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2019 Torit Multi-Sector Household Survey Report

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2019 Torit Multi-Sector Household Survey Report 2019 Torit Multi-Sector Household Survey Report February 2019 Contents RECENT OVERALL TRENDS and BASIC RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 4 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. 6 TORIT DASHBOARD ..................................................................................................................................... 7 COMMUNITY CONSOLE ............................................................................................................................ 10 I. PURPOSE, METHODOLOGY and SCOPE ............................................................................................. 11 PEOPLE WELFARE ...................................................................................................................................... 15 1. LIVELIHOOD ....................................................................................................................................... 15 2. MAIN PROBLEMS and RESILIENCE (COPING CAPACITY) ................................................................... 17 3. FOOD SECURITY................................................................................................................................. 19 4. HEALTH .............................................................................................................................................. 22 5. HYGIENE ............................................................................................................................................ 25 6. EDUCATION ....................................................................................................................................... 26 7. PROTECTION and GENDER ................................................................................................................ 28 ECONOMY ................................................................................................................................................. 33 8. AGRICULTURE.................................................................................................................................... 33 9. LIVESTOCK FARMING ........................................................................................................................ 44 10. ACCESS TO CONSUMER MARKETS, OTHER EXCHANGES and EXPENDITURES ................................ 47 11. PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, ENERGY and NON-FOOD ITEMS .................................................................. 50 12. HUMANITARIAN & DEVELOPMENT AID .......................................................................................... 51 PEACE and PARTECIPATION ...................................................................................................................... 54 13. NATURAL RESOURCES RELATED DISPUTES ..................................................................................... 54 14. SAFETY and CRIMES ........................................................................................................................ 56 15. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION and LOCAL GOVERNANCE .............................................................. 57 16. MIGRATION and IDPs ...................................................................................................................... 60 APPENDIX 1 – Poverty profiling ............................................................................................................ 63 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This report was made possible thanks to the kind contribution of the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation and the Food Agency Organization Author: Bruno Nazim Baroni (AVSI Foundation Head of Monitoring and Quality Assurance) with the support of Luca Scarpa (AVSI Foundation Country Representative) Kuti Elizabeth and Papa John Martin (survey managers and lead enumerators) AVSI Foundation, South Sudan Acronyms ASARECA Association on Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa CIALCA Consortium for Improving Agriculture-based Livelihoods in Central Africa CRM Crude Mortality Rate FCS Food Consumption Score FSNMS Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System HHS Household Hunger Scale HHs Households IDPs Internally Displaced Peoples IPC Integrated Phase Food Security Classification IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding MICS Multi Indicator Cluster Survey NFI Non-Food Item PPS Probability proportional to population - RRC (Relief and Rehabilitation Commission) ECONOMY 4 RECENT OVERALL TRENDS and BASIC RECOMMENDATIONS At the beginning of February 2019, the overall food security condition of Torit’s families classified as one of a mild crisis (IPC phase 3). Overall, 24% of households were in a condition of “moderate hunger” as for the Household Hunger Scale (HHS); Likewise, the number of meals averagely consumed daily was around 2.7. Much more alarmingly, 21% of households reported a “poor” Food consumption Score (FCS), and 37% a “borderline” FCS, a result that suggests an unbalanced diet, poor in nutritious food. Together, these figures describe a situation of vulnerable food security conditions: even right after harvest season around one-fifth of families in Torit County had to deal with food sacristy, while only half of the population had access to a varied and nutrient diet. Looking at the food conditions at the payam level (sub-county), it is worth noticing that three out of the nine payams comprising Torit county face rather dire conditions, which suggest an emergency situation: in Lowoi, Ifwotu and Imurok around 40% of families are in a condition of poor Food Consumption Score (FCS). Once again, the most alarming aspect it is the fact that going forward into the lean season the outlook for those communities is expected to worsen. With regard to the overall context, compared to one year ago, improved security conditions are reported unanimously across Torit – albeit crime against property continues to affect most communities, and each community faces significant and entrenched problems. In particular, In Hiyalla and Bur thefts of livestock is a real concern, Lowoi and Kudo are afflicted by the abduction of children, in Himodonge the unregulated cutting of trees, which the county administration is not attempting to mitigate, is a major concern. In Ifwotu crimes are common also as a result of quarrels related to land property rights, and in Imurok insecurity still induces people to leave. However, compared to one year before, improved security conditions are unanimously reported. Human dislocation is minimal, as the number of people leaving Torit county in 2018 matched the number of people moving in; a portion of these influx of people, around 2500 individuals, was comprised by returnees who previously lived in refugee camps abroad. Human displacement, with the partial exception of Imurok, is also low, the majority of people arriving to Torit being from nearby communities relocating voluntary. Still, although an estimated 2,500 returnees have come back from refugee camps during 2018, there is still a considerable portion of families who report having relatives in refugee camps, a sign that more is needed for a full return to “normality”. Overall, Torit county needs to receive greater and more adequate support. The use of tractors or ox- ploughs should obviously be fostered, to make it available to the 99% of the population who do not currently use them. The inadequate humanitarian support, conversely, is revealed by the marked gap existing between the town and its neighboring communities in terms of access to social services, mainly education and healthcare. The level of insecurity that had affected this county in 2016/2017 certainly contributed greatly to this outcome. The improvement of security conditions should be regarded as an opportunity to sophisticate development-oriented projects and extending humanitarian assistance to communities outside Torit Town, with a special attention to sustaining the recovery of Ifwotu. ECONOMY 5 BACKGROUND Torit County shows sign of an incipient urban setting, whereby market-related dynamics are discernible (farmers investing in agricultural inputs or hiring casual workers are markedly well off) and informal safety nets, common in the villages, play a smaller role (families with fewer income sources, like those with elderly members or single-parent households, are distinctly worse off). Even the requests coming from families – better education, peace promotion and improved health services – mirrors the expectations of urban settlers. Notwithstanding, such dynamics are still incipient and feeble, as witnessed by the fact that only half of the population obtains cash as a result of their occupation, while families that resort to bartering seem to do better than those selling to the market. The same is suggested by the little sensibility to problems related to the protection of women and children. Overall, Torit can be regarded as a stratified community, where few well-off farmers engaged in commercial farming live side by side with many worse-off smallholder farmers (approximately 50% of farmers cultivates less than 1 hectare of land), that are likely to have no access to common land and/or have no animals to heard. Likewise, with farmer groups supported with basic agricultural inputs (largely in a state of food insecurity) in Torit there are farmers engaged in seed selection with the support of extension workers (seed multiplication groups,
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