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A First Comparison of Pronominal and Demonstrative Systems in the Cariban Language Family*
A FIRST COMPARISON OF PRONOMINAL AND DEMONSTRATIVE SYSTEMS IN THE CARIBAN LANGUAGE FAMILY* Sérgio Meira Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 1. Introduction The Cariban language family is composed of approximately 25 languages (numbers ranging from 20 to 50, depending on different researchers’ opinions about which varieties are dialects and which are independent languages), spoken by approximately 100,000 people in lowland South America, from south-eastern Colombia (where Karihona is spoken) to the Oiapoque river in Brazil (Karinya), from the coast of the Guianas (Karinya) down to the southern Xingu area in central Brazil (Bakairí). The field of comparative Cariban studies was initiated more than two hundred years ago, when the relationship between a number of Cariban languages was first noticed by Filippo Salvadore Gilij (1782). Unfortunately, the historical-comparative method has been only very rarely applied to Cariban languages, for two main reasons: (1) most of the languages are, to this day, poorly known, which means that there is very little reliable material to compare; (2) most people who compared Cariban languages were not trained comparativists. Girard (1971) remains the only methodical attempt at reconstructing Proto-Cariban lexical items and proposing a classification (unfortunately based on a still very poor data base). In the area of morphosyntax, Gildea (1998) presents the first reconstruction of the person-marking http://www.etnolinguistica.org/illa and tense-aspect-mood (TAM) systems of Proto-Cariban and their syntactic properties. This file is freely available for download at The present work attempts to contribute to the development of historical studies in the Cariban family by presenting a first preliminary reconstruction of the pronominal system of Proto-Cariban (including non-third-person and third-person, i.e. -
The Position of Indigenous Peoples in the Management of Tropical Forests
THE POSITION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TROPICAL FORESTS Gerard A. Persoon Tessa Minter Barbara Slee Clara van der Hammen Tropenbos International Wageningen, the Netherlands 2004 Gerard A. Persoon, Tessa Minter, Barbara Slee and Clara van der Hammen The Position of Indigenous Peoples in the Management of Tropical Forests (Tropenbos Series 23) Cover: Baduy (West-Java) planting rice ISBN 90-5113-073-2 ISSN 1383-6811 © 2004 Tropenbos International The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Tropenbos International. No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any form including print photocopy, microfilm, and electromagnetic record without prior written permission. Photos: Gerard A. Persoon (cover and Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7), Carlos Rodríguez and Clara van der Hammen (Chapter 5) and Barbara Slee (Chapter 6) Layout: Blanca Méndez CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 1. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND NATURAL RESOURCE 3 MANAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL POLICY GUIDELINES 1.1 The International Labour Organization 3 1.1.1 Definitions 4 1.1.2 Indigenous peoples’ position in relation to natural resource 5 management 1.1.3 Resettlement 5 1.1.4 Free and prior informed consent 5 1.2 World Bank 6 1.2.1 Definitions 7 1.2.2 Indigenous Peoples’ position in relation to natural resource 7 management 1.2.3 Indigenous Peoples’ Development Plan and resettlement 8 1.3 UN Draft Declaration on the -
Tomochichi's Trans-Atlantic Quest for Traditional Power in The
Tomochichi’s Trans-Atlantic Quest for Traditional Power in the Colonial Southeast. By: Steven Peach Peach, S. (2013) Creek Indian Globetrotter: Tomochichi’s Trans-Atlantic Quest for Traditional Power in the Colonial Southeast. Ethnohistory, 60(4), 605-635. DOI: DOI 10.1215/00141801- 23133849 Made available courtesy of The American Society for Ethnohistory and Duke University Press: http://ethnohistory.dukejournals.org/content/60/4/605.abstract ***Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction is authorized without written permission from Duke University Press. This version of the document is not the version of record. Figures and/or pictures may be missing from this format of the document. *** Abstract: This essay reinterprets the life of a famous Muscogee Creek leader and examines the relationship between chiefly power and foreign travel in American Indian studies and Atlantic world studies. In spring 1734, the Creek headman Tomochichi and British imperialist James Edward Oglethorpe traveled to London to ratify a treaty that established the British colony of Georgia in the neighborhood of the Creek Confederacy. During his five-month sojourn, Tomochichi forged alliances with the Georgia trustees and the British royal family that resulted in a unique trans- Atlantic network of patronage. Upon return home, he leveraged his ocean-going imperial connections to craft an authoritative chieftainship that dated to the seventeenth-century Mississippian era. Keywords: history | ethnohistory | muscogee creek | chieftains | native american studies | atlantic world studies | Tomochichi Article: At the turn of the twentieth century, anthropologist John Reed Swanton recorded the origins of the Hitchiti Creeks, who spoke the Hitchiti dialect of the Muscogean (mus-KO-gee-an) language family. -
Aspersión Aérea De Cultivos En Colombia: UNA
LA ASPERSIÓN AÉREA DE CULTIVOS EN COLOMBIA UNA ESTRATEGIA FALLIDA UNA ESTRATEGIA FALLIDA A Antonio Orduz Oficina en Washington para Asuntos Latinoamericanos WOLA, 2008 LA ASPERSIÓN AÉREA DE CULTIVOS EN COLOMBIA UNA ESTRATEGIA FALLIDA Oficina en Washington para Asuntos Latinoamericanos (WOLA) 1630 Conneticut Avenue, NW, Suite 200, Washington, D.C. 20009 Teléfono: 202.797.2171 • Fax: 202.797.2172 Email: [email protected] • Web: www.wola.org ISBN: XX-XXXX-XX AUTORES John Walsh Coordinador de Programas, Andes y Política Narcótica – WOLA Gimena Sánchez-Garzoli Coordinadora de Programas, Colombia y Haití – WOLA Yamile Salinas Abdala Asesora – Indepaz Edición dE tExtOs, disEñO E imprEsión Forma Gráfica Editores S.A. Bogotá D.C., abril de 2008 Impreso en Colombia Es una falacia y en cierto sentido un crimen de guerra, sostener que la única manera para combatir el narcotráfico y doblegar a la guerrilla y a los paramilitares sea destruyendo la naturale- za y atacando a la gente pobre. Eduardo Cifuentes Muñoz ex Defensor del Pueblo CONTENIDO CONTENIDO Introducción 11 Capítulo 1 13 Colombia: megadiversidad y multiculturalidad Megadiversidad biótica, fragilidad de los ecosistemas e importancia global 15 Diversidad Cultural 17 Estrategias para la protección de la diversidad natural y cultural en Colombia 18 Acciones judiciales en torno a la afectación de los derechos étnicos por las fumigaciones 18 • Acción de tutela de la Organización de Pueblos Indígenas de la Amazonia Colombiana (OPIAC) 19 • Acción de tutela del Pueblo Indígena Nasa del Resguardo de Calderas en Tierradentro, Cauca 19 Capítulo 2 21 Situación agraria nacional Contexto básico para entender las causas del crecimiento de los Cultivos de uso ilícito 23 El fondo del problema 23 Reforma agraria vs. -
The Caddo After Europeans
Volume 2016 Article 91 2016 Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans Timothy K. Perttula Heritage Research Center, Stephen F. Austin State University, [email protected] Robert Cast Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Perttula, Timothy K. and Cast, Robert (2016) "Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2016, Article 91. https://doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2016.1.91 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/91 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/91 -
Mingas-De-La-Palabra.Pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Derivadas CC BY-NC-ND Licencia
Mingas de la palabra : textualidades oralitegráficas y visiones de cabeza en las Titulo oralituras y literaturas indígenas contemporáneas Rocha Vivas, Miguel - Autor/a; Autor(es) La Habana Lugar Fondo Editorial Casa de las Américas Editorial/Editor 2016 Fecha Colección Comunidades indígenas; Literatura; Oralidad; Analfabetismo; América Latina; Temas Colombia; Libro Tipo de documento "http://biblioteca.clacso.org/Cuba/casa/20200419041222/Mingas-de-la-palabra.pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Derivadas CC BY-NC-ND Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.org Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.org Fondo Editorial Casa de las Américas Fondo Editorial Casa de las Américas Fondo Editorial Casa de las Américas Fondo Editorial Casa de las Américas Edición: Nisleidys Flores Diseño: Ricardo Rafael Villares Corrección: Gilda María Fernández Chaviano e Iris Cano Diagramación: Luis Moya © Miguel Rocha Vivas, 2016 © Sobre la presente edición: Fondo Editorial Casa de las Américas, 2016 ISBN 978-959-260-491-9 Fondo Editorial Casa de las Américas FONDO EDITORIAL CASA DE LAS AMÉRICAS casa 3ra. y G, El Vedado, La Habana, Cuba www.casadelasamericas.com Para Alelí. En homenaje a los migrantes hispanos e indígenas en Carolina del Norte. En memoria de Steven Heller, arquitecto de la amistad entre mundos. Fondo Editorial Casa de las Américas AGRADECIMIENTOS LA VERSIÓN ORIGINAL de este libro se escribió como trabajo doctoral con el apoyo del Departamento de Romance Studies de la Univer- sidad de Carolina del Norte (UNC) en Chapel Hill. -
Growing up Indian: an Emic Perspective
GROWING UP INDIAN: AN EMIC PERSPECTIVE By GEORGE BUNDY WASSON, JR. A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Anthropology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy june 2001 ii "Growing Up Indian: An Ernie Perspective," a dissertation prepared by George B. Wasson, Jr. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology. This dissertation is approved and accepted by: Committee in charge: Dr. jon M. Erlandson, Chair Dr. C. Melvin Aikens Dr. Madonna L. Moss Dr. Rennard Strickland (outside member) Dr. Barre Toelken Accepted by: ------------------------------�------------------ Dean of the Graduate School iii Copyright 2001 George B. Wasson, Jr. iv An Abstract of the Dissertation of George Bundy Wasson, Jr. for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology to be taken June 2001 Title: GROWING UP INDIAN: AN EMIC PERSPECTN E Approved: My dissertation, GROWING UP INDIAN: AN EMIC PERSPECTN E describes the historical and contemporary experiences of the Coquille Indian Tribe and their close neighbors (as manifested in my own family), in relation to their shared cultures, languages, and spiritual practices. I relate various tribal reactions to the tragedy of cultural genocide as experienced by those indigenous groups within the "Black Hole" of Southwest Oregon. My desire is to provide an "inside" (ernie) perspective on the history and cultural changes of Southwest Oregon. I explain Native responses to living primarily in a non-Indian world, after the nearly total loss of aboriginal Coquelle culture and tribal identity through v decimation by disease, warfare, extermination, and cultural genocide through the educational policies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. -
Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran
Languages of the Middle Andes in areal-typological perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran Willem F.H. Adelaar 1. Introduction1 Among the indigenous languages of the Andean region of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina, Quechuan and Aymaran have traditionally occupied a dominant position. Both Quechuan and Aymaran are language families of several million speakers each. Quechuan consists of a conglomerate of geo- graphically defined varieties, traditionally referred to as Quechua “dialects”, not- withstanding the fact that mutual intelligibility is often lacking. Present-day Ayma- ran consists of two distinct languages that are not normally referred to as “dialects”. The absence of a demonstrable genetic relationship between the Quechuan and Aymaran language families, accompanied by a lack of recognizable external gen- etic connections, suggests a long period of independent development, which may hark back to a period of incipient subsistence agriculture roughly dated between 8000 and 5000 BP (Torero 2002: 123–124), long before the Andean civilization at- tained its highest stages of complexity. Quechuan and Aymaran feature a great amount of detailed structural, phono- logical and lexical similarities and thus exemplify one of the most intriguing and intense cases of language contact to be found in the entire world. Often treated as a product of long-term convergence, the similarities between the Quechuan and Ay- maran families can best be understood as the result of an intense period of social and cultural intertwinement, which must have pre-dated the stage of the proto-lan- guages and was in turn followed by a protracted process of incidental and locally confined diffusion. -
(SANICH) CHINOOK JARGON TEXT 1 Dell Hymes University of Virginia
1 THOMAS PAUL'S 'SAMETL': VERSE ANALYSI S OF A (SANICH) CHINOOK JARGON TEXT 1 Dell Hymes University of Virginia I Questions as to the origin, development, and role of pidgin and creole languages include questions as to the patterning of discourse in them, Some such languages have b~n found to show regularity of patterning of the sort called 'measured verse', discoveroo first in a number of American Indian languages, especially of the North Pacific ~oast (Judith Berman (Kwagut), John Dunn (Tsimshian), myself (Alsea, Beila Coola, Chinookan, Kalapuya, Takelma), Virginia Hymes (Sahaptin), and Dale Kinkade (Chehalis». (For general discussion, ct. Hymes 1981, 1985b, 1987, ms). I have come upon such patterning in two languages of the PaCifiC, Hawaiian Pidgin English (a short text published by Derek Bickerton), and Kriol, a language of Australia (see Hymes 1988). The growing evidence of such patterning in distant and unrelated languages (Finnish, New Testament • rJ:j~.. Greek, West African French, Appalachian English, as well as American Indian languages such as Lakota, Ojibwe, Tonkawa, Zuni), together with the restricted set of alternative choices of patterning so far found, suggests something inherent and universal. I am Willing to believe that the impulse to such form may be inherent, a universal concomitant, or better, dimension of language. The restricted set of alternatives might suggest an innate modular baSiS, analogous to Chomsky's current approach, for the particulars as well as the dimension. A functional explanation, however, is also possible. If patterning is to infuse discourse with organization relationships, style woven fine, pairs and triads are the smallest alternative groupings. -
Native American Languages, Indigenous Languages of the Native Peoples of North, Middle, and South America
Native American Languages, indigenous languages of the native peoples of North, Middle, and South America. The precise number of languages originally spoken cannot be known, since many disappeared before they were documented. In North America, around 300 distinct, mutually unintelligible languages were spoken when Europeans arrived. Of those, 187 survive today, but few will continue far into the 21st century, since children are no longer learning the vast majority of these. In Middle America (Mexico and Central America) about 300 languages have been identified, of which about 140 are still spoken. South American languages have been the least studied. Around 1500 languages are known to have been spoken, but only about 350 are still in use. These, too are disappearing rapidly. Classification A major task facing scholars of Native American languages is their classification into language families. (A language family consists of all languages that have evolved from a single ancestral language, as English, German, French, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Hindi, and others have all evolved from Proto-Indo-European.) Because of the vast number of languages spoken in the Americas, and the gaps in our information about many of them, the task of classifying these languages is a challenging one. In 1891, Major John Wesley Powell proposed that the languages of North America constituted 58 independent families, mainly on the basis of superficial vocabulary resemblances. At the same time Daniel Brinton posited 80 families for South America. These two schemes form the basis of subsequent classifications. In 1929 Edward Sapir tentatively proposed grouping these families into superstocks, 6 in North America and 15 in Middle America. -
Mary's River Kalapuyan: a Descriptive Phonology
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 5-1976 Mary's River Kalapuyan: A Descriptive Phonology Yvonne P. Hajda Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Linguistic Anthropology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Hajda, Yvonne P., "Mary's River Kalapuyan: A Descriptive Phonology" (1976). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2491. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2488 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. I 1. \ i I I AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Yvonne P. Hajda for the Master of Arts in t-· .Anthropology presented May 11, 1976. Title: Mary's River Kalapuyan: A Descriptive Phonology. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITTEE: Pierce David H. French The thesis is an attempt to apply procedures of aescriptive linguis- tic analysis to a body of mater~al phonetically transcribed by Leo J. Frachtenberg in the Mary's River dialect of ·the central Kalapuyan lan- guage. In 191~-14, Frachtenberg collected thirteen volumes of myth texts ~ .. in Mary's River, twelve from.William Hartless and one from Grace Wheeler; I • in addition, there were nQtes to the texts, three volumes of grannnatical notes, and some ~thnographic material. The phonetic transcription was. carried out in the pre-phonemic tr·adition of recording everything the speaker said as accurately as possible. -
A Case Study of Amazonian Kichwa
DIVIDED WE STAND, UNIFIED WE FALL? THE IMPACT OF STANDARDISATION ON ORAL LANGUAGE VARIETIES: A CASE STUDY OF AMAZONIAN KICHWA Karolina Grzech* Anne Schwarz** Georgia Ennis*** Abstract This article adds to the discussion on standardisation of minority languages spoken in primarily oral cultures. Focusing on Amazonian Kichwa (Quechuan, lowland Ecuador), we show how the introduction of a written standard can undermine language transmission, prompt contradictory ideologies, and instil conflicting aims within speech communities. Our approach combines descriptive linguistics and ethnography. First, we examine the extent of variation within Amazonian Kichwa and compare the local varieties with the standard. We juxtapose this with the speakers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards variation, evidenced in their linguistic practices and discourse. We show that these perceptions have little to do with the features being standardised, but this does not preclude the speakers’ having clear attitudes towards what the perceived standard. To explain this, we propose that Amazonian Kichwa speakers value authenticity above mutual intelligibility, contrary to ideologies assigning value to languages as potential tools of wider communication. To conclude, we provide policy recommendations grounded in this study, but applicable to minoritised oral varieties in other contexts. Keywords: language standardisation; language variation; language attitudes; Quechua; Kichwa. RESISTIM DIVIDITS O ENS ENFONSEM UNITS? L’impACTE DE L’estANDARDITZACIÓ EN LES VARIETATS LINGÜÍSTIQUES ORALS: UN ESTUDI DE CAS DEL QUÍTXUA AMAZÒNIC Resum Aquest article és una contribució al debat sobre l’estandardització de les llengües minoritàries parlades en cultures predominantment orals. Centrant-nos en el quítxua amazònic (terres baixes de l’Equador), mostrem com la introducció d’una norma escrita pot minar la transmissió del llenguatge, generar ideologies contradictòries i inculcar objectius també contradictoris en les comunitats de parla.