The Chennai Comprehensive Transportation Study (CCTS)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The consultants are grateful to Tmt. Susan Mathew, I.A.S., Addl. Chief Secretary to Govt. & Vice-Chairperson, CMDA and Thiru Dayanand Kataria, I.A.S., Member - Secretary, CMDA for the valuable support and encouragement extended to the Study. Our thanks are also due to the former Vice-Chairman, Thiru T.R. Srinivasan, I.A.S., (Retd.) and former Member-Secretary Thiru Md. Nasimuddin, I.A.S. for having given an opportunity to undertake the Chennai Comprehensive Transportation Study. The consultants also thank Thiru.Vikram Kapur, I.A.S. for the guidance and encouragement given in taking the Study forward. We place our record of sincere gratitude to the Project Management Unit of TNUDP-III in CMDA, comprising Thiru K. Kumar, Chief Planner, Thiru M. Sivashanmugam, Senior Planner, & Tmt. R. Meena, Assistant Planner for their unstinted and valuable contribution throughout the assignment. We thank Thiru C. Palanivelu, Member-Chief Planner for the guidance and support extended. The comments and suggestions of the World Bank on the stage reports are duly acknowledged. The consultants are thankful to the Steering Committee comprising the Secretaries to Govt., and Heads of Departments concerned with urban transport, chaired by Vice- Chairperson, CMDA and the Technical Committee chaired by the Chief Planner, CMDA and represented by Department of Highways, Southern Railways, Metropolitan Transport Corporation, Chennai Municipal Corporation, Chennai Port Trust, Chennai Traffic Police, Chennai Sub-urban Police, Commissionerate of Municipal Administration, IIT-Madras and the representatives of NGOs. The consultants place on record the support and cooperation extended by the officers and staff of CMDA and various project implementing organizations and the residents of Chennai, without whom the study would not have been successful. PREFACE The past two decades have seen a growth in population, increased urban sprawl, vehicle ownership, traffic volume and economy far greater than what was thought likely and it is fair, proper and reasonable to anticipate the concomitant transport problems such as congestion, pollution and environmental hazards. To solve the traffic and transportation issues, CMDA initiated the third comprehensive study viz. Chennai Comprehensive Transportation Study (CCTS) in the year 2007, designed to provide the broad parameters for the long term development of transport infrastructure setting objectives for the next two decades, with the horizon year as 2026, with a Vision as spelt out in the Second Master Plan by the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority – “to make Chennai a prime metropolis which will be more livable, economically vibrant and environmentally sustainable and with better assets for the future generations.” It has been our privelege to serve the interests of Chennai metropolis in meeting the travel demand envisaged in formulating this comprehensive transportation plan. The process of replicating the “real world” transportation system and forecasting the state of the system at some future time is the crux of transport demand modeling adopted in the study. Earnest attempt has been made in the formulation of proposals of the integrated transportation system capable of accommodating the projected travel demand by appropriate plans, policies, programmes, priorities and phasing. The goals set, took the inputs of the stakeholders in preparing the SMP that was in conformity with the guidelines of NUTP and approved by the committees constituted for CCTS. The mobility strategies developed have resulted in a number of transport proposals that are categorized into short, medium and long-term measures. The study has emphatically brought it to the fore that the long term goal of ensuring mobility, lies in the development of appropriate modes of public transport system and more particularly in the provision of high order mass transit systems, to be in tune with the avowed policy of moving people rather than vehicles. The study addresses challenges arising from shortcoming in the existing transport networks as a result of limited investment over decades for want of financial resources. We have identified financial mechanisms that accumulate capital funding for deficit correction and expansion; including public – private participation (PPP) wherever suitable. We have incorporated the latest study techniques and have put in our best efforts and in doing so, we believe that we have brought out recommendations, the translation of which into reality will set the pace for significant development of Chennai metropolis, contributing in no small measure in making it a preferred destination for major investments. For Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited P Hariharan Chief Executive Officer STUDY TEAM Vinoba Sunder Singh R. Krishnamurthy N. Seshadri Lila P.C DR. S. P. Palaniswamy Vittal Puvvada Jeena Pradeep M Bhoominathan Saswati Ghosh Belliappa Dr. Udayakumar V.N.K.Satyasai Tata K. Sankar A. Sudheer Ganesh Raja G.S Ramanujam Janaki Sarma D. Manjula S.Suma S.Saraswathy Swetha Reddy V.Suneer Nrupesh LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ATC Area Traffic Control AVI Average Income BMC Brihath Mumbai Municipal Corporation BPR Bureau of Public Roads BRT Bus Rapid Transit BRTS Bus Rapid Transit System CBD Central Business District CCTS Chennai Comprehensive Transportation Study CCTV Closed Circuit Television CDP City Development Plan CMA Chennai Metropolitan Area CMBT Chennai Mufussil Bus Terminal CMDA Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority CMRL Chennai Metro Rail Limited Co Carbon Monoxide CoC Corporation of Chennai CRTM Consorcio Regional Transport Madrid CTH Road Chennai Thiruvallur High Road CTP Chennai Traffic Police CTSS City Traffic Signal System CTTS Comprehensive Traffic and Transportation Study DCF Discounted Cash Flow DIC District Industrial Centre DoH Department of Highways EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMP Employment EMPC Employment (Commercial + Industrial + Other) EMPCI Employment (Commercial + Informal) ENPV Economic Net Present Value FDI Foreign Direct Investment FVRD Fraser Valley Regional District GHMC Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation GNT Road Grand Northern Trunk Road GoI Government of India GoTN Government of Tamil Nadu GR Government Resolution GST Road Grand Southern Trunk Road GVTA Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority GWT Road Grand Western Trunk Road HATS Hyderabad Area Transportation Study HCV Heavy Commercial Vehicle HHI Household Interview HMDA Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority HO HO Hop On, Hop Off HOV High Occupancy Vehicles IPT Intermediate Public Transport IRC Indian Roads Congress IRR Inner Ring Road ITES Information Technology Enabled Services ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems JnNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission KMPH Kilometers per Hour LCV Light Commercial Vehicle LRT Light Rail Transit LTA Land Transport Authority MAV Multi axle Vehicle MEPZ Madras Export Processing Zone MMRDA Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority MMTS Multi Modal Transport System MoB Mobility Study MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization MRTS Mass Rapid Transit System MSRDC Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation MTA Metropolitan Transportation Authority MTC Metropolitan Transport Corporation MTP Metropolitan Transportation Plan MUDP Madras Urban Development Project NPV Net Present Value NH National Highways NHAI National Highways Authority of India NMT Non-motorized transport NMV Non-Motorized Vehicle NOV Number of Vehicles NUTP National Urban Transport Policy O & M Operation and Maintenance ORR Outer Ring Road PCE Passenger Car Equivalent PCMC Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation PCTR Per Capita Trip Rate PCU Passenger Car Units PHT Passenger Hours of Travel PMC Pune Municipal Corporation PMPML Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd PMTA Pune Metropolitan Transport Authority POP Population Pphpd passengers per hour per direction PPP Public-private partnership PWD Public Works Department RoB Road Over Bridge RoW Right-of-Way RSI Road Side Interview RuB Road Under Bridge SCEN School Enrollment SCR South Central Railway SETC State Express Transport Corporation SEZs Special Economic Zones SIDCO Small Scale Industrial Development Corporation SIPCOT State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu SMP Second Master Plan SPM Suspended Particulate Matter STIF Syndicat des Transports d’Ile-de-France STP Strategic Transportation Plan STPOP Student Population STRR Satellite Town Ring Road TAZ Traffic Analysis Zone TDM Travel Demand Management TFL Transport for London TIP Transportation Improvement Program TLRN Transport for London Road Network TMC Traffic Management Center TNPCB Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board TPP Road Thiruvottriyur-Ponneri-Panchetti Road ULBs Urban Local Bodies UMTA Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority UPWP Unified Planning Work Program USA United States of America VGF Viability Gap Fund VHT Vehicle Hours of Travel VOC Vehicle Operating Cost VOT Value of Travel Time Chennai Comprehensive Transportation Study Final Report-Executive Version TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 II. Approach ...................................................................................................... 8 III. Metropolitan Characteristics ............................................................................... 8 IV. Travel Demand Forecast ..................................................................................