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160°W 150°W 140°W 130°W 120°W 110°W 100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W 30°W 20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E 70°E 80°E 90°E 100°E 110°E 120°E 130°E 140°E 150°E 160°E 170°E 180°E 170°W Arctic Ocean 80°N UNESCOUNESCO MapMap ofof thethe World’sWorld’s 80°N Greenland North Greenlandic Sea United Nations 1 BELGIUM LanguagesLanguages inin DangerDanger Greenland 2 LUXEMBOURG Educational, Scientific and 3 LIECHTENSTEIN 4 MONACO Laptev Beaufort 5 ANDORRA Sea Cultural Organization Ban 6 SAN MARINO East Siberian 7 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA North Alaskan 8 MONTENEGRO Nganasan Sea Inupiaq Sea Kara Bay 9 HOLY SEE Barents Sea Tundra 10 SWITZERLAND Sea Enets 11 SLOVENIA Dolgan Qikiqtaaluk Siglitun Victoria Island 12 THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 70°N uannangani 70°N Natsilingmiutut Baffin Island Skolt Saami Akkala Ter Saami Yurats Tundra North Inari Saami Forest Yukagir North Alaskan U.S.A. North Alaskan Saami Saami Enets Inupiaq Gwich'in Inupiaq Kildin Koyukon Inuinnaqtun Lule Even Chukchi East Cape Seward Peninsula Saami Tundra RUSSIAN FEDERATION Yupik Inupiaq Alaska Gwich'in East Greenlandic Saami Nenets Kemi Saami Pite Han Saami Holikachuk North Slavey Han Aivilingmiutut Qikiqtaaluk West Greenlandic Northern Seward Selkup Forest Peninsula nigiani Yukagir ICELAND Ume Forest Inupiaq Seward Peninsula Tanana Inupiaq Saami Nenets Old Sirenik Seward Peninsula Tanacross Dogrib FINLAND Evenki Inupiaq Northern Tutchone South Kerek Saami Northern Karelian Upper Tanaina South Slavey SWEDEN Northern Khanty Koryak Central Faroese Lude Kuskokwim Mansi Ket Siberian Ahtna Upper Kivallirmiutut Eastern Yupik Olonetsian Komi Yakut Ingalik Tanana Kaska NORWAY Khanty Eyak Labrador Norn Baltic Alutor Central Alaskan Dalecarlian Yug Sea Vote Western Yupik Tlingit Hudson Southern 60°N Southern Veps Mansi Eastern Arman 60°N Pacic Gulf Tutchone Tagish Sea Ingrian Mansi Khanty Yupik Yazva Central Central Alaskan CANADA Scottish Gaelic Karelian Komi Selkup Tahltan U. K. OF Karelian Kamas Yupik Bay Livonian ESTONIA Permyak Turk Kamas Bering Bering Tlingit GREAT BRITAIN AND Itelmen Southern Southern Eastern Sekani Nunavimmiutitut NORTHERN IRELAND Selkup Kamchadal Sea Nunatsiavummiutut Võro-Seto Karelian Western Eastern Mansi Scots Gutnish Krevin Mari Sea Tsetsaut Scanian Mari DENMARK Udmurt Siberian Chulym Nisga'a Beaver North South LATVIA Turk Aleut Aleut Dene Jutish Latgalian Tatar Kott Plains Sea Slovincian Tsimshian Cree Swampy Rigolet Inuktitut LITHUANIA Chuvash Even Gulf of Cree Manx Copper Gitksan North Frisian Belarusian Sea Island Aleut Woods Irish Baraba Mator Naskapi West Karaim Nivkh of Northern Haida Cree Frisian R.F. Bashkir Tatar Tofa Saterlandic Okhotsk Alaska Haisla Carrier Northern East Kashubian Moksha Erzya Southern Haida Chilcotin Oji-Cree Cree Khakas Orok Aleut Shuswap IRELAND Yiddish Soyot Heiltsuk Low Shor Northern Straits Michif West Saxon BELARUS Dukha Negidal Nivkh Salish Moose Cree Yola NETHER. Sorbian POLAND Polesian Buryat Aleutian Islands Bella Squamish Welsh Flemish Northern Khamnigan Southern Stoney Saulteau Eastern Limburgian- Mongol Kamchadal Coola Lillooet Okanagan Northwestern Montagnais Walloon Ripuarian GERMANY Altay Sechelt Sarcee Alderney Evenki Ulcha Kutenai Ojibwe Cornish French Vilamovian Tuvan Evenki Evenki Kwak'wala Pentlatch Western Luxemburgian Southern Manchu Lakota 1 Eastern Altay Khövsgöl Buryat Aleutian Islands Comox/Sliammon Blackfoot Montagnais Jersey French Karaim Nanay Sakhalin 50°N Southern East Picard East Slovak Uryangkhay 50°N Thompson Assiniboine Bungee Central Northern Cree Guernsey French Lorrain Franconian Buryat Manchurian Kili Nootka KalispelAssiniboine Blackfoot Dakota Ojibwe Algonquin 2 CZECH REP. UKRAINE Ölöt Nooksack FRANCE Rhenish Dagur Halkomelem Atikamekw Huron- Norman Franconian Csángó KAZAKHSTAN Dagur Oroch Makah Gros Hidatsa Wyandot Champenois Burgundian SLOVAKIA Urum Karagash Manchu Straits Salish Klallam Arikara Malecite Rusyn Hungarian Plautdietsch Solon Dagur Ventre Western Breton Alemannic Bavarian REP. of Mariupolitan Sinkiang Quileute Columbian Spokane Montana Ottawa Gallo Burgenland Romani Yurt Tatar Ainu Salish Ojibwe Maniwaki Abenaki Limousin Romansh MOLDOVA Greek Dagur Quinault Lushootseed Algonquin Micmac AUSTRIA Croatian Nogay Karachay- Kabard- Ongkor Manchurian Kilen Udege Twana Mandan Potawatomi Franc-Comtois 3 Kirghiz Eastern Mohawk Eastern Poitevin-Saintongeais 10 Balkar Cherkes Solon Ainu Potawatomi Mohawk Franco- HUNGARY Crimean Adyge Ojibwe Mohawk Abenaki Maliseet- Gagauz Passamaquoddy Resian Slovene provençal Transylvanian Tatar Kalmyk Menominee Mohawk AUSTRIA Auvergnat 11 CROATIA Karaim Oyrat MONGOLIA Crow Cheyenne Mohawk Ladin Alpine Lombard Banat Saxon Abaza Ili Turk Vojvodina Bulgarian Nogay Alabugat Tatar Asturia- Provençal Töitschu Rusyn Crimean Trukhmen Kyakala Basque Gascon Northern Shoshoni UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Mohawk Leonese ROMANIA Turkish Paiute Oneida Onondaga Friulian SLOVENIA Ligurian 6 Arbanasi SERBIA Winnebago Winnebago Kickapoo 7 Crimean Tatar Ubykh Dungan Mòcheno Ljub. Languedocian Corsican Emilian- 6 Tazy CANADA Onondaga Provençal 4 Molise Black Homshetsma Sibe Arapaho Ottawa Tuscarora Cimbrian Romagnol Croatian Torlak Shoshoni Sioux Oneida Western Piedmontese 8 Gagauz Sea Abkhaz Svan Ainu Micmac Seneca Venetan 5 9 ITALY Faetar Judezmo Omaha-Ponca Seneca Abenaki Sassarese Gallurese BULGARIA Mingrelian Caspian UZBEKISTAN Oneida Aragonese GEORGIA Pacic Sauk-Fox Munsee Istriot South ALBANIA Pontic Greek KYRGYZSTAN Hokkaidö Ottawa SPAIN Arbëreshë 12 Cappadocian Western Homshetsma Sea Bukharic Kickapoo Potawatomi Algherese Albanian Italian Megleno- Armenian Laz AZERBAIJAN Istro-Romanian CROATIA Greek Saryg Yugur Potawatomi Mohawk Catalan Logudorese Romanian Shira Yugur DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S 40°N Gardiol Zazaki ARMENIA Yaghnobi Bartangi 40°N Shoshoni Ute Cayuga ITALY Dalmatian Gottscheerish PORTUGAL Griko Aromanian TURKEY Mlahso TURKMENISTAN Parya REPUBLIC OF KOREA Sea Munsee Gallo- Yazgulami Roshorvi TAJIKISTAN Jicarilla Corot Ubykh Hértevin Huzhu Southern Ute Ute Unami Potawatomi Campidanese Sicilian Arvanite Kurmanji Monguor of Apache Italkian Albanian Kilit Talysh Ordos Paiute U. S. A. Tayurayt Turoyo Lishan Rushani Japan Tacenwit Sarikoli Minhe Monguor Havasupai Taos Tamazight Cappadocian Didan Tati Shughni Salar Upland Tewa Griko GREECE Senaya Bonan Yuman Tewa Arkansas Sicilian Greek Mlahso Hulaula Wakhi CHINA Kangjia Hopi Navajo Picuris Tsakonian Tangwang Hualapai Sanhaja Lishana Deni Semnani Khorasani Turk Central Asian Wutun REPUBLIC Honshü Quapaw Cypriot SYRIAN ARAB Suret Arabic Santa Yellow JAPAN Jemez of Srair MALTA Arabic Lishanid Khalaj Mohave Cherokee Miami-Illinois Zenatiya Sened Barzani Jewish Sea OF KOREA Yavapai Rio Grande Keresan Huron- Tamazight TUNISIA REPUBLIC Noshan Hawrami Ashtiani IRAN Gangou Mohave Southern Tiwa Cherokee Ghomara Western Western Neo-Aramaic Zuni Acoma- Choctaw Catawba Wyandot Mediterranean Sea CYPRUS Khunsari (ISLAMIC Jone Chemehuevi Tamazight Tasnusit Armenian Neo-Aramaic Parachi Ocean Quechan Maricopa Laguna Kansa Osage Nafusi Vafsi Moghol Madeira Moroccan LEBANON REPUBLIC OF) 7 Western Mescalero- Choctaw Pawnee Judeo-Arabic Tunisian Dzhidi Natanzi Cocopa Lipan GOLAN IRAQ Zhaba Baima 1 Apache Chiricahua Chiwere Cayuga Atlantic Touggourt Judeo-Arabic Hachijo Alabama Yuchi MOROCCO Tamzabit Tamazight Gazi Nayini AFGHANISTAN Choyi Shikoku Cocopa Yaqui Apache Natchez Cheyenne Tamazight ISRAEL WEST Ormuri Guichong Koasati Creek Figuig BANK O'odham GAZA Dari Soi Kiliwa O'odham Sonora Tunica Mandaic Muya Aqaw Northern East Mountain Tujia Kyüshü Lower Guarijío Arapaho Judeo-Berber Tagargrent Ghadames Koroshi Ersu Gelao China CHINA 30°N Pima Koasati JORDAN Bashkardi PAKISTAN Zaiwa Shixing Waxiang 30°N Chihuahua Kiowa Sea Amami Ketangalan River Lower Pima Sivandi Miju Namuyi Basay Paipai Guarijío Kickapoo ALGERIA LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA KUWAIT Lari Khampti White Kulun Seri Kickapoo Kiowa Potawatomi Korandje Taznatit Siwi Persian Anung Green Tayal Canary Islands Brahui Gelao Gelao Saisiyat Yaqui Northwestern Apache NEPAL Anung Talu Kunigami Kickapoo Mikasuki Shawnee Gulf Southern Tujia Taokas Kavalan Tarahumara Kumzari Miqie Pazeh Yonaguni Western Comanche Singpho Mulao Papora Mayo Sawkna BAHRAIN BHUTAN Naluo Nansei Islands Tarahumara Gulf of Mescalero- Chickasaw Western Tidikelt Coptic Angika Babuza Taipei Chiricahua Awjila Southeastern MEXICO Okinawan Tarahumara Apache Caddo Choctaw QATAR Thao Yaeyama Sahara Tamahaq She Mexico BAHAMAS Ocean EGYPT Khojki BANGLADESH 12 Miyako Nataoran Huichol Wichita U.S.A. INDIA Hoanya Hawaiian Tropic of Cancer UNITED 10 Patua Taroko Tropic of Cancer Southwestern Zidgali Mizo Amis ARAB Nahali Mru Siraiya Tepehuan SAUDI ARABIA Gulf of Oman Bawm Taiwan Taiwan Bunun Tamahaq EMIRATES OMAN Kolami Strait Taiwan, Tsou Hawaii Zenaga Nihali Strait Harsusi Manda Sak China Pyuma MAURITANIA Yaw Kanakanabu Rukai Pacic Lakon CUBA Remo Sora Red Kui Sak Saaroa Paiwan Dorig 20°N Imeraguen Korku LAO Central Cagayan Luzon Strait Olrat 20°N Sea Jibbali Agta Gulf of DOMINICAN PUERTO MALI Naiki Gondi Faire Atta Koro Kuvi P.D.R. Dupaninan Taiwan, China Yami Ocean HAITI RICO Razihi Pengo Agta REPUBLIC Parji Geta? Gutob Pyu Honduras Hobyot Gadaba Nemadi NIGER Konda JAMAICA CAPE VERDE Dahaalik Bathari Bay of Luzon Arta Dicamay Agta Philippine BELIZE ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Zenaga Tamajeq MYANMAR Koasati Alabama Tamaceq SUDAN Mehri Kurru Gorum Bengal VIET NAM Sea Luzon Strait ST. KITTS AND NEVIS Island Carib Paloor Northern Alta Guadeloupe Noon CHAD Alabat Island Agta Caribbean Bassari ERITREA
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  • On the Geographical Origins and Dispersion of Tupian Languages

    On the Geographical Origins and Dispersion of Tupian Languages

    On the geographical origins and dispersion of Tupian Language s Greg Urban University of Pennsylvania Where did the Tupian languages originate? How did they come to occupy the ir historical homelands? José Brochado (1984), filling in a n1ajor lacuna in Lathrap' s ( 1970) scheme, has added a distinctive voice to the long- standing debates surrounding these questions. Iam grateful to Francisco Noelli for bringing him to my attention. As Noelli indicates, Bro chado ' s work provides the foundations for dialog and coope ration between linguistic s, cultural anthropology, and archaeology. It is in the spirit of cooperation and dialogue that I'll make some friendly criticistns of his resea rch , as well as of the linguistic and cultural work pertinent to the question of Tupian origins. My purpo se will be to pinpoint areas for further research that might provide clue s for solv ing the continuing mystery surroundin g the Tupi. I' ll be conce rned prín1arily with two principal hypotheses put forth by Brochado , the first deriving from Donald Lathrap, the second the nove l contribution of Brochado hi1nse]f: GR EG URI3 AN. ÜN THE GEOCiRAPHICAL ORJGINS ANO DISPERSION OF T UPIAN L ANGUAGES 1 1- Displaced Pe rsons Hypot hes is : that the Tupian stock originated a1ong the 1nain co u rse of the Atna zo n ri ver. Th e hypoth es is is ba sed on the obse rvation that the fami lies of the Tupi an stock (other than the Tupí-Guaraní fan1i]y) occ upy tributarie s of "the upp er co ur se of the Xingu, Tapajós, and Ma deira .
  • An Annotated Bibliography of Nuristan (Kafiristan) and the Kalash Kafirs of Chitral Part One

    An Annotated Bibliography of Nuristan (Kafiristan) and the Kalash Kafirs of Chitral Part One

    Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser udgivet af Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Bind 41, nr. 3 Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 41, no. 3 (1966) AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NURISTAN (KAFIRISTAN) AND THE KALASH KAFIRS OF CHITRAL PART ONE SCHUYLER JONES With a Map by Lennart Edelberg København 1966 Kommissionær: Munksgaard X Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab udgiver følgende publikationsrækker: The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters issues the following series of publications: Bibliographical Abbreviation. Oversigt over Selskabets Virksomhed (8°) Overs. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (Annual in Danish) Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser (8°) Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter (4°) Hist. Filos. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (History, Philology, Philosophy, Archeology, Art History) Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser (8°) Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Matematisk-fysiske Skrifter (4°) Mat. Fys. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, Geology) Biologiske Meddelelser (8°) Biol. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Biologiske Skrifter (4°) Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (Botany, Zoology, General Biology) Selskabets sekretariat og postadresse: Dantes Plads 5, København V. The address of the secretariate of the Academy is: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Dantes Plads 5, Köbenhavn V, Denmark. Selskabets kommissionær: Munksgaard’s Forlag, Prags Boulevard 47, København S. The publications are sold by the agent of the Academy: Munksgaard, Publishers, 47 Prags Boulevard, Köbenhavn S, Denmark. HISTORI SK-FILOSO FISKE MEDDELELSER UDGIVET AF DET KGL. DANSKE VIDENSKABERNES SELSKAB BIND 41 KØBENHAVN KOMMISSIONÆR: MUNKSGAARD 1965—66 INDHOLD Side 1. H jelholt, H olger: British Mediation in the Danish-German Conflict 1848-1850. Part One. From the MarCh Revolution to the November Government.