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Histoire Et Expériences Des Métis Et Les Pensionnats Au Canada

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Histoire Et Expériences Des Métis Et Les Pensionnats Au Canada Histoire et expériences des Métis et les pensionnats au Canada Collection recherche de la Fondation autochtone de guérison © Fondation autochtone de guérison, 2006 Publié par : Fondation autochtone de guérison 75, rue Albert, pièce 801, Ottawa (Ontario) K1P 5E7 Téléphone : (613) 237-4441 Sans frais : (888) 725-8886 Télécopieur : (613) 237-4442 Courriel : [email protected] Site internet : www.ahf.ca Conception graphique et mise en page par : Fondation autochtone de guérison Impression par : Dollco Printing ISBN 1-897285-31-0 L’utilisation du nom « Fondation autochtone de guérison » et du logo de la Fondation est enterdite. La Fondation encourage cependant la reproduction du présent document à des fins non commerciales. Ce projet de recherche a été financé par la Fondation autochtone de guérison, cependant les opinions exprimées dans ce rapport sont les opinions personnelles de l’auteur ou des auteurs. This document is also available in English. Histoire et expériences des Métis et les pensionnats au Canada Préparé pour la Fondation autochtone de guérison Préparé par Larry N. Chartrand Tricia E. Logan Judy D. Daniels 2006 Table des matières INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1 LA PRÉSEncE DES MÉtiS DANS LES PENSionnATS : AnALYSE DE LA RECHErcHE .................................................................................................................................. 5 Remerciements ...........................................................................................................................................7 Sommaire ....................................................................................................................................................9 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................11 Méthodologie ...........................................................................................................................................11 Synthèse ....................................................................................................................................................12 Aperçu historique ..............................................................................................................................12 Présence de Métis dans les pensionnats : raisons sociales et politiques ......................................19 Les répercussions des pensionnats sur les Métis ...........................................................................22 Conclusion et futures recherches............................................................................................................24 Bibliographie analytique ..........................................................................................................................27 Sommaire des documents non publiés .................................................................................................44 Bibliographie non analytique ..................................................................................................................56 Annexe A : Extraits des rapports de recherche de la Commission royale sur les peuples autochtones .......................................................................................................................57 GÉNÉRAtionS PErduES : L’occultAtion DE L’EXPÉriEncE DES MÉtiS DANS LES PENSionnATS : RAPPort ProVISoirE RÉVISÉ .........................................61 Remerciements .........................................................................................................................................63 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................65 Définitions .........................................................................................................................................68 Histoire des Métis .............................................................................................................................69 Chapitre 1: Les Métis et les pensionnats : Survol historique...........................................................71 Facteurs liés à la présence des Métis dans les écoles ....................................................78 Chapitre 2 : Les expériences des élèves métis : « Nous étions des étrangers » ................................81 Chapitre 3 : L’avenir du dossier des pensionnats : Participation des Métis et répercussions intergénérationnelles ...............................................................................87 Annexe A : Sommaire des répercussions des pensionnats énumérées par les Aînés à la conférence de 1993 ...........................................................................................................91 Annexe B : Discussion générale sur les pensionnats tenue le 24 juin 2000 à la réunion régionale de la Fédération des Métis du Manitoba – Région Sud-Ouest..................93 DOULEUR ANCESTRALE : SOUVENIRS DE L’EXPÉRIENCE DES MÉTIS DANS LES PENSIONNATS .................................................................................................................................99 Remerciements ...................................................................................................................................... 101 Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 103 Qui sont les Métis ? .............................................................................................................................. 107 Brève histoire du régime des pensionnats indiens ............................................................................. 113 L’enseignement offert aux Métis au Canada et dans l’Ouest ............................................................ 119 Politique des Affaires indiennes sur l’admission des Métis .............................................................. 121 Pensionnats de Grouard, de Joussard et de Fort Vermilion ............................................................. 127 Pensionnat indien de Grouard - St. Bernard .............................................................................. 127 Fort Vermilion - Pensionnat indien de St. Henri ....................................................................... 130 Joussard - Pensionnat indien de St. Bruno .................................................................................. 130 École industrielle de St. Joseph (aussi appelée École industrielle de Dunbow) ............................. 137 Agences d’Edmonton et d’Onion Lake .............................................................................................. 141 Pensionnat indien de Blue Quills ........................................................................................................ 143 Rapport de la Commission Ewing de 1936 ....................................................................................... 147 L’éducation des Métis en Alberta – une étude de 1960 .................................................................... 149 La pédagogie dans les pensionnats indiens ........................................................................................ 153 Les compétences des enseignants ........................................................................................................ 157 La nourriture dans les pensionnats ..................................................................................................... 159 La santé dans les pensionnats .............................................................................................................. 161 Les élèves métis – des étrangers .......................................................................................................... 167 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 169 Annexe A : Histoire des Métis en Alberta ..................................................................................... 171 Annexe B : Éléments fondamentaux de la tradition métisse ........................................................ 173 Le drapeau métis ............................................................................................................................ 173 La ceinture métisse ......................................................................................................................... 174 La charrette métisse de la rivière Rouge ........................................................................................ 175 Louis « David » Riel....................................................................................................................... 176 Angélique et Marguerite Nolin : Les « demoiselles Nolin » de Rivière-Rouge ...................... 179 Annexe C : Retranscription de documents originaux ................................................................... 181 Annexe D : Écoles exploitées par la Direction des affaires indiennes – région de l’Alberta (1964) .... 187 Références bibliographiques .......................................................................................................... 189 Introduction Malgré les tentatives directes d’assimilation Malgré les pensionnats Malgré la détermination
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