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Home , Craniate, Deuterostome

KINGDOM ANIMALIA: The Diversity

Deuterostomes

roundworms mollusks flatworms

Animals with a 3-layer embryo

cnidarians with tissues

placozoans Animals 2 Fig. 25-7b, p. 407 COELOMATES

Echinodermata

 Phylum Chordata

3 DEUTEROSTOMES

 Phylum Echinodermata

= “spiny skin”

 ~10,000 species (mostly marine)

 Examples

 Sea star, , , sand dollar

4 Echinoderms

 Characteristics

 5 part body plan

 Symmetry (most)

 Larvae  bilateral

 Adult  “radial”

 Water vascular system

 Movement

5 Water Vascular System

6 Animal Diversity

chordates Deuterostomes echinoderms

arthropods tardigrades Ecdysozoa roundworms Protostomes rotifers mollusks Lophotrochozoa annelids flatworms

Animals with a 3-layer embryo

cnidarians Animals with tissues

sponges placozoans Animals 7 Fig. 25-7b, p. 407 PHYLUM CHORDATA

 ~50,000 species

 4 common features

 Notochord

 Dorsal hollow nerve cord

 Pharyngeal slits

 Post anal tail

 Other common characteristics

 Bilateral

 Coelomate

 Complete digestive system

 Closed circulatory system 8 Chordates

& invertebrate species

 Invertebrate chordates

 No backbone

 ~2,100 species

chordates

 Backbone of or

enclosed in

9 Phylogeny

lampreys ray-finned “” cartilaginous fishes lobe-finned fishes

swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates

ancestral chordates Invertebrate Chordates

 Subphylum Cephalochordata

 Lancelets (Amphioxis)

 Scaleless, -like

 Notochord extends to front of head

11 Invertebrate Chordates

 Subphylum Urochordata

 Tunicates (Sea Squirts)

 Motile larvae, sessile adults

12 Chordate Phylogeny

tunicates lampreys ray-finned fishes lungfishes “reptiles” lancelets hagfishes cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals fishes lobe-finned fishes amniotes

tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates FISH

Jawless Jawed

Cartilage Skeleton Bony Skeleton

Ray-finned Lobe-finned

14 Invertebrate

 Predators, scavengers

 Predators, scavengers

 Characteristics

 Jawless

 Cartilage skeleton

 Unpaired fins

 No backbone!

15 Jawless Vertebrate

 Lampreys

 Predators (almost parasites)

 Characteristics

 Jawless

 Cartilage skeleton

 Unpaired fins

 Have a backbone!

16 Chordate Phylogeny

tunicates lampreys ray-finned fishes lungfishes “reptiles” lancelets hagfishes cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals fishes lobe-finned fishes amniotes

tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates

 “Cartilage fish”

 Examples

, skates, rays

 Characteristics

 Jaws

 Teeth not fused to jaw

 Cartilage skeleton

 Calcified

 Gill slits separate & exposed

18 Chordate Phylogeny

tunicates lampreys ray-finned fishes lungfishes “reptiles” lancelets hagfishes cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals fishes lobe-finned fishes amniotes

tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates Bony fishes

 Ray-finned fish (“ray-wing”)

 Most fish species

 Examples

 Trout, salmon, etc.

 Characteristics

 Jaws

 Skeleton of bone

 Swim bladders (most)

 Paired fins

 Single gill opening (operculum)

20 Bony Fish Body Plan

21

Other bony fish

 Lobed-finned fish (“flesh-wing”)

 General characteristics like bony-fish

 Ventral fins (paired) formed from fleshy body extensions

 Example: coelacanth

23 Chordate Phylogeny

tunicates lampreys ray-finned fishes lungfishes “reptiles” lancelets hagfishes cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals fishes lobe-finned fishes amniotes

tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates Class Amphibia

 “Double-life” ~5,700 species

 Examples

, toads, newts,

 Characteristics

 Reproduction tied to water

 Respiration: lungs, gills and/or skin

 Moist glandular skin

 3-chambered

 Ectotherms

25 Chordate Phylogeny

tunicates lampreys ray-finned fishes lungfishes “reptiles” lancelets hagfishes cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals fishes lobe-finned fishes amniotes

tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates snakes lizards

“stem” reptiles tuataras

ichthyosaurs

plesiosaurs birds therapod dinosaurs

other dinosaurs

pterosaurs

crocodilians therapsids synapsids mammals

CARBONIFEROUS TERTIARY TO PALEOZOIC ERA MESOZOIC ERA PRESENT

Fig. 26-16c, p. 442 Class Reptilia

 “To creep”

 ~ 8,000 species

 Examples

 Snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles & alligators

 Characteristics

 Dry skin

 Scales

 Ectotherms

 Amniotic egg 28

Chordate Phylogeny

tunicates lampreys ray-finned fishes lungfishes “reptiles” lancelets hagfishes cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals fishes lobe-finned fishes amniotes

tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates Class Aves

 Examples

 Birds

 10,000 species

 Characteristics

 Feathers

 Modified forelimbs (wings)

 Leg scales

 “Hollow”

 Endotherms

 Amniotic egg (calcareous shell)

31 Kookaburra sits in the old gumtree… Chordate Phylogeny

tunicates lampreys ray-finned fishes lungfishes “reptiles” lancelets hagfishes cartilaginous amphibians birds mammals fishes lobe-finned fishes amniotes

tetrapods swim bladder or lungs jawed vertebrates vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates Class Mammalia

 4,500 species

 Characteristics

 Hair

 Mammary glands

 Teeth

 Specialized

 Endotherms

34 Mammalian Teeth

 Heterodont dentition

35 Chordate Development

 Oviparous

 Egg layed and young develop externally

 Viviparous

 Eggs develop within mother’s body, young born live

 Ovoviviparous

 Eggs retained and hatch within mother’s uterus

36 Mammalian Diversity

Oviparous Viviparous

Pouched Placental

37 Monotremes

 Order Monotremata

 Oviparous mammals

 Feed off milk after hatching

38 Marsupials

 Order Marsupialia

 Viviparous pouched mammals

 Nourished by yolk sac during early development

 Non-placental

 “Premature” birth; feed off milk in pouch

39 Placental Mammals

 Viviparous placental mammals

 Embryo nourished through entire development within uterus

40