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The Cultivation of A © Idōkan Poland Association “IDO MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”, Vol. 18, no. 4 (2018), pp. 11–24 DOI: 10.14589/ido.18.4.3 HISTORY & ANTHROPOLOGY Wojciech J. Cynarski University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow (Poland) e-mail: [email protected] Heritage of Proto-Aryan ancestors and noble warriors in Central Europe Submission: 16.06.2018; acceptance: 15.08.2018 Key words: Arains, Aryas, Scyths, Lechia, Sarmatism, Aryo-Slavic languages Abstract Problem. The problem of the origins of the Poles and other peoples of Central and Eastern Europe has lead to great scientific and social interest given the genetic discoveries of recent years, which have shown these issues in a new light. These problems are being simulta- neously considered by archaeologists and historians, linguists and ethnologists, and anthropologists and interdisciplinary researchers. Method. The comparative and deductive methods were used, along with an analysis of the broader discourse (both scientific and popular), from the perspective of the sociology of science; hence source texts and mass culture-related texts are listed among the sources. Results. The term “Aryo-Slavic languages” seems more appropriate than “Indo-European”, especially for peoples with the advantage of hg R1a Y-DNA. The similarity of the chronicles and their symbolism is another factor that testifies to their cultural closeness and its accompanying biological (genetic) proximity. There is a series of questions and hypothesis. Conclusions. The affinity of languages, the Polish noble coats of arms and Sarmatian signs, and anthropometric data of Aryans and Poles, especially genetics (Y-DNA, mt DNA) indicate that the holders of hg R1a1 (and derivatives) described in the paper origi- nate from the same trunk. Introduction which is thus falsified (the effect of cognitive dissonance) [Cynarski 2018: 5-6]. However, it is worth remembering For a long time, there has been a dispute over the ori- that constructive scientific dispute is an important factor gins of European nations, the Slavs and especially Poles1. in progress. So, what is the current state of knowledge? In recent years more pieces of the puzzle of knowledge Ian Barnes [2009] developed a European history of the have been discovered, leading to the composition of a Celts and their descendants – from antiquity to today. mosaic. However too many of them are still missing so A similar study of the history of the Aryans would the full picture still cannot be seen. There are still more require the work of a team of specialists and an edition questions than answers. Hence, one can and should make consisting of a number of volumes. In particular, it is worth noting that in Barnes the ancient history is hypotheses and then test them from a multidisciplinary “stretched” in favour of the Celts (Western European perspective, using the new systemic paradigm of science branch of the haplogroup R1b, and the Celtic subgroup, [Hetherington 1996; Cynarski 2014]. 3500-2000 BC), at the expense of the Arains (R1a), A new picture is gradually emerging and the proba- but this study was published before the discoveries in bility of some of these theories or hypotheses being right recent years of the genesis of Y-DNA. seems to be so large that it may be considered the best Anatole Klyosov [2009] introduced the term explanation for the position which has been studied and “Arains”: they are Indo-Europeans, carriers of the hap- described. Obviously, it is resisted by those scholars, who logroup R1a1 Y-DNA and its derivatives, i.e. for genetic find it difficult to abandon the internalised paradigm, transmission in the male line – from father to son2. For the peoples of Europe in the Bronze Age it seems reason- 1 Poles are people who consider themselves Poles, whose native language is Polish, and their ancestors lived within the 2 Analogically, for carriers of R1b – “Arbins” [cf. Kly- borders of Poland for at least four generations. osov, Tomezzoli 2013]. 12 “IDO MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”, Vol. 18, no. 4 (2018) able, and the term is perhaps better than “Proto-Aryas” in recent years. Is this vision of ancient history without or “Proto-Slavs”. In addition, the territory of today’s our ancestors not the result of a preserved slave/colo- Poland is indicated by researchers into the “excavated” nial mentality? This state has lasted since the nineteenth DNA, as the cradle of the Aryas and Slavs, and indi- century, that is, from the partitions of Poland, when the rectly the Scyths [Kowalski M. 2017: 16-58]. However, partitioning powers, and later Nazi Germany and the according to the ancient DNA found in the Andronovo Soviet Union set about of eliminating Polish pride and Sintashta-Pietrovka (2100-1800 BC) it was R1a-Z93 enhancing low national self-esteem [cf. Makuch 2013: 7]. (R1a1a1b2a2) [Allentoft et al. 2015], not the same as Tomasz Sommer [2016] in the Editorial of one of among Poles today. Only the ancestors were common. the popular weeklies wrote that the oldest history of Tomasz Grzybowski [2016] claims that Slavic Polish lands “in its academic edition, evolves extremely autochthonism, in biological continuity in Poland for slowly and lacks the tendency to overcome fossilised about 7000 years, can be confirmed on the basis of DNA paradigms. Meanwhile, the latest scientific findings and R1a1a7 Y-DNA mapping [cf. Mielnik-Sikorska et al. indicate that they are not only fossilised, but mostly 2013]. This is acknowledged by some linguists [Alinei simply untrue”. This author indicates that – in the light 2000; Alinei, Benozzo 2016]. Nobody has, however of the results of research in recent years – our ancestors stretched the dating of the beginnings of the statehood have been inhabiting the Oder, Vistula and Dnieper of Lechia back before the C19th BC. The legendary Lech basins permanently and in a compact way for at least I the Great lived between 1879 and 1729 BC, and King 3000 years, and archaeologists have already excavated Sarmat from around 1800 to 1725 BC (?). We can only 3,500 settlements in today’s Poland. This hypothesis make indirect conclusions about the existence of the omits the presence of Arains among today’s Tatars and foundations of statehood (tribal union?). If there was a other peoples of Eastern Europe and Asia (descendants king, buried in Eulau, and if there was a relatively large of Aryas and Scythians?). Their present occurrence in army (for the time) fighting at the Tollense River (C13th Central Europe is a small percentage of the population. BC), then there must have been something beyond tribal On the other hand, in what is now present-day Poland or state organisation. the numerical dominance of warriors with hg R1a1a This dispute has been going on for many years. Joa- has been in place at least since 2000 BC approximately chim Lelewel (Loelhoeffel von Lowensprung, 1786-1861, [Haarman 2016; Kowalski M. 2017: 34, 53]. historian), denounced the descriptions of the kingdom of Lechia as false. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (1757-1841, also a historian) and Tadeusz Wolanski (1785-1865, The problem of dating the chronology numismatist) recognised the authenticity of the “Chron- of individual rulers and events icle of Poland” by Archbishop Prokosz. The existence of a pre-Christian Lechian state was also confirmed by Despite the genetic and interdisciplinary studies which Prof. Czekanowski [1957]. “Lech” was the title of the have developed in recent years, the dating of individual ruler [Dlugosz 1867: 45], just as Caesar /emperor or events raises serious problems and doubts. Let us try to Charles/king. The name of the country derives from use the logical deduction method here. Lech – Lechia, Lechistan, as well as the Lechites, or Who invented the wheeled cart? The first archae- Lekhites and nobles (those from Lech). We could call ological artefact in Europe is a vase from Bronocice (a the Lechites the oldest Slavs [cf. Czekanowski 1957]. village in Lesser Poland) from about 3,500 BC depicting The old paradigm, still functioning in Polish sci- a four-wheeled cart [Nowak 2014: 21-22]. Thus, at that ence, includes, among other things, faith, in the sudden time the people living in the Polish lands were more reproduction of the Slavs (and/or the dissemination of innovative with a more advanced civilization than the language) – a kind of creatio ex nihilo. The Poles started rest of the continent. to appear politically in Europe in the tenth century Witold Manczak proved that “in the light of sta- through the baptism of Mieszko I (966) or thanks to tistical data, the original habitat of Indo-Europeans the efforts of his father. “From the C5th to the C7th, coincides with the Slavs’ habitat, that is, it was in the Slavic tribes settled in vast areas from the Dnieper in Odra and Vistula basin, between Germanic and Baltic the east, to the Elbe in the west and Lake Ladoga in the tribes; the latter were formed as a result of migration north and the Peloponnese Peninsula in the south. The to the north and contact with Finno-Ugric peoples” Polish lands were taken over by the Slavs in the second [Sobotka 2016: 24; cf. Manczak 1999: 89–144]. half of the 6th and the beginning of the 7th century” The Arains already existed in Eulau on the Elbe writes Krzysztof Ozog [2016: 14]. He also continues – “... River in around 2,700 BC [Haak et al. 2008], as evi- the Polans state was established in a short time, and it denced by the (royal?) tomb excavated there. That is, was undoubtedly organised by Siemomysl, the father of they have lived since at least about 2,700-2,600 BC in Mieszko I” [Ozog 2016: 15].
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