DOCSLIB.ORG

SATCOM for Net-Centric Warfare October 2012 Milsatmagazine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SATCOM for Net-Centric Warfare October 2012 Milsatmagazine SATCOM For Net-Centric Warfare October 2012 MilsatMagazine Ultra-Critical Comms New Bus Line Command Centers... GMV USA’s Beech SST-US’ Paffet Paradigm’s Sandberg The HPA Corner USSR/Russian Recon Sats National Comms Infrastructure Comms For Afghanistan The Role Of Optical Fiber Cover image is courtesy of Harris Corporation Sadtler + C.V.s MilsatMagazine — October 2012 — Vol. 3, #6 We reserve the right to edit all submitted materials to meet our Publishing Ops Authors content guidelines, as well as for grammar and spelling consistency. Silvano Payne ......................................Publisher + Writer David Anhalt Articles may be moved to an alternative issue to accommodate Hartley G. Lesser ..................................Editorial Director David Cavossa publication space requirements or Pattie Waldt ........................................... Executive Editor Karl Fuchs removed due to space restrictions. Jill Durfee ................... Sales Director, Editorial Assistant Bob Gough Submission of content does not constitute acceptance of said Donald McGee ..................................Production Manager Jos Heyman material by SatNews Publishers. Simon Payne ................................ Development Manager Spc. Anthony Hooker Edited materials may, or may Chris Forrester ....................... Senior Contributing Editor Stephen Larson not, be returned to author and/ or company for review prior to Alan Gottlieb .......................... Senior Contributing Editor Hartley Lesser publication. The views expressed Bob Gough ............................. Senior Contributing Editor Tip Osterthaler in our various publications do not Jos Heyman ............................ Senior Contributing Editor Joe Petrie necessarily reflect the views or opinions of SatNews Publishers. Mike Antonovich ................................Contributing Editor Bert Sadtler All rights reserved. Article order Richard Dutchik .................................Contributing Editor Lnc. Cpl. S. Tomaszycki placement within any issue is at Karl Fuchs ..........................................Contributing Editor Pattie Waldt the discretion of the editors. Michael Kelley ....................................Contributing Editor Spc. Jonathan Wood All included imagery is courtesy Bert Sadtler .......................................Contributing Editor of, and copyright to, the Dan Makinster ...................................... Technical Advisor respective companies. Dispatches ULA’s Delta Takes GPS To New Heights (ULA) Page 10 Comms Exercise In Puerto Rico (U.S.A.) Page 12 Tactical Considerations (Harris) Page 14 Crisis Training (U.S.A.) Page 14 This Does Compute... (Trimble) Page 16 Published monthly by Interoperability, TacComms + More (SMi) Page 16 SatNews Publishers 800 Siesta Way Integration Completed (NGC) Page 17 Sonoma, CA 95476 USA Phone: (707) 939-9306 Fax: (707) 939-9235 Comms Up... (U.S.M.C.) Page 18 © 2012 SatNews Publishers Enemies Will Be Praying... Mantis... (VisLink Int’l) Page 20 A Day In The Life Of N.I.E. (U.S.A.) Page 21 Life + Death Situations Require SATCOM Page 23 Please Fence Us In (U.S.A.F.) Page 24 BLOS Benies For BACN (NGC) Page 24 MILSATCOM Amplification (CPI) Page 25 Making SATCOM Headway (Bentley Walker) Page 25 4 MilsatMagazine — October 2012 MilsatMagazine — October 2012 — Vol. 3, #6 Features Wideband, Good—Narrowband, Critical The hype in the satellite industry for the past few years has been all about Ka-band and tens to hundreds of megabits of throughput to small and-on-the 26 move terminals. (by David Cavossa) Command Center: Theresa Beech, GMV USA Theresa Beech is responsible for overseeing all aspects of GMV USA’s business development and contractual agreements, as well as coordinating GMV’s 28 business strategy worldwide. The Future Is Light RF links in military communication are ubiquitous, from just a single antenna used by mobile troops right up to the large satellite dish farms used for 32 government monitoring. (by Joe Petrie) The HPA Corner: Facilitating Launch Exemptions There has been a lot of discussion over the past year about how the commercial space industry can be leveraged by the U.S. Government to 34 achieve its goals of resilience, affordability... (by David Anhalt) Command Center: Dr. John Paffet, CEO, SST-US Dr. John Paffett is chief executive officer for Surrey Satellite Technology US LLC (SST-US), the United States subsidiary of world-leading small satellite 36 manufacturer Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL). MILSATCOM Is Critical To Mission Success The United States military has to do more with less. With the official end of the war in Iraq last December and the military drawdown ongoing in 40 Afghanistan... (by Karl Fuchs) Command Center: Jim ARmor, V.P., ATK 44 Jim Armor has been Vice President of Strategy & Business Development for Spacecraft Systems and Engineering Services of ATK Space Systems, Inc. at Alliant Techsystems Inc. since April 2009 Photo Recon Satellites Of USSR/Russia 48 Similar to the United States, the former Union of Socialist Soviet Republics recognized the value of... (by Jos Heyman) Command Center: Ulf Sandberg, 52 Paradigm Ulf Sandberg has 25 years experience in the global satellite and telecom world. 6 MilsatMagazine — October 2012 MilsatMagazine—October 2012—Vol. 3, #6 Essential Nat’l Comms Infrastructure Needed In 2012, the DoD will spend approximately $1 billion buying capacity on commercial communication satellites. (by Tip Osterthaler) 58 Mission Criticall Comms In Afghanistan Similar to the United States, the former Union of Socialist Soviet Republics recognized the value of military reconnaissance satellites... (by Bob Gough) 60 How Significant Is The Résumé The résumé or CV (Curriculum Vitae) has been the focal point for interviewing within industry. (by Bert Sadtler) 64 Advertisers AFCEA — MILCOM’12 Page 67 iDirect Government Technologies (iGT) Page 41 Agile Milcoms Page 21 International Satellite Directory 2012 Page 66 Antcom Corporation Page 03 JD Events — SATCON 2012 Page 57 AVL Technologies Page 25 MITEQ, Inc. / MCL Page 02 Brüel & Kjaer Page 06 MTN Government Services Page 09 Cobham Antenna Systems Page 05 NewSat Limited Page 19 Comtech EF Data Page 23 Newtec CY Page 13 Comtech Xicom Technology Page 33 Northrop Grumman Page 07 CPI, Inc. Page 17 SMi Group — Global MilSatCom Page 63 EM Solutions, Inc. Page 55 Teledyne Microwave Solutions Page 68 GL Communications, Inc. Page 08 ViaSat, Inc. Page 04 Harris CapRock Page 01 Wavestream Corporation Page 11 Harris Corporation Page 15 8 MilsatMagazine — October 2012 Dispatches ULA’s Delta Takes U.S.A.F.’s GPS To New Heights A United Launch Alliance’s our customer’s critical payloads Delta IV rocket launched in their required orbits.” from Cape Canaveral early The Navstar GPS is a on October 4th, carrying a constellation of satellites that Global Positioning System provides navigation data to (GPS) satellite for the military and civilian users United States Air Force. worldwide. The system is operated The launch was on schedule and controlled by the 50th Space at the start of a 19-minute Wing, located at Schriever Air window that opened at 12:10 Force Base, Colorado. UTC (08:10 local time). “Congratulations to the Addendum from United entire team on today’s Launch Alliance successful launch of the GPS IIF-3 satellite,” said Jim During the successfully Sponnick, ULA vice president, launch and deployment of Mission Operations. “ULA and the GPS IIF-3 satellite on our mission partners have a Thursday, during the launch, rich heritage with the GPS an unexpected data signature program and we are proud with the upper stage engine to have served alongside the throughout a portion of the government and contractor flight was observed. The Delta teams over the last two IV’s system design, flight decades to provide important software, vehicle margins and Global Positioning System propellant reserves enabled capabilities for our national the successful outcome for defense and for millions of this mission. civilian and commercial users The unexpected signature around the world.” was seen during second stage This mission was launched performance, as evidenced will thoroughly investigate replacing SVN-39 which will aboard a Delta IV Medium- by a reduced thrust level of and implement appropriate be moved to another auxiliary plus configuration vehicle the RL10 engine. The onboard actions to reliably deliver our position in the A-plane. The using a ULA single common inertial guidance and flight customer’s critical capabilities satellite is expected to be set booster core powered by a control systems compensated to the orbital positions healthy for navigation users Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne for the lower thrust conditions required,” said Jim Sponnick, approximately 90 days after RS-68 main engine, along with and the Delta second stage ULA’s vice president of launch to conduct an extended two Alliant Techsystems GEM delivered the satellite to the Missions Operations. navigation signal test. 60 solid rocket motors. The proper orbit. “We, of course, are incredibly payload was encapsulated by Per standard processes Statement from Los Angeles pleased with the successful a composite payload fairing when a flight data item such Air Force Base outcome of today’s launch. and powered by the four-meter as this has been identified, Thanks to the tireless efforts diameter upper stage using the ULA and Pratt & Whitney A U.S. Air Force Global of the 45th and 50th Space PWR RL10B-2 engine. The GPS Rocketdyne have formed Positioning
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ODQN 15-2, April 2011
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Orbital Debris Quarterly News Volume 15, Issue 2 April 2011 United Nations Discusses Space Inside... Debris and Long-Term Sustainability 14th NASA/DoD ODWG Meeting 2 of Activities in Outer Space NASA/DoD Meeting Space Debris has been an agenda item for In 2010 the subject of long-term sustainability on Active Debris each annual meeting of the Scientific and Technical of activities in outer space was added to the Removal 2 Subcommittee of the United Nations’ Committee Subcommittee’s agenda, and a working group was Kessler Receives 2011 on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) formed under a multi-year work plan. At the 2011 Dirk Brouwer Award 2 since 1994. In 1999 the Subcommittee produced meeting of the Subcommittee, terms of reference Russian Launch its first major assessment on the topic, Technical for the working group were established. The Vehicle Stage Reenters Report on Space Debris (Orbital Debris Quarterly objective of the Working Group will be “to examine Over U.S. 3 News, April 1999, pp. 7, 9), followed in 2007 with the and propose measures to ensure the safe and U.S. Commercial Earth establishment of space debris mitigation guidelines sustainable use of outer space for peaceful purposes, Obs Spacecraft Executes (Orbital Debris Quarterly News, April 2007, pp. 1-2). for the benefit of all countries. The Working Group Controlled Reentry 3 During its 48th session in February 2011, the will prepare a report on the long-term sustainability Subcommittee continued its deliberations on space of outer space activities containing a consolidated New Chapter on debris with numerous special presentations, including set of current practices and operating procedures, Space Waste 3 those by the United States, France, the Russian technical standards and policies associated with the Update on LEO Federation, the European Space Agency (ESA), safe conduct of space activities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Start of the Manned Space Race by Andrew J
    The Start of the Manned Space Race by Andrew J. LePage November 1998 Introduction of Sputnik 1 and 2 in October and November of 1957 changed everything. At the same time NACA and the USAF were studying manned spaceflight (see The Beginnings of The first Sputnik launches were to affect the manned America's Man in Space Program in the October space program in several ways. The impact the 1998 issue of SpaceViews), comparable efforts were launch of Sputnik 1 had on the West led Soviet quietly taking place independently in the Soviet Primer Nikita Khrushchev to exploit space missions Union . As with virtually every other aspect of the for their propaganda value. Development of more Soviet Union's early space program, Chief Designer advanced and spectacular missions like the manned Sergei P. Korolev and his OKB-1 (Experimental satellite program were immediately approved and Design Bureau No. 1) lead the way. All during the placed on the fast track. Also at the insistence of 1950s when Korolev and his colleague, Mikhail K. Khrushchev, Sputnik 2 was launched with a dog on Tikhonravov of NII-4 (Scientific Research Institute board. While thermal control problems marred the No. 4), were pushing their original Earth satellite mission, it did demonstrate that weightlessness would proposal, it also included plans to send probes to the not be a major hazard for a human (see Sputnik 2: Moon and men into orbit. When the satellite The First Animal in Space in the November 1997 proposal was finally adopted by the Soviet issue of SpaceViews). As a result, Korolev scrapped government on January 30, 1956, the lunar probe and his initial, more conservative approach and moved manned satellite projects were also given the green ahead with a much more aggressive plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian and Chinese Responses to U.S. Military Plans in Space
    Russian and Chinese Responses to U.S. Military Plans in Space Pavel Podvig and Hui Zhang © 2008 by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences All rights reserved. ISBN: 0-87724-068-X The views expressed in this volume are those held by each contributor and are not necessarily those of the Officers and Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Please direct inquiries to: American Academy of Arts and Sciences 136 Irving Street Cambridge, MA 02138-1996 Telephone: (617) 576-5000 Fax: (617) 576-5050 Email: [email protected] Visit our website at www.amacad.org Contents v PREFACE vii ACRONYMS 1 CHAPTER 1 Russia and Military Uses of Space Pavel Podvig 31 CHAPTER 2 Chinese Perspectives on Space Weapons Hui Zhang 79 CONTRIBUTORS Preface In recent years, Russia and China have urged the negotiation of an interna - tional treaty to prevent an arms race in outer space. The United States has responded by insisting that existing treaties and rules governing the use of space are sufficient. The standoff has produced a six-year deadlock in Geneva at the United Nations Conference on Disarmament, but the parties have not been inactive. Russia and China have much to lose if the United States were to pursue the programs laid out in its planning documents. This makes prob - able the eventual formulation of responses that are adverse to a broad range of U.S. interests in space. The Chinese anti-satellite test in January 2007 was prelude to an unfolding drama in which the main act is still subject to revi - sion.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Launch Vehicles: Government Activities, Commercial Competition, and Satellite Exports
    Order Code IB93062 CRS Issue Brief for Congress Received through the CRS Web Space Launch Vehicles: Government Activities, Commercial Competition, and Satellite Exports Updated March 22, 2002 Marcia S. Smith Resources, Science, and Industry Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress CONTENTS SUMMARY MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS U.S. Launch Vehicle Policy From “Shuttle-Only” to “Mixed Fleet” Clinton Administration Policy U.S. Launch Vehicle Programs and Issues NASA’s Space Shuttle Program Future Launch Vehicle Development Programs DOD’s Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Program Government-Led Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs Private Sector RLV Development Efforts U.S. Commercial Launch Services Industry Congressional Interest Foreign Competition (Including Satellite Export Issues) Europe China Russia Ukraine India Japan LEGISLATION IB93062 03-22-02 Space Launch Vehicles: Government Activities, Commercial Competition, and Satellite Exports SUMMARY Launching satellites into orbit, once the Since 1999, projections for launch services exclusive domain of the U.S. and Soviet gov- demand have decreased dramatically, however. ernments, today is an industry in which compa- At the same time, NASA’s main RLV nies in the United States, Europe, China, Rus- program, X-33, suffered delays. NASA termi- sia, Ukraine, Japan, and India compete. In the nated the program in March 2001. Companies United States, the National Aeronautics and developing new launch vehicles are reassessing Space Administration (NASA) continues to be their plans, and NASA has initiated a new responsible for launches of its space shuttle, and “Space Launch Initiative” (SLI) to broaden the the Air Force has responsibility for launches choices from which it can choose a new RLV associated with U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • U S E R M a N U
    •Introduction 6/04/01 11:09 Page 1 SOYUZ USER’ S MANUAL ST-GTD-SUM-01 - ISSUE 3 - REVISION 0 - APRIL 2001 © Starsem 2001. All rights reserved. •Introduction 6/04/01 11:09 Page 2 •Introduction 6/04/01 11:09 Page 3 SOYUZ USER’S MANUAL ST-GTD-SUM-01 ISSUE 3, REVISION 0 APRIL 2001 FOREWORD Starsem is a Russian-European joint venture founded in 1996 that is charged with the commercialization of launch services using the Soyuz launch vehicle, the most frequently launched rocket in the world and the only manned vehicle offered for commercial space launches. Starsem headquarters are located in Paris, France and the Soyuz is launched from the Baikonour Cosmodrome in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Starsem is a partnership with 50% European and 50% Russian ownership. Its shareholders are the European Aeronautic, Defence, and Space Company, EADS (35%), Arianespace (15%), the Russian Aeronautics and Space Agency, Rosaviacosmos (25%), and the Samara Space Center, TsSKB-Progress (25%). Starsem is the sole organization entrusted to finance, market, and conduct the commercial sale of the Soyuz launch vehicle family, including future upgrades such as the Soyuz/ST. Page3 •Introduction 6/04/01 11:09 Page 4 SOYUZ USER’S MANUAL ST-GTD-SUM-01 ISSUE 3, REVISION 0 APRIL 2001 REVISION CONTROL SHEET Revision Date Revision No. Change Description 1996 Issue 1, Revision 0 New issue June 1997 Issue 2, Revision 0 Complete update April 2001 Issue 3, Revision 0 Complete update ST-GTD-SUM-01 General modifications that reflect successful flights in 1999-2000 and Starsem’s future development plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 15B. Tables of Operational Military Satellites TED MOLCZAN and JOHN PIKE*
    Appendix 15B. Tables of operational military satellites TED MOLCZAN and JOHN PIKE* Table 15B.1. US operational military satellites, as of 31 December 2002a Common Official Intl NORAD Launched Launch Perigee Apogee Incl. Period name name name design. (date) Launcher site (km) (km) (deg.) (min.) Comments Navigation satellites in medium earth orbit GPS 2-02 SVN 13/USA 38 1989-044A 20061 10 June 89 Delta 6925 CCAFS 19 594 20 787 53.4 718.0 GPS 2-04b SVN 19/USA 47 1989-085A 20302 21 Oct 89 Delta 6925 CCAFS 21 204 21 238 53.4 760.2 (Retired, not in SEM Almanac) GPS 2-05 SVN 17/USA 49 1989-097A 20361 11 Dec 89 Delta 6925 CCAFS 19 795 20 583 55.9 718.0 GPS 2-08b SVN 21/USA 63 1990-068A 20724 2 Aug 90 Delta 6925 CCAFS 19 716 20 705 56.2 718.8 (Decommissioned Jan. 2003) GPS 2-09 SVN 15/USA 64 1990-088A 20830 1 Oct 90 Delta 6925 CCAFS 19 978 20 404 55.8 718.0 GPS 2A-01 SVN 23/USA 66 1990-103A 20959 26 Nov 90 Delta 6925 CCAFS 19 764 20 637 56.4 718.4 GPS 2A-02 SVN 24/USA 71 1991-047A 21552 4 July 91 Delta 7925 CCAFS 19 927 20 450 56.0 717.9 GPS 2A-03 SVN 25/USA 79 1992-009A 21890 23 Feb 92 Delta 7925 CCAFS 19 913 20 464 53.9 717.9 GPS 2A-04b SVN 28/USA 80 1992-019A 21930 10 Apr 92 Delta 7925 CCAFS 20 088 20 284 54.5 717.8 (Decommissioned May 1997) GPS 2A-05 SVN 26/USA 83 1992-039A 22014 7 July 92 Delta 7925 CCAFS 19 822 20 558 55.9 718.0 GPS 2A-06 SVN 27/USA 84 1992-058A 22108 9 Sep 92 Delta 7925 CCAFS 19 742 20 638 54.1 718.0 GPS 2A-07 SVN 32/USA 85 1992-079A 22231 22 Nov 92 Delta 7925 CCAFS 20 042 20 339 55.7 718.0 GPS 2A-08 SVN 29/USA 87 1992-089A
    [Show full text]
  • Cronología De Lanzamientos Espaciales 1
    Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 1 Cronología de Lanzamientos Espaciales Año 2008 Copyright © 2008 by Eladio Miranda Batlle. All rights reserved. Los textos, imágenes y tablas que se encuentran en esta cronología cuentan con la autorización de sus propietarios para ser publicadas o se hace referencia a la fuente de donde se obtuvieron los mismos. Eladio Miranda Batlle [email protected] Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 2 Contenido 2008 Enero Thuraya 3 TecSAR 1 Express AM-33 Febrero Progress M-63 STS – 122 (ATLANTIS) COF (Columbus) Thor 2R Kizuna (WINDS) Marzo Jules Verne ATV-1 STS - 123 (Endeavour) JPL (JEM-ELM-PS) USA 200 AMC 14 Navstar – 2RM 6 DirecTV 11 SAR Lupe 4 Abril Soyuz TM-12 ICO G1 C/NOFS Star One C2-VINASAT 1 Tianlian 1 GIOVE-B AAUSAT 2 Amos 3 IMS 1-CanX 2- CanX 6 -Delfi-C3-Rubin 8 AIS-SEEDS 2 CartoSat 2A COMPASS 1 - CUTE-1.7 Mayo Progress M-64 TWINS 2 Galaxy 18 Cosmos 2437-2438-2439-Yubileiny Fengyun 3A STS-124 (Discovery) JPM-PM,Kibo Eladio Miranda Batlle [email protected] Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 3 Junio Zhongxing 9 Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope- GLAST Skynet 5C- Turksat 3A Orbcomm FM- 37- 38 -39- 40- 41- CDS3 Jason 2 Cosmos 2440 (US-KMO-1) Julio Bard 6-Protostar 1 Echostar 11 SAR Lupe 5 Cosmos 2441(Persona -1) Agosto Traiblazer – PreSat – Nanosail D – Celestis 07 Superbird 7 Inmarsat 4-F3 RapidEye-A-B-C-D-E Septiembre Huan Jing 1A-1B GeoEye1 Progress M-65 Nimiq 4 Galaxy 19 Glonass 724-725-726(Kosmos 2442-2443-2444 Shenzhou 7 Demosat/Falcon 1 Octubre THEOS Soyuz TMA-13 IBEX Chandrayan 1 Shi Jian 6 (SJ 6A-6B) COSMO-Skymed (3 ) VENESAT 1 (Simón Bolivar 1) Noviembre SY 3 (TS 1, 2, 3) CX-1(2) (Chuang Xin 1) Astra 1M Kosmos 2445.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Spaceflight Plans of Russia, China and India
    Presentation to the Secure World Foundation November 3, 2011 by Marcia S. Smith Space and Technology Policy Group, LLC and SpacePolicyOnline.com “Civil” Space Activities in Russia “Civil” space activities Soviet Union did not distinguish between “civil” and “military” space programs until 1985 Line between the two can be quite blurry For purposes of this presentation, “civil” means Soviet/Russian activities analogous to NASA and NOAA (though no time to discuss metsats today) Roscosmos is Russian civil space agency. Headed by Army General (Ret.) Vladimir Popovkin Recent reports of $3.5 billion budget, but probably does not include money from US and others 11-03-11 2 Key Points to Take Away Space cooperation takes place in the broad context of U.S.-Russian relations Russia may not be a superpower today, but it is a global power and strategically important to the United States Complex US-Russian relationship, as New START and INKSNA demonstrate Russian space program modest by Soviet standards, but Retains key elements Leverages legacy capabilities for current activities and commercial gain Is a global launch service provider from four launch sites from Arctic to equator Proud history of many space “firsts,” but also tragedies and setbacks U.S.-Soviet/Russian civil space relationship has transitioned from primarily competition to primarily cooperation/interdependence today Cooperation not new, dates back to 1963, but much more intensive today U.S. is dependent on Russia for some things, but they also need us Bold dreams endure as Mars 500 demonstrates 11-03-11 3 Today is 54th Anniversary of First Female in Space 11-03-11 4 Just One of Many “Firsts” First satellite (Sputnik, Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • WORLD SPACECRAFT DIGEST by Jos Heyman 2013 Version: 1 January 2014 © Copyright Jos Heyman
    WORLD SPACECRAFT DIGEST by Jos Heyman 2013 Version: 1 January 2014 © Copyright Jos Heyman The spacecraft are listed, in the first instance, in the order of their International Designation, resulting in, with some exceptions, a date order. Spacecraft which did not receive an International Designation, being those spacecraft which failed to achieve orbit or those which were placed in a sub orbital trajectory, have been inserted in the date order. For each spacecraft the following information is provided: a. International Designation and NORAD number For each spacecraft the International Designation, as allocated by the International Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), has been used as the primary means to identify the spacecraft. This is followed by the NORAD catalogue number which has been assigned to each object in space, including debris etc., in a numerical sequence, rather than a chronoligical sequence. Normally no reference has been made to spent launch vehicles, capsules ejected by the spacecraft or fragments except where such have a unique identification which warrants consideration as a separate spacecraft or in other circumstances which warrants their mention. b. Name The most common name of the spacecraft has been quoted. In some cases, such as for US military spacecraft, the name may have been deduced from published information and may not necessarily be the official name. Alternative names have, however, been mentioned in the description and have also been included in the index. c. Country/International Agency For each spacecraft the name of the country or international agency which owned or had prime responsibility for the spacecraft, or in which the owner resided, has been included.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Military Space Program
    Yesterday, today and tomorrow By Anatoly Zak Nov. 3, 2011 Origin of the Soviet military space program Key dates • 1954: Official start of ICBM development • 1955: Foundation of the Tyuratam test range • 1957: Beginning of ICBM tests Pecuilarities No really separate civilian space program or a civilian space agency in existence All activities led by Ministry of Defense Original ICBM 1955: Tyuratam test range foundation Origin of Sputnik • A “civilian” Sputnik project originated as a small extension of the ICBM development program • Minor modifications of R-7 ICBM were required to launch the satellite • All Sputnik launch and tracking activities were conducted by the military • While Sputnik captured world’s imagination, its vehicle remains in the shadows for a decade due to its military nature Origins of manned spaceflight • A manned spacecraft shares all key design features with a proposed reconnaissance satellite. • Military roles are sought for manned spaceflight to ensure military funding and support • Crew training managed by the Air Force Zenit and Vostok Growth of military space program • 1960: To manage space activities, the 3rd Directorate within the Chief Directorate of the Rocket Armaments was organized within Ministry of Defense • 1964: Central Directorate of Space Assets, TsUKOS • 1970: Chief Directorate of Space Assets, GUKOS • 1985-1986: GUKOS separated from RVSN and subordinated directly to the Minister of Defense, creating Chief Directorate of Space Assets, UNKS. A unified Space Command was organized to launch and track
    [Show full text]
  • List of Russian Space Launch Vehicle Failures Since Dec. 2010
    Fact Sheet Updated March 25, 2019 LIST OF RUSSIAN SPACE LAUNCH FAILURES SINCE DEC. 2010 Russia’s once reliable fleet of space launch vehicles began a string of failures beginning in December 2010 that has created significant consternation in Russia’s space program and brought about firings and reorganizations, but the failures continue. Following is a list, with links to SpacePolicyOnline.com articles where available. • December 2010, Proton-Block DM, upper stage failure, three Russian GLONASS navigation satellites lost • February 2011, GEO-IK2, Rokot-Briz, upper stage failure, Russian geodetic satellite stranded in transfer orbit • August 2011, Ekspress AM-4, Proton-Briz, upper stage failure, Russian communications satellite stranded in transfer orbit • August 2011, Progress M-12M (called Progress 44 by NASA), Soyuz U-Fregat, third stage failure due to clogged fuel line, Russian cargo spacecraft for International Space Station lost • November 2011, Phobos-Grunt, Zenit-Fregat, upper stage failure, Russian Mars-bound spacecraft stranded in Earth orbit • December 2011, Soyuz 2.1a, third stage failure, Russian Meridian military communication satellite lost • August 2012, Proton-Briz, upper stage failure, Russian Ekspress-MD2 and Indonesian Telkom-3 communications satellites stranded in transfer orbit • December 2012, Proton-Briz, upper stage failure, Russian Yamal 402 communications satellite delivered to wrong orbit. • January 2013, Rokot-Briz KM, upper stage failure. Three Russian Strela military communications satellites incorrectly placed
    [Show full text]
  • Space Security 2004 V2
    Space Security 2004 Space “I know of no similar yearly baseline of what is happening in space. The Index is a valuable tool for informing much-needed global discussions of how best to achieve space security.” Professor John M. Logsdon Director, Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affair, George Washington University “Space Security 2004 is a salutary reminder of how dependent the world has become on space- based systems for both commercial and military use. The overcrowding of both orbits and frequencies needs international co-operation, but the book highlights some worrying security trends. We cannot leave control of space to any one nation, and international policy makers need to read this excellent survey to understand the dangers.” Air Marshal Lord Garden UK Liberal Democrat Defence Spokesman & Former UK Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff Space Security “Satellites are critical for national security. Space Security 2004 is a comprehensive analysis of the activities of space powers and how they are perceived to affect the security of these important assets and their environment. While all may not agree with these perceptions it is 2004 essential that space professionals and political leaders understand them. This is an important contribution towards that goal.” Brigadier General Simon P. Worden, United States Air Force (Ret.) Research Professor of Astronomy, Planetary Sciences and Optical Sciences, University of Arizona “In a single source, this publication provides a comprehensive view of the latest developments in space, and the trends that are influencing space security policies. As an annual exercise, the review is likely to play a key role in the emerging and increasingly important debate on space security.
    [Show full text]