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Water in Pre-Christian Beliefs in Pomerania (Northern Poland) of the Early Medieval Period
20 S TUDIA MYTHOLOGICA SLAVICA 2017 15 – 32 Water in pre-Christian beliefs in Pomerania (northern Poland) of the early medieval period Kamil Kajkowski, Andrzej Kuczkowski Based on written sources and archaeological evidence, ethnographic and linguistic ma- terial, and the knowledge of the rest of Slavonic-occupied regions, the authors research early medieval Pomeranian communities in which water played a significant role. Water, as a life-providing element on the one hand, and a destructive element on the other, was not only essential for the economy, but also indispensably carried symbolic meaning and played an important role in religious ceremonies and magical rites. An attempt at characterizing Pomeranian water ritual also defining the sacred spaces of pre-Christian sanctuaries is made in the following article. KEYWORDS: water, pre-Christian beliefs, Pomerania, Poland, Slavonic beliefs, pre- Christian rituals, archaeology 1. INTRODUCTION The area of Pomerania, the north-western part of modern Poland, is symbolically restricted by three major rivers: the Vistula from the east, the Oder from the west, the and Noteć from the south. The northern barrier of this post-glacial area is the southern coast of Baltic Sea. One of the dominant features of this type of landscape is numerous, relatively small lakes and a predominantly longitudinally-oriented network of rivers. As drinking water reserves, as well as habitats of species utilized by the early medieval economy, they must have played an important role in the cultural landscape and religious ideas. In the following article, we intend to take a closer look at the significance of water in pre-Christian Pomeranian beliefs of the early medieval period, i.e. -
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV - C
Cambridge University Press 0521414113 - The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV - c. 1024-c. 1198 Edited by David Luscombe and Jonathan Riley-Smith Index More information INDEX Aachen, 77, 396, 401, 402, 404, 405 Abul-Barakat al-Jarjara, 695, 700 Aaron, bishop of Cologne, 280 Acerra, counts of, 473 ‘Abbadids, kingdom of Seville, 157 Acre ‘Abbas ibn Tamim, 718 11th century, 702, 704, 705 ‘Abbasids 12th century Baghdad, 675, 685, 686, 687, 689, 702 1104 Latin conquest, 647 break-up of empire, 678, 680 1191 siege, 522, 663 and Byzantium, 696 and Ayyubids, 749 caliphate, before First Crusade, 1 fall to crusaders, 708 dynasty, 675, 677 fall to Saladin, 662, 663 response to Fatimid empire, 685–9 Fatimids, 728 abbeys, see monasteries and kingdom of Jerusalem, 654, 662, 664, abbots, 13, 530 667, 668, 669 ‘Abd Allah al-Ziri, king of Granada, 156, 169–70, Pisans, 664 180, 181, 183 trade, 727 ‘Abd al-Majid, 715 13th century, 749 ‘Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, 155, 158, 160, 163, 165 Adalasia of Sicily, 648 ‘Abd al-Mu’min, 487 Adalbero, bishop of Wurzburg,¨ 57 ‘Abd al-Rahman (Shanjul), 155, 156 Adalbero of Laon, 146, 151 ‘Abd al-Rahman III, 156, 159 Adalbert, archbishop of Mainz, 70, 71, 384–5, ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Ilyas, 682 388, 400, 413, 414 Abelard of Conversano, 109, 110, 111, 115 Adalbert, bishop of Prague, 277, 279, 284, 288, Aberconwy, 599 312 Aberdeen, 590 Adalbert, bishop of Wolin, 283 Abergavenny, 205 Adalbert, king of Italy, 135 Abernethy agreement, 205 Adalgar, chancellor, 77 Aberteifi, 600 Adam of Bremen, 295 Abingdon, 201, 558 Adam of -
Dynastie Królewskie Panujące W Polsce – Dynastia Piastów
XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” Tytuł Pracy : Dynastie królewskie panujące w Polsce - Dynastia Piastów Autorka : Pola Urbanek Kategoria : Młodzik Kod : MRKR 111 Szkolny organizator : Agata Rysz XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” 1.Wstęp 2.legendy o Piastach Lech Czech i Rus O Popielu O Piaście Kołodzieju 3.Minione wieki 4.Był sobie król… 5.O Piastach „ z przymrużeniem oka” 6.Co po Piastach pozostało 7.Zakończenie 8.Bibliogragia 2 XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” Wstęp Zapraszam Państwa na wędrówkę po odległej historii znanej nam tylko z kronik, dzienników i zapisków z dawnych czasów. Historia to nie tylko wydarzenia umiejscowione w czasie, to też opowiadania , legendy i przypowieści związane z danym okresem dziejów. Historia jest w każdej pamiątce, w zabytkach, w budowlach, monetach i we wszystkim co po przodkach pozostało. Zatem chciałabym przeprowadzić Państwa po historii najstarszej polskiej dynastii, po historii naszych przodków -Piastów... Rola historii jest ogromna w życiu świata ,państwa czy regionu. Rzetelna wiedza historyczna pozwala nam zrozumieć złożoność i zróżnicowanie świata. Uczy tez tolerancji dla odmienności kulturowej i cywilizacyjnej. 3 XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” Legendy o Piastach 4 XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” Legenda o Czechu, Lechu i Rusie 5 XV EDYCJA OGÓLNOPOLSKIEGO KONKURSU HISTORYCZNEGO „ KRĄG” 6 Trzej bracia-Słowianie, Czech, Lech i Rus przed wiekami, gdy w Europie dopiero powstawały państwa, wędrowali po wielkim terytorium między dwiema rzekami, z zachodu była to Odra, od wschodu Dniepr. Przemierzali wielkie połacie pól, lasów. Nie była to łatwa podróż, musieli mierzyć się z dziką przyrodą, niebezpieczną leśną zwierzyną, nie mogli się zgubić wśród leśnych kniei, kto by się zgubił, ten mógł nigdy się już nie odnaleźć. -
PS T5 Druk Cyfrowy Ksiega 1.Indb 122 23.02.2017 11:25 C 3
PS T5_druk cyfrowy_ksiega 1.indb 122 23.02.2017 11:25 C 3 From a tribe to a state The archaeology of the early Middle Ages in the interior area between the Odra and Bug rivers – the so-called “tribal period” 124 Abstract 125 1. Introduction 130 2. The natural environment 132 3. The landscape of settlement 148 4. The economic landscape 153 5. The symbolic landscape 162 6. Conclusion 164 Bibliography PS T5_druk cyfrowy_ksiega 1.indb 123 23.02.2017 11:25 C 3 F©Ó° ¬ ѩ϶ª ÑÓ ¬ ²Ñ¬Ñª Abstract The present chapter is devoted to presenting the complexity of research issues related to the communities which inhabited Polish territory during the so-called tribal period (between the 7th and the middle of the 10th century AD). Despite long years of study, the most elementary questions remain unan- swered – as a result of the scarcity of material traces of the said communities and due to the changing nature of scholarly interest or the lack of enthusiasm for studying subjects beyond so-called tribal geography. The introduction presents the currently available data which may be used in the reconstruction of the natural en- vironment in the area in question, emphasizing the impact it may have had on the stability and structure of settlements. The following subchapter focuses on the forms of architec- ture and the often discussed issue of the possibly seasonal nature of the structures. A separate subsection discusses defensive structures which began to appear at the end of the period under analysis. It also takes note of the structural S³¬´Ó°Ï© MÓ;Ö¯ÏÓ®× dierences between the strongholds erected in south-eastern and in north-western regions of Polish territory, emphasiz- ing the ongoing discussion regarding the function of these structures, which indubitably went beyond strictly defensive purposes. -
Językowe Pogranicza Polszczyzny
Gwary Dziś – vol. 9 – 2017, s. 85–158 DOI 10.14746/gd.2017.9.7 ISSN 1898-9276 Leszek Bednarczuk Akademia Polonijna w Częstochowie [email protected]* Językowe pogranicza polszczyzny Abstrakt: WPROWADZENIE A. POGRANICZE PÓŁNOCNO-WSCHODNIE 0. UWAGI WSTĘPNE I. KALENDARIUM WIELKIEGO KSIĘSTWA LITEWSKIEGO (WKL) II. WSPÓLNOTA KOMUNIKATYWNA WKL III. JĘZYK LITEWSKI IV. JĘZYK BIAŁORUSKI V. PIŚMIENNICTWO POLSKIE NA ZIEMIACH WKL VI. CECHY WSPÓLNE PÓŁNOCNO-WSCHODNIEJ POLSZCZYZNY VII. ZRÓŻNICOWANIE TERYTORIALNE PÓŁNOCNO-WSCHODNIEJ POLSZCZYZNY 1.Wileńszczyzna, 2.Kowieńszczyzna, 3. Suwalszczyzna, 4. Podlasie – Grodzieńszczyzna, 5. Polesie, 6. Nowogródczyzna, 7. Mińsk – Bobrujsk, 8. Mohylew – Witebsk – Połock, 9. Smoleńsk, 10. Inflanty – Łotwa VIII.UWAGI KOŃCOWE B. POGRANICZE POŁUDNIOWO-WSCHODNIE 0. UWAGI WSTĘPNE I. KALENDARIUM KONTAKTÓW POLSKO-RUSKICH II. INNOWACJE JĘZYKA UKRAIŃSKIEGO 1.Nazwa Ukraina, Ukrainiec, 2. Związki językowe ukraińsko-białoruskie, 3. Dialekty ukraińskie a południowo-wschodnia polszczyzna III. PIŚMIENNICTWO POLSKIE NA ZIEMIACH RUSKICH RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ IV. CECHY WSPÓLNE POŁUDNIOWO-WSCHODNIEJ POLSZCZYZNY V. ZRÓŻNICOWANIE TERYTORIALNE POŁUDNIOWO-WSCHODNIEJ POLSZCZYZNY 1. Ruś Czerwona, 2. Wołyń, 3. Podole – Huculszczyzna, 4. Podnieprze, 5. Bukowina – Mołdawia VI. UWAGI KOŃCOWE C. POGRANICZE POŁUDNIOWE 0. UWGI WSTĘPNE I. DOLNY I GÓRNY ŚLĄSK II. CIESZYŃSKIE – JABŁONKOWSKIE – CZADECKIE III. MAŁOPOLSKA POŁUDNIOWA 1. Żywieckie – Orawa, 2. Podhale, 3. Spisz – Pieniny – Gorce, 4. Muszyna – Tylicz, 5. Sądecczyzna, * Na życzenie Autora podajemy adres mailowy Redakcji; podobnie na życzenie Autora abstrakt polski ma postać spisu treści. Redakcja uznała, że ułatwi to Czytelnikowi orientację w tym dość obszernym tekście. 86 LESZEK BEDNARCZUK 6. Podkarpacie IV. NAWIĄZANIA WSCHODNIOSŁOWACKIE V. UWAGI KOŃCOWE Bibliografia, Wykaz skrótów Słowa kluczowe: interferencja, kresy, pogranicza, peryferie, substrat Abstract: The border areas of the polish language. A. -
Выпуск 9 Issn 2079-1488
ВЫПУСК 9 ISSN 2079-1488 ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «РЕСПУБЛИКАНСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ» КАФЕДРА ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ БЕЛАРУСИ Научный сборник Основан в 2008 году ВЫПУСК 9 Минск РИВШ 2016 УДК 94(4-11)(082) Рекомендовано редакционно-издательской комиссией государственного учреждения образования «Республиканский институт высшей школы» (протокол № 6 от 30 декабря 2015 г.) Редакционная коллегия: А. В. Мартынюк – кандидат исторических наук, отв. редактор (Минск) Г. Я. Голенченко – доктор исторических наук, зам. отв. редактора (Минск) О. А. Яновский – кандидат исторических наук, зам. отв. редактора (Минск) А. А. Любая – кандидат исторических наук, зам. отв. редактора (Минск) Ю. Н. Бохан – доктор исторических наук (Минск) М. Вайерс – доктор исторических наук (Бонн) В. А. Воронин – кандидат исторических наук (Минск) О. И. Дзярнович – кандидат исторических наук (Минск) Д. Домбровский – доктор исторических наук (Быдгощ) Л. В. Левшун – доктор филологических наук (Минск) А. В. Любый – кандидат исторических наук (Минск) И. А. Марзалюк – доктор исторических наук (Могилев) В. Нагирный – доктор истории (Краков) Н. В. Николаев – доктор филологических наук (Санкт-Петербург) В. А. Теплова – кандидат исторических наук (Минск) В. А. Федосик – доктор исторических наук (Минск) А. И. Филюшкин – доктор исторических наук (Санкт-Петербург) А. Л. Хорошкевич – доктор исторических наук (Москва) В. Янкаускас – доктор истории (Каунас) Studia Historica Europae Orientalis = Исследования по истории И87 Восточной Европы : науч. сб. Вып. 9. – Минск : РИВШ, 2016. – 252 с. В научном сборнике представлены актуальные исследования белорусских и зарубежных ученых, посвященные широкому кругу проблем истории Вос- точной Европы в Средние века и раннее Новое время. Сборник включен ВАК Республики Беларусь в перечень научных изданий для опубликования резуль- татов диссертационных исследований по историческим наукам. Адресуется студентам, аспирантам, преподавателям и научным работни- кам, а также всем, кто интересуется историей восточных славян. -
Looking Westwards
Founded in 1944, the Institute for Western Affairs is an interdis- Looking westwards ciplinary research centre carrying out research in history, political The role of the Institute for Western Affairs science, sociology, and economics. The Institute’s projects are typi- in the construction of the Lubusz Land concept cally related to German studies and international relations, focusing On local historical policy and collective on Polish-German and European issues and transatlantic relations. memory in Gorzów Wielkopolski The Institute’s history and achievements make it one of the most Cultural heritage against a background important Polish research institution well-known internationally. of transformation in 1970s and 1980s Western Since the 1990s, the watchwords of research have been Poland– Ger- Poland many – Europe and the main themes are: Polish interest in the early medieval past • political, social, economic and cultural changes in Germany; of Kołobrzeg • international role of the Federal Republic of Germany; The Greater Poland Uprising in the French and British daily press • past, present, and future of Polish-German relations; • EU international relations (including transatlantic cooperation); Rosa Luxemburg against war • security policy; Literary fiction and poverty. The example of Gustav Freytag’s novel Soll und Haben • borderlands: social, political and economic issues. The Institute’s research is both interdisciplinary and multidimension- Coming to terms with the West German 68ers in the writings of the 85ers al. Its multidimensionality can be seen in published papers and books The manuscript of the letter of the Polish on history, analyses of contemporary events, comparative studies, bishops to the German bishops and the use of theoretical models to verify research results. -
April / May 2013 Newsletter
April / May 2013 The Recession Has Demonstrated The Importance Of Our Mission: An Update On “PASS” Polish American Social Services, United Social Services Serving Philadelphia & Southeastern Pennsylvania Effective and Efficient Agency PASS Helps Save Money PASS has earned a reputation as a highly effective and efficient PASS works with thousands of constituents annually, saving component of the social services delivery system in the Philadelphia government and agencies millions of dollars in the long run. Through area due to its comprehensive benefits counseling, information/ the efforts of PASS’s staff, individual constituents could receive up to referral, and advocacy services to constituents. Its unique $1,000 in benefits from various income enhancing programs. These contribution to social services is that it addresses the needs of a rebate programs allow them to stretch their annual budget, add to largely under-served community with language and cultural barriers the economy and help them remain more self-sufficient. that block access to programs and services that build constituents’ Approximately 90% of PASS’s constituents manage to remain self- self-sufficiency, self-esteem, and overall physical and mental well sufficient and in their own homes. being. Ongoing PASS Program Objectives Include: A Community Resource For Thousands 1. To enable constituents to make better use of available income PASS, also known as United Social Services, is a multi-service through timely and well-informed income management and agency with a thorough knowledge of numerous resources and the benefits counseling including low and moderate income programs flexibility to meet varied and complex constituent needs. In addition such as: PA Property Tax/Rent Rebates, LIHEAP, PACE, and to assisting constituents from the Polish/Slavic community in services offered by other agencies which promote self-sufficiency Southeastern Pennsylvania, PASS is a referral point for six additional and a reasonable quality of life. -
6 Stefan Kwiatkowski [696] Be Interpreted As a Search for the Ideal Anti-World for Modern Contemporaneity
ZAPISKI HISTORYCZNE — TOM LXXX — ROK 2015 Zeszyt 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.15762/ZH.2015.51 STEFAN KWIATKOWSKI (University of Szczecin) WEST-POMERANIAN MEDIEVALISM: THE OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM Key words: cultural medievalism, historiographic medievalism, historiography, West Pomerania 1. Introduction The subject matter of medievalism is the existence of elements of medieval culture in subsequent epochs. It was Agnieszka Kruszyńska who expressed the essence of the phenomenon: “I use the term «medievalism» to refer to the total use of medieval elements in contemporary culture”1. In a more strict sense, me- dievalism may be defined as an area of research interest which is not a separate scientific discipline2. As a result, it comprises a variety of research on the history of literature, art (including music, dance and theatre), architecture and urban studies along with the preservation of monumental buildings. In a broader sense, it also includes the awareness of the continuation of medieval religion, politics, or the economy. In fact, in each field of culture understood in broad terms there exist antecedents referring to the medieval period. The presence of elements from the past constitutes part of the present of each epoch. Cultural medievalism appeared in the West as a phenomenon accompanying Romanticism. However, it did not merely mean romantic references to the Middle Ages or the commemoration of medieval times, but the generally accepted method of expressing contemporary ideas and problems with the use of medieval requi- sites. Architectural objects, paintings, sculptures, literature and the design of pub- lic ceremonies served this purpose. Generally speaking, the phenomenon could 1 Agnieszka Kruszyńska, Średniowieczność w literaturze i kulturze XX wieku. -
Polish Background Resources. Wilmette Public Schools District# 39
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 418 900 SO 028 113 AUTHOR Omalley, Joan; Koscielak, Gosia; Long, Chris Przybyla; Retzloff, Joan TITLE Polish Background Resources. Wilmette Public Schools District #39, IL. INSTITUTION Wilmette Public Schools, IL. SPONS AGENCY Illinois State Board of Education, Springfield. PUB DATE 1995-00-00 NOTE 87p.; Some maps and figures may not reproduce well. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom (055) Information Analyses (070) Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) LANGUAGE EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Elementary Secondary Education; *Foreign Countries; Global Education; Instructional Materials; Minority Groups; North Americans; *Polish Americans; Polish Literature; Social Studies IDENTIFIERS *Poland ABSTRACT This packet contains resource materials to help teachers include Polish studies in the school curriculum. Sections include: (1) "Geography"; (2) "History"; (3) "Fine Arts"; (4) "Resources"; and (5) "Appendix," covering miscellaneous facts and figures about Poland, its education system, monuments, national parks, language, and literature. (EH) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** PCOMAISEIE 313.A.C161GaRCKFAnD IRJESCOTJRCE IiiVIXAMETTIE I:bT.7113I4IC SCHOOLS DISTRICTateao Sam Milsmixellim, Supt. 615 Locust Wilmette, XL 60091 7013/256-2450 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY At. SPA GNI°L.o TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement rr) EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) XThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. 00 Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. -
An Analysis of the Fitting from Haliczany in the Context of Other Early Medieval Finds from Selected Areas of the Western Slavic Territories1
SlovenSká archeológia lXvi – 1, 2018, 49 – 105 CAROLINGIAN OR NOT? AN ANALYSIS OF THE FITTING FROM HALICZANY IN THE CONTEXT OF OTHER EARLY MEDIEVAL FINDS FROM SELECTED AREAS OF THE WESTERN SLAVIC TERRITORIES1 ZBIGNIEW ROBAK The paper presents some remarks on the chronology and spatial distribution of the late avar, carolingian, and great Moravian finds in selected areas of the Western Slavic Territories. The main subject of this paper is to analyse a particular item found in haliczany, chełm county in Poland. The fitting fromh aliczany has already been subjected to typological and chronological analyses twice. in each case, however, it led the authors to entirelly different conclusions and since the space for its interpretation remains broad, it requires some clarification. The purpose of the study is to indicate possible origins of the fitting fromh aliczany in terms of both typology and the route it travelled to finally reach the areas of today eastern Poland. There are two competing explanations that are examined in this paper concerning either carolingian or nomadic origins of the item in question. in the methodological dimension the paper provides arguments in favour of considering even single finds in a context broader than only stylistic speculations, including also cultural, historical, and when possible also ‘geopolitical’ determinants. key words: early Middle ages, central europe, late avar culture, carolingian culture, Slavic culture. INTRODUCTION The Fitting FroM haliczany The paper presents some remarks on the chro The artefact from haliczany is a small strap fit nology and spatial distribution of the late avar, ting, resembling a head of a sheep seen from the carolingian, and great Moravian finds in selected front (Fig. -
1. Historical Setting
Copyrighted Material 1. HISTORICAL SETTING 1.1. In search of roots. Human collectives have always strived to discover their origins. Held fast by linguistic, tribal, or religious bonds, societies are wont to test the strength of their union by examining its age and provenience. In this quest for a genealogy the Slavs find them- selves in a less fortunate position than many other members of the Indo-European family of languages. Speakers of Greek and the Romance languages have the satisfaction of being heir to the glorious traditions of ancient Greece and Rome. The Celtic and Germanic peoples know much about their past from what was written about them by classical authors and from their own tales and legends. The Slavs, by contrast, did not enter the records of history until the sixth century a.d. Their early fates are veiled by the silence of their neighbors, the mute- ness of their own oral tradition, and the ambiguity of such nonverbal sources of information as archaeology, anthropology, or paleobotany. Yet, the darkness of prehistory has not inhibited the Slavs in their search for roots. Schol- ars have fanned the few flickers of evidence hoping to illumine the past and reveal some heretofore hidden contours and shapes. How useful a search of this kind may be is best il- lustrated by the ingenious investigations of the Polish botanist Józef Rostafin¿ski. Having no- ticed that Slavic lacked a native term for beech (Fagus silvatica) and for several other plants, Rostafin¿ski assumed that there was a correlation between the easterly extension of the beech and the western limit of prehistoric Slavic settlements and concluded that the original home- land of the Slavs was located in the basin of the upper and middle Dnieper.1 Such insights, however, are few and far between.