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PURL: G S Lili II a R Y OP EVENTS
No. XXVII. April 21st 1947. UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES (VM/TSSICN. (Research Office). W A R CRIMES O V 3 DIGEST. ¿"NOTBî The above title replaces that of Press News Sunmary used in the early numbers of this eries. For internal circulation to the Commission.^ CONTENTS. SUMMARY OP EVENTS. Page. EUROPE. 1. PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/0556af/ G S lili II A R Y OP EVENTS. 5UH0PE. A U S T R I A. Investigations into suspected cases of war ori^«?. Lina radio reported (1 0 ,4«47) that under the jurisdiction of the five People's Courts in Upper Austria and Salzburg - the region of the Linz Chief Public Rrosecutor' s Office - 5,157 preliminary investigations were being nado into cases of suspected war crine3 and underground nenborshi^ of the Nazi party. About 500 trials wore begun la3t year; 342 being ccncludod, two with death sent ences and ll6 with acquittals. Arrests. 7icner Zeitung reported (1,4*47) that the Innsbruck police had arrested the former SS Ob ers turn führer Richard. KORNHERR. CZECHOSLOVAKIA. The Tiso Trial, (see Ho, XXVI, p.2 of this Digest) The Daily Telegraph reported free Prague (16,4.47) that Josef TISO, former President of Slovakia during the German occupation, had been sentenced by the People's Court in Bratislava to death by hanging, Ferdinand DURCANSKY, his former Foreign Kinister, received a similar sentence. During his trial TISO admitted giving military aid to the Germans but denied signing a declaration of \ war on Britain and the United States, Sentence on a Gestapo Official, An Agency message reported frcm Berlin (7 .2 ,4 7 ) that Karel DUCHGN, described, as the most cruel Gestapo man in Olcmouc, had been sentenced to death by the Olccnouc People's Court, He took part in the killing of 21 people in a May 1945 rising and persecuted Slovak partisans. -
Hungarian Studies Review, Vol
Hungarian Studies Review, Vol. XXIII, No. 1 (Spring, 1996) Edmund Veesenmayer on Horthy and Hungary: An American Intelligence Report N.F. Dreisziger "As Minister to Hungary, Veesenmayer had something more than the normal duties of a Minister." (The Veesenmayer Interrogation Report, p. 21) "... it was a good thing if [Veesenmayer] did not always know everything that was going on (i.e. the Gestapo was doing) [in Hungary]." (SS leader Heinrich Himmler, cited ibid., p. 22) The role Edmund Veesenmayer played in twentieth century Hungarian history is almost without parallel. He was, to all intents and purposes, a Gauleiter, a kind of a modern satrap, in the country for the last year of the war. Hungary would have her share of quislings during the post-war communist era, but they would not be complete foreigners: the Matyas Rakosis, the Erno Geros, the Ferenc Mtinnichs, the Janos Kadars, and the Farkases (Mihaly and Vladimir) had connections to Hungary, however tenuous in some cases.1 Veesenmayer had no familial, ethnic or cultural ties to Hungary, he was simply an agent of a foreign power appointed to make sure that power's interests and wishes prevailed in the country. The closest parallel one finds to him in the post-war period is Marshal Klementy E. Voroshilov, the member of the Soviet leadership who was ap- pointed as head of the Allied Control Commission in Hungary at the end of the war. Though Voroshilov's position most resembled Veesenmayer's, it is doubtful whether the Soviet General was as often involved in meddling in Hungarian affairs as was the energetic German commissioner and his SS cohorts. -
Hitler, Britain and the Hoßbach Memorandum
Jonathan Wright and Paul Stafford* Hitler, Britain and the Hoßbach Memorandum The Hoßbach Memorandum is the most famous and most controversial document in the history of the Third Reich. Yet there is no critical edition of it — a telling example of the degree to which historians of the twentieth century are swamped by their sources. Every line of the document deserves close study. It contains one of the classic statements of Hitler's racial philosophy and of the policy of the conquest of living space to solve Germany's economic problems. On this level it is comparable to passages in Mein Kampf and the Memorandum on the tasks of the Four Year Plan. But the Hoßbach Memorandum also offers an insight into another dimension of Hitler's thought: the first recorded detailed argument about when and how the conquest of liv- ing space was to begin. The essence of this argument is that Germany had limited time at its disposal because its relative strength compared to its opponents would decline after 1943—45 and that was therefore the final date for action. Hitler appeared confi- dent about the international situation. The weakness of the British Empire, which he elaborated in some detail, and the domestic divisions of the French Republic, Russian fear of Japan and Polish fear of Russia, the favourable attitude of Italy so long as the Duce was alive, all he declared offered Germany an opportunity to destroy Czechoslo- vakia and simultaneously to absorb Austria with little risk of intervention by other powers. Hitler also discussed two possible developments which would enable Germany to act before 1943—45: a domestic crisis in France which made it unable to go to war, or France becoming involved in war with another power which he saw as an immediate possibility for 1938 arising out of the Spanish civil war. -
I.G. Farben's Petro-Chemical Plant and Concentration Camp at Auschwitz Robert Simon Yavner Old Dominion University
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons History Theses & Dissertations History Summer 1984 I.G. Farben's Petro-Chemical Plant and Concentration Camp at Auschwitz Robert Simon Yavner Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_etds Part of the Economic History Commons, and the European History Commons Recommended Citation Yavner, Robert S.. "I.G. Farben's Petro-Chemical Plant and Concentration Camp at Auschwitz" (1984). Master of Arts (MA), thesis, History, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/7cqx-5d23 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_etds/27 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1.6. FARBEN'S PETRO-CHEMICAL PLANT AND CONCENTRATION CAMP AT AUSCHWITZ by Robert Simon Yavner B.A. May 1976, Gardner-Webb College A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS HISTORY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 1984 Approved by: )arw±n Bostick (Director) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by Robert Simon Yavner 1984 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT I.G. FARBEN’S PETRO-CHEMICAL PLANT AND CONCENTRATION CAMP AT AUSCHWITZ Robert Simon Yavner Old Dominion University, 1984 Director: Dr. Darwin Bostick This study examines the history of the petro chemical plant and concentration camp run by I.G. -
And 'Aryanization' of the Vienna Branches of the Banque Des Pays De L'europe Centrale and of the Živnostenská Banka, 1938
Dieter Ziegler (Ruhr-Universität Bochum) The 'Germanisation' and 'Aryanization' of the Vienna branches of the Banque des Pays de l'Europe Centrale and of the Živnostenská banka, 1938 Paper 9th EBHA-Conference “Corporate Images – Images of the Corporation” Frankfurt 01-03 September 2005 Session 3 B ‘Aryanization Contracts’ Revisited Prof. Dr. Dieter Ziegler Lehrstuhl für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensgeschichte Fakultät für Geschichtswissenschaft Ruhr-Universität D-44780 Bochum Email: [email protected] When Germany started its military expansion in Central Europe in 1938 the “Aryanization” of business property in the Old Reich had reached its climax, before it came to an end by the end of the year, when Jews were no longer entitled to carry on any business. In the occupied areas the problem of business property was even greater for the national socialists than in the Old Reich, because in addition to the Jews who were to be immediately ousted from the economy, armaments and other relevant industries, banks, insurance companies etc. had to be transferred to proprietors and managers who were regarded as reliable as Germans. These industries and businesses had to be “Germanized”. That meant that foreigners, whether Jews or non-Jews, as well as local industrialists and bankers, who were not regarded as ethnic Germans were also to be expelled from leading positions in the economy. In the final stage of the “Aryanization” process in the Old Reich the authorities had already realized that although the chaotic and mainly unregulated “Aryanizations” of the past years had been effective from the point of view of “Judenpolitik”, that is, to deprive the German Jews’ capability of economic survival, from the point of view of the economy, especially of the emerging war economy, it was counterproductive. -
The Anschluss Movement and British Policy
THE ANSCHLUSS MOVEMENT AND BRITISH POLICY: MAY 1937 - MARCH 1938 by Elizabeth A. Tarte, A.B. A 'l11esis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Part ial Fulfillment of the Re quirements f or the Degree of Master of Arts Milwaukee, Wisconsin May, 1967 i1 PREFACE For many centuri.es Austria. bad been closely eom'lect E!d \'lieh the German states. 111 language and eulture. Austri.a and Germany had always looked to each other. AS late as the t~tentieth century. Austria .st111 clung to her traditional leadership in Germany . In the perlod following the First World War, Austria continued to lo(!)k to Germany for leadership. Aus tria, beset by numerous economic and social problems. made many pleas for uni on with her German neighbor. From 1919 to 1933 all ;novas on the part of Austria and Germany for union, -v.71\ether political oreeon01;n1c. were th"larted by the signatories of the pea.ce treaties. Wl ,th the entrance of Adolf Hitler onto the European political stage, the movement fQr the Anschluss .. - the union of Germany and Austria .- t ook on a different light. Austrians no longer sought \.Ulion with a Germany v.ilich was dominated by Hitler. The net"l National $Gclalist Gertna,n Reich aimed at: the early acq'U1Si ,tiQn of Austria. The latter "(vas i mportant to the lteich fGr its agricultural and Batural reSources and would i mprove its geopolitical and military position in Europe. In 1934 the National Soci aU.sts assaSSinated Dr .. U.:. £tlto1bot''t Pollfuas, the Aust~i ..\n Cbaneellot'l in ,an 8.'ttcmp't to tillkltl c:ronet:Ql or his: eountry. -
SECRET Approved by Tho Prosecu- Tion Review Board Resenrch Nnd
SECRET Appr oved by tho Prosecu - tion Review Boa r d OFFICE OF STR ~ T EGIC SERVICES Re senrch nnd Ana lysi s Branch . .' NA. ZI PLANS FOR DOMINi.TING GEFU,1,'..NY J.. ND EUROPE DO....MESTIC CRIMES DRAFT FOR THE WAR CRIIAES STAFF Washingt on 13 August; 1945 This document contains information affectinG the national defense of t he Un i ted St.... ates vri>ehin the meani ng of the Espionage ..\ ct , 50 USC 31 and 32 , a s em ondod. Its t ransmi ssi on or tho r evelation of its cont ent s in any manner to an unauthorized person in prohibited by l aw. 13 Copy No• SECRET . (76835) I SECRET INTRODUCTION The followinS paper consists of two parts . Part I dis cusses the criminal responsibility of the Nazis for their viola tions of Domestic German law . Part II concerns the violations themselves -- the suppression of labor organizations and politi cal parties , the muzzling of the press , the illegal passage of enabling legislation, etc . The principal problem which the Pa r t I confronts and attempts to solv~ is the expected plea by the Nazi Defense that the acts of which the prisoners are accused were in fact author ized by the laws of the Third Reich. While it would be possible to demonstrate that the Nazi regime itself was not the legal successor to the We i mar -Repubiic , the Nazis could fall back upon the claim that as a frankly revolutionary government its constitutionality rested on its long and uncontested exercise 0f power . -
The European Dimension in Vocational Training. Experiences and Tasks of Vocational Training Policy in the Member States of the European Union
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 392 881 CE 070 826 AUTHOR Koch, Richard, Ed.; Reuling, Jochen, Ed. TITLE The European Dimension in Vocational Training. Experiences and Tasks of Vocational Training Policy in the Member States of the European Union. Congress Report. INSTITUTION Federal Inst. for Vocational Training, Bonn (Germany). REPORT NO ISBN-3-7639-0690-8 PUB DATE 95 NOTE 208p. AVAILABLE FROMW. Bertelsmann Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Postfach 100633, D-33506 Bielefeld, Germany (order no. 110.313, 24 deutschmarks). PUB TYPE Collected Works - Conference Proceedings (021) -- Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) EDRS PRICE MFOI/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Continuing Education; Educational Research; Foreign Countries; *International Cooperation; *International Educational Exchange; Job Training; *Organizational Development; Postsecondary Education; Secondary Education; Second Language Instruction; *Vocational Education IDENTIFIERS *Europe ABSTRACT This volume contains presentqtions and workshop papers from the International Congress on "The European Dimension of Vocational Training--Experiences and Tasks" that provided those with responsibility for vocational training a forum for analyzing and discussing challenges that have emerged from European cooperation in vocational training. Two introductory speeches (Karl-Hans Laermann and Achilleas Mitsos) precede the workshop papers. Workshop A, "The Bottom-Up Approach to Europe," looks at the form and content of projects based primarily on the initiative of chambers, companies, schools, and -
Das Parlamentarische Regierungssystem Mecklenburg- Schwerins Unter Der Weimarer Reichsverfassung
Das parlamentarische Regierungssystem Mecklenburg- Schwerins unter der Weimarer Reichsverfassung Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Rechte durch die Juristische Fakultät der Universität Rostock vorgelegt von Carina Freitag aus Wiepkenhagen urn:nbn:de:gbv:28-diss2010-0049-2 Verteidigungsdatum: 11. März 2010 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang März, Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht und Verfassungsgeschichte an der Juristischen Fakultät der Universität Rostock Zweitgutachter: PD Dr. Klaus Richter, Lehrstuhl für Bürgerliches Recht, Arbeitsrecht und Rechtsgeschichte (Vertretung) an der Juristischen Fakultät der Universität Rostock I Inhalt A. Einleitung 1 B. Einzelheiten zum Begriff „parlamentarische Regierung“ 6 I. Theoretisches Verständnis des Begriffs „parlamentarische Regierung“ im deutschen Staatsrecht vor 1918 6 1. Verfassungsrechtliche und politische Ausgangslage 8 a) Die Reichsverfassung als Hindernis 8 b) Erfolglose Versuche in Richtung parlamentarische Regierung 11 c) Der interfraktionelle Ausschuss als Vorform parlamentarischer Regierung 14 2. Die Standpunkte in der Staatsrechtswissenschaft 16 a) Von der Mitte des 19. Jahrhundert bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg 16 b) 1914 bis 1918 22 c) Föderalistische Bedenken und Sorge um die Hegemonie 24 d) Die Theorie Max Webers 28 e) Robert Redslob: echte und unechte parlamentarische Regierung 29 3. Zwischenergebnis 32 II. Die Weimarer Reichsverfassung als Verwirklichung parlamentarischer Regierung 36 1. Entwürfe zur Reichsverfassung 36 2. Das Verfassungswerk von Weimar 41 3. Die Staatsrechtswissenschaft der Weimarer Zeit 42 a) Weimarer Reichsverfassung verwirklicht parlamentarische Regierungsweise 42 b) Mangelnde Bereitschaft zur Übernahme von Regierungsverantwortung 43 C. Die ungeklärte Verfassungsfrage in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 47 I. Der Landesgrundgesetzliche Erbvergleich von 1755 47 1. Anlass für die Einführung des Erbvergleichs 47 2. Inhalt des Erbvergleichs 48 3. Freienwalder Schiedsspruch 50 a) Inhalte des neuen Staatsgrundgesetzes 50 b) Wiedereinführung des Erbvergleichs 51 4. -
Sixty-Four Stories of Resistance in Germany, 1933–45
CONSCIENCE IN REVOLT CONSCIENCE IN REVOLT Sixty-Four Stories of Resistance in Germany, 1933-45 ANNEDORE LEBER WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF WILLY BRANDT & KARL DIETRICH BRACHER WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM HILDE WALTER WOLFGANG STEGLICH & HARALD POELCHAU TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN BY ROSEMARY o·NEILL Der Widerstand: Dissent and Resistance in the Third Reich First published 1957 by Westview Press Published 2021 by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 1994 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Unless otherwise indicated, all photographs in this book were privately owned. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-8133-2185-9 ISBN 13: 978-0-3670-0916-8 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-3671-5903-0 (pbk) DOI: 10.4324/9780429039027 CONTENTS page Foreword by K. D. BRACHER vii Resistance and Conscience: An Introduction by ANDREW CHANDLER ix Introduction by ROBERT BIRLEY xxi Preface xxxix YOUTH Introduction I ANTON SCHMAUS . 4 HELMUTH HUBENER 7 HILDA MONTE 11 JONATHAN STARK 14 SOPHIE SCHOLL 16 HEINZ BELLO 20 FRIEDRICH KARL KLAUSING 24 MICHAEL KITZELMANN 27 LEARNING Introduction 32 CARL VON OSSIETZKY 34 FRITZ SOLMITZ 38 KURT HUBER 42 ELISABETH VON THADDEN 46 NIKOLAUS GROSS 49 ERICH KNAUF . -
HAND OUT: “Finding Hilda - an Austrian Genealogy Story.”
HAND OUT: “Finding Hilda - an Austrian genealogy story.” Australian Jewish Genealogy Society, Second National Conference, Melbourne, Sunday March 7, 2010. © Daniela Torsh 2010 15 William St Balmain, NSW, 2041 Telephone: 02 9810 5572 Email: [email protected] Disclaimer by the author: I have tried to check all the material for accuracy but I cannot be totally sure that some facts may have changed since I prepared the document. If you find a mistake please let me know so I can correct it. Any new sources will be gratefully accepted. This is intended as a beginner’s guide and is not claimed to be comprehensive. CONTENTS 1. Annotated References....................................................................................4 2. Sources in Vienna...........................................................................................8 a. Jewish Community (IKG) ................................ ................................ ..................................... 8 i. IKG Archives..................................................................................................................................................................8 ii. Jewish Cemeteries.......................................................................................................................................................8 b. Jewish Museum................................ ................................................................ ...................9 c. Vienna Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies................................ ..............................10 -
E U R O P E S P E A
I S K (Militant Socialist International) 24 Mandeville Rise, W.G. Eichler Welwyn Garden City, Herts E U R O P E s p e a k s [Heft 61,] 26th September, 1945 [Seite: - 1 -] Germany Ernst Poensgen[1] (Director General of the Vereinigte Stahlwerke A.G.[2], member of the Board of the Federation of German Industries and of the Franco-German Rapprochement Committee, President of the Economic Group Iron Producing Industry [3] and Director of a great number of firms, such as chemical and engineering works and coal mines), has recently written a brief survey of his experiences with reference to the relationship between the Ruhr industrialists and the National Socialist Party. Although intended as a defence of the Ruhr industrialists, it strikingly demonstrates that in spite of numerous conflicts with the Nazis, the industrialists as a group toed the Party line on all important issues. The arrest of the forty Ruhr industrialists which has recently taken place was therefore a measure of special importance and urgency. Even had none of these gentlemen ever been a member of the National Socialist Party, this party could have never lived and prospered had it not been for the voluntary help of the industrialists. It is important to note - although the employers' organisations may have been reluctant to subsidize the Nazi Party - as Poensgen stated - Thyssen and Kirdorf [4], to quote only two cases in point, gave millions to Hitler. And that was sufficient to finance the political struggle. Hitler and the Ruhr Industrialists A retrospect by ERNST POENSGEN When in May, 1942 the "National Steel Association" (Reichsvereinigung Eisen) was founded, the Minister for National Economy Funk[5] relieved me of my duties as the leader of the Economic Group Steel Producing Industry (Wirtschaftsgruppe Eisen schaffende Industrie).