Head and Neck Development
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Embryology8 Dr.Ban Facial, Nasal and Palatal Development the External Human Face Develops Between the 4Th and 6Th Weeks of Embryonic Development
Embryology8 Dr.Ban Facial, nasal and palatal development The external human face develops between the 4th and 6th weeks of embryonic development. Facial swellings arise on: -Frontonasal process (2 medial nasal and 2 lateral nasal processes) -First pharyngeal arch (2 mandibular and 2 maxillary processes). By a process of merging and some localized fusion these processes come together to form the continuous surfaces of the external face. Sequence of developmental events : During the 3rd week of development an oropharyngeal membrane (buccopharyngeal ) is first seen at the site of the future face, between the primordium of the heart and the rapidly enlarging primordium of the brain. It is composed of ectoderm externally and endoderm internally. It lies at the beginning of the digestive tract and breaks down during the 4th week in order to form the opening between the future oral cavity (primitive mouth or stomodeum) and the foregut. The oropharyngeal membrane breaks down when it stops growing and it’s non-proliferating cells are gradually pulled apart 1 because they cannot fill the expanding area.The tissues around it expand very rapidly. The face develops from five primordia that appear in the fourth week: the frontonasal prominence, the two maxillary swellings, and the two mandibular swellings. The external face forms from two sources that surround the oropharyngeal membrane 1-Tissues of the frontonasal process that cover the forebrain, predominantly of neural crest origin. 2-The tissues of the first (or mandibular) pharyngeal arch, of mixed mesoderm and neural crest origin Face initially formed by 5 mesenchymal swellings ( prominences): Two mandibular prominences Two maxillary prominences Frontonasal prominence (midline structure is a single structure that is ventral to the forebrain. -
Vascular Supply to the Head and Neck
Vascular supply to the head and neck Sumamry This lesson covers the head and neck vascular supply. ReviseDental would like to thank @KIKISDENTALSERVICE for the wonderful drawings in this lesson. Arterial supply to the head Facial artery: Origin: External carotid Branches: submental a. superior and inferior labial a. lateral nasal a. angular a. Note: passes superiorly over the body of there mandible at the masseter Superficial temporal artery: Origin: External carotid Branches: It is a continuation of the ex carotid a. Note: terminal branch of the ex carotid a. and is in close relation to the auricular temporal nerve Transverse facial artery: Origin: Superficial temporal a. Note: exits the parotid gland Maxillary branch: supplies the areas missed from the above vasculature Origin: External carotid a. Branches: (to the face) infraorbital, buccal and inferior alveolar a.- mental a. Note: Terminal branch of the ex carotid a. The ophthalmic branches Origin: Internal carotid a. Branches: Supratrochlear, supraorbital, lacrimal, anterior ethmoid, dorsal nasal Note:ReviseDental.com enters orbit via the optic foramen Note: The face arterial supply anastomose freely. ReviseDental.com ReviseDental.com Venous drainage of the head Note: follow a similar pathway to the arteries Superficial vessels can communicate with deep structures e.g. cavernous sinus and the pterygoid plexus. (note: relevant for spread of infection) Head venous vessels don't have valves Supratrochlear vein Origin: forehead and communicates with the superficial temporal v. Connects: joins with supra-orbital v. Note: from the angular vein Supra-orbital vein Origin: forehead and communicates with the superficial temporal v. Connects: joins with supratrochlear v. -
Syndromes of the First and Second Branchial Arches, Part 1: Embryology and Characteristic REVIEW ARTICLE Defects
Syndromes of the First and Second Branchial Arches, Part 1: Embryology and Characteristic REVIEW ARTICLE Defects J.M. Johnson SUMMARY: A variety of congenital syndromes affecting the face occur due to defects involving the G. Moonis first and second BAs. Radiographic evaluation of craniofacial deformities is necessary to define aberrant anatomy, plan surgical procedures, and evaluate the effects of craniofacial growth and G.E. Green surgical reconstructions. High-resolution CT has proved vital in determining the nature and extent of R. Carmody these syndromes. The radiologic evaluation of syndromes of the first and second BAs should begin H.N. Burbank first by studying a series of isolated defects: CL with or without CP, micrognathia, and EAC atresia, which compose the major features of these syndromes and allow more specific diagnosis. After discussion of these defects and the associated embryology, we proceed to discuss the VCFS, PRS, ACS, TCS, Stickler syndrome, and HFM. ABBREVIATIONS: ACS ϭ auriculocondylar syndrome; BA ϭ branchial arch; CL ϭ cleft lip; CL/P ϭ cleft lip/palate; CP ϭ cleft palate; EAC ϭ external auditory canal; HFM ϭ hemifacial microsomia; MDCT ϭ multidetector CT; PRS ϭ Pierre Robin sequence; TCS ϭ Treacher Collins syndrome; VCFS ϭ velocardiofacial syndrome adiographic evaluation of craniofacial deformities is nec- major features of the syndromes of the first and second BAs. Ressary to define aberrant anatomy, plan surgical proce- Part 2 of this review discusses the syndromes and their radio- dures, and evaluate the effects of craniofacial growth and sur- graphic features: PRS, HFM, ACS, TCS, Stickler syndrome, gical reconstructions.1 The recent rapid proliferation of and VCFS. -
Comparing the Organs and Vasculature of the Head and Neck
in vivo 31 : 861-871 (2017) doi:10.21873/invivo.11140 Comparing the Organs and Vasculature of the Head and Neck in Five Murine Species MIN JAE KIM 1* , YOO YEON KIM 2* , JANET REN CHAO 3, HAE SANG PARK 1,4 , JIWON CHANG 1,4 , DAWOON OH 5, JAE JUN LEE 4,6 , TAE CHUN KANG 7, JUN-GYO SUH 2 and JUN HO LEE 1,4 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; 3School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, U.S.A.; 4Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Dongtan, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; 7Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Abstract. Background/Aim: The purpose of the present Unique morphological characteristics were demonstrated by study was to delineate the cervical and facial vascular and comparing the five species, including symmetry of the associated anatomy in five murine species, and compare common carotid origin bilaterally in the Mongolian Gerbil, them for optimal use in research studies focused on a large submandibular gland in the hamster and an enlarged understanding the pathology and treatment of diseases in buccal branch in the Guinea Pig. In reviewing the humans. Materials and Methods: The specific adult male anatomical details, this staining technique proves superior animals examined were mice (C57BL/6J), rats (F344), for direct surgical visualization and identification. -
Illustrated Review of the Embryology and Development of the Facial
REVIEW ARTICLE Illustrated Review of the Embryology and Development of the Facial Region, Part 2: Late Development of the Fetal Face and Changes in the Face from the Newborn to Adulthood P.M. Som and T.P. Naidich ABSTRACT SUMMARY: The later embryogenesis of the fetal face and the alteration in the facial structure from birth to adulthood have been reviewed. Part 3 of the review will address the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the changes described in parts 1 and 2. art 1 of this 3-part review primarily dealt with the early em- first make contact, each is completely covered by a homoge- Pbryologic development of the face and nasal cavity. Part 2 will neous epithelium. A special epithelium arises at the edge of discuss the later embryonic and fetal development of the face, and each palatal shelf, facilitating the eventual fusion of these changes in facial appearance from neonate to adulthood will be shelves. The epithelium on the nasal cavity surface of the palate reviewed. will differentiate into columnar ciliated epithelium. The epi- thelium on the oral cavity side of the palate will differentiate Formation of the Palate into stratified squamous epithelium. Between the sixth and 12th weeks, the palate is formed from 3 The 2 palatal shelves also fuse with the triangular primary pal- primordia: a midline median palatine process and paired lateral ate anteromedially to form a y-shaped fusion line. The point of palatine processes (Fig 1). In the beginning of the sixth week, fusion of the secondary palatal shelves with the primary palate is merging of the paired medial nasal processes forms the intermax- marked in the adult by the incisive foramen. -
DENT-1431: Head and Neck Anatomy 1
DENT-1431: Head and Neck Anatomy 1 DENT-1431: HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY Cuyahoga Community College Viewing: DENT-1431 : Head and Neck Anatomy Board of Trustees: 2018-01-25 Academic Term: 2018-01-16 Subject Code DENT - Dental Hygiene Course Number: 1431 Title: Head and Neck Anatomy Catalog Description: Study of structure and function of head and neck. General anatomy of the skull, related muscles, vascular and nerve supply and lymphatics of the region considered. Focus on muscles of mastication and their relationship to the temporomandibular joint; facial and trigeminal nerves and their relationship with dental injections. Discussion on spread of infection and its clinical manifestations. Credit Hour(s): 2 Lecture Hour(s): 2 Lab Hour(s): 0 Other Hour(s): 0 Requisites Prerequisite and Corequisite DENT-1300 Preventive Oral Health Services I Outcomes Course Outcome(s): Apply the foundational knowledge of anatomical landmarks and nerve innervation toward successful mastery of local anesthesia and pain management concepts and skills. Objective(s): 1. Identify on a skull, diagram, and by narrative description the bones, sutures, foramina, soft tissue and muscles of the head that are associated with dental injections. 2. Name the divisions of the Trigeminal Nerve, its exit from the cranium, branches and areas of supply. 3. Indicate the tissues anesthetized by each type of dental injection and indicate the target area and possible complications of those injections. 4. List the armamentarium necessary for dental injections and assemble/disassemble a syringe. Course Outcome(s): Utilize knowledge of head and neck examination techniques in clinical practice to differentiate between healthy conditions and possible pathologies. -
EMBRYOLOGY7 Dr.Ban A.Ghani Developmdent of External
EMBRYOLOGY7 Dr.Ban A.Ghani EMBRYOLOGY7 Dr.Ban A.Ghani Developmdent of external /Sequence of developmental During the third week of development an oropharyngeal membrane buccopharyngeal , or oral membrane) is first seen at the site of the future face, between the primordium of the heart and the rapidly enlarging primordium of the brain. It is composed of ectoderm externally and endoderm internally. It lies at the beginning of the digestive tract and breaks down during the 4th week in order to form the opening between the future oral cavity (primitive mouth or stomodeum) and the foregut. The oropharyngeal membrane breaks down when it stops growing. While tissues around it expand very rapidly, the oropharyngeal membrane’s non-proliferating cells are gradually pulled apart because they cannot fill the expanding area. The human face begins to form during the 4th week of embryonic development. By the 6th week the external face is completed. The development of the palate subdivides nasal and oral cavities. This development continues into the 12th week with completion of the soft palate. Human face during the 4th prenatal week. Around the centrally located oral pit are grouped the frontal and maxillary processes and the mandibular arch. 1 EMBRYOLOGY7 Dr.Ban A.Ghani Human face during the 5th prenatal week. The nasal pits develop and appear on the sides of the face. The frontal process now becomes the frontonasal process Human face during the 6th prenatal week. Nasal pits appear more centrally located in the medial nasal process. This is the result of growth of the lateral face, which also causes the eyes to approach the front of the face. -
Eponyms in Head and Neck Anatomy and Radiology
Pictorial Essay Eponyms in Head and Neck Anatomy and Radiology Fernando Martín Ferraro1*, Hernán Chaves2*, Federico Martín Olivera Plata3,4*, Luis Ariel Miquelini1,3*, Suresh K. Mukherji5 1 Imaging Service, Hospital Británico, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina 2 Imaging Department, Dr. Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina 3Imaging Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina 4 Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography Service, Centro Médico Deragopyan, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina 5 Radiology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA Abstract The use of eponyms in medical language is frequent. While it is commonly thought that eponyms are on their way to extinction, this is not entirely true. There is dissent between those who believe that their use should be abandoned and those who advocate that eponyms make unmemorable terms memorable, convey complex concepts and promote an interest in the history of medicine. We feel part of this second group, and our intention is to make a review of eight eponyms linked to head and neck anatomy and radiology. We believe that this approach can be useful for the education of medical students, residents and diagnostic imaging specialists. Keywords Radiology; Eponyms; Anatomy; Head and neck; History of medicine Introduction for which they are known. Eponyms are illustrated by figures of dissections, radiological images and pictures. We believe When we look up the word eponym in Spanish (epónimo) that this approach can be useful for the education of medical in the dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy, we find the students, residents and diagnostic imaging specialists. -
A New Origin for the Maxillary Jaw
Developmental Biology 276 (2004) 207–224 www.elsevier.com/locate/ydbio A new origin for the maxillary jaw Sang-Hwy Leea, Olivier Be´dardb,1, Marcela Buchtova´b, Katherine Fub, Joy M. Richmanb,* aDepartment of Oral, Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Science Research Center, Medical Science and Engineering Research Center, BK 21 Project for Medical Science, College of Dentistry Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea bDepartment of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3 Received for publication 7 April 2004, revised 5 August 2004, accepted 31 August 2004 Available online 5 October 2004 Abstract One conserved feature of craniofacial development is that the first pharyngeal arch has two components, the maxillary and mandibular, which then form the upper and lower jaws, respectively. However, until now, there have been no tests of whether the maxillary cells originate entirely within the first pharyngeal arch or whether they originate in a separate condensation, cranial to the first arch. We therefore constructed a fate map of the pharyngeal arches and environs with a series of dye injections into stage 13–17 chicken embryos. We found that from the earliest stage examined, the major contribution to the maxillary bud is from post-optic mesenchyme with a relatively minor contribution from the maxillo-mandibular cleft. Cells labeled within the first pharyngeal arch contributed exclusively to the mandibular prominence. Gene expression data showed that there were different molecular codes for the cranial and caudal maxillary prominence. Two of the genes examined, Rarb (retinoic acid receptor b) and Bmp4 (bone morphogenetic protein) were expressed in the post-optic mesenchyme and epithelium prior to formation of the maxillary prominence and then were restricted to the cranial half of the maxillary prominence. -
Histology/Head and Neck Anatomy (3 Cr.)
Revised 5/2010 NOVA COLLEGE-WIDE COURSE CONTENT SUMMARY DNH 115 - HISTOLOGY/HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY (3 CR.) Course Description This course presents a study of the microscopic and macroscopic anatomy and physiology of the head, neck, and oral tissues. This includes embryologic development and histologic components of the head, neck, teeth, and periodontium. Lecture 3 hours per week. General Course Purpose The general course purpose is to provide first year dental hygiene students in the first semester with an understanding of the basic structure, development, and functions of the oral tissues along with an overall view of body tissues in addition to a study of the anatomy and physiology of the structures of the head and neck. Course Prerequisites/Co-Requisites None Course Objectives Upon completing the course, the student will be able to: Identify basic cell structure and tissue organization. Describe the structure, location, and function of the basic tissue types of the oral cavity. Describe the structure and development of the hard and pulpal tissues of the oral cavity. Describe the structure and development of the periodontium. Describe tooth eruption and succession. Describe the histological components of the oral mucous membranes and gingival tissues. Discuss the embryology of the major structures of the tongue, pharynx, and salivary glands. Identify and describe the osseous structures of the head and neck region. Identify and describe the paranasal sinuses of the head and neck region. Identify and describe the muscles responsible of the head and neck region. Identify the major nerve supply of the head and neck region and discuss their function. -
Head and Neck Anatomy
Anatomy Head and Neck Imaging Overview Before You Begin This module, intended for pre-clinical medical students, is part of the core anatomy teaching series. There should be no prerequisite knowledge necessary for medical students to successfully review and understand this module. Many of the additional module series in our website build off a strong understanding of human anatomy as it presents in imaging. Please refer back to these anatomy modules if you ever need to review. If material is repeated from another module, it will be outlined as this text is so that you are aware Introduction • The Head and Neck includes: • Skull and Cranial Cavity • Face and Scalp • Eyes and Orbits • Ears • Nasal Cavity and Pterygopalatine Fossa • Oral Cavity and Pharynx • Larynx • Neck • In this module, we will explore basic H&N anatomy identifiable with common imaging modalities Plain Film Radiographs Head and Neck Radiographs • Utilize ionizing radiation to capture images • Material density determines the degree of X-ray attenuation, and thus, appearance: Gas (Air) Fat Soft Tissue (Water) Bone Metal Basic Osteology Overview Skull Base Osteology * Coronal Suture Dorsum sellae Anterior clinoid Sella Turcica Palatine process Mastoid of maxilla air cells Hyoid * * * Sag. suture Crista galli Frontal sinus Lesser wing Greater wing Ethmoid air cells Mastoid Inf. Turbinate Dens Mandible ____ _____ __ _ _ _ __ __ ____ _ N = nasal V = vomer Frontal M= mandible bone S = sphenoid Frontal P = parietal sinus P T = temporal S T N Z V Maxilla M Sphenoid sinus Maxillary sinuses * Lesser wing Greater Frontal process of wing zygo. bone Maxillary sinus Zygomatic arch L. -
Deh 122 Head and Neck Anatomy Head and Neck Anatomy
INSTRUCTION Course Package DEH 122 HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY PRESENTED AND APPROVED: JANUARY 10, 2013 EFFECTIVE: SPRING 2012-13 MCC Form EDU 0007 (rev. 102212) INSTRUCTION Course Package Prefix & Number DEH 122 Course Title: Head & Neck Anatomy Purpose of this submission : New Change /Updated Retire If this is a change, what is being changed? Update Prefix Course Description (Check all that apply) Title Course Number Format Change Credits Prerequisite Competencies Textbook/Reviewed Competencies-no changes needed Does this course require additional fees? No Yes If so, please explain. Dental Hygiene Program Fee Is there a similar course in the course bank? No Yes (Please identify) DEH 122 Articulation: Is this course or an equivalent offered at other two and four -year universities in Arizona? No Yes (Identify the college, subject, prefix, number and title: Is this course identified as a Writing Across the Curriculum course? No Yes Course Assessments Description of Possible Course Assessments (Essays, multiple choice, Written and practical exams, quizzes, project etc.) Exams standardized for this course? Are exams required by the department? Midterm No Yes Final If Yes, please specify: Other (Please specify): Where can faculty members locate or access the required standardized exams for this course? (Contact Person and Location) Example: NCK – Academic Chair Office Student Outcomes: Identify the general education goals for student learning that is a component of this course. Check all that apply: Method of Assessment 1. Communicate effectively. Written and practical exams, quizzes, project a. Read and comprehend at a college level. b. Write effectively in a college setting. 2. Demonstrate effective quantitative reasoning and problem solving skills.