Robert Elsie* Albanische Literatur Und Kultur Nach Sechsundvierzig

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Robert Elsie* Albanische Literatur Und Kultur Nach Sechsundvierzig SÜDOSTEUROPA. 4 0 .J h g „ 1 1 - 1 2 /1 9 9 1 Robert Elsie* Albanische Literatur und Kultur nach sechsundvierzig Jahren Sozialismus Ein Zustandsbericht D i e Entwicklung e i n e r Schriftkultur i n A l b a n i e n w a r n i e e i n f a c h , o b g l e i c h e s z u k e i n e r Z e i t a n künstlerischem B e s t r e b e n u n d schöpferischer K r a f t f e h l t e . Z u o f t h a t t e d e r s t ü r m i s c h e V e r l a u f d e r albanischen G e s c h i c h t e d i e K n o s p e n d e r z a r te n P f l a n z e albanischer L i t e r a t u r abgerissen, b i s w e i l e n d i e W u r z e l d e r Nationalkultur durchtrennt. D i e ausgesprochen theologische Orientierung d e r frühalbanischen L i t e r a ­ t u r d e s 1 6 . u n d 1 7 . Jahrhunderts m i t Übersetzungen v o n Kirchenschriften u n d m i t d e n e r s t e n a u f a l b a n i s c h geschriebenen r e l ig i ö s e n T e x t e n , z .B . d e m M e ß ­ b u c h d e s G j o n B u z u k u 1 5 5 5 , h ä t te i m S c h a t t e n R o m s v i e l l e i c h t e i n s o l i d e s Kulturfundament i m Z e i t a l t e r d e r Gegenreformation b i l d e n k ö n n e n . J e d o c h e r s c h i e n e n b a l d d i e L a h n e n d e s I s l a m a m ö s t l i c h e n H o r i z o n t . D a s k l e i n e B a l ­ k a n l a n d m u ß t e d i e v o l l e W u c h t osmanischer A u s d e h n u n g e r d u l d e n . D i e t ü r ­ k i s c h e Kolonisierung A l b a n i e n s , d i e s c h o n 1 3 8 5 b e g a n n , s p a l t e t e d a s L a n d i n d r e i Kulturkreise: 1 . d i e i s l a m i s c h e H o c h k u l t u r d e s O s t e n s , d i e s i c h a l s A u s ­ drucksm ittel d e r türkischen, d e r p e r s i s c h e n u n d d e r a r a b i s c h e n S p r a c h e b e ­ d i e n t e u n d e t w a s s p ä t e r a u c h z u m T e i l d e r albanischen S p r a c h e i n e i n e r s t i l i­ s i e r t e n Aljamiado-L i t e r a t u r , z . B. i n d e r L y r i k d e r sogenannten Bejtexhinj; 2 . d i e vegetierende griechisch-orthodoxe K u l t u r d e s S ü d e n s - e i n Vermächtnis B y z a n z ’ -, d i e i m 1 8 . Jahrhundert e i n e g a n z e R e ih e v o n B ü c h e r n u n d S c h r i f t e n r e l i g i ö s e n u n d geisteswissenschaftlichen I n h a l t s i n albanischer S p r a c h e s c h u f , a ll e r d i n g s i n griechischer S c h r i f t ; u n d 3 . d i e erwachende K u l t u r u n d L i t e r a t u r d e r Italo-Albaner o d e r A r b e r e s h Süditaliens, d i e i n e i n e m glücklicheren s o ­ z i a l e n , politischen u n d wirtschaftlichen K l i m a g e z ü c h t e t w u r d e u n d a u s d e m e r g i e b i g e n Geistesboden italienischer Zivilisation K r a f t s c h ö p f e n k o n n t e . M i t d e m E r s c h e i n e n d e r Nationalbewegung i n d e r z w e i t e n H ä l f t e d e s 1 9 . Jahrhunderts w u r d e n e n d li c h d i e e r s t e n b l e i b e n d e n L u n d a m e n t e e i n e r a l ­ b a n i s c h e n Nationalliteratur g e l e g t , d i e s i c h f ü r d i e Unabhängigkeit A l b a n i e n s o d e r z u m i n d e s t f ü r e i n g e w i s s e s M a ß a n A u t o n o m ie i n n e r h a lb d e s d a h i n s i e ­ c h e n d e n Osmanischen R e i c h e s e i n s e t z t e . B e i d e r L i t e r a t u r d i e s e r s o g e n a n n ­ t e n Rilindja- Z e it d e s n a t i o n a l e n E r w a c h e n s h a n d e l te e s s i c h u m W e r k e d e s romantischen Nationalismus, d i e s i c h n o c h h e u t e f ü r e i n Verständnis d e r albanischen M e n t a l i t ä t a l s b e s o n d e r s h i l f r e i c h e r w e i s e n . W i e s o o f t i n d e r albanischen G e s c h i c h t e s t e l lt e d a s S c h r e i b e n a u f a l b a n i s c h e i n S y m b o l d e s W iderstandes g e g e n d i e ausländischen Eindringlinge d a r , d i e b e w u ß t o d e r u n b e w u ß t v e r s u c h t h a b e n , d a s L a n d k u l t u r e l l z u unterwerfen. N i c h t z u U n - Dr. Robert Elsie, Olzheim/Eifel. Manuskripteinreichung: Oktober 1991 Albanische Literatur und Kultur nach sechsundvierzig Jahren Sozialismus 6 0 1 re ch t a lso betrachtete d ie H o h e P fo rte a lle Bestrebungen d e r z u m g rö ß te n T e il moslemischen A lb a n e r im B e reic h d e r L ite ratu r u n d B ild u n g a ls u m - stürzlerisch u n d v e rb o t a lle albanischsprachigen S c h u le n u n d Veröffentli­ c h u n g e n .
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