DOCSLIB.ORG

Baños De Agua Santa, Ecuador 2018 Programa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Baños De Agua Santa, Ecuador 2018 Programa Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador 2018 Programa Amazonicas VII General schedule / Horario general Local / Venue: Salón de la Ciudad, Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de Baños de Agua Santa. At the corner of / Esquina de: Vicente Rocafuerte y Thomas Halflants (se entra por / entrance from calle Rocafuerte St.) segunda/lunes 28/5 terça/martes 29/5 quarta/miércoles 30/5 quinta/jueves 31/5 sexta/viernes 1/6 Morfosintaxis Fonología Arte verbal Piedemonte 09:00 – 09:30 Registration Cáceres & Gildea Chacon, Gordon & Timo Storto Rice 09:30 – 10:00 Inauguration Salles Zariquiey & Michael Grzech & Schwarz Floyd & Ennis 10:00 – 10:30 Café/Inscripción Café Café Café Café 10:30 – 11:00 Bardagil-Mas Peña & Silva Vallejos & Koops Epps, Lolli & Ramos Muysken 11:00 – 11:30 Arregui, Rivero & Díaz Montenegro Stewart & Bruil Messineo Valenzuela Salanova 11:30 – 12:00 Van Gysel Kees Hengeveld Leo Wetzels Michael Uzendoski van der Auwera & Krasnoukhova 12:00 – 12:30 Tacconi & Messineo Krasnoukhova & van der Auwera 12:30 – 14:00 Lunch Lunch/Posters Lunch/Posters Lunch/Posters Lunch 14:00 – 14:30 Birchall & van der Michael Lemus Serrano Stenzel & Williams Overall Voort 14:30 – 15:00 Moreira Gomes O'Hagan Eraso Neiva Praça & da Rybka Cruz 15:00 – 15:30 Galúcio Sabogal Bertet Magalhães & Garcia General assembly 15:30 – 16:00 Singerman Café/Posters Café/Posters Café/Posters Voting 16:00 – 16:30 Café 16:30 – 17:00 Bittar Couto Nikulin Zariquiey & Prieto 17:00 – 17:30 da Cruz Soares de Oliveira Farmer, Davenport, Peña & Valenzuela Miller, Norfleet, Peredo, Siegman & Sierra 17:30 – 18:00 Neiva Praça Neely Epps Franchetto 18:00 – 19:00 Reception / Brindis General assembly Proposals 19:00 – 3:00 Conference dinner PROGRAMA DE AMAZONICAS VII TIEMPO Y ASPECT (SIMPOSIO DE MORFOSINTAXIS) Ponente invitado: Kees Hengeveld Arregui, Rivero & Salanova On Mẽbengokre futures: temporal and modal dimensions Bardagil-Mas Reanalyzing aspectual inflection in Panará verbs Birchall & van der Voort The development of tense remoteness in Aikanã grammar Bittar Grammaticalization of abilitative ‘know’ in Tupi-Guarani languages Cáceres & Gildea A first analysis of Tense-Aspect constructions in Yawarana (Cariban) Couto Aspectos Habitual e Prospectivo no Saynáwa (Pano): Tempo e Negação da Cruz The emergence of aspectual system from grammaticalization of nouns – a case study on Nheengatú Díaz Montenegro La expresión de las categorías de aspecto y tiempo en nasa yuwe Galucio Tense, aspect, and modality interaction in Mekens Michael Hacia una teoría de direccionales como aspectos espaciales Moreira Gomes Aspecto gramatical e suas implicações para marcação pessoal no verbo e alinhamento em Mundurukú (Tupí) Neely Temporal categories in Yaminawa morphology O'Hagan Perfective Aspect as Specificity in Caquinte Oliveira & Valenzuela Degrees of Temporal Remoteness in Panoan: Contributions to the Typology of Tense Praça A natureza das noções de tempo e a categoria de aspecto em Apyãwa Sabogal El Aspecto en el Wayúunaiki Salles Pirahã’s verbal morphology - towards a reassessment Silva & Peña La interacción entre aspecto, modo, evidencialidad y su interpretación temporal en urarina Singerman The expression of tense in Tuparí, a Tupían language of the Brazilian Amazon Tacconi & Messineo Los demostrativos y el señalamiento del tiempo en maká (familia mataguaya) Van Gysel Enlhet-Enenlhet Nominal Temporal Reference in an Areal Perspective Pósteres aceptados: Finbow A historical overview of the emergence of su as a prospective aspect/future tense auxiliary in Rio Negro Nheengatu Gildea Which nominalizations become which T-A values? Gonzales Castaño Expresión del aspecto a través de postura asociada y movimiento asociado en namtrik (familia barbacoa suroccidente colombiano) PROGRAMA DE AMAZONICAS VII Moore Tense and Aspect in Gavião of Rondônia Souza Nogueira Morfemas de aspecto e a distinção entre nominalização e oração subordinada em Wayoro (Tupí) Storto Semantic and Syntactic Properties of Aspect in Dâw (Nadehup Family) Vlcek & Cezario Aspecto vs. tempo em evidenciais de duas línguas da família Tukano Oriental pouco descritas: Wa'ikhana e Tuyuka ACENTO, TONO, Y ENTONCACIÓN (SIMPOSIO DE FONOLOGÍA) Ponente invitado: Leo Wetzels Bertet The nine tonemes of Ticuna, an Amazonian oddity Chacon, Gordon & Timo The Phonology of Stress and Tone in Kubeo Epps Tonogenesis in the Naduhupan family Eraso Keller Silaba epentética en tanimuka Farmer, Davenport, Miller, Norfleet, A Proposal for Proto-Tukanoan Stress Peredo, Siegman & Sierra Lemus Serrano Verbal Prosody in Yukuna Nikulin The prosody–morphology interface in Migueleño Chiquitano Stewart & Bruil Toward a description of Intonation Patterns in Ecuadorian Siona Vallejos & Koops Word-level prosody in Kukama-Kukamiria: The interplay of stress and vowel reduction Zariquiey & Michael Tono y acento en Kakataibo ARTE VERBAL (SIMPOSIO DE LENGUA Y SOCIEDAD) Ponente invitado: Michael Uzendoski Epps, Lolli & Ramos Naduhup shamanic incantation: A comparative perspective Franchetto When Kuikuro women sing Tolo: Poetry in a network of verbal arts between the worlds of humans and hyper-beings Grzech & Schwarz Poetics meets software: issues with machine translation of Napo Runa wedding songs PROGRAMA DE AMAZONICAS VII Magalhães & Garcia A categorização das referências na língua Guajá e na “língua” dos Karawara Messineo Lengua, emoción y relaciones sociales: el arte de aconsejar y pedir entre los toba –qom de la región del Gran Chaco Peña The metrical structure of Jivaroan Nampet ‘Drinking songs’ Praça Aspectos formais e narrativos da mitologia Apyãwa Stenzel & Williams The Art of Responding in Wa’ikhana Storto Verbal Art in a Karitiana Ritual Narrative Zariquiey & Prieto Préstamos shipibo-konibo en los cantos tradicionales kakataibo: léxico, morfosintaxis y estrategias de composición Pósteres aceptados: Beiras del Carril, Cúneo & “Mezclando el aborigen con el hip-hop”. El rap originario como género emergente entre los jóvenes qom en Rosario Haddad Buenos Aires Bonilla Simbolismo sonoro en la lengua y cantar sikuani Echeverri La conjuración de la Madre: Traducción y géneros verbales en murui-muina (uitoto) Grzech, Andy, Chimbo & Sound-symbolism in narratives: On ideophones and other expressive strategies in Amazonian Kichwa Aguinda Nuckolls & Swanson Arts of Love, Sadness, and Empathy in Amazonian Ecuador Oquendo El tejido como estructura narrativa del relato indígena wayuunaiki Packer Kàjre jarkwa: um mito cantado pelos Krahô Reiter Multimodal discourse in a multilingual setting: Conclusions drawn from the interplay of language, gesture and ideophones in the Upper Xingu culture area LENGUAS DEL PIEDEMONTE CENTROANDINO (SIMPOSIO DE FAMILIAS Y ÁREAS LINGÜÍSTICAS) van der Auwera & Towards an explanation of postverbal negative ma in the languages of the Andean foothills Krasnoukhova Floyd & Ennis La historia compartida andina y amazónica del kichwa hablado en Ecuador Krasnoukhova & van der Kaleidoscope of negation marking in the languages of the Eastern foothills: Towards some patterns and Auwera their explanations Muysken Substrate influence in Northern Quechua languages Overall Mythology, Missionaries, and the languages of the Marañón River Basin PROGRAMA DE AMAZONICAS VII Rice An evaluation of discourse organization theory in Pastaza Kichwa switch-reference Rybka Functionality as a determinant of the lexical outcomes of language contact: a study of fire fans in northeastern Amazonia and Andean lowlands Valenzuela Hacia una subárea lingüística intermedia Andes-Amazonia en el piedemonte oriental norperuano y sur- ecuatoriano Pósteres aceptados: Bolaños & Palacio Tiningua Pabon Algunos casos de nominalización como estrategia de subordinación en namt̮ ik de Totoró, Cauca, Colombia Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador 2018 Resúmenes / Resumos / Abstracts On Mẽbengokre futures: temporal and modal dimensions Ana Arregui (University of Ottawa), María Luisa Rivero (University of Ottawa), Andrés Pablo Salanova (University of Ottawa) 1. Introduction. This paper investigates the relation between temporal, modal and aspectual dimensions in Mẽbengokre. As illustrated by (1), temporal, modal and aspectual notions are expressed in Mẽbengokre by optional left-peripheral particles in two distinct positions (a), (b), or by post-verbal elements (c). The first of these positions, in particular, encodes a temporal contrast between a non-future nẽ and a future dja, as exemplified in (2) (These sentences are not neutral in information structure terms. The phrase to the left of the temporal particle receives a contrastive focus interpretation that we ignore here for expository purposes.) 2. The puzzle. This temporal contrast is both robust and pervasive in the language, and yet it is clear that temporality is only one part of the meaning of the future dja. In examples that receive a reading temporally oriented towards the speech time, dja can give rise to an inferential/epistemic interpretation (illustrated by (3) with an adverbial example: (3) reports an inference regarding the proposition that Kajtire has already arrived to his house at the speech time). The interpretation of dja depends on aspectual categories in a manner that likely mirrors the interaction between nonfuture nẽ and the aspectual class of the main predicate. With nẽ, stative predicates tend to be interpreted as present in the absence of other aspectual marks, whereas dynamic predicates are interpreted as past in similar conditions; with the future dja, stative predicates favor the modal interpretation, whereas dynamic predicates favor a
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A First Comparison of Pronominal and Demonstrative Systems in the Cariban Language Family*
    A FIRST COMPARISON OF PRONOMINAL AND DEMONSTRATIVE SYSTEMS IN THE CARIBAN LANGUAGE FAMILY* Sérgio Meira Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 1. Introduction The Cariban language family is composed of approximately 25 languages (numbers ranging from 20 to 50, depending on different researchers’ opinions about which varieties are dialects and which are independent languages), spoken by approximately 100,000 people in lowland South America, from south-eastern Colombia (where Karihona is spoken) to the Oiapoque river in Brazil (Karinya), from the coast of the Guianas (Karinya) down to the southern Xingu area in central Brazil (Bakairí). The field of comparative Cariban studies was initiated more than two hundred years ago, when the relationship between a number of Cariban languages was first noticed by Filippo Salvadore Gilij (1782). Unfortunately, the historical-comparative method has been only very rarely applied to Cariban languages, for two main reasons: (1) most of the languages are, to this day, poorly known, which means that there is very little reliable material to compare; (2) most people who compared Cariban languages were not trained comparativists. Girard (1971) remains the only methodical attempt at reconstructing Proto-Cariban lexical items and proposing a classification (unfortunately based on a still very poor data base). In the area of morphosyntax, Gildea (1998) presents the first reconstruction of the person-marking http://www.etnolinguistica.org/illa and tense-aspect-mood (TAM) systems of Proto-Cariban and their syntactic properties. This file is freely available for download at The present work attempts to contribute to the development of historical studies in the Cariban family by presenting a first preliminary reconstruction of the pronominal system of Proto-Cariban (including non-third-person and third-person, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Introducing Phonology
    Introducing Phonology Designed for students with only a basic knowledge of linguistics, this leading textbook provides a clear and practical introduction to phonology, the study of sound patterns in language. It teaches in a step-by-step fashion the logical techniques of phonological analysis and the fundamental theories that underpin it. This thoroughly revised and updated edition teaches students how to analyze phonological data, how to think critically about data, how to formulate rules and hypotheses, and how to test them. New to this edition: • Improved examples, over 60 exercises, and 14 new problem sets from a wide variety of languages encourage students to practice their own analysis of phonological processes and patterns • A new and updated reference list of phonetic symbols and an updated transcription system, making data more accessible to students • Additional online material includes pedagogical suggestions and password-protected answer keys for instructors david odden is Professor Emeritus in Linguistics at Ohio State University. Cambridge Introductions to Language and Linguistics This new textbook series provides students and their teachers with accessible introductions to the major subjects encountered within the study of language and linguistics. Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, each book is written and designed for ease of use in the classroom or seminar, and is ideal for adoption on a modular course as the core recommended textbook. Each book offers the ideal introductory material for each subject, presenting students with an overview of the main topics encountered in their course, and features a glossary of useful terms, chapter previews and summaries, suggestions for further reading, and helpful exercises.
    [Show full text]
  • Revista Philologus, Nº 55
    Revista Philologus, Ano 27, n. 79, Rio de Janeiro, Janeiro/Abril 2021 Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos R454 Revista Philologus, Ano 27, n. 79, Rio de Janeiro: CiFEFiL, jan./abr.2021. 261p. Quadrimestral e-ISSN 1413-6457 e ISSN 1413-6457 1. Filologia–Periódicos. 2. Linguística–Periódicos. I. Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos CDU801(05) 2 Revista Philologus, Ano 27, n. 79. Rio de Janeiro: CiFEFiL, jan./abr.2021. Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos EXPEDIENTE A Revista Philologus é um periódico quadrimestral do Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos (CiFEFiL), que se destina a veicular a transmissão e a produção de conhecimentos e reflexões científicas, desta entidade, nas áreas de filologia e de linguís- tica por ela abrangidas. Os artigos assinados são de responsabilidade exclusiva de seus autores. Editora Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos (CiFEFiL) Rua da Alfândega, 115, Sala: 1008 – Centro – 2007-003 – Rio de Janeiro-RJ (21) 3368 8483, [email protected] e http://www.filologia.org.br/rph/ Diretor-Presidente: Prof. Dr. José Mario Botelho Vice-Diretora-Presidente: Profª Drª Anne Caroline de Morais Santos Secretário: Prof. Dr. Juan Rodriguez da Cruz Diretora Cultural Prof. Dr. Leonardo Ferreira Kaltner Diretora Financeira Profª Drª Dayhane Alves Escobar Ribeiro Paes Diretora de Publicações Prof. Mª Aline Salucci Nunes Vice-Diretor de Publicações Profª Drª Maria Lúcia Mexias Simon Equipe de Apoio Editorial Constituída pelos Diretores e Secretários do Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológi- cos e Linguísticos (CiFEFiL). Esta Equipe é a responsável pelo recebimento e avaliação dos trabalhos encaminhados para publicação nesta Revista.
    [Show full text]
  • Hauck Language and Culture of Indigenous South America
    university of california, los angeles department of anthropology Spring 2018 anthro 159 — Selected Topics in Linguistic Anthropology Language and Culture of Indigenous South America Monday and Wednesday, 9:30–10:45pm | Room: Public Affairs 2250 Instructor: Dr. Jan David Hauck | Email: jan.d.hauck <at> ucla [dot] edu Office hours: Monday 11:30am–12:30pm and by appointment | Room: Haines 374 Teaching Assistant: Yanina Gori, M.A. | Email: yaninagori <at> gmail [dot] com Office hours: Wednesday, 11am–1pm | Room: Haines 360 The ethnography of indigenous communities in South America has been a vibrant field of study in anthropology throughout the past decades. It has fostered key theoretical developments, including the highly influential ontological turn in sociocultural anthropology, and contributed importantly to the study of verbal art, performance, ritual, and oratory in linguistic anthropology. In this course we will read and discuss ethnographies and theoretical works about the languages and cultures of the continent. Our goal is to learn about the distinctiveness of particular indigenous communities, their languages, rituals, and everyday life and struggles, as well as understand general features of Amerindian cosmologies and practices. We will also discuss the effects of and responses to contact with national societies. The particular contribution of Amerindian ethnographic material to the anthropological concepts of “language” and “culture” will be the central concern of the course. Prerequisites While there is no mandatory prerequisite for this course, background in linguistic anthropology is essential. If you have not taken courses in linguistic anthropology at UCLA please discuss with the TA or instructor in order to make up any relevant material.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.A Summary Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti-Guarani Segmental
    Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas ISSN: 1981-8122 [email protected] Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Brasil Meira, Sérgio; Drude, Sebastian A summary reconstruction of proto-maweti-guarani segmental phonology Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, vol. 10, núm. 2, mayo- agosto, 2015, pp. 275-296 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=394051442005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Hum., Belém, v. 10, n. 2, p. 275-296, maio-ago. 2015 A summary reconstruction of proto-maweti-guarani segmental phonology Uma reconstrução resumida da fonologia segmental proto-mawetí-guaraní Sérgio MeiraI, Sebastian DrudeII IMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Belém, Pará, Brasil IIMax-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics. Nijmegen, The Netherlands Abstract: This paper presents a succinct reconstruction of the segmental phonology of Proto-Maweti-Guarani, the hypothetical protolanguage from which modern Mawe, Aweti and the Tupi-Guarani branches of the Tupi linguistic family have evolved. Based on about 300 cognate sets from the authors’ field data (for Mawe and Aweti) and from Mello’s reconstruction (2000) for Proto-Tupi-Guarani (with additional information from other works; and with a few changes concerning certain doubtful features, such as the status of stem-final lenis consonants *r and *ß, and the distinction of *c and *č ), the consonants and vowels of Proto-Maweti-Guarani were reconstructed with the help of the traditional historical-comparative method.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title A Bayesian Phylogenetic Classification of Tupí-Guaraní Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1331v899 Journal LIAMES, 15(2) Authors Michael, Lev David Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia Bartolomei, Keith et al. Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California A Bayesian Phylogenetic Classification of Tup´ı-Guaran´ı Lev Michael, Natalia Chousou-Polydouri, Keith Bartolomei Erin Donnelly, Vivian Wauters, S´ergioMeira, Zachary O'Hagan∗ Abstract This paper presents an internal classification of Tup´ı-Guaran´ıbased on a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of lexical data from 30 Tup´ı-Guaran´ılanguages and 2 non-Tup´ı- Guaran´ıTupian languages, Awet´ıand Maw´e.A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using a generalized binary cognate gain and loss model was carried out on a character ta- ble based on the binary coding of cognate sets, which were formed with attention to semantic shift. The classification shows greater internal structure than previous ones, but is congruent with them in several ways.1 1 Introduction This paper proposes a new classification of the Tup´ı-Guaran´ı(TG) language family based on the application of computational phylogenetic methods to lexical data from 30 TG languages ∗Affiliations for the authors of this paper are: Chousou-Polydouri, Donnelly, Michael, O'Hagan| University of California, Berkeley; Meira|Museu Paraense Em´ılio Goeldi; Bartolomei, Wauters|Independent Scholar. 1We are indebted to Sebastian Drude, Fran¸coiseRose, Eva-Maria R¨oBler, and Rosa Vallejos, who kindly shared unpublished lexical data from Awet´ı,Emerillon, Ach´e,and Kokama-Kokamilla, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Poetics of Recapitulative Linkage in Matsigenka and Mixed Matsigenka-Spanish Myth Narrations Emlen, Nicholas Quinn
    University of Groningen The poetics of recapitulative linkage in Matsigenka and mixed Matsigenka-Spanish myth narrations Emlen, Nicholas Quinn Published in: Bridging constructions DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2563680 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2019 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Emlen, N. Q. (2019). The poetics of recapitulative linkage in Matsigenka and mixed Matsigenka-Spanish myth narrations. In V. Guérin (Ed.), Bridging constructions (pp. 45–77). Language Science Press. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2563680 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 24-09-2021 Chapter 2 The poetics of recapitulative linkage in Matsigenka and mixed Matsigenka- Spanish myth narrations Nicholas Q. Emlen John Carter Brown Library, Brown University In a small community in the Andean-Amazonian transitional zone of Southern Peru, speakers of Matsigenka use recapitulative linkages in myth narrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran
    Languages of the Middle Andes in areal-typological perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran Willem F.H. Adelaar 1. Introduction1 Among the indigenous languages of the Andean region of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina, Quechuan and Aymaran have traditionally occupied a dominant position. Both Quechuan and Aymaran are language families of several million speakers each. Quechuan consists of a conglomerate of geo- graphically defined varieties, traditionally referred to as Quechua “dialects”, not- withstanding the fact that mutual intelligibility is often lacking. Present-day Ayma- ran consists of two distinct languages that are not normally referred to as “dialects”. The absence of a demonstrable genetic relationship between the Quechuan and Aymaran language families, accompanied by a lack of recognizable external gen- etic connections, suggests a long period of independent development, which may hark back to a period of incipient subsistence agriculture roughly dated between 8000 and 5000 BP (Torero 2002: 123–124), long before the Andean civilization at- tained its highest stages of complexity. Quechuan and Aymaran feature a great amount of detailed structural, phono- logical and lexical similarities and thus exemplify one of the most intriguing and intense cases of language contact to be found in the entire world. Often treated as a product of long-term convergence, the similarities between the Quechuan and Ay- maran families can best be understood as the result of an intense period of social and cultural intertwinement, which must have pre-dated the stage of the proto-lan- guages and was in turn followed by a protracted process of incidental and locally confined diffusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Native American Languages, Indigenous Languages of the Native Peoples of North, Middle, and South America
    Native American Languages, indigenous languages of the native peoples of North, Middle, and South America. The precise number of languages originally spoken cannot be known, since many disappeared before they were documented. In North America, around 300 distinct, mutually unintelligible languages were spoken when Europeans arrived. Of those, 187 survive today, but few will continue far into the 21st century, since children are no longer learning the vast majority of these. In Middle America (Mexico and Central America) about 300 languages have been identified, of which about 140 are still spoken. South American languages have been the least studied. Around 1500 languages are known to have been spoken, but only about 350 are still in use. These, too are disappearing rapidly. Classification A major task facing scholars of Native American languages is their classification into language families. (A language family consists of all languages that have evolved from a single ancestral language, as English, German, French, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Hindi, and others have all evolved from Proto-Indo-European.) Because of the vast number of languages spoken in the Americas, and the gaps in our information about many of them, the task of classifying these languages is a challenging one. In 1891, Major John Wesley Powell proposed that the languages of North America constituted 58 independent families, mainly on the basis of superficial vocabulary resemblances. At the same time Daniel Brinton posited 80 families for South America. These two schemes form the basis of subsequent classifications. In 1929 Edward Sapir tentatively proposed grouping these families into superstocks, 6 in North America and 15 in Middle America.
    [Show full text]
  • Typological Differences in Morphological Patterns, Gender Features, and Thematic Structure in the L2 Acquisition of Ashaninka Spanish
    languages Article Typological Differences in Morphological Patterns, Gender Features, and Thematic Structure in the L2 Acquisition of Ashaninka Spanish Liliana Sánchez 1,* ID and Elisabeth Mayer 2 ID 1 Department of Spanish and Portuguese, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 15 Seminary Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA 2 School of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, Australian National University, 110 Ellery Crescent, ACT 2601 Acton, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-848-932-6953 Received: 15 January 2018; Accepted: 1 June 2018; Published: 11 June 2018 Abstract: It has been widely argued that morphological competence, particularly functional morphology, represents the bottleneck of second language acquisition (Jensen et al. 2017; Lardiere 1998, 2005; Slabakova 2008, 2009, 2013). In this study, we explore three challenging aspects of the morphology of Spanish among advanced L1 Ashaninka—L2 Spanish speakers: (i) the acquisition of proclitics and enclitics with inflected verbs; (ii) the distribution of accusative clitics according to the thematic role of the direct object in anaphoric and doubling structures; and (iii) the distribution of clitic forms and their association with gender features. Our results show evidence of the L2 acquisition of clitic structures in L2 Spanish speakers, and no difference between native and L2 speakers regarding sensitivity to thematic roles. However, there are statistically significant differences between groups in the distribution of the gender specification of the clitic antecedents or doubled determiner phrases (DPs). We take these results as evidence in support of the view that morphological patterns can be acquired (proclitics vs. suffixes) as well as preferences for mapping thematic roles onto clitics, but subtle differences in the continuum of preferences for mapping gender features are more difficult to acquire.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Amazonian Kichwa
    DIVIDED WE STAND, UNIFIED WE FALL? THE IMPACT OF STANDARDISATION ON ORAL LANGUAGE VARIETIES: A CASE STUDY OF AMAZONIAN KICHWA Karolina Grzech* Anne Schwarz** Georgia Ennis*** Abstract This article adds to the discussion on standardisation of minority languages spoken in primarily oral cultures. Focusing on Amazonian Kichwa (Quechuan, lowland Ecuador), we show how the introduction of a written standard can undermine language transmission, prompt contradictory ideologies, and instil conflicting aims within speech communities. Our approach combines descriptive linguistics and ethnography. First, we examine the extent of variation within Amazonian Kichwa and compare the local varieties with the standard. We juxtapose this with the speakers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards variation, evidenced in their linguistic practices and discourse. We show that these perceptions have little to do with the features being standardised, but this does not preclude the speakers’ having clear attitudes towards what the perceived standard. To explain this, we propose that Amazonian Kichwa speakers value authenticity above mutual intelligibility, contrary to ideologies assigning value to languages as potential tools of wider communication. To conclude, we provide policy recommendations grounded in this study, but applicable to minoritised oral varieties in other contexts. Keywords: language standardisation; language variation; language attitudes; Quechua; Kichwa. RESISTIM DIVIDITS O ENS ENFONSEM UNITS? L’impACTE DE L’estANDARDITZACIÓ EN LES VARIETATS LINGÜÍSTIQUES ORALS: UN ESTUDI DE CAS DEL QUÍTXUA AMAZÒNIC Resum Aquest article és una contribució al debat sobre l’estandardització de les llengües minoritàries parlades en cultures predominantment orals. Centrant-nos en el quítxua amazònic (terres baixes de l’Equador), mostrem com la introducció d’una norma escrita pot minar la transmissió del llenguatge, generar ideologies contradictòries i inculcar objectius també contradictoris en les comunitats de parla.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of *Ô in the Cariban Family1, °
    Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 2 (May 2010): Fieldwork and Linguistic Analysis in Indigenous Languages of the Americas, ed. by Andrea L. Berez, Jean Mulder, and Daisy Rosenblum, pp. 91-123 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ 5 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4452 The Story of *ô in the Cariban Family1, ° Spike Gildeaa, B. J. Hoffb, and Sérgio Meirac aUniversity of Oregon bLeiden University cKoninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen/Leiden University This paper argues for the reconstruction of an unrounded mid central/back vowel *ô to Proto-Cariban. Recent comparative studies of the Cariban family encounter a consistent correspondence of ə : o : ɨ : e, tentatively reconstructed as *o2 (considering only pronouns; Meira 2002) and *ô (considering only seven languages; Meira & Franchetto 2005). The first empirical contribution of this paper is to expand the comparative database to twenty- one modern and two extinct Cariban languages, where the robustness of the correspond- ence is confirmed. In ten languages, *ô merges with another vowel, either *o or *ɨ. The second empirical contribution of this paper is to more closely analyze one apparent case of attested change from *ô > o, as seen in cognate forms from Island Carib and dialectal variation in Kari’nja (Carib of Surinam). Kari’nja words borrowed into Island Carib/Garí- funa show a split between rounded and unrounded back vowels: rounded back vowels are reflexes of *o and *u, unrounded back vowels reflexes of *ô and *ɨ. Our analysis of Island Carib phonology was originally developed by Douglas Taylor in the 1960s, supplemented with unpublished Garifuna data collected by Taylor in the 1950s.
    [Show full text]