DOCSLIB.ORG

Symptoms and Causes: Insecurity and Underdevelopment in Eastern

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Symptoms and Causes: Insecurity and Underdevelopment in Eastern sudanHuman Security Baseline Assessment issue brief Small Arms Survey Number 16 April 2010 Symptoms and causes Insecurity and underdevelopment in Eastern Equatoria astern Equatoria state (EES) is The survey was supplemented by qual- 24,789 (± 965) households in the one of the most volatile and itative interviews and focus group three counties contain at least one E conflict-prone states in South- discussions with key stakeholders in firearm. ern Sudan. An epicentre of the civil EES and Juba in January 2010. Respondents cited traditional lead- war (1983–2005), EES saw intense Key findings include: ers (clan elders and village chiefs) fighting between the Sudanese Armed as the primary security providers Across the entire sample, respond- Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People’s in their areas (90 per cent), followed ents ranked education and access Liberation Army (SPLA), as well by neighbours (48 per cent) and reli- to adequate health care as their numerous armed groups supported gious leaders (38 per cent). Police most pressing concerns, followed by both sides, leaving behind a legacy presence was only cited by 27 per by clean water. Food was also a top of landmines and unexploded ordnance, cent of respondents and the SPLA concern in Torit and Ikotos. Security high numbers of weapons in civilian by even fewer (6 per cent). ranked at or near the bottom of hands, and shattered social and com- Attitudes towards disarmament overall concerns in all counties. munity relations. were positive, with around 68 per When asked about their greatest EES has also experienced chronic cent of the total sample reporting a security concerns, respondents in food insecurity, a lack of basic services, willingness to give up their firearms, Torit and Ikotos cited cattle rustling, and few economic opportunities. Cattle and 63 per cent anticipating that natural threats (primarily drought), rustling, armed robbery, and banditry disarmament would significantly and instability arising from armed are endemic. With little or no official increase security in their area. groups. Magwi county residents security presence in many areas of the However, attitudes vary consider- expressed concern about disputes state, protracted cycles of revenge ably depending on local perceptions over natural resources, followed by attacks over natural resources, and of security. land in particular, are common. The natural threats. Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), Killings—including spontaneous, which ended the civil war, did not intentional, and revenge killings— Context result in a tangible peace dividend for accounted for 40 per cent of all most EES communities; in fact, the crimes reported in the last 12 Located in the south-eastern corner of return of war-era refugees to ancestral months. Based on weighted data, Southern Sudan, EES shares borders villages and the recent arrival of inter- an estimated 5,587 households with Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda nally displaced persons (IDPs) from (± 470) in three counties experi- (see Map). Like the communities across other parts of Sudan have exacerbated enced one killing over the period. those borders, EES is populated pri- tensions over land and resources. The most frequently reported marily by agro-pastoralists who have To assess perceptions of develop- weapon used to commit a crime— long suffered from a range of devel- ment, governance, and security chal- including killings—was the AK-47 opment and governance problems, lenges in EES, the Small Arms Survey or other automatic rifle. However, including ‘a lack of basic services, and Danish Demining Group under- an equal percentage of crimes— unreliable water supplies, poor lead- took a household survey of almost including killings—were committed ership, depressed local economies, 2,400 households in Torit, Magwi, and with no weapon at all. insufficient responses to drought, Ikotos counties in November and Almost 40 per cent (38 per cent) of widespread poverty, and extremely December 2009.1 The survey gauged all surveyed households reported poor health and education’.3 Within respondent views on pressing security firearm ownership, with much the East and Horn of Africa region, and development issues, with a particu- higher rates in Ikotos (63 per cent) EES is noticeably prone to conflict, lar focus on armed violence; victims and Torit households (53 per cent) which is exacerbated by a culture of and perpetrators; motivations; weapons; than in Magwi (15 per cent). Based cattle rustling and widespread access disarmament; and security providers.2 on these responses, an estimated to and use of firearms.4 Governments www.smallarmssurveysudan.org 1 Eastern Equatoria State E Bor T Khartoum JONGLEI H I SU DA N O P W SUD AN h I i t e A N i l e K a p o e t a N o r t h K a p o e t a L a f o n E a s t CENTRAL EAS T E R N EQ UA T ORI A EQUUAATTOORIA Lafon Kapoeta Juba Kapoeta South Ilemi Triangle (disputed territory) Narus To r i t B u d i A Surveyed counties Torit Y International boundary Chukudum N State boundary Magwi Palataka E County boundary Gilo Ikotos M a g w i Upper Main roads Talanga I k o t o s K Pageri Parajok State capital Loa A Main towns NimNimuleule D 0 km 50 Other towns U G A N have periodically attempted to ‘pacify’ militarizing pastoralists and increas- was not possible to sample from every these marginalized communities using ing their reliance on weapons in inter- county; Magwi, Torit, and Ikotos coun- aggressive, militarized tactics—includ- communal conflicts. ties were considered representative of ing forcible disarmament—generally EES was also deeply affected by the south-western region of the state. without addressing underlying griev- the presence of the notorious Ugandan In this study, 2,392 households were ances or improving access to services. rebel group the Lord’s Resistance Army surveyed, with one individual queried Livelihoods in EES consist of sub- (LRA). The LRA entered Sudan in per household. The sample included sistence agriculture (mainly sorghum 1991 and by 1994 was an organized 1,186 men and 1,201 women, achieving and millet) and livestock, and to a lesser proxy force on the government side intended gender parity between the extent fishing, natural resource exploi- against the SPLA and its allies. Its ages of 14 and 98. Respondents came tation, and mining and trade.5 Very few brutal operations isolated the region from the Latuka (30 per cent), Acholi alternative opportunities exist. The from humanitarian assistance; thou- (23 per cent), Madi (21 per cent), Lango region is beset by chronic insecurity, sands fled the force’s almost daily (20 per cent), and other clans (6 per a lack of tenure rights, a total lack of ambushes and abductions, often of cent). The survey methodology and infrastructure, and the absence of a children.8 For part of the latter phase sampling frame is outlined in Box 1. legal framework or institutions to en- of the civil war, the LRA effectively The survey reveals that sources of courage investment. Among the vast controlled Magwi county, among other insecurity and violent conflict in the majority of the population, chronic areas, and terrorized its communities.9 three counties are multi-faceted and poverty is the norm.6 The effect of the LRA’s domination complex. Respondents reported wide- The state is also home to a number differentiates Magwi from both Torit ly different causes, frequencies, and of IDPs and a large number of returnees and Ikotos. types of violent crimes. In particular, who had fled the violence and insecu- there were clear distinctions between rity of the civil war. It experienced Magwi’s security environment and regular aerial bombardments, attacks those of Torit and Ikotos. For this reason, by ground forces, and protracted fight- About the survey Magwi is considered separately. ing not only between the SAF and the In November and December 2009, SPLA, but also involving armed mili- the Small Arms Survey and Danish tia, such as the Equatorian Defence Demining Group undertook a house- Crime and violence in Torit Forces (EDF), EDF II, Boya Forces, hold survey to gauge community per- Didinga Forces, Lafon Forces, and spectives on pressing security and and Ikotos Toposa and Mundari militias.7 Arms development concerns.10 Due to EES’s Almost one-third of both Torit (28 per from both armies flowed to the region, large area, covering over 85,000 km2, it cent) and Ikotos (31 per cent) house- 2 Sudan Issue Brief Number 16 April 2010 Box 1 Survey methodology and analysis hold members reported incidents of crime and armed violence against one Sampling of their household members in the last Data from the Southern Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (SSRRC) and UN planning figures pro- 12 months. Killings—including spon- duced a population of 354,215 in the counties of Torit, Ikotos, and Magwi, composed of 64,520 households taneous, intentional, and revenge killings—were the most commonly with an average of 5.49 members. Magwi county contained an estimated 30,934 households (48 per cent of reported crime across all counties sur- the entire sample), Torit county 18,168 households (28 per cent), and Ikotos 15,418 households (24 per cent). veyed, accounting for 42 per cent of Using a confidence level of 95 per cent and a confidence interval of 2, two-staged sample size calculations all reported crimes in Torit and 47 per yielded a sample size of 2,315 households. cent in Ikotos (see Figure 1). Assault, Populations were grouped according to socio-economic status, experience of violent events, and ethnic beating, fighting, and shooting (com- membership. Ethnicity was defined according to tribal (clan) membership and language spoken.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cholera in South Sudan Situation Report # 95 As at 23:59 Hours, 29 September to 5 October 2014
    Republic of South Sudan Cholera in South Sudan Situation Report # 95 as at 23:59 Hours, 29 September to 5 October 2014 Situation Update As of 5 October 2014, a total of 6,139 cholera cases including 139 deaths (CFR 2%) had been reportedTable 1. Summary in South of Suda choleran as cases summarizedreported in in Juba Tables County 1 and, 23 2.April – 5 October 2014 New New New deaths Total cases Total Total admisions discharges Total Total cases Reporting Sites 29 Sept to currently facility community Total cases 29 Sept to 29 Sept to deaths discharged 5 Oct 2014 admitted deaths deaths 5 Oct 2014 5 Oct 2014 JTH CTC 0 0 0 0 16 0 16 1466 1482 Gurei CTC (changed to ORP) Closed 28 July 2 0 2 365 367 Tongping CTC 0 2 1 3 69 72 Closed August Jube 3/UN House CTC Closed August 0 0 0 0 97 97 Nyakuron West CTC Closed 15 July 0 0 0 18 18 Gumbo CTC Closed 5 July 0 0 0 48 48 Nyakuron ORP Closed 5 July 0 0 0 20 20 Munuki ORP Closed 5 July 0 0 0 8 8 Gumbo ORP Closed 15 July 0 3 3 67 70 Pager PHCU 0 0 0 0 1 5 6 42 48 Other sites 0 0 0 1 15 16 1 17 Total 0 0 0 0 22 24 46 2201 2247 N.B. To prevent double counting of patients, transferred cases from ORPs to CTCs are not counted in the ORPs. Table 2: Summary of cholera cases reported outside Juba County, 23 April – 5 October 2014 New New New Total cases Total Total admisions discharges deaths Total Total cases Total States Reporting Sites currently facility community 29 Sept to 29 Sept to 29 Sep to deaths discharged cases admitted deaths deaths 5 Oct 2014 5 Oct 2014 5 Oct 14 Kajo-Keji civil hospital 0 0 0 0
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict and Crisis in South Sudan's Equatoria
    SPECIAL REPORT NO. 493 | APRIL 2021 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org Conflict and Crisis in South Sudan’s Equatoria By Alan Boswell Contents Introduction ...................................3 Descent into War ..........................4 Key Actors and Interests ............ 9 Conclusion and Recommendations ...................... 16 Thomas Cirillo, leader of the Equatoria-based National Salvation Front militia, addresses the media in Rome on November 2, 2019. (Photo by Andrew Medichini/AP) Summary • In 2016, South Sudan’s war expand- Equatorians—a collection of diverse South Sudan’s transitional period. ed explosively into the country’s minority ethnic groups—are fighting • On a national level, conflict resolu- southern region, Equatoria, trig- for more autonomy, local or regional, tion should pursue shared sover- gering a major refugee crisis. Even and a remedy to what is perceived eignty among South Sudan’s con- after the 2018 peace deal, parts of as (primarily) Dinka hegemony. stituencies and regions, beyond Equatoria continue to be active hot • Equatorian elites lack the external power sharing among elites. To spots for national conflict. support to viably pursue their ob- resolve underlying grievances, the • The war in Equatoria does not fit jectives through violence. The gov- political process should be expand- neatly into the simplified narratives ernment in Juba, meanwhile, lacks ed to include consultations with of South Sudan’s war as a power the capacity and local legitimacy to local community leaders. The con- struggle for the center; nor will it be definitively stamp out the rebellion. stitutional reform process of South addressed by peacebuilding strate- Both sides should pursue a nego- Sudan’s current transitional period gies built off those precepts.
    [Show full text]
  • Figure 1. Southern Sudan's Protected Areas
    United Nations Development Programme Country: Sudan PROJECT DOCUMENT Launching Protected Area Network Management and Building Capacity in Post-conflict Project Title: Southern Sudan By end of 2012, poverty especially among vulnerable groups is reduced and equitable UNDAF economic growth is increased through improvements in livelihoods, food security, decent Outcome(s): employment opportunities, sustainable natural resource management and self reliance; UNDP Strategic Plan Environment and Sustainable Development Primary Outcome: Catalyzing access to environmental finance UNDP Strategic Plan Secondary Outcome: Mainstreaming environment and energy Expected CP Outcome(s): Strengthened capacity of national, sub-national, state and local institutions and communities to manage the environment and natural disasters to reduce conflict over natural resources Expected CPAP Output(s) 1. National and sub-national, state and local institutions and communities capacities for effective environmental governance, natural resources management, conflict and disaster risk reduction enhanced. 2. Comprehensive strategic frameworks developed at national and sub-national levels regarding environment and natural resource management Executing Entity/Implementing Partner: NGO Execution Modality – WCS in cooperation with the Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism of the Government of Southern Sudan (MWCT-GoSS) Implementing Entity/Responsible Partners: United Nations Development Programme Brief Description The current situation Despite the 1983 to 2005 civil war, many areas of Southern Sudan still contain areas of globally significant habitats and wildlife populations. For example, Southern Sudan contains one of the largest untouched savannah and woodland ecosystems remaining in Africa as well as the Sudd, the largest wetland in Africa, of inestimable value to the flow of the River Nile, the protection of endemic species and support of local livelihoods.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Torit Multi-Sector Household Survey Report
    2019 Torit Multi-Sector Household Survey Report February 2019 Contents RECENT OVERALL TRENDS and BASIC RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 4 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. 6 TORIT DASHBOARD ..................................................................................................................................... 7 COMMUNITY CONSOLE ............................................................................................................................ 10 I. PURPOSE, METHODOLOGY and SCOPE ............................................................................................. 11 PEOPLE WELFARE ...................................................................................................................................... 15 1. LIVELIHOOD ....................................................................................................................................... 15 2. MAIN PROBLEMS and RESILIENCE (COPING CAPACITY) ................................................................... 17 3. FOOD SECURITY................................................................................................................................. 19 4. HEALTH .............................................................................................................................................. 22 5. HYGIENE ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cholera Situation Analysis and Hotspot Mapping in South Sudan
    GTFCC Meeting for the Working Groups on CHOLERA SITUATION ANALYSIS Surveillance AND HOTSPOT MAPPING IN (Epidemiology and Laboratory) (15th to 17th SOUTH SUDAN March 2019) BACKGROUN D 1. South Sudan borders Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, DR Congo, & CAR 2. Got independence in 2011 3. Protracted Grade 3 crisis since 2013 (situation improving since Sept 2018) 4. Severe food insecurity – 7.1million (63% of population) – 45,000 faced with famine 5. 1.87 million IDPs & 2.27million refugees to neighboring countries 1. Multisectoral taskforce in place chaired by MoH with the other sectors (Water & COORDINATION OF Humanitarian Affairs) and partners (Health + WASH) CHOLERA CONTROL clusters as members 2. Draft National Cholera Control Plan pending WASH assessment & stakeholder review/costing 3. Implemented preventive OCV campaigns since 2017 (2.9 million doses approved 27/Mar/2019) 4. Sub-optimal involvement of other sectors and WASH in OCV preventive campaigns CHOLERA IN SOUTH 1. South Sudan endemic for SUDANcholera 2. Since the 2013 crisis onset – cholera outbreaks – 2014 - 2017 3. Between 2014-2017 at least 28,676 cases & 644 deaths reported 4. All outbreaks started in Juba 5. Cases reported along River Nile, cattle camps, IDPs, islands, & Commercial hubs 1600 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2014 s e s a 1200 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2014 s c e f s a o 2014 c f r 800 o 2014 e 1000 r e b b m 400 m CHOLERA IN u u N N 0 0 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 Week of onset Week of onset 1900 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2015 s e s SOUTH a c 1600 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2015 f o s r 900 e e 2015 b s m a 1200 u c N f o -100 r 800 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 SUDAN e 2015 Week of onset b m 400 u Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2016 s N e 1600 s a 0 c f 1200 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Humanitarian Response Plan South Sudan
    HUMANITARIAN HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMME CYCLE 2021 RESPONSE PLAN ISSUED MARCH 2021 SOUTH SUDAN 01 About This document is consolidated by OCHA on behalf of the Humanitarian Country Team and partners. The Humanitarian Response Plan is a presentation of the coordinated, strategic response devised by humanitarian agencies in order to meet the acute needs of people affected by the crisis. It is based on, and responds to, evidence of needs described in the Humanitarian Needs Overview. Manyo Renk Renk SUDAN Kaka Melut Melut Maban Fashoda Riangnhom Bunj Oriny UPPER NILE Abyei region Pariang Panyikang Malakal Abiemnhom Tonga Malakal Baliet Aweil East Abiemnom Rubkona Aweil North Guit Baliet Dajo Gok-Machar War-Awar Twic Mayom Atar 2 Longochuk Bentiu Guit Mayom Old Fangak Aweil West Turalei Canal/Pigi Gogrial East Fangak Aweil Gogrial Luakpiny/Nasir Maiwut Aweil West UNITY Yomding Raja NORTHERN South Gogrial Koch Nyirol Nasir Maiwut Raja BAHR EL Bar Mayen Koch Ulang Kuajok WARRAP Leer Lunyaker Ayod GHAAL Tonj North Mayendit Ayod Aweil Centre Waat Mayendit Leer Uror Warrap Romic ETHIOPIA Yuai Tonj East WESTERN BAHR Nyal Duk Fadiat Akobo Wau Maper JONGLEI CENTRAL EL GHAAL Panyijiar Duk Akobo Kuajiena Rumbek North AFRICAN Wau Tonj Pochalla Jur River Cueibet REPUBLIC Tonj Rumbek Kongor Pochala South Cueibet Centre Yirol East Twic East Rumbek Adior Pibor Rumbek East Nagero Wullu Akot Yirol Bor South Tambura Yirol West Nagero LAKES Awerial Pibor Bor Boma Wulu Mvolo Awerial Mvolo Tambura Terekeka Kapoeta International boundary WESTERN Terekeka North Mundri
    [Show full text]
  • Linkages-Success-Stories-South-Sudan
    JULY 2016 SUCCESS STORY Success on Several Levels in South Sudan In South Sudan, obtaining HIV care and treatment is difficult for people living with HIV. Only 10 percent of those eligible are currently enrolled on antiretroviral therapy (ART). But for one key population — female sex workers (FSWs) — the barriers to comprehensive HIV care and treatment are particularly daunting. Many sex workers cannot afford to lose income while waiting for services at overburdened hospitals. And those who do seek care often find providers are reluctant to serve them because of the stigma associated with sex work. Recruiting and retaining FSWs and other key populations (KPs) into the HIV cascade of services is a complex issue that demands a response at many levels. In South Sudan, LINKAGES is helping to generate a demand for services, improve access to KP-friendly services, and create a policy environment that is more conducive to the health rights of key populations. GENERATING DEMAND FOR SERVICES The justified mistrust that FSWs have for the health care system keeps many from seeking the services they need. Peer education and outreach is a critical component of engaging KPs in the HIV cascade. LINKAGES South Sudan conducted a mapping exercise to identify hotspots (or key locations) where sex work takes place. From these locations, 65 FSWs were identified and trained as peer educators to lead participatory education sessions among their peers. The sessions are designed to motivate FSWs to adopt healthy behaviors and develop the skills to do so. The sessions cover topics like condom use, regular screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), periodic testing for HIV, and enrollment into care and treatment services for those living with HIV.
    [Show full text]
  • Magwi County
    Resettlement, Resource Conflicts, Livelihood Revival and Reintegration in South Sudan A study of the processes and institutional issues at the local level in Magwi County by N. Shanmugaratnam Noragric Department of International Environment and Development No. Report Noragric Studies 5 8 RESETTLEMENT, RESOURCE CONFLICTS, LIVELIHOOD REVIVAL AND REINTEGRATION IN SOUTH SUDAN A study of the processes and institutional issues at the local level in Magwi County By N. Shanmugaratnam Noragric Report No. 58 December 2010 Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric Norwegian University of Life Sciences, UMB Noragric is the Department of International Environment and Development Studies at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB). Noragric’s activities include research, education and assignments, focusing particularly, but not exclusively, on developing countries and countries with economies in transition. Noragric Reports present findings from various studies and assignments, including programme appraisals and evaluations. This Noragric Report was commissioned by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) under the framework agreement with UMB which is administrated by Noragric. Extracts from this publication may only be reproduced after prior consultation with the employer of the assignment (Norad) and with the consultant team leader (Noragric). The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this publication are entirely those of the authors and cannot be attributed directly to the Department of International Environment and Development Studies (UMB/Noragric). Shanmugaratnam, N. Resettlement, resource conflicts, livelihood revival and reintegration in South Sudan: A study of the processes and institutional issues at the local level in Magwi County. Noragric Report No. 58 (December 2010) Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB) P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossing Lines: “Magnets” and Mobility Among Southern Sudanese
    “Magnets” andMobilityamongSouthernSudanese Crossing Lines United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment Agency for United States Contract No. HNE-I-00-00-00038-00 BEPS Basic Education and Policy Support (BEPS) Activity CREATIVE ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONAL INC In collaboration with CARE, THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, AND GROUNDWORK Crossing Lines “Magnets” and Mobility among Southern Sudanese A final report of two assessment trips examining the impact and broader implications of a new teacher training center in the Kakuma refugee camps, Kenya Prepared by: Marc Sommers Youth at Risk Specialist, CARE Basic Education and Policy Support Activity (BEPS) CARE, Inc. 151 Ellis Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30303-2439 and Creative Associates International, Inc. 5301 Wisconsin Avenue, NW Suite 700 Washington, DC 20015 Prepared for: Basic Education and Policy Support (BEPS) Activity US Agency for International Development Contract No. HNE-I-00-00-00038-00 Creative Associates International, Inc., Prime Contractor Photo credit: Marc Sommers 2002 Crossing Lines: “Magnets” and Mobility among Southern Sudanese CONTENTS I. Introduction: Do Education Facilities Attract Displaced People? The Current Debate .........................................................................................................................1 II. Background: Why Study Teacher Training in Kakuma and Southern Sudan? ......... 3 III. Findings: Issues Related to Mobility in Southern Sudan........................................... 8 A. Institutions at Odds: Contrasting Perceptions........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mining in South Sudan: Opportunities and Risks for Local Communities
    » REPORT JANUARY 2016 MINING IN SOUTH SUDAN: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS FOR LOCAL COMMUNITIES BASELINE ASSESSMENT OF SMALL-SCALE AND ARTISANAL GOLD MINING IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EQUATORIA STATES, SOUTH SUDAN MINING IN SOUTH SUDAN FOREWORD We are delighted to present you the findings of an assessment conducted between February and May 2015 in two states of South Sudan. With this report, based on dozens of interviews, focus group discussions and community meetings, a multi-disciplinary team of civil society and government representatives from South Sudan are for the first time shedding light on the country’s artisanal and small-scale mining sector. The picture that emerges is a remarkable one: artisanal gold mining in South Sudan ‘employs’ more than 60,000 people and might indirectly benefit almost half a million people. The vast majority of those involved in artisanal mining are poor rural families for whom alluvial gold mining provides critical income to supplement their subsistence livelihood of farming and cattle rearing. Ostensibly to boost income for the cash-strapped government, artisanal mining was formalized under the Mining Act and subsequent Mineral Regulations. However, owing to inadequate information-sharing and a lack of government mining sector staff at local level, artisanal miners and local communities are not aware of these rules. In reality there is almost no official monitoring of artisanal or even small-scale mining activities. Despite the significant positive impact on rural families’ income, the current form of artisanal mining does have negative impacts on health, the environment and social practices. With most artisanal, small-scale and exploration mining taking place in rural areas with abundant small arms and limited presence of government security forces, disputes over land access and ownership exacerbate existing conflicts.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTH SUDAN, FIRST QUARTER 2015: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 26 November 2015
    SOUTH SUDAN, FIRST QUARTER 2015: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 26 November 2015 National borders: GADM, November 2015a; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015b; Abyei Area: SS- NBS, 1 December 2008; Ilemi triangle status and South Sudan/Sudan border status: UN Cartographic Section, Oc- tober 2011; incident data: ACLED, 14 November 2015; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 Development of conflict incidents from March 2013 Conflict incidents by category to March 2015 category number of incidents sum of fatalities battle 85 596 violence against civilians 52 113 remote violence 21 16 non-violent activities 18 2 riots/protests 16 11 total 192 738 This table is based on data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (datasets used: ACLED, 14 November 2015). This graph is based on data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (datasets used: ACLED, undated, ACLED, 14 November 2015). SOUTH SUDAN, FIRST QUARTER 2015: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 NOVEMBER 2015 LOCALIZATION OF CONFLICT INCIDENTS Note: The following list is an overview of the incident data included in the ACLED dataset. More details are available in the actual dataset (date, location data, event type, involved actors, information sources, etc.). In the following list, the names of event locations are taken from ACLED, while the administrative region names are taken from GADM data which serves as the basis for the map above. Data on incidents in the Abyei area are not reflected in this update.
    [Show full text]
  • Water for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE)
    Water for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE) he first integrated water resource management (IWRM) project of its kind in South Sudan, Water Water for Eastern for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE) was launched in Components 2013 as part of the broader bilateral water Tprogramme funded through the Dutch Multiannual Equatoria (W4EE) Strategic Plan for South Sudan (2012–2015). W4EE focuses on three interrelated From the very beginning, W4EE was planned as a pilot components: IWRM programme in the Torit and Kapoeta States of The role of integrated water resource manage- Eastern Equatoria focusing on holistic management of the ment in fostering resilience, delivering economic Kenneti catchment, conflict-sensitive oversight of water Component 1: Integrated water resource management of the development, improving health, and promoting for productive use such as livestock and farming, and Kenneti catchment and surrounds peace in a long-term process. improved access to safe drinking water as well as sanitati- on and hygiene. The goal has always been to replicate key Component 2: Conflict-sensitive management of water for learnings and best practice in other parts of South Sudan. productive use contributes to increased, sustained productivity, value addition in agriculture, horticulture, and livestock The Kenneti catchment is very important to the Eastern Equatoria region for economic, social, and biodiversity reasons. The river has hydropower potential, supports the Component 3: Safely managed and climate-resilient drinking livelihoods of thousands of households, and the surroun- water services and improved sanitation and hygiene are available, ding area hosts a national park with forests and wetlands operated and maintained in a sustainable manner. as well as wild animals and migratory birds.
    [Show full text]