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Uneeveningseveralyearsago
SUdfffiiUeraiKdiesavadio speechfinWay9,3934, »eariya3fearjafierannounce !Uie9leich£oncoRlati^3he Vatican.Aisei^flope^us )isseamed^SLIRetef^ Sa^caonVeconber ahe*»otyireaf'4Dfl9ra: 'i ' TlfraR Long-buried Vatican files reveal a new anc ; shocking indictment of World War IPs Jj; : - I • • H.t.-,. in n. ; Pope Pius XII: that in pursuit of absolute power he helped Adolf Hitler destroy German ^ Catholic political opposition, betrayed the Europe, and sealed a deeply cynica pact with a 20th-century devi!. BBI BY JOHN CORNWELL the Final Solution. A young man, a prac was staged on Broadway in 1964. depict UnewheneveningI wasseveralhavingyearsdinnerago ticing Catholic, insisted that the case had ed Pacelli as a ruthless cynic, interested with a group of students, the never been proved. more in the Vatican's stockholdings than topic of the papacy was Raised as a Catholicduring the papacy in the fate of the Jews. Most Catholics dis broached, and the discussion of Pius XII—his picture gazed down from missed Hochhuth's thesis as implausible, quickly boiled over. A young the wall of every classroom during my but the play sparked a controversy which woman asserted that Eugenio Pacelli, Pope childhood—I was only too familiar with Pius XII, the Pope during World War the allegation. It started in 1963 with a play Excerpted from Hitler's Pope: TheSeci-et II, had brought lasting shame on the by a young German named Rolf Hoch- History ofPius XII. bj' John Comwell. to be published this month byViking; © 1999 Catholic Church by failing to denounce huth. DerStellverti-eter (The Deputy), which by the author. VANITY FAIR OCTOBER 1999 having reliable knowl- i edge of its true extent. -
Pius XII on Trial
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Pius XII on Trial Katherine M. Campbell University of Maine - Main, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Anthropology Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Katherine M., "Pius XII on Trial" (2014). Honors College. 159. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/159 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PIUS XII ON TRIAL by Katherine M. Campbell A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Anthropology and Political Science) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Henry Munson, Professor of Anthropology Alexander Grab, Professor of History Mark D. Brewer, Associate Professor of Political Science Richard J. Powell, Associate Professor of Political Science, Leadership Studies Sol Goldman, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science Copyright 2014 Katherine M. Campbell Abstract: Scholars have debated Pope Pius XII’s role in the Holocaust since the 1960s. Did he do everything he could and should have done to save Jews? His critics say no because of antisemitism rooted in the traditional Catholic views. His defenders say yes and deny that he was an antisemite. In my thesis, I shall assess the arguments on both sides in terms of the available evidence. I shall focus both on what Pius XII did do and what he did not do and on the degree to which he can be held responsible for the actions of low-level clergy. -
Biskup Ján Vojtaššák Očami Svätej Stolice a Slovenského Exilu
BISKUP JÁN VOJTAššÁK očami Svätej Stolice a SlovenSkého exilu Biskup Ján Vojtaššák a Svätá stolica Emília Hrabovec Ján Vojtaššák je nepochybne jednou z najvýraznejších postáv sloven- - ských dejín 20. storočia. Do historickej pamäti národa sa zapísal ako kňaz a biskup hlbokej viery a bezpodmienečnej oddanosti a lásky k Bohu, ku Ka tolíckej cirkvi a k svojmu slovenskému národu. sentireHoci nemal cum vyššieEcclesia teologické vzdelanie, stál na pevnom fundamente viery a živého vzťahu k Bohu, ktorý mu vedno s prirodzeným intelektom a pevným sapere discernere umožnil, aby si aj v najzložitejších situáciách väzenia, fyzického a psychického nátlaku a izolácie dokázal v duchovných veciach uchovať vzácne , teda schopnosť rozlišovať pravdivé od nepravdivého, preniknúť k podstate- vecí a spoznať to, čo katolík chápe ako Božiu vôľu, a tiež prekvapivú pružnosť- intelektu i srdca a vnútornú silu, z ktorej čerpal aj jeho prirodzený sklon rea govať na výzvy a ohrozenia skôr priamym, odvážnym odporom než diploma- tickým lavírovaním, skláňaním hlavy či kompromismi. Tieto mravné i osobnostné vlastnosti, nekompromisná katolíckosť a sloven- skosť, odvaha pozdvihnúť hlas aj vtedy, keď zdanlivo neexistovala ľudská nádej na úspech, osobná nenáročnosť a súčasne veľká citlivosť voči biede a nespra vodlivosti páchanej na druhých a napokon prekvapivá otvorenosť mysle i srdca, vďaka ktorej aj v najvyššom veku a po rokoch izolácie nezostal tkvieť v minulosti, ale s nádejou hľadal nové riešenia pre budúcnosť, urobili z Vojtaššáka, ktorého už politické elity prvej československej republiky považovali za nepohodlného- biskupa stojaceho v ceste odkresťančeniu i odnárodneniu Slovenska, v očiach československého komunistického režimu jedného z najväčších nepriateľov, kto rého bolo treba za každú cenu zlikvidovať. -
American Catholicism and the Political Origins of the Cold War/ Thomas M
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1991 American Catholicism and the political origins of the Cold War/ Thomas M. Moriarty University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Moriarty, Thomas M., "American Catholicism and the political origins of the Cold War/" (1991). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 1812. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1812 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMERICAN CATHOLICISM AND THE POLITICAL ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR A Thesis Presented by THOMAS M. MORI ARTY Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 1991 Department of History AMERICAN CATHOLICISM AND THE POLITICAL ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR A Thesis Presented by THOMAS M. MORIARTY Approved as to style and content by Loren Baritz, Chair Milton Cantor, Member Bruce Laurie, Member Robert Jones, Department Head Department of History TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. "SATAN AND LUCIFER 2. "HE HASN'T TALKED ABOUT ANYTHING BUT RELIGIOUS FREEDOM" 25 3. "MARX AMONG THE AZTECS" 37 4. A COMMUNIST IN WASHINGTON'S CHAIR 48 5. "...THE LOSS OF EVERY CATHOLIC VOTE..." 72 6. PAPA ANGEL I CUS 88 7. "NOW COMES THIS RUSSIAN DIVERSION" 102 8. "THE DEVIL IS A COMMUNIST" 112 9. -
TESI Lucacon Margini
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SALERNO DIPARTIMENTO DI TEORIA E STORIA DELLE ISTITUZIONI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN TEORIA E STORIA DELLE ISTITUZIONI (IX Ciclo) Tesi di Dottorato Verso il disgelo: Stati Uniti e Santa Sede, 1914-1940 Coordinatore Ch.mo Prof. Antonio Scocozza Tutor Dottorando Ch.mo Prof. Luigino Rossi Luca Castagna Anno Accademico 2009/2010 A Walter, Silvana, Francesco e Rossella … la mia storia. Indice Introduzione I Capitolo Primo 1 Universalismi incompatibili (1914-1920) 1. Neutrali, ma non imparziali 1 1.1 La Santa Sede 1 1.2 Gli Stati Uniti 7 2. Alle origini del “problema” 13 2.1 I rapporti politico-diplomatici 13 2.2 Al limite dell’eresia: Santa Sede e Chiesa statunitense tra fine Ottocento e Grande 23 guerra 23 3. 1916-’18: vani tentativi di dialogo 34 3.1 Wilson, Bonzano e Gibbons 34 3.2 Gli Stati Uniti e la Nota di Benedetto XV 40 4. L’irraggiungibile Versailles 55 5. Un’occasione mancata? 61 Capitolo Secondo 64 Una transizione difficile (1920-1932) 1. Gli Stati Uniti dopo la Grande guerra: il “normale” anti-papismo 64 2. La Chiesa cattolica statunitense tra Benedetto XV e Pio XI: un passaggio tormentato 77 3. Timidi segnali di convergenza lungo l’“asse” Harding-Bonzano 93 4. «Per la S. Sede è opportuno aspettare»: Fumasoni Biondi conosce Washington 108 5. Due “investimenti a medio termine” 121 5.1 Le elezioni presidenziali del 1928 121 5.2 I Patti Lateranensi 127 Capitolo Terzo 134 Una missione comune (1933-1940) 1. Il “nuovo corso” 134 1.1 Roosevelt: l’“apostolo” del riscatto 141 2. -
'Owned' Vatican Guilt for the Church's Role in the Holocaust?
Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations Volume 4 (2009): Madigan CP 1-18 CONFERENCE PROCEEDING Has the Papacy ‘Owned’ Vatican Guilt for the Church’s Role in the Holocaust? Kevin Madigan Harvard Divinity School Plenary presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Council of Centers on Christian-Jewish Relations November 1, 2009, Florida State University, Boca Raton, Florida Given my reflections in this presentation, it is perhaps appropriate to begin with a confession. What I have written on the subject of the papacy and the Shoah in the past was marked by a confidence and even self-righteousness that I now find embarrassing and even appalling. (Incidentally, this observation about self-righteousness would apply all the more, I am afraid, to those defenders of the wartime pope.) In any case, I will try and smother those unfortunate qualities in my presentation. Let me hasten to underline that, by and large, I do not wish to retract conclusions I have reached, which, in preparation for this presentation, have not essentially changed. But I have come to perceive much more clearly the need for humility in rendering judgment, even harsh judgment, on the Catholic actors, especially the leading Catholic actors of the period. As José Sanchez, with whose conclusions in his book on understanding the controversy surrounding the wartime pope I otherwise largely disagree, has rightly pointed out, “it is easy to second guess after the events.”1 This somewhat uninflected observation means, I take it, that, in the case of the Holy See and the Holocaust, the calculus of whether to speak or to act was reached in the cauldron of a savage world war, wrought in the matrix of competing interests and complicated by uncertainty as to whether acting or speaking would result in relief for or reprisal. -
Refugee Policies from 1933 Until Today: Challenges and Responsibilities
Refugee Policies from 1933 until Today: Challenges and Responsibilities ihra_4_fahnen.indd 1 12.02.2018 15:59:41 IHRA series, vol. 4 ihra_4_fahnen.indd 2 12.02.2018 15:59:41 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (Ed.) Refugee Policies from 1933 until Today: Challenges and Responsibilities Edited by Steven T. Katz and Juliane Wetzel ihra_4_fahnen.indd 3 12.02.2018 15:59:42 With warm thanks to Toby Axelrod for her thorough and thoughtful proofreading of this publication, to the Ambassador Liviu-Petru Zăpirțan and sta of the Romanian Embassy to the Holy See—particularly Adina Lowin—without whom the conference would not have been possible, and to Katya Andrusz, Communications Coordinator at the Director’s Oce of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. ISBN: 978-3-86331-392-0 © 2018 Metropol Verlag + IHRA Ansbacher Straße 70 10777 Berlin www.metropol-verlag.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten Druck: buchdruckerei.de, Berlin ihra_4_fahnen.indd 4 12.02.2018 15:59:42 Content Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust ........................................... 9 About the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) .................................................... 11 Preface .................................................... 13 Steven T. Katz, Advisor to the IHRA (2010–2017) Foreword The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, the Holy See and the International Conference on Refugee Policies ... 23 omas Michael Baier/Veerle Vanden Daelen Opening Remarks ......................................... 31 Mihnea Constantinescu, IHRA Chair 2016 Opening Remarks ......................................... 35 Paul R. Gallagher Keynote Refugee Policies: Challenges and Responsibilities ........... 41 Silvano M. Tomasi FROM THE 1930s TO 1945 Wolf Kaiser Introduction ............................................... 49 Susanne Heim The Attitude of the US and Europe to the Jewish Refugees from Nazi Germany ....................................... -
The Catholic Church in the Czech Lands During the Nazi
STUDIA HUMANITATIS JOURNAL, 2021, 1 (1), pp. 192-208 ISSN: 2792-3967 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53701/shj.v1i1.22 Artículo / Article THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE CZECH LANDS DURING THE NAZI OCCUPATION IN 1939–1945 AND AFTER1 LA IGLESIA CATÓLICA EN LOS TERRITORIOS CHECOS DURANTE LA OCUPACIÓN NAZI ENTRE LOS AÑOS 1939–1945 Y DESPUÉS Marek Smid Charles University, Czech Republic ORCID: 0000-0001-8613-8673 [email protected] | Abstract | This study addresses the religious persecution in the Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia) during World War II, when these territories were part of the Bohemian and Moravian Protectorate being occupied by Nazi Germany. Its aim is to demonstrate how the Catholic Church, its hierarchy and its priests acted as relevant patriots who did not hesitate to stand up to the occupying forces and express their rejection of their procedures. Both the domestic Catholic camp and the ties abroad towards the Holy See and its representation will be analysed. There will also be presented the personalities of priests, who became the victims of the Nazi rampage in the Czech lands at the end of the study. The basic method consists of a descriptive analysis that takes into account the comparative approach of the spiritual life before and after the occupation. Furthermore, the analytical-synthetic method will be used, combined with the subsequent interpretation of the findings. An additional method, not always easy to apply, is hermeneutics, i.e., the interpretation of socio-historical phenomena in an effort to reveal the uniqueness of the analysed texts and sources and emphasize their singularity in the cultural and spiritual development of Czech Church history in the first half of the 20th century. -
Quellen Und Forschungen Aus Italienischen Archiven Und Bibliotheken
Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Historischen Institut in Rom Bd. 85 2005 Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publi- kationsplattform der Stiftung Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland (DGIA), zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht- kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich ver- folgt werden. QUELLEN UND FORSCHUNGEN AUS ITALIENISCHEN ARCHIVEN UND BIBLIOTHEKEN BAND 85 QUELLEN UND FORSCHUNGEN AUS ITALIENISCHEN ARCHIVEN UND BIBLIOTHEKEN HERAUSGEGEBEN VOM DEUTSCHEN HISTORISCHEN INSTITUT IN ROM BAND 85 MAX NIEMEYER VERLAG TÜBINGEN 2005 Redaktion: Alexander Koller Deutsches Historisches Institut in Rom Via Aurelia Antica 391 00165 Roma Italien http://www.dhi-roma.it ISBN 13: 9783-484-83085-1 ISBN 10: 3-484-83085-9 ISSN 0079-9068 ” Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen 2005 Ein Unternehmen der K.G. Saur Verlag GmbH http://www.niemeyer.de Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Printed in Germany. Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier. Satz und Druck: AZ Druck und Datentechnik GmbH, Kempten/Allgäu Binden: Norbert Klotz, Jettingen-Scheppach INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Jahresbericht 2004 .................. IXÐLIII Hubert Mordek, Die Anfänge der fränkischen Ge- setzgebung für Italien ................ -
Josef Tisó És a Szlovákiai Holokauszt
BEVEZETÉS A pozitív aspektusok mellett negatív fordulatokat is hoztak a Kelet- Közép Európában Gorbacsov peresztrojkájával meginduló változások, amelyek azután a berlini fal leomlásával és a korábban szovjet uralom alatt felsorakoztatott országok többségének demokratizálódásával folytatódtak. Ezek az országok hatalmi változatok és változások fĘszereplĘi és elĘmozdí- tói lettek, elég csak arra a katalizátor szerepre gondolni, amelyet Magyaror- szág a határok megnyitásában játszott, ami a fal leomlásának tagadhatatlan elĘfeltétele volt. Ezzel megnyílt Pandora szelencéje, és elĘbukkantak azok a nacionalista és partikularista nézetek, amelyeket évtizedeken át számĦztek e problémákat gyökereiben soha nem kezelĘ kommunista rendszerek – legye- nek bár elkötelezettek, vagy sem, mint Jugoszlávia esetében. A közép-kelet európai kis nemzetek bonyodalmai közepette kirobbanó nacionalizmusok e népek sajátos gyökereinek kutatását és/vagy historio- grafiai felülvizsgálatát vonták maguk után, amely olykor olyan, igencsak vitatható történelmi személyiségek történelmi igazolásába és átértékelésébe torkollott, akik a Harmadik Birodalom politikája mellett foglaltak állást a faji politika és a „végsĘ megoldás” legdrámaibb és leggyalázatosabb kérdé- seiben is. Ilyen értelemben a történelem számára átértékelendĘ személyiség- nek látszik kétségkívül Jozef Tiso, a független szlovák köztársaság elnöke, a katolikus egyház magas rangú méltósága, de egyben Hitler szövetségese, vagy inkább csatlósa, akinek támogatása lehetĘvé tette a szlovák állam létrehozását. Amikor -
Pontifical Diplomacy, Hence of the Pope and with the Pope. State Diplomacy and Church Diplomacy by Monsignor Francesco Follo
Pontifical diplomacy, hence of the Pope and with the Pope. State Diplomacy and Church Diplomacy by Monsignor Francesco Follo Introduction The title and content of this contribution refers to various texts, the most recent of which are two conferences delivered respectively on November 15th, 2019 by H.E. Mgr. Paul Richard Gallagher Secretary for Relations with States, and on November 28th, 2019 by H.E. Card. Pietro Parolin, Secretary of State of His Holiness. Obviously, the prolusions of these high prelates helped me to formulate and - above all - to clarify my presentation of Vatican diplomacy, taking into account its history and its specificity. Actually, if all diplomacy works for peace, that of the Holy Father and his close contributors excludes a priori war as an extreme form of diplomacy and is always inspired by transcendent, religious values. In this regard, on November 15th 2019, in the conference entitled “Diplomacy of Values and Development”, H.E. Mons. Paul Richard Gallagher, Secretary for Relations with States, affirmed that the Holy See's diplomacy is «essentially aimed at pursuing the “values” that are proper to the Christian Revelation and that coincide with the deepest aspirations of Justice, Truth and Peace, which, although historically declined and with a variety of forms through the ecclesial Magisterium, are in their essence common to the man of every place, time and social extraction». The Eminent Archbishop then clarified that the relationship with values is at first sight something foreign to the common notion of diplomacy, as a science and art of the conduct of international relations. Diplomacy is at the service of the government of the State and pursues its ends: it is pure method that does not look at values. -
American and Vatican Reactions to the Tiso Trial
AMERICAN AND VATICAN REACTIONS TO THE TISO TRIAL By Walter U11 mann The trial and subsequent execution of Mgr. Jozef Tiso, one-time president of Slovakia, caused considerable commotion in certain American circles. In parti- cular, it affected the sentiments of some Americans of Slovak origin who, for the most part, viewed the sentence as unjust and considered the execution of a Catholic preláte a simple act of revenge by an atheist, Communist-dominated government. The following is an attempt to trace briefly the events leading up to Tiso's trial and to examine American reactions to them, both in official circles and among spokesmen of various Slovak-American organizations in the United States, as well as their American Sponsors. As will be seen, the official American position differed sharply from the position of most of the various individuals and groups which sponsored Tiso's cause in the United States. Washingtons refusal to intervene in Prague on behalf of the accu- sed lends itself to the potential charge that responsible U. S. officials were both influenced and misinformed by Prague and its Washington embassy and that the true nature of Tiso and his independent administration during World War II had been obscured. While it is certainly correct to say that the Czechoslovak Embassy in Washington and, for that matter, the Prague government presented their case as they saw it, there is no evidence that American unwillingness to come to Tiso's aid was motivated by the official Czechoslovak position. Rather, the extant docu mentation suggests that Washington steered an independent course and did not permit itself to be influenced by either Communist exaggerations or exiled pro- Tiso elements.