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Cronología De Lanzamientos Espaciales 1 Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 1 Cronología de Lanzamientos Espaciales Año 2008 Copyright © 2008 by Eladio Miranda Batlle. All rights reserved. Los textos, imágenes y tablas que se encuentran en esta cronología cuentan con la autorización de sus propietarios para ser publicadas o se hace referencia a la fuente de donde se obtuvieron los mismos. Eladio Miranda Batlle [email protected] Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 2 Contenido 2008 Enero Thuraya 3 TecSAR 1 Express AM-33 Febrero Progress M-63 STS – 122 (ATLANTIS) COF (Columbus) Thor 2R Kizuna (WINDS) Marzo Jules Verne ATV-1 STS - 123 (Endeavour) JPL (JEM-ELM-PS) USA 200 AMC 14 Navstar – 2RM 6 DirecTV 11 SAR Lupe 4 Abril Soyuz TM-12 ICO G1 C/NOFS Star One C2-VINASAT 1 Tianlian 1 GIOVE-B AAUSAT 2 Amos 3 IMS 1-CanX 2- CanX 6 -Delfi-C3-Rubin 8 AIS-SEEDS 2 CartoSat 2A COMPASS 1 - CUTE-1.7 Mayo Progress M-64 TWINS 2 Galaxy 18 Cosmos 2437-2438-2439-Yubileiny Fengyun 3A STS-124 (Discovery) JPM-PM,Kibo Eladio Miranda Batlle [email protected] Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 3 Junio Zhongxing 9 Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope- GLAST Skynet 5C- Turksat 3A Orbcomm FM- 37- 38 -39- 40- 41- CDS3 Jason 2 Cosmos 2440 (US-KMO-1) Julio Bard 6-Protostar 1 Echostar 11 SAR Lupe 5 Cosmos 2441(Persona -1) Agosto Traiblazer – PreSat – Nanosail D – Celestis 07 Superbird 7 Inmarsat 4-F3 RapidEye-A-B-C-D-E Septiembre Huan Jing 1A-1B GeoEye1 Progress M-65 Nimiq 4 Galaxy 19 Glonass 724-725-726(Kosmos 2442-2443-2444 Shenzhou 7 Demosat/Falcon 1 Octubre THEOS Soyuz TMA-13 IBEX Chandrayan 1 Shi Jian 6 (SJ 6A-6B) COSMO-Skymed (3 ) VENESAT 1 (Simón Bolivar 1) Noviembre SY 3 (TS 1, 2, 3) CX-1(2) (Chuang Xin 1) Astra 1M Kosmos 2445. Yantar -4k2m (Kobalt-M STS -126 (Endeavour) MPLM 1-05-PSSC Tesbed 1 Progress M-1M Eladio Miranda Batlle [email protected] Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 4 Diciembre Yoagan 4(JB-6 2) US-K (73D6) No.85. Kosmos 2446 Ciel 2 Yaogan 5 (JB-7) Hot Bird 9 Eutelsat W2M FY 2E Uragan-M 18-19-20 (GLONASS-M, 14F113) kosmos 2447-2448-2449 Eladio Miranda Batlle [email protected] Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 2 Enero 2008 Thuraya 3 Thuraya 3 is a United Arab Emirates (UAE) geostationary communications satellite that was launched by a Zenit 3SL rocket from Odyssey, a floating platform on the equatorial Pacific at 154° W longitude, at 11:49 UT on 15 January 2008. It will enable Foto: TecSAR communications from mobile phones in many countries in eastern Asia, Middle Fecha: 21.01.2008 East, and Australia. The parking longitude Hora: 03:45 UTC is intended to be a 98.5 degrees East Sitio: Sriharikota, India longitude. (5) Express AM-33 Express AM-33 is a Russian geostationary communications craft that was launched by a Proton-M rocket from Baikonur on 28 January 2008. It will provide TV and internet services throughout Russia. The parking longitude is not listed in any of the Russian or other web sites. Foto: Thuraya 3 Fecha: 28.01.2008 Hora: 00:00:00 UTC Fecha: 15.01.2008 Sitio: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), Hora: 11:49 UTC Kazakhstan Sitio: Odyssey (Sea Launch Platform), (5) (5) Febrero 2008 TecSAR Progress M-63 TecSAR, also known as Polaris, is an Israeli military reconnaissance spacecraft Progress-M 63 is a Russian automatic that was launched from Sriharikota in cargo craft that was launched by a Soyuz south-eastern India by a PSLV-C10 rocket rocket at 13:02 UT on 05 February 2008. It at 03:45 UT on 21 January 2008. The 300 transported to the ISS station 2.5 tonnes of kg craft is reported to carry a Synthetic food, fuel and other cargo, after docking Aperture Radar (SAR) that enables one- with the Pirs module of the ISS at 14:38 UT meter resolution images. on 07 February. In anticipation, the Eladio Miranda Batlle [email protected] Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 3 previous Progress-M 62 was evacuated from the port on 04 February, to let it orbit for a few days before entering the atmosphere on 15 February. Tripulación Tripulación Foto: Progress M-63 • Stephen Frick (2) - Comandante • Alan G. Poindexter (1) - Piloto Fecha: 05.01.2008 • Leland D. Melvin (1) - Especialista Hora: 13:02 UTC de la Misión 1 Sitio: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), • Rex J. Walheim (2) - Especialista Kazakhstan de la Misión 2 (5) • Hans Schlegel (2) - Especialista de la Misión 3 - ESA STS – 122 (ATLANTIS) • Stanley G. Love (1) - Especialista de la Misión 4 STS-122 fue una misión del transbordador espacial Atlantis de la Fecha: 07.02.2008 Hora: GMT NASA, dando continuación a la Sitio: 39-A C Cañaveral construcción de la Estación Espacial Internacional. Fue la Thor 2R 24ª misión para la ISS, y la 121ª de un Transbordador espacial desde el lanzamiento del STS-1. La fecha inicial de la misión del STS-122 era el día 6 de diciembre de 2007, pero un fallo en la lectura del sensor (ECO), responsable de informar de si el tanque de combustible está lleno, provocó el aplazamiento para el día 9 de diciembre de Foto: Thor 2R 2007. Durante los preparativos para el lanzamiento, fallaron los sensores de Thor 2R, also known as Thor 5, is a nuevo, lo que ocasionó un nuevo Norwegian geostationary communications aplazamiento hasta el día 3 de enero de craft that was launched by a Proton-M 2008, y posteriormente, para el día 10 de rocket from Baikonur at 11:34 UT on 11 enero, siendo finalmente lanzado el 7 de February 2008. The 1.9 tonne (with fuel) febrero de 2008. El retorno a la tierra se craft carries 25 Ku-band transponders, produjo el 20 de febrero de 2008. feeding fixed and steerable beams to provide direct-to-home television and internet links to Scandinavia, eastern Eladio Miranda Batlle [email protected] Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 4 Europe, and Middle-East countries after proyectos que incluían la construcción de parking over 0.8° W longitude. It will replace estaciones espaciales y naves tripuladas. Thor 2 which is reaching its end of life. Como resultado de estos ambiciosos planes surgieron los programas Columbus, Hermes y Ariane 5. A principios de la década Fecha: 11.02.2008 de los 90 se planteó la posibilidad de lanzar Hora: 11:34 UTC algún tipo de nave de carga automática Sitio: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), usando el cohete Ariane 5, primero Kazakhstan denominada ARIES y luego ATV (Ariane (5) Transfer Vehicle), aunque eran muchos los que veían en un vehículo de estas características una competencia interna al Kizuna (WINDS) minitransbordador Hermes. Kizuna, also known by its pre-launch name of WINDS (Wideband InterNetworking engineering Demonstration Satellite) is a Japanese (JAXA) geostationary, technology demonstration craft that was launched by a H-2A rocket from Tanegashima island at 08:55 UT on 23 February 2008. The 4,850 kg (2,450 kg dry) craft is reported to carry an ultra-fast, 1.2 Gbps direct-to-home downlink in Ka-band, via two multi-beam antennas, one for Japan and the other covering several southeast Asian cities. It also carries an Active Phased Array Antenna (APAA) which can change the beam direction rapidly. El ATV comparado con el Apolo y la Progress (ESA). Pocos años después, Rusia se incorporaba al programa de la estación espacial. Desde un principio quedó clara la dependencia de la ISS hacia las naves rusas Soyuz y Progress. Las Soyuz servirían como vehículos de emergencia (el transbordador espacial sólo puede permanecer unos días acoplado a la estación) y las Progress complementarían al shuttle a la hora de llevar víveres, aunque su papel más importante sería el de transportar Foto:WINDS combustible hasta la ISS. Tras el accidente del Challenger, las estrictas normas de Fecha: 23.02.2008 seguridad de la NASA impedían el Hora: 08:55 UTC transporte de combustible en el Sitio: Tanegashima, Japan transbordador. Puesto que la órbita de la ISS debe ser elevada de forma regular para compensar el pequeño pero constante Marzo 2004 frenado atmosférico, las Progress se revelaban elementos cruciales para Jules Verne ATV-1 mantener la estación operativa. En los años 80, una ESA animada por los éxitos del cohete Ariane y el laboratorio Spacelab se embarcó en una serie de Eladio Miranda Batlle [email protected] Cronología de lanzamientos espaciales 5 lanzamiento de las naves. Puesto que hasta ahora se han encargado cinco vehículos hasta el año 2013, el precio por unidad se aproxima a los 400 millones de euros, casi el doble de lo inicialmente previsto. El ATV es un proyecto multinacional en el que han colaborado más de 10 países europeos (incluida España), además de Rusia y los EE UU. Al tratarse de un vehículo de carga con una misión similar a las Progress rusas, desde el principio quedó claro que sería más Diseño definitivo del ATV (ESA). sencillo diseñarlo para que se pudiera acoplar al sector ruso de la estación. De Desde un principio la NASA intentó evitar esta forma se podía usar toda la esta incómoda dependencia. Por un lado experiencia rusa en el manejo de las comenzó a desarrollar el X-38 para sustituir Progress, facilitando y abaratando los a las Soyuz como vehículo de emergencia. costes de construcción del vehículo. Por otro, intentó embarcar a la ESA en el Además, los módulos rusos son los únicos diseño de un carguero automático que que tienen motores incorporados para minimizase la importancia de las Progress.
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