor shall at all times take every possible precaution and Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU shall comply with relevant laws and regulations relating to the conservation during PIU importation, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives. /mitigation construction Contractor shall obtain all statutory approvals for procuring and measures. works handling explosives and keep the local authorities informed of the -NA- -NA- same as applicable. Appropriate
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 36
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. Contractor shall take precaution to prevent injury to people and provisions in damage the structures/houses and vehicles in the vicinity at the the contract locations of blasting work. Blasting should be controlled to prevent documents. vibration damage to structures and injury to people. The vehicles and road users should be stopped at a reasonable distance from the site and people in the vicinity should be informed when the blasting is carried out. Any debris on the road should be removed promptly before clearing the road for users. Blasting work should be carried out in off peak hours but not during the hours of darkness or at other times, which may cause unacceptable disturbance to religious or other ceremonies. Sufficient and adequate warning shall be given prior to blasting. Use of flagmen, siren, etc. should be arranged. The public in the area should be informed well in advance about the blasting operation and timing. 6. Health and Safety Contractor shall take necessary actions to prevent breeding of Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU mosquitoes at places of work, labor quarters, office and store conservation during PIU buildings. Stagnation of water in all areas including gutters, used /mitigation construction and empty cans, containers, tires, etc shall be prevented. Approved measures. works chemicals to destroy mosquitoes and larvae should be regularly applied. Appropriate Contractor shall keep all places of work, labor quarters, plus office provisions in and store buildings clean devoid of garbage to prevent breeding of the contract rats and other vectors such as flies. documents. 7. First Aid At every workplace, first aid kit shall be readily available including Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials, medicines and conservation during PIU appliances in accordance with the regulations. /mitigation construction The contractor will arrange for availability of a suitable transport at measures. works all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital. At every workplace the medical assistance shall be made available Appropriate as per the existing regulations. provisions in the contract documents. 8. Potable water The contractor will make available uncontaminated, sufficient Testing of Once each Contra. IA, PMU 12,000 quantity of potable water for drinking, cooking and washing within water quality month PIU Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 37
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. each workplace in an accessible place as per the existing as per regulations. IS10500-1991 9. Hygiene The contractor shall provide and maintain necessary (temporary) Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labor to standards conservation during PIU as approved by the IA. /mitigation construction At every workplace and labor quarters sufficient number of bathing measures. works facilities, latrines and urinals shall be provided in accordance with the existing regulations. These bathroom and toilet facilities shall Appropriate be suitably located within the workplace/buildings. Latrines shall be provisions in cleaned daily and kept in a strict sanitary condition. If women are the contract employed, separate latrines and urinals, marked in the vernacular documents. shall be provided. There shall be adequate supply of water, within and close to latrines and urinals. The sewage system must be properly designed, built and operated so that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to air, ground or adjacent watercourses occurs. Compliance with relevant legislation will be strictly adhered to. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner. Construction quarters shall have a clean hygienic environment and adequate health care shall be provided for the work force. Unless otherwise arranged for by the local authority, the contractor shall arrange proper disposal of sludge from septic tanks. The contractor shall obtain approval for such disposal from the relevant authorities. The location of campsite, storage depots shall preferably on Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU 10. Location of campsite, unproductive lands.. conservation during PIU storage depots /mitigation construction measures. works Use of agricultural/cultivable lands shall not be allowed under any
circumstances Appropriate provisions in All fuel loading, unloading, storage areas shall be spill proof, the contract leakage proof and carried out on impervious/paved areas documents
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 38
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. The site shall have suitable system to drain storm water, sanitary facilities and should not contaminate Lake Water
The site shall also have a system for handling any emergency situation like fire, explosion etc.
(i) Protection of Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties 1. Prevention of damage All necessary and adequate care shall be taken to minimize impact Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU to Archaeological, on archaeological and cultural properties which includes cultural conservation during PIU Cultural and Religious sites and remains, places of worship including temples, mosques, /mitigation construction Places and Properties churches and shrines, etc., graveyards, monuments and any other measures. works important structures during construction. Work shall not encroach in to such properties, premises and precincts under any Appropriate --NA-- --NA- circumstances. provisions in Conservation and protection measures shall be taken up as per the contract design and as per the instructions issued by the relevant authorities documents. when working close to or within such sites. Contractor shall seek advice from the IA if such instructions are not available. Access to such properties from the road shall be maintained clear and clean. Blasting work shall not be allowed near or within archaeological and historical sites without prior approval of the relevant authorities.. All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity and structures and other remains or things of geological or archaeological interest etc. discovered on the site and/or during construction work shall be the property of the Government of India, and shall be dealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation. The contractor shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing and shall, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal inform the IA of such discovery and all work shall be stopped within 100m in all directions from the site of discovery till further instructions from the IA. Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 39
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. (j) Environmental Enhancement 1. Landscape Road landscape plantation, re-vegetation of road embankments and Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU 16,800 For avenue other slopes, edge treatment of water bodies shall be taken up as conservation during PIU plantation directed by the IA. The contactor also shall remove all debris, piles /mitigation construction of unwanted earth, spoil material, etc away from the roadsides and measures. works from other work places and disposed at designated locations The contractor will prepare a site restoration plan to be approved by Appropriate the IA. The clean up and restoration operations are to be provisions in implemented by the contractor before the site is demobilized. On the contract completion of the works, temporary structures shall be cleared documents. away in full, all rubbish burnt, waste dumps and septic tank shall be filled and closed and roadsides, workplaces and labor quarters, cleared and cleaned. The wastes generated by usage of oil, lubricants and petroleum products will be disposed in accordance with the regulations. 2. Utilities and roadside Contractor shall replace all amenities that were removed/relocated Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU amenities during the construction. conservation during PIU Contractor shall take care not to damage/destroy or affect the /mitigation construction functional purposes of utilities such as water, electricity, telephone measures. works poles. Prior to commencement of work the contractor shall consult those service providers and agree on a plan for shifting or relocating Appropriate these utilities temporarily or permanently as required. Contractor provisions in shall assist the service providers in whatever possible manner to the contract minimize disruption to such services. The arrangements the documents. contractor made with those service providers shall be informed to the IA. In case of an inadvertent damage caused to a utility, the contractor shall immediately inform the service provider and help to restore the service without delay. 3. Road components Road components including footpaths, railings, storm water drains, Execution of Periodic reviews Contra. IA, PMU crash barrier, traffic signs, speed zone signs, pavement markers and conservation during PIU any other such items will be provided as agreed with the IA. /mitigation construction measures. works
Appropriate Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 40
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. provisions in the contract documents. 4. Tree plantation The tree plantation at road side, enhancement sites, forest land, Execution of Periodic reviews IA, PIU PMU community forestations, etc. will be implemented by the IA through conservation during an appropriate agency /mitigation construction The tree plantation is to be implemented for the proposed project measures works for the retrieval of green cover. Re-plantation should be implemented at the rate of 1:2 of the felled trees. Along the approach roads near the lake water or the appropriate location trees may be planted. A proper tree plantation plan for the proposed project is to be prepared by the Project implementing agencies in consultation with the appropriate authorities. The plan should define the regular maintenance requirements for its good upkeep. 5. Lake & Ground Water Monitor water quality for Physico- chemical parameters as per Execution of Periodic reviews IA, PIU PMU Quality IS:7967 before start, during and after completion of operations and conservation during to check the status of the water quality /mitigation construction The monitoring of the lake water may be carried out at least ONCE measures works in a months for the period of two years In case of the ground water in settlement areas near to the project site, sampling will be done for pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons for the period of two years (k) Handling Environmental Issues during Construction 1. Handling Environmental The Contractor will appoint a suitably qualified Environmental Appointment Once – prior to Contra. IA, PMU Issues during Construction Officer as soon as the contract is finalized and about to be of commencement PIU awarded. Environment of physical The Environmental Officer will be the primary point of contact for Officer by the works assistance with all environmental issues during the pre-construction contractor. and construction phases. He/She shall be responsible for ensuring the implementation of EMP. Establishing
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 41
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. The Contractor shall appoint a person responsible for community complaints Periodic liaison and to handle public complaints regarding environmental redressal monitoring of /social related matters. All public complaints will be entered into system. complaints the Complaints Register. The Environmental Officer will promptly redressed. investigate and review environmental complaints and implement Continuous the appropriate corrective actions to arrest or mitigate the cause of community Periodic the complaints. A register of all complaints is to be passed to the IA participation monitoring by within 48 hrs they are received, with the action taken by the IA/PMU Environmental Officer on complains thereof. Contractor shall develop suitable method to receive complaints. The complaint register shall be placed at a convenient place, easily accessible by the public. The Environment Officer /IA will have a continuous interaction with local people around the project area to ensure that the construction activities are not causing undue inconvenience to the local residents due to noise, dust, debris disposal, etc. The contractor shall be responsible in reporting the implementation of the EMP to the IA based on an agreed reporting format either monthly or periodically, as agreed. The report should carry observations of the PMU who will be monitoring compliance with EMP continuously. Periodic field supervision shall be undertaken by the IA /PMU to make observations on the implementation progress of the EMP. D. Operation and maintenance stage related 1. Operation performance The IA will monitor the effectiveness and performance of various Environment Periodic as per Moni. Lab. IA monitoring environmental mitigation measures carried out with respect to water quality need basis quality, soil erosion, survival rate of trees planted, environmental enhancement provisions, rehabilitation of borrow areas, etc. 2. Maintenance of drainage The IA will ensure that all drainage systems are periodically Cleaning of Periodic as per Contra. IA IA systems cleaned to facilitate passage of rainwater to avoid flooding. drains need basis 3. Pollution monitoring The IA will monitor the environmental quality in terms of ambient Environment Twice in the Moni. Lab IA 1,28,000 air, water, soil, noise, etc. at selected locations in accordance with parameters first year, once the environmental monitoring plan. each year thereafter
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 5- 42
Project stage - anticipated Parameter to Measurement Institutional Cost2 Remarks Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures be frequency Responsibility issues and impacts monitored1 Impl. Sup. 4. Soil erosion and Visual monitoring and inspection of soil erosion at borrow areas, Soil erosion Once in three IA IA monitoring of borrow areas embankments, and other locations those are likely to be affected months will be carried out. 5. Safety measures The contractor will submit to IA an accident safety and hazardous Mgt. plan Submission of Contra. IA chemicals spill management plan including the details of alternate plan to IA evacuation routes /options in case of emergency.
Impl. – Implementation; Sup. – Supervision; PIU – Project implementation unit; PMU – Project management unit; IA – Implementing Agency; Contra. – Contractor; Moni. – Monitoring, NA – Not Applicable Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Chapter 6.0 Institutional Requirements Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 6 - 1
6.0 Institutional Requirements
The institutional requirements for implementation of environmental mitigation action plan are presented in this section.
6.1 Institutional Setup and Coordination
The monitoring and evaluation of the EMAP is critical activity in ascertaining the effectiveness of mitigation measures and controlling the adverse environmental impact of the project.
The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) Department of Highways has the responsibility in implementing the environmental mitigation measures. The responsibility also includes notifying the affected parties, their relocation and notifying the utility departments such as telephones, water supply, electricity etc. which use the approach roads for providing the utility services.
PIU will get the EMAP implemented by incorporating EMAP requirements in the contractual agreement along with the provision of penalties to be levied if the contractor fails to comply with the prescribed conditions.
6.1.1 Department of Highways (DoH)
DOH shall initiate coordination process among the concerned organizations for EMAP implementation. DOH shall take lead in;
• Reviewing the progress of the projects and plans particularly in respect of the EMAP.
• Reviewing and discussing the salient features of the quarterly environmental status reports prepared by the concerned authorities.
• Organizing and coordinating training programs for all the PIU and related organizations
• The PIU (DoH) is responsible for both environmental planning and management. It will also be responsible for coordinating the environmental related works and ensuring preparation and implementation of sectoral and project level EMAP for the Proposed Bridge projects.
Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 6 - 2
6.1.2 Project Implementation Agency / Unit (PIA / PIU)
The responsibility of implementing the various environmental mitigation measures lies with DOH as PIU. The responsibility includes various tasks such as notifying various affected persons (informal vendors in this case), utility departments-government and private, which use road/bridge for providing utilities.
6.1.3 Environmental Management & Capacity Building
DoH will take initiative at implementation stage for Environment Management & Capacity Building (EMCB). PIU shall be responsible for;
• Review institutional capacity of PIU vis-à-vis environmental management in general and addressing environmental issues of TEAP in particular.
• Identify organisational needs in terms of structure, resources (facilities, and staff), roles and responsibilities in DOH.
• Develop and plan training programme including:
Identification of different training modules covering various courses at different levels (initial and recurring)
Identification of trainers
Development of training programs for each module
Development of training material for each module (slides, videos and information support material)
Planning training schedule
Development of a mechanism for training feedback assessment
• Conduct or organise training program according to the above program and provide feedback on the effectiveness of the training.
• Coordinate the monitoring and supervision in coordination with ADB in relation to environmental issues during project implementation by:
Helping to develop uniform codes of practice for construction management that integrate all relevant environmental concerns upstream in subprojects (based on a review of what currently exists within the PIU’s)
Assisting in supervision of studies to be undertaken under the project, for example study on noise levels along the project road to be undertaken in order to map the noise levels w.r.t. Sensitive receptors with a view to recommend adequate mitigation measures.
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6.1.4 Project Contractor
The Project contractor is the lower most agency in the multi-level institutional arrangement. The contractor shall implement the EMAP measures, enhancement measures and measures as directed by PIU. The responsibility on the contractor for implementing the EMAP measures shall be built into contractual agreement that the contractor has with PIU. As a part of his responsibility, the contractor shall submit a report on compliances with environmental mitigation measure ECR (Environmental Compliance Report) periodically to the PIU. The PIU shall review and approve the ECR submitted by the contractor. After approval PIU will submit ECR to ADB.
6.2 Institutional Strengthening
The implementation of an environmentally sound transport strategy involves a number of institutions/organisations at various levels, with each organization having a distinct role to play. Introducing environmental dimensions in formulating and implementing a transport strategy would require these institutions should have additional responsibilities for ensuring that the strategy does not result in any significant adverse environmental impacts.
In order to examine the existing capacities and identify the additional responsibilities that the concerned Organisations/Institutions shall take up to address environmental issues.
DoH is the apex organisation and being the regional planning authority has to be regular interactions with various concerned Agencies. The existing capabilities of these organizations/agencies for environmental management have been carefully assessed. The envisaged roles and responsibilities of these organisations and additional strengthening requirements to meet the environmental obligations are given in Table 6.1.
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Table 6.1: Institutional Strengthening & Training Requirements Organisation Roles & Responsibilities Strengthening Required DOH Review the Implementation of EMAP Enhance the capabilities of the PIU by out sourcing whenever required. Facilitate implementation of policy Training coordinated by DOH to directives/emission laws etc. for support the EMCB programme on: pollution prevention/mitigation by • Environmental assessment interacting with various Govt. Deptt. • Appreciation of Environmental Like Environment Deptt, TNPCB, PWD impacts and procedures and etc. responsibilities for EMAP implementation, monitoring & Review the environmental management reporting etc. capabilities of implementing contractors to assist them in developing their capabilities.
Obtain and analyze environmental information generated by organisations like TNPCB, or private agencies etc. DOH/Contractor Monitoring of ambient air quality, noise The contractor will monitor and level, surface and underground water ensure appropriate implementation quality and aquatic flora and fauna at during the project constrctruction existing project locations. Extending stage. monitoring for post project monitoring. DOH will have to operate air quality, Regular report to DOH to enable noise level, water sampling, aquatic environmental planning. flora & fauna monitoring programme during post project through the state PCB or private monitoring agency which has already have trained personnel. Training & relation to Quality Assurance and dissemination and other issues as suggested in the report.
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6.2.1 Role of Implementing Authorities in Construction Phase Mitigation
Implementing Organizations for Construction Stage Mitigation
The project implementing authorities like DOH has major role in enforcement mitigation of measures during construction phase. These measures can be taken care by the contractors assigned the project under supervision of implementing authorities.
Mechanisms for Implementing Mitigation
The project implementing agency shall include a section in their tender document for the project, which is aimed at getting the mitigation measure implemented during construction stage. Various points recommended for incorporation are:
• Construction should be scheduled in such a manner that excavated site does not remain exposed during monsoons.
• Construction should be taken up stage wise to reduce inconvenience to users.
• Covering trucks carrying construction materials susceptible to getting air borne.
• Enclosing the construction sites for the reasons of public safety, containment of dust and aesthetics.
• Specification of noise level for construction equipment. Values recommended are Drilling 75 dB A) Vibrator 75 dB(A) Dumper 75 dB(A)
• Specifications for operating construction equipment away from sensitive receptor, unless it is not feasible, in which case temporary noise shield to be used.
• Specification for the sites to be used for the disposal of the excavated material at the DOH specified sites.
Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 7.0 EMAP Cost Estimate Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 7 - 1
7.0 EMAP Cost Estimate
The broad Cost estimate of the environmental mitigation measures works out to Rs 19.6 lakhs. The construction works of the proposed High Level Bridge have been estimated at about 10 crores and the EMAP cost estimate is 1.96% of the proposed construction cost. The EMAP cost estimate along with its breakup is presented in Table 7.1. The EMAP for bridges and approach roads with reference to Environment issues and impacts along with parameters to be monitored, measurement frequency, and Institutional responsibility, cost are given at the end of this chapter.
Table 7.1: EMAP Cost Estimate Sr. Item No. Assumption Rate Adopted Total Cost No. (in Rs.) (in Rs.) Construction Phase 1 Air Quality One representative 10,000/-per 3,60,000 Monitoring sample for 24 hours for sample each location once in a month, (2X18) sample for a period of 18 months for two representative locations near the bridge ends 2 Noise Monitoring One representative 1,500/-per day 54,000 sample for 24 hours for each location once in a months (2X18) samples for a period of 18 months for two representative locations near the bridge ends
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Sr. Item No. Assumption Rate Adopted Total Cost No. (in Rs.) (in Rs.) 3 Water quality Two representative 1000/- per monitoring samples that include sample one surface water and one ground water sample Surface Water (1 X 18) 18,000 for a period of 18 months at the bridge location.
Underground Water (1 18,000 X18) for a period of 18 months from the bore well in LH Kuppam
36,000 4 Monitoring of 1 representative sample 1500/- per 27,000 Aquatic flora and for aquatic flora and location fauna fauna for a period of 18 months ( 1X18) at bridge location 5 Tree Re-plantation 2 x 6 nos 1400/tree 16,800 and maintenance for a period of 2 years 6 Sewage / Effluent LS 50,000 50,000 disposal and waste disposal during construction 7 Dust suppression 18 months 50,000/month 9,00,000 Measures 8 Vibration Monitoring Total 18 sample one 1500/sample 27,000 sample before construction and 17 during construction Total 14,70,800
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Sr. Item No. Assumption Rate Adopted Total Cost No. (in Rs.) (in Rs.) Contingencies @ 5% 73,540 Total Amount 15,44,340 Operational Phase 1 Air Quality One representative 10,000/-per 2,40,000 Monitoring sample for 24 hours sample (1X24) samples for a period of 2 years at bridge location.
2 Noise Monitoring One representative 1,500/-per day 36,000 sample for 24 hours (1X24) samples for a period of 2 years at bridge location. 3 Water quality Two representative 1000/- per monitoring samples that include sample one surface water and one ground water sample Surface Water (1X24) 24,000 for a period of 2 years under the bridge 24,000 Underground Water (1 X 24) for a period of 2 years from the bore well in LH Kuppam 48,000
4 Monitoring of 1 representative sample 1500/- per 36,000 Aquatic flora and along with its location location fauna for aquatic flora and fauna for a period of 2 years ( 1X24) under the bridge 5 Vibration Monitoring 1 representative sample 1500/- per 36,000 near the location for 2 sample years (1*24)
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Sr. Item No. Assumption Rate Adopted Total Cost No. (in Rs.) (in Rs.) Total 3,96,000
Contingencies @ 5% 19,800
Total Amount 4,15,800
GRAND TOTAL 19,60,140
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Chapter 8.0 Findings and Recommendations Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 8 - 1
8.0 Findings and Recommendations
8.1 Findings
The following are the findings of the lEE of the proposed High Level Bridge across the Pulicat Lake in Pulicat Light House Kuppam in Tiruvallur district;
The IEE of the proposed project indicates an economic investment and is beneficial for the local economy of the Kuppams and villages. In fact the proposed project of the bridge has been earlier identified as high priority project under the prioritization study and investment plan of the Tamil Nadu Government. The Project is largely confined to the minimum right of way in the lake water. The land acquisition will be restricted to minimum in waterway as well as on the land. As per the Coastal Regulated Zone Notification, the proposed HLB will require the CRZ clearance from the Department of Environment, Government of Tamil Nadu / MoEF, Government of India as per the regulations and their requirements. Consent for establishment is also required from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Government of Tamil Nadu. The corridor of impact/right of way of the proposed bridge project traverse through bird sanctuary area. Necessary proposal for getting clearance from Govt of India have been initiated. The corridor of impact does not have any historical/archeologically important monuments and heritage sites. The proposed project will involve clearing of a very small number of 6 trees within the RoW. Although the loss of trees due to the proposed project will be apparent on short term, impacts will not be significant on long term. As per the stipulations of the State, it is mandatory to seek prior permission for tree felling and accordingly saplings are to be planted for every tree felled during/after the project at the ratio of 1:2. The re- planted saplings are to be maintained for at least two years and funded by the project authorities, Department of Highways, Government of Tamil Nadu. The water requirements for construction will be largely met through the water tankers sourced from outside the project region. During the hauling operations, measures will be enforced to ensure the environment protection, namely, sprinkling of water to contain dust, spillage-proof vehicles for hauling, regular maintenance of vehicles and monthly re-validation of vehicle emission test certificates. Work force camp for the construction works is to be provided with adequate water supply, septic tank with soak away pits, health care facilities and rationing of LPG to negate dependence on fuel wood.
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The lEE has identified likely impacts and has defined mitigation measures in the form of an environmental mitigation action plan (EMAP). These mitigation measures are to be implemented and monitored. A control matrix showing responsibilities and monitoring frequency of mitigation measures is defined. The lEE is to be included in the construction contract provisions so that the prospective contractors are aware of the environmental requirements of the proposed project and accordingly provide for in their bids. A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) is required for the implementation of the EMAP. The PIU will manage and oversee the implementation of the EMAP by the contractors. The environmental monitoring will be executed by a competent agency on the approved list of the Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India or Tamil Nadu State Pollution Control Board, Government of Tamil Nadu. Provision has been made in the Project cost estimate for the implementation of the environmental mitigation / enhancement measures for both construction and initial 2- year operation period.
8.2 Recommendations
The environmental attributes likely to be impacted due to the project have been identified, assessed and appropriate mitigation measures have defined to negate or limit the impacts. An Environmental Mitigation Action Plan has been suggested for implementation. Therefore, the construction of the proposed High Level Bridge across Pulicat Lake at the tail end of the extended Chennai-Pulicat Lake Road in Pulicat Light House Kuppam in Ponneri taluq of Tiruvallur district is unlikely to have any long-term impacts. Consequently no further detailed environmental impact assessment studies are required for this project.
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Chapter 9.0 Conclusions Initial Environmental Evaluation Report Page 9 - 1
9.0 Conclusions
In the light of all the discussions and findings in the preceding sections, it can be concluded that the construction of the proposed High Level Bridge across Pulicat Lake at the extended Chennai-Pulicat Road connecting Pulicat Light House Kuppam in Ponneri taluq of Tiruvallur district will not have any adverse impacts but will be an environmentally beneficial option contributing to the upliftment of the economy of the kuppams on the Light House side. Moreover the bridge project is proposed under Tsunami Emergency Assistance Project funded by Asian Development Bank and is mainly intended to serve as an escape route for those residing in the island as well as for transporting personnel and equipment to the affected site during emergency situations.
Since the proposed High Level Bridge falls with in the bird sanctuary which is the protected area the environment is categorized as B Sensitive, which will have Environmental Impacts of lesser significance no further Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is necessary. The IEE shall be the final Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report.
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Appendix - 3 Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ROADS AND HIGHWAYS
Instructions: • This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department. • This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department. • This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development. • Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: India / High Level Bridge across Pulicot Lake in Pulicot Village
Sector Division: Thiruvallur District/Pulicot Taluk
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Siting Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? • Cultural heritage site √
• Protected Area √
• Wetland √
• Mangrove √
• Estuarine √
• Buffer zone of protected area √
• Special area for protecting √ biodiversity SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS
B. Potential Environmental Impacts
Will the Project cause…
• Encroachment on √ historical/cultural areas; disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries? • Encroachment on precious √ ecology (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)?
• Alteration of surface water √ hydrology of waterways crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site? • Deterioration of surface water √ quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction? • Increased local air pollution due to √ rock crushing, cutting and filling works, and chemicals from asphalt processing? • Noise and vibration due to √ blasting and other civil works? • dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people • Other social concerns relating to √ inconveniences in living conditions in the project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and stress? • Hazardous driving conditions √ where construction interferes with pre-existing roads? • Poor sanitation and solid waste √ disposal in construction camps and work sites, and possible SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS transmission of communicable diseases from workers to local populations? • Creation of temporary breeding √ habitats for mosquito vectors of disease? • Dislocation and compulsory √ resettlement of people living in right-of-way? • Accident risks associated with √ increased vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials and loss of life? • Increased noise and air pollution √ resulting from traffic volume? • Increased risk of water pollution √ from oil, grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road?
The Environment is categorized as B Sensitive