Journal De La Société Des Américanistes, 105-2 | 2019, « 105-2 » [Online], Online Since 20 December 2019, Connection on 23 September 2020

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Journal De La Société Des Américanistes, 105-2 | 2019, « 105-2 » [Online], Online Since 20 December 2019, Connection on 23 September 2020 Journal de la Société des américanistes 105-2 | 2019 105-2 Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/jsa/17109 DOI: 10.4000/jsa.17109 ISSN: 1957-7842 Publisher Société des américanistes Printed version Date of publication: 20 December 2019 ISSN: 0037-9174 Electronic reference Journal de la Société des américanistes, 105-2 | 2019, « 105-2 » [Online], Online since 20 December 2019, connection on 23 September 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/jsa/17109 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/jsa.17109 This text was automatically generated on 23 September 2020. © Société des Américanistes 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908-2009), in memoriam Philippe Erikson Les carnets nambikwara de Lévi-Strauss Emmanuel Désveaux Entretien de Claude Lévi-Strauss Philippe Erikson Articles Nuevos datos sobre Aj Ch’aaj Naah, Aj K’uhuun de Toniná Ángel A. Sánchez Gamboa, Alejandro Sheseña and Guido Krempel Ciudadanos de la comunidad. Appropriation de la bureaucratie et expérience de la « communauté » chez les Matsigenka (Amazonie péruvienne) Raphaël Colliaux Notes de recherche Could the Mexica toztli have been a sun parakeet? Connecting Mexica featherwork to South America Louise Deglin “El rostro de los días”: sobre la corporalidad y las almas entre los mayas k’iche’ de Santiago Momostenango Alonso Zamora Corona La documentación de las lenguas patagónicas en el gabinete de Samuel A. Lafone Quevedo. El Vocabulario Guenaken Marisa Malvestitti and María Emilia Orden Positions Acerca de la Declaración sobre el cambio de nombre del conjunto Jívaro Grégory Deshoullière and Santiago Utitiaj Paati Hommage à Dominique Buchillet In memoriam Dominique Buchillet : un engagement scientifique et politique Laure Emperaire Two anthropologists recall Dominique Buchillet Janet Chernela and Jaime Diakara Dessano Dihpotiro Journal de la Société des américanistes, 105-2 | 2019 2 Dominique Buchillet: caminhos e trilhas no rio Negro e em outros lugares Lúcia Hussak van Velthem and Marcio Meira Bibliographie de Dominique Buchillet Laure Emperaire and Lúcia Hussak van Velthem Comptes rendus WEBSTER David, The population of Tikal. Implications for Maya demography Julien Hiquet LITTAIF Aldo, Mitologia guarani. A criação e a destrução da Terra Joaquín Ruiz Zubizarreta CHAMORRO Graciela y Isabelle COMBÈS (eds), Povos indígenas em Mato Grosso do Sul. História, cultura e tranformações sociais Cecilia Martínez OSSIO ACUÑA Juan, Etnografía de la cultura andina Pablo F. Sendón MACLAREN WALSH Jane et Brett TOPPING, The man who invented Aztec crystal skulls. The adventures of Eugène Boban Pascal Riviale Journal de la Société des américanistes, 105-2 | 2019 3 Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908-2009), in memoriam Philippe Erikson 1 À l’occasion du dixième anniversaire de sa disparition, le Journal de la Société des américanistes se tenait d’honorer la mémoire de cette figure majeure de l’anthropologie du XXe siècle qu’aura été Claude Lévi-Strauss. Pour ce faire, plutôt que de rajouter des gloses supplémentaires à la myriade déjà produites au cours des dernières décennies, la rédaction a choisi de mettre l’accent sur quelques volets encore inédits d’une œuvre qui n’a décidément pas fini de nous livrer toute sa richesse. 2 Proposé par Emmanuel Désveaux, le premier volet de cet hommage présente son ambitieux projet de déchiffrage, numérisation et réédition critique des carnets de l’expédition menée par Claude Lévi-Strauss chez les Nambikwara de mai 1938 à janvier 1939. Si cette mission est surtout connue par la relation qui en a été faite en 1955 dans Tristes Tropiques, le JSA peut s’enorgueillir d’avoir eu, dès 1948, la primeur de ses résultats scientifiques1. Contrairement à la précédente qui portait sur les Bororo (1936)2, cette seconde contribution majeure de Lévi-Strauss au Journal de la Société des américanistes ne mettait toutefois guère à l’honneur ses talents de dessinateur. En guise de clin d’œil, sinon de compensation rétrospective, le croquis inédit choisi pour orner la couverture de la présente livraison a précisément été extrait des manuscrits nambikwara conservés à la BNF. Il est reproduit avec l’aimable autorisation des ayants droit. 3 Le second texte que nous proposons est celui d’un entretien à ce jour inédit où Lévi- Strauss essuie le feu nourri de trois interlocuteurs passionnés. Il fut réalisé en 1978 comme galop d’essai pour un ouvrage que l’éditeur Pierre Bérès avait prévu de réaliser à partir d’une série d’interviews subséquentes, qui n’eurent cependant jamais lieu. Lévi-Strauss, de son propre aveu, gardait un mauvais souvenir de cette session, et son agacement transparaît clairement dans la transcription des prolégomènes de ce projet qui ne vit jamais le jour. C’est d’ailleurs un des intérêts de ce texte, qui montre un Lévi- Strauss quelque peu bousculé par des intervieweurs moins déférents que d’habitude, et auxquels il répond avec une revigorante lucidité. Journal de la Société des américanistes, 105-2 | 2019 4 4 Dans un courrier adressé à la rédaction, Monique Lévi-Strauss, qui avait assisté à cet entretien préliminaire, déclarait en avoir oublié la teneur mais retenu la constante mauvaise humeur de son mari « que cela ennuyait profondément d’être questionné sur ce qu’il pensait dans sa jeunesse ». Le témoignage n’en demeure pas moins passionnant, poursuit-elle, notamment parce qu’il « montre un Lévi-Strauss passionné par le futur [et qui], à force d’anticiper, devançait parfois la pensée de ses collègues, qui ne le comprenaient pas. Mais c’est aussi grâce à cela que l’on parle encore de lui ». NOTES 1. Claude Lévi-Strauss, « Contribution à l’étude de l’organisation sociale des Indiens Bororo », Journal de la Société des américanistes, 28, 1936, p. 269-304. 2. Claude Lévi-Strauss, « La vie familiale et sociale des Indiens Nambikwara », Journal de la Société des américanistes, 37, 1948, p. 1-132. Journal de la Société des américanistes, 105-2 | 2019 5 Les carnets nambikwara de Lévi- Strauss Emmanuel Désveaux 1 À la suite de la publication De Montaigne à Montaigne en 2016 et d’une nouvelle édition des Structures élémentaires de la parenté en 20171, Madame Monique Lévi-Strauss m’avait confié son souhait de voir publier les carnets que son mari tenait lors de sa deuxième expédition à l’intérieur du Brésil. Ces carnets sont aujourd’hui déposés à la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BNF), où nous nous rendîmes au printemps 2017, accompagnés de Stephen Hugh-Jones qui manifesta alors son intérêt pour le projet. Anaïs Dupuy-Olivier, conservatrice en charge des manuscrits du XXe siècle, nous reçut. À la vue du matériel qui se dévoilait au fur et à mesure qu’elle ouvrait les boîtes devant nous, nous comprîmes rapidement qu’établir une telle édition exigerait un énorme travail de préparation et était hors de portée d’un seul chercheur. L’idée resta ainsi en suspens. À l’automne suivant, apparut dans ma boîte de courrier électronique l’appel annuel de l’ANR. Ce fut le déclic : « voilà la solution ; il faut soumettre à cet organisme un projet élaboré autour des carnets nambikwara de Lévi-Strauss ». Je mobilisai alors quelques chercheurs (Paolo D’Iorio, Victor Rosenthal, Michel de Fornel, Jean Lassègue, Marion Carel et Willem Leo Wetzels) en vue de préparer une soumission, en collaboration avec l’Institut des textes et manuscrits modernes (Item, ENS) et la BNF2. Journal de la Société des américanistes, 105-2 | 2019 6 Fig. 1 – Fig. 1 – Dessins réalisés au crayon à papier issus d’un carnet intitulé « Vilhena sept. 1938. Vocabulaires comparés Sabané-Tagnani » de Claude Lévi-Strauss (conservé à la BNF). * * * 2 Claude et Dina Lévi-Strauss menèrent deux expéditions au cœur du Brésil, l’une qui les conduisit chez les Caduveo et les Bororo (novembre 1935-janvier 1936), l’autre chez les Nambikwara (mai 1938-janvier 1939). Précisons toutefois que Dina, atteinte d’ophtalmie purulente, dut interrompre sa participation à la deuxième expédition dès la fin juillet 1938. Elle ne connût que les Nambikwara. Son mari prolongea son séjour de plusieurs mois, jusqu’à atteindre, plus au Nord, les Mondé puis les Tupi-Kawahib. Tristes Tropiques, publié deux décennies plus tard, relate ces deux équipées. L’ouvrage connut un succès immédiat. L’insipide récit de voyage est transcendé ici en chef-d’œuvre philosophico-littéraire. Au regard de l’anthropologie et de sa quête des origines, le livre a valeur cardinale puisqu’avec les Caduveo, il reflète le choc esthétique, avec les Bororo – une société à moitiés – le choc sociologique, et enfin, avec les Nambikwara, le choc ontologique. Plus encore que les autres, ces derniers occupent une place éminente dans l’imaginaire des anthropologues et des philosophes contemporains : si les Nambikwara font le choix judicieux de l’échange plutôt que celui de la guerre, ils cèdent toutefois à la tentation de l’écriture comme vecteur d’asservissement. 3 Les carnets de la première expédition sont perdus, seuls ceux de la deuxième ont donc survécu. Leur étude préliminaire est déjà extrêmement révélatrice. D’abord parce qu’elle va à l’encontre de la légende selon laquelle Lévi-Strauss aurait été un piètre homme de terrain, trop taraudé par ses ambitions théoriques pour se plier aux exigences ingrates de l’ethnographie. Bien au contraire, on réalise alors qu’il observe tout, entend tout, sent tout, note tout et dessine tout (on savait déjà par ailleurs qu’il avait beaucoup photographié). Journal de la Société des américanistes, 105-2 | 2019 7 4 Qu’on en juge plutôt : les notes de terrain de Lévi-Strauss chez les Nambikwara se présentent sous une forme matérielle très hétérogène, à savoir plus d’une dizaine carnets de facture et de taille différentes, auxquels s’ajoutent des feuilles volantes. Le total doit avoisiner un millier de pages. Les notes sont écrites en général au crayon.
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