DOCSLIB.ORG

Archaeometric Study of Roman Pottery from Caudium Area (Southern Italy)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Archaeometric Study of Roman Pottery from Caudium Area (Southern Italy) De Bonis_periodico 06/09/10 10.51 Pagina 73 Period. Mineral. (2010), 79, 2, 73-89 doi: 10.2451/2010PM0011 http://go.to/permin An International Journal of PerIodICo di MInerAlogIA MINERALOGY, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY, established in 1930 ORE DEPOSITS, PETROLOGY, VOLCANOLOGY and applied topics on Environment , Archeometry and Cultural Heritage Archaeometric study of roman pottery from Caudium area (Southern Italy) Alberto De bonis 1 *, C elestino GrifA 2, A lessio lAnGellA 2, M AriAno MerCurio 2, M AriA luisA Perrone 3 and VinCenzo MorrA 1 1 Dipartimento di scienze della terra, università degli studi federico ii, Via Mezzocannone, 8, 80134 napoli, italy. 2 Dipartimento di studi Geologici ed Ambientali, università degli studi del sannio, Via dei Mulini, 59/A, 82100 benevento, italy. 3 Via r. Morghen, 61/C, 80129, napoli, italy. Submitted, April 2010 - Accepted, July 2010 AbstrACt - Aim of this work is the minero- quartzarenite clasts. Multivariate statistical analysis petrographical characterization of late antique painted (Hierarchical Clustering and Principal Component common wares from the ancient roman settlement of Analysis) confirms the already identified groups. Caudium (today Montesarchio, Campania region, Mineralogical analyses and scanning electron italy). microscope observations of the sintering degree of twenty-two samples (4 th to 6 th century AD) clayey paste enabled to evaluate the firing collected during the archaeological survey of the area, temperatures of the most representative samples (from were studied to investigate their manufacturing 800 to 1200°C). technology and to attest a possible local production. the whole data set, along with geological features Ceramics shards are represented by 16 painted of the investigated area (wide availability of raw common ware samples; furthermore, 2 bricks, 2 kiln materials) and archaeological evidences (kiln refuses, rejects and 2 fragments of cooking ware were large number of fragments of the same ceramic class), investigated for comparison. allowed to hypothesize a local production of the Polarized light microscopy (PlM) observations and painted common wares and thus to define the X-ray fluorescence chemical analyses (Xrf) allowed respective reference group. to characterize the Caudium pottery production. two main groups of fragments were distinguished: the first riAssunto - lo scopo di questo lavoro è la one composed by painted common wares, bricks and caratterizzazione minero-petrografica di frammenti di kiln rejects, the other one by cooking ware only. two ceramica comune dipinta d’età tardo antica textural typologies were recorded within the first provenienti dall’antico insediamento romano di group (composed by calcareous clay pastes: average Caudium (attuale Montesarchio, Campania, italia). Cao ~ 11.0%), one characterized by fine pastes Ventidue campioni (datati dal iV al Vi secolo d.C.), containing tiny clasts of quartz, feldspars and few ritrovati durante la ricognizione archeologica della volcanic inclusions, the other by coarser pastes with zona, sono stati analizzati per ricostruire le tecnologie predominant volcanic temper. Cooking wares produttive e definire una possibile produzione locale. (composed by non-calcareous clay: average Cao ~ i reperti ceramici sono rappresentati da 16 frammenti 1.6%) show a large amount of temper of both volcanic di ceramica comune dipinta; inoltre sono stati and detrital origin, the latter mainly constituted by investigati per confronto 2 laterizi, 2 scarti di fornace * Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] De Bonis_periodico 06/09/10 10.51 Pagina 74 74 A. D e bonis , C. G rifA , A. l AnGellA , M. M erCurio , M.l. P errone and V. M orrA e 2 frammenti di ceramica da cucina. Al fine di tyrrhenian area thanks to its favorable position caratterizzare i vari reperti sono state eseguite along the Via Appia , the ancient roman road osservazioni in microscopia ottica a luce polarizzata connecting rome and Brundisium (salmon, e analisi chimiche in fluorescenza per raggi X. in 1985). t he occurrence of large clay outcrops and questo modo è stato possibile individuare due many kiln refuses in the same area, as well as a raggruppamenti principali: il primo composto dalla ceramica comune dipinta, dai laterizi e dagli scarti di ceramic tradition so far preserved strongly fornace, l’altro esclusivamente dalla ceramica da suggest a local production of painted common cucina. fra i campioni del primo gruppo (composti da ware. argilla calcarea: media Cao~11,0%) è possibile the studied ceramic samples, the first distinguere due tipologie tessiturali, una caratterizzata investigated in the Caudium area , were all dated da impasti fini contenenti piccoli clasti di quarzo, by comparison with some known shapes in late feldspati e poche inclusioni vulcaniche, l’altra da antique (4 th to 6 th century AD; Perrone, 2005). impasti grossolani costituiti prevalentemente da the aim of this study is the archaeometrical degrassante vulcanico. characterization of a set of painted common ware i frammenti di ceramica da cucina (composti da impasti non-calcarei: media Cao~1,6%) sono fragments, in order to attest a local crafting of costituiti da abbondante degrassante, sia vulcanico che this typical ceramic production widespread in sedimentario, quest’ultimo formato prevalentemente southern italy during late roman period. the da clasti quarzarenitici. l’analisi statistica multivariata archaeometrical data on this set of fragments ha confermato i raggruppamenti già individuati. were compared with a couple of kiln refuses tramite l’analisi mineralogica diffrattometrica su attributed to the same painted common ware. polveri e l’osservazione in microscopia elettronica del Moreover two bricks and two cooking ware grado di sinterizzazione degli impasti sono state samples were also analyzed in order to verify valutate anche le temperature di cottura di alcuni differences or similarities of the technological campioni rappresentativi (comprese fra 800 e 1200°C). Questi risultati, insieme con le caratteristiche features among local ceramic productions. geologiche (ampia disponibilità di materie prime) e All the specimens come from three of the 151 archeologiche (presenza di scarti di fornace, gran sites forming the Caudium archaeological area numero di frammenti della stessa classe di ceramica) (sites 111, 118, 121), discovered during an della zona in esame, hanno permesso di identificare archaeological reconnaissance survey. this una produzione locale limitata alla ceramica comune preliminary survey represents a very important dipinta e di definirne il relativo gruppo di riferimento. step of an archaeological investigation necessary to reconstruct the ancient settlements Key worDs : Caudium; reference group; painted arrangement , and to estimate a site frequentation common ware; Avellino Pumice; Ariano Unit. on the basis of the surface distribution of the findings, especially ceramics shards . introDuCtion the archaeological area of Caudium is sited in GeoloGiCAl bACKGrounD a valley ( Valle Caudina ) located in the middle of the southern Apennine chain of Campania region the Valle Caudina (fig. 1) is a tectonic (italy). Caudium (today Montesarchio) can be depression delimited by the Mesozoic carbonate considered the ancient capital of the Caudini , a massifs of the taburno-Camposauro northwards, samnite tribe that peopled the area before the s. Agata de’ Goti mountains westwards and roman conquest in the third century b.C. in the Avella-Partenio chain southwards, the east side roman period the city kept good trade is characterized by the smoother morphologies exchanges especially with naples and the of Miocene formations characterized by De Bonis_periodico 06/09/10 10.51 Pagina 75 Archaeometric study of roman pottery from Caudium area (Southern Italy) 75 fig. 1 - sketch map (1:250000) showing the main lithologies of the Valle Caudina area (modified after “Carta Geologica dell’Appennino Meridionale”. bonardi et al., 1988). silicoclastic sedimentary successions. Fortore Unit formation (Chiocchini, 2001), the field geology relieved some of the most which outcrop principally on the Avella-Partenio representative southern Apennine tectono - slopes, not far from the southern side of the Valle stratigraphic units including the Lagonegro Unit , Caudina . outcropping in the northwestern area of in the Quaternary age the valley was covered Montesarchio with the Flysch Rosso formation, by slope deposits, alluvial fans, fluvial-lacustrine a late Cretaceous to oligocene red marls and sediments and volcanic products coming from shales with interbedded coarse detrital limestone tyrrhenian margin eruptive vents: Campanian (Pescatore et al. , 1999). ignimbrite (39 ka bP; De Vivo et al. , 2001; in unconformity with the Lagonegro Unit , the fedele et al. , 2008) from Phlegraean fields and Altavilla Unit (Messinian to Pliocene) crops out. Avellino Pumice of somma-Vesuvius (4.3 ka Deposited in a piggy-back basin along the active bP; santacroce et al. , 2008). furthermore, the border of the Apennine chain (ori and friend, presence of other products of the somma- 1984), this unit is formed by sandstones with Vesuvius activity cannot be excluded (e.g., AD silty clay layers; messinian evaporites are also 472 eruption). present in the lower portion. the succession continues with the Ariano Unit MAteriAls AnD MetHoDs (early to Middle Pliocene) represented by gray- blue, well stratified marly and sandy clays. this unit the 22 investigated shards ( tAble 1/A, 1/b), was
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dottorato in Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche E Storico-Artistiche
    DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE STORICHE, ARCHEOLOGICHE E STORICO-ARTISTICHE Coordinatore prof. Francesco Caglioti XXX ciclo Dottorando: Luigi Oscurato Tutor: prof. Alessandro Naso Tesi di dottorato: Il repertorio formale del bucchero etrusco nella Campania settentrionale (VII – V secolo a.C.) 2018 Il repertorio formale del bucchero etrusco nella Campania settentrionale (VII – V secolo a.C.) Sommario Introduzione ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Storia degli studi sul bucchero rinvenuto in Campania ...................................................................... 8 1. I siti e i contesti ............................................................................................................................ 16 1.1 Capua .................................................................................................................................... 18 1.2 Calatia ................................................................................................................................... 28 1.3 Cales ...................................................................................................................................... 31 1.4 Cuma ..................................................................................................................................... 38 1.5 Il kolpos kymaios ................................................................................................................... 49 2. Catalogo
    [Show full text]
  • Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N
    Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N. Purcell, 1997 Introduction The landscape of central Italy has not been intrinsically stable. The steep slopes of the mountains have been deforested–several times in many cases–with consequent erosion; frane or avalanches remove large tracts of regolith, and doubly obliterate the archaeological record. In the valley-bottoms active streams have deposited and eroded successive layers of fill, sealing and destroying the evidence of settlement in many relatively favored niches. The more extensive lowlands have also seen substantial depositions of alluvial and colluvial material; the coasts have been exposed to erosion, aggradation and occasional tectonic deformation, or–spectacularly in the Bay of Naples– alternating collapse and re-elevation (“bradyseism”) at a staggeringly rapid pace. Earthquakes everywhere have accelerated the rate of change; vulcanicity in Campania has several times transformed substantial tracts of landscape beyond recognition–and reconstruction (thus no attempt is made here to re-create the contours of any of the sometimes very different forerunners of today’s Mt. Vesuvius). To this instability must be added the effect of intensive and continuous intervention by humanity. Episodes of depopulation in the Italian peninsula have arguably been neither prolonged nor pronounced within the timespan of the map and beyond. Even so, over the centuries the settlement pattern has been more than usually mutable, which has tended to obscure or damage the archaeological record. More archaeological evidence has emerged as modern urbanization spreads; but even more has been destroyed. What is available to the historical cartographer varies in quality from area to area in surprising ways.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ancient People of Italy Before the Rise of Rome, Italy Was a Patchwork
    The Ancient People of Italy Before the rise of Rome, Italy was a patchwork of different cultures. Eventually they were all subsumed into Roman culture, but the cultural uniformity of Roman Italy erased what had once been a vast array of different peoples, cultures, languages, and civilizations. All these cultures existed before the Roman conquest of the Italian Peninsula, and unfortunately we know little about any of them before they caught the attention of Greek and Roman historians. Aside from a few inscriptions, most of what we know about the native people of Italy comes from Greek and Roman sources. Still, this information, combined with archaeological and linguistic information, gives us some idea about the peoples that once populated the Italian Peninsula. Italy was not isolated from the outside world, and neighboring people had much impact on its population. There were several foreign invasions of Italy during the period leading up to the Roman conquest that had important effects on the people of Italy. First there was the invasion of Alexander I of Epirus in 334 BC, which was followed by that of Pyrrhus of Epirus in 280 BC. Hannibal of Carthage invaded Italy during the Second Punic War (218–203 BC) with the express purpose of convincing Rome’s allies to abandon her. After the war, Rome rearranged its relations with many of the native people of Italy, much influenced by which peoples had remained loyal and which had supported their Carthaginian enemies. The sides different peoples took in these wars had major impacts on their destinies. In 91 BC, many of the peoples of Italy rebelled against Rome in the Social War.
    [Show full text]
  • V2017-Sinuessa.Pdf
    SINUESSA, UN APPRODO SOMMERSO DI EPOCA ROMANA Archeologia, geomorfologia costiera, strategie sostenibili di valorizzazione Monografia a cura di Micla Pennetta e Alfredo Trocciola 2017 ENEA Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile ISBN: 978-88-8286-340-1 Revisione editoriale: Giuliano Ghisu Copertina: Flavio Miglietta Foto in copertina: immagine del fondo marino, acquisita con indagini side-scan sonar, che mostra le “Pilae di Sinuessa” collocate in una vasta depressione di un banco tufaceo caratterizzato da una morfologia articolata SINUESSA, UN APPRODO SOMMERSO DI EPOCA ROMANA Archeologia, geomorfologia costiera, strategie sostenibili di valorizzazione A cura di Micla Pennetta e Alfredo Trocciola La monografia raccoglie i contribuiti di studi e ricerche condotti negli ultimi anni nell’area archeologica marina di Sinuessa nel golfo di Gaeta in Campania. Alla realizzazione del volume hanno contribuito diversi autori, specialisti in differenti discipline quali la geo- morfologia costiera, archeologia e beni culturali con la finalità di suggerire agli amministratori e stakeholder del litorale domitio strategie sostenibili per la valorizzazione dell’approdo sommerso di epoca romana. Presentazione di: Claudio Zucchelli Contributi di: Paolo Caputo, Sergio Cascella, Vera Corbelli, Veronica D’Ambrosio, Alberto De Bonis, Tiziana Di Luccio, Carlo Donadio, Carmine Minopoli, Angela Mormone, Vincenzo Morra, Raffaella Nappi, Micla Pennetta, Raffaele Pica, Monica Piochi, Maria Grazia Ruggi d’Aragona, Rosario
    [Show full text]
  • Sommario Sommario
    S. MARTINO VALLE CAUDINA - P.R.G. - 2001 SOMMARIO SOMMARIO ...................................................................................................... 1 A.0.0. – PREMESSA .......................................................................................... 4 A.1.0. - SVILUPPO CRONOLOGICO DELL’INCARICO ................................... 6 A.2.0. – ANTECEDENTI URBANISTICI ............................................................ 6 B.0.0. - ANALISI TERRITORIALE ................................................................. 7 B.1.0. - DATI DI CARATTERE GENERALE ...................................................... 7 B.1.1 - Distanze ......................................................................................................... 7 B.1.2 - Reti di Comunicazione .................................................................................. 7 B.1.3 - Azienda Sanitaria Locale ............................................................................. 7 B.1.4 - Servizi a Livello Comunale ........................................................................... 7 B.1.5- Strutture Tecnico-Amministrative ................................................................. 8 B.1.6 Servizi a Livello Territoriale .......................................................................... 8 B.2.0. – CENNI STORICI..................................................................................... 9 B.3.0. – BENI ARCHITETTONICI .................................................................... 10 B.4.0. – TRASFORMAZIONI
    [Show full text]
  • © in This Web Service Cambridge University
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01318-6 - Peasants, Citizens and Soldiers: Studies in the Demographic History of Roman Italy 225 BC–AD 100 Luuk De Ligt Index More information Index Abella, 310 Allifae, 310 Abellinum (Campania), 310 Alsium, 320 Abellinum Marsicum, 329 Altinum, 265, 289 Acelum, 298 Ameria, 315 Acerrae, 311 Amiternum, 323 Aceruntia, 334 Amitinum, 320 Acherusia, 334 Anagnia, 306 Aecae, 329 Ancona, 312 Aeclanum, 329 Angera, 265 Aegetium, 329 Angitia, 325 Aemilia, 264; viritane settlers, 81, 131; population Angulum, 324 in 28 bc, 195, 224 Anxa, 325 Aesernia, 324 Anxa (Callipolis), 330 aes equestre, 84 Anxanum, 325 aes hordiarium, 84 Antinum, 324 Aesis, 316 Antium, 260, 304 Affilae, 306 Antonine Plague, 2, 13 age at first marriage, 3, 144–9, 159, 166 Apama, 330 age groups, in Roman armies, 55–6, 83, 145, 166;in Appian, on background to Gracchan crisis, 158–9, Greek armies, 56–7; see also iuniores, seniores 164, 167–9, 178, 181, 192 Ager Brundisinus, 266 Aprusta, 334 Ager Caeretanus, 271 Apulia, confiscations after 201 bc, 131; viritane Ager Cosanus, 259, 267, 281; see also Albegna settlers, 81; decline of pre-Roman towns, 229, Valley Survey 262; evidence of population decline, 262–3; ager publicus, 158–9, 185–7 realignment of settlement system, 262; shape of Ager Tiburtinus, 272 urban network, 235–6; see also Brundisium agro-towns, 230, 266 Apulians, 68; anomalous ratio between horse Alba Fucens, 323 and foot in Polybius, 42, 67; manpower Alba Longa, 306 resources, 70 Alba Pompeia, 293 Aquae Statiellae, 293 Albegna Valley Survey,
    [Show full text]
  • Italo-Hellenistic Sanctuaries of Pentrian Samnium: Questions of Accessibility
    doi: 10.2143/AWE.13.0.3038731 AWE 13 (2014) 63-79 ITALO-HELLENISTIC SANCTUARIES OF PENTRIAN SAMNIUM: QUESTIONS OF ACCESSIBILITY RACHEL VAN DUSEN Abstract This article addresses the region of Pentrian Samnium, located in the Central Apennines of Italy. The traditional view regarding ancient Samnium presents the region as a backwater which was economically marginalised and isolated. This article examines Pentrian religious architecture from the 3rd to the 1st century BC in order to present an alternative reading of the evidence towards a more favourable view of the region with respect to its socio- economic conditions and openness to ideas and developments in Italy. The early 3rd century BC marks a time of great transformation in Italy. Roman imperialism was sweeping through the entire peninsula, large stretches of territory were being seized and Roman power was being solidified via colonies, military camps and unbalanced alliances in many of the regions in both the hinterland and along the coast. Yet, in the midst of these changes one region of Italy remained almost completely intact and autonomous – Pentrian Samnium.1 However, one look at the political map of Italy during this period suggests that while on the inside Pentrian territory, located high in the Central Apennines, remained virtually untouched by Roman encroachment, on the outside it had become entirely surrounded by Roman colonies and polities unquestionably loyal to Rome. Pentrian Samnium was the largest and most long-lived of all the Samnite regions. From the early 3rd century BC onwards, it can be argued that the Pentri made up the only Samnite tribe to have remained truly ‘Samnite’ in its culture and identity.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ROMAN ARMY's EMERGENCE from ITS ITALIAN ORIGINS Patrick Alan Kent a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Universit
    THE ROMAN ARMY’S EMERGENCE FROM ITS ITALIAN ORIGINS Patrick Alan Kent A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2012 Approved by: Richard Talbert Nathan Rosenstein Daniel Gargola Fred Naiden Wayne Lee ABSTRACT PATRICK ALAN KENT: The Roman Army’s Emergence from its Italian Origins (Under the direction of Prof. Richard Talbert) Roman armies in the 4 th century and earlier resembled other Italian armies of the day. By using what limited sources are available concerning early Italian warfare, it is possible to reinterpret the history of the Republic through the changing relationship of the Romans and their Italian allies. An important aspect of early Italian warfare was military cooperation, facilitated by overlapping bonds of formal and informal relationships between communities and individuals. However, there was little in the way of organized allied contingents. Over the 3 rd century and culminating in the Second Punic War, the Romans organized their Italian allies into large conglomerate units that were placed under Roman officers. At the same time, the Romans generally took more direct control of the military resources of their allies as idea of military obligation developed. The integration and subordination of the Italians under increasing Roman domination fundamentally altered their relationships. In the 2 nd century the result was a growing feeling of discontent among the Italians with their position. Indeed, the vital military role of the Italians was reinforced by the somewhat limited use made of non-Italians in Roman armies.
    [Show full text]
  • Campania/Rv Schoder. Sj
    CAMPANIA/R.V. SCHODER. S. J. RAYMOND V. SCHODER, S.J. (1916-1987) Classical Studies Department SLIDE COLLECTION OF CAMPANIA Prepared by: Laszlo Sulyok Ace. No. 89-15 Computer Name: CAMPANIA.SCH 1 Metal Box Location: Room 209/ The following slides of Campanian Art are from the collection of Raymond V. Schader, S.J. They are arranged alpha-numerically in the order in which they were received at the archives. The notes in the inventory were copied verbatim from Schader's own citations on the slides. CAUTION: This collection may include commercially produced slides which may only be reproduced with the owner's permission. I. PHELGRAEA, Nisis, Misenum, Procida (bk), Baiae bay, fr. Pausilp 2. A VERNUS: gen., w. Baiae thru gap 3. A VERNUS: gen., w. Misenum byd. 4. A VERN US: crater 5. A VERN US: crater 6. A VERNUS: crater in!. 7. AVERNUS: E edge, w. Baths, Mt. Nuovo 1538 8. A VERNUS: Tunnel twd. Lucrinus: middle 9. A VERNUS: Tunnel twd. Lucrinus: stairs at middle exit fl .. 10. A VERNUS: Tunnel twd. Lucr.: stairs to II. A VERNUS: Tunnel twd. Lucrinus: inner room (Off. quarters?) 12. BAIAE CASTLE, c. 1540, by Dom Pedro of Toledo; fr. Pozz. bay 13. BAIAE: Span. 18c. castle on Caesar Villa site, Capri 14. BAIAE: Gen. E close, tel. 15. BAIAE: Gen. E across bay 16. BAIAE: terrace arch, stucco 17. BAIAE: terraces from below 18. BAIAE: terraces arcade 19. BAIAE: terraces gen. from below 20. BAIAE: Terraces close 21. BAIAE: Bay twd. Lucrinus; Vesp. Villa 22. BAIAE: Palaestra(square), 'T.
    [Show full text]
  • Diapositiva 1
    IWA Regional Symposium on Water, Wastewater & Environment: Traditions and Culture March 22-24, 2014 Patras, Greece The Augustan aqueduct of Serino in the context of road system and urbanization of the served territory in Southern Italy Giacinto Libertini, Bruno Miccio, Nino Leone and Giovanni De Feo Emperor Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus brotherly fellow of Augustus, Divi Filius Augustus pivotal pillar of Augustus success and power, and builder of the Augustan aqueduct The Augustan aqueduct of Serino (Aqua Augusta) was exceptional in size (the main trunk about 103 km long, the branches about 60 km). It served 13 towns, the civil port of Puteoli (one of the two most important civil ports of the Empire, the other was Alexandria in Aegyptus), the military port of Misenum (one of the two most important military ports of the Empire, the other was Ravenna), and many villas of eminent figures. Atella Acerrae Nola Cumae Neapolis Puteoli villae Baia Palepolis Bavli Herculaneum Misenum Pompeii villae Oplontis portus civilis portus militaris (Puteoli) (Misenum) Here, the Augustan aqueduct is examined in the rich context of the cities and roads existing in the Roman age in the crossed area. In Roman times (like today), the area was very fertile and densely populated. Many ancient centers are still in existence and many ancient roads coincide with the modern road layouts. Allifae Cubulteria Formiae Teanum Suessa Telesia Minturnae Trebula Cales Forum Popilii Sinuessa Caiatia Beneventum Urbana Casilinum Saticula Ad Octavum Capua Caudium Calatia Ad Novas Volturnum Vicus Feniculensis Atella Suessula Nola Acerrae Abellinum Liternum Neapolis Ad Teglanum Cumae Puteoli Baia Palepolis Urbula Bavli Herculaneum Misenum Pompeii Oplontis Nuceria Salernum Stabiae The centuriations existing in the same area were also considered.
    [Show full text]
  • ATLAS of CLASSICAL HISTORY
    ATLAS of CLASSICAL HISTORY EDITED BY RICHARD J.A.TALBERT London and New York First published 1985 by Croom Helm Ltd Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © 1985 Richard J.A.Talbert and contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Atlas of classical history. 1. History, Ancient—Maps I. Talbert, Richard J.A. 911.3 G3201.S2 ISBN 0-203-40535-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-71359-1 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-03463-9 (pbk) Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Also available CONTENTS Preface v Northern Greece, Macedonia and Thrace 32 Contributors vi The Eastern Aegean and the Asia Minor Equivalent Measurements vi Hinterland 33 Attica 34–5, 181 Maps: map and text page reference placed first, Classical Athens 35–6, 181 further reading reference second Roman Athens 35–6, 181 Halicarnassus 36, 181 The Mediterranean World: Physical 1 Miletus 37, 181 The Aegean in the Bronze Age 2–5, 179 Priene 37, 181 Troy 3, 179 Greek Sicily 38–9, 181 Knossos 3, 179 Syracuse 39, 181 Minoan Crete 4–5, 179 Akragas 40, 181 Mycenae 5, 179 Cyrene 40, 182 Mycenaean Greece 4–6, 179 Olympia 41, 182 Mainland Greece in the Homeric Poems 7–8, Greek Dialects c.
    [Show full text]
  • The Augustan Aqueduct of Capua and Its Historical Evolution
    The Augustan Aqueduct of Capua and its Historical Evolution G. Libertini*, B. Miccio**, N. Leone*** and G. De Feo**** * Independent Researcher, 80023, via Cavour 13, Caivano (Na), Italy ** Senior official of ABC Acquedotto di Napoli, 80131, via O. Morisani 28, Napoli (Na), Italy *** Independent Researcher, 80038, via Locatelli 79, Pomigliano d’Arco (Na), Italy **** Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (Sa), Italy (Corresponding Author) (E-mail: [email protected] ) Abstract Augustus built at his own expense an aqueduct, known as Aqua Iulia , for Capua , located in today’s Campania region of Southern Italy, which was in Roman times one of the most important civitas of the empire. The course of this aqueduct and of its likely branches destined to two small towns, Saticula and Calatia , is hypothesized, in part based on the re-use, in the seventeenth century, of about 8 miles of the ancient aqueduct for another water supply to serve Naples, namely the Carmignano aqueduct. Then, it is described the subsequent transformation, in the eighteenth century, of the new water supply along a new route at a higher altitude, in a third water supply to serve the Bourbon royal palace of Caserta, a magnificent construction built in the same years. In short, the historical evolution of the Augustan aqueduct of Capua is discussed in the framework of the served communities and of the organization and history of the territory crossed, so showing the richness of information that may be obtained by an integrated study of the transformation over time of an important water infrastructure.
    [Show full text]