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Situation Overview: Central and Eastern Equatoria States, South Sudan April- June 2019

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Situation Overview: Central and Eastern Equatoria States, South Sudan April- June 2019 Introduction Map 1: REACH assessment coverage of Central and Eastern Equatoria States, April (A), May (B) METHODOLOGY and June 2019 (C). In the second quarter of 2019, the humanitarian To provide an overview of the situation in hard- (A) (B) crisis in Central and Eastern Equatoria States to-reach areas of Central and Eastern Equatoria continued. Many areas in the region are largely States, REACH uses primary data from key unassessed by humanitarian actors due to informants who have recently arrived from, access and resource constraints. As a result, recently visited, or receive regular information only limited information is available on the from a settlement or “Area of Knowledge” (C) (AoK). Information for this report was collected humanitarian situation outside of a few large ©OpenStreetMap ©OpenStreetMap 0 - 4.9% directly from key informants in Kapoeta town, towns and displacement sites. 5 - 10% 11 - 20% and remotely with phone call interviews from To inform humanitarian actors working outside 21 - 50% Juba in April, May and June 2019. formal settlement sites, REACH has conducted 51 - 100% In-depth interviews on humanitarian needs Assessed settlement assessments of hard-to-reach areas in South were conducted throughout the month using Sudan since December 2015. Data is collected • Access to food remained low, with only 11%©OpenStreetMap humanitarian needs and access to services. a structured survey tool. After data collection on a monthly basis through interviews with of assessed settlements reporting adequate was completed, all data was aggregated at • Access to durable shelter varied by settlement level, and settlements were assigned key informants with knowledge of a settlement access to food. Localised insecurity, drought, population. The proportion of assessed the modal or most credible response. When no and triangulated with focus group discussions the high prices of staples, and the onset settlements reporting host community use consensus could be found for a settlement, that (FGDs). This Situation Overview uses this data of the lean season for parts of the region of permanent structures for shelter remained settlement was not included in reporting. to analyse changes in observed humanitarian have further stretched the resources of high, but 28% of assessed settlements with Only counties with interview coverage of at needs across Central and Eastern Equatoria already stressed households. Despite this, 1 IDPs reported the main shelter type for IDPs least 5% of all settlements in a given month States in the second quarter of 2019. there were slight improvements in Yei River to be temporary forms of shelter.7 were included in analysis. Due to access and County, and also in Greater Kapoeta5 where operational constraints, the specific settlements Key Findings 2 counties were upgraded from IPC Phase • Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) assessed within each county each month vary. and health needs remained high, particularly In order to reduce the likelihood that variations • Cross-border displacement due to food 4 (emergency) to IPC phase 3 (crisis) in the 6 in Greater Kapoeta, where poor access to in data are attributable to coverage differences, insecurity and drought continued this May 2019 IPC update. latrines, safe boreholes and health facilities over time analyses were only conducted for quarter. However, the proportion of assessed • Perceived protection improved across the 2 combined to increase the risk of waterborne counties with at least 70% consistent payam settlements reporting the presence of region, in particular around Yei River County, coverage over the period. Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) reduced in-line with a generally improved security # of key informant interviews conducted: 541 Quantitative findings were triangulated with slightly from 48% to 35% between March and situation. However, localised intercommunal # of assessed settlements: 499 FGDs and secondary sources. June, partly associated with a widely reported violence and cattle raiding in the pastoral # of counties covered: 9/14 More details of the methodology can be found improved security situation in Central areas of Greater Kapoeta and Terekeka # of focus group discussions conducted: 3 in the AoK ToRs. Equatoria.3 4 continued to have a negative impact on 1 To calculate the percentage of AoK coverage, the total number of settlements per first two months of quarter 1 (Budi, Juba, and Kapoeta East), and have not been included in quarter trend analysis. county is based on OCHA settlement lists in addition to new settlements mapped by 4 Situation in South Sudan - Report of the Secretary-General, 24th June 2019 (S/2019/491) KIs reached each month. 5 Greater Kapoeta consists of Budi, Kapoeta North, Kapoeta South, and Kapoeta East counties. 2 “Payam” refers to the administrative unit below the county level. 6 Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Acute Food Insecurity & Acute Malnutrition Analysis, 14th June 2019 3 All counties assessed in June 2019 met the 70% threshold for trend analysis with 7 Temporary forms of shelter include tent, rakooba, improvised shelter, and abandoned buildings. March 2019. Three counties assessed in quarter 2 did not meet 5% coverage in the disease. Map 2: Displacement patterns across Central and Eastern Equatoria States, April - June 2019. • Access to education services remained consistent with the previous quarter, at 65% of assessed settlements. High fees were reported as a major barrier for both boys’ and Terekeka girls’ attendance, consistent with reported Terakeka reduced availability of cash for non-food Lafon Kapoeta expenditure due to increases in market prices. Roon North ari Kapoeta East Riwoto Juba Population Movement and Imehejek Displacement Juba Kapoeta Narus! Since September 2018, there has been a Budi Lainya ! Lainya Torit Torit general increase in refugee returns to South Chukudum Yei Yei Magwi Ikotos Sudan, with a particular increase recorded since enya Ikotos 8 9 Kajo Keji February of this year. In Central and Eastern ! Magwi Mixed permanent and temporary returns (refugees) Kajo-keji ageri emocratic Morobo Displacement caused by lack of food or services Equatoria States, the proportion of assessed Repulic of Congo settlements reporting refugee returns in June Displacement caused by insecurity Daily crossborder movement was 24%, comparable with March (25%) despite ganda the onset of the rainy season and associated limited mobility due to poor road infrastructure.10 However, between April and June, reported settlements reporting the presence of IDPs Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda into IDP returns were considerably higher in the during the second quarter of 2019, at 35% Central Equatoria reporting they intended to Only 21% of assessed settlements reported maize and sorghum producing counties of for June, down from 48% in March. Internal stay short-term, to buy goods, access services, IDP returnees in June, similar to 30% in March. the agricultural belt,11 with 55% of assessed displacements were reportedly caused by and visit family members.12 Persistent food settlements reporting IDP returns in April at persistent food insecurity and an associated insecurity continued to prompt outflows from Figure 1: Proportion of assessed settlements the peak of the cultivation season, compared spike in intercommunal fighting and cattle Central Equatoria to Uganda and the DRC, and reporting IDP presence, June 2019 to 20% in June. This suggests IDPs have been raiding in Terekeka County and some areas of caused an internal displacement of people from temporarily returning to cultivate their land Greater Kapoeta and Torit County. Terekeka County into Awerial County in late 35% Yes 13 before moving back to host communities where Central Equatoria June 2019. 65% No food might be more accessible during the lean In the previous quarter, displacement was season, indicating cautious optimism about the Central Equatoria saw an overall reduction reported from Yei River County into the DRC security situation and perhaps foreshadowing in the proportion of assessed settlements 35+65+t following a spike in insecurity.14 Secondary Figure 2: Proportion of assessed settlements an increase in permanent returns once the reporting IDP presence over the quarter, from data indicates a small number of violations reporting refugee returnee presence, June 2019 harvests come in next quarter. 73% in March to 43% in June, consistent with against civilians continued in Yei into April, but a generally improved security situation. Levels Consistent with a relatively calmer security overall the proportion of assessed settlements 24% Yes of self-reported returns into the state remained situation across parts of the region, there was in Yei reporting incidents of fatal conflict 76% No low, with the majority of households assessed a slight decrease in the proportion of assessed reduced to 0% throughout this quarter, and crossing the border from the Democratic 21+79+t + 8 REACH South Sudan Cross-border Population Movement Dynamics Brief, April 10 During this quarter and last quarter REACH did not achieve data coverage 12 IOM DTM Flow Monitoring Registry, 12th July 2019 2 2019 for Morobo, a primary destination for those returning from Uganda and DRC. 13 FGD Dor, Awerial County, July 2019 9 UNHCR Overview of Spontaneous Refugee Returns, 31st May 2019. 11 Budi, Juba, Magwi, Torit, and Yei counties 14 UNHCR, Thousands fleeing new violence
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