2

Table – Catalogue of the prone burials in Scandinavia from Roman Iron Age to Viking Age

Nr Grave field Region Country Period AD Grave Sex Age Grave goods Deviancy Orientation Remarks Literature Bannerslund 1 mark Nordjylland DK RIA ♂ maturus none W/E Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 40 Grøn et al. 1994, s. 14–15; Gardeła 2013a, s. 115–117; 2013b, adultus s. 131 2 Bogøvej Langeland DK VA P ♂ (30-40) knife stoning? E/W Toplak 2016a, s. 190

3 Græsbjerg Zealand DK RIA K ♀ adultus none Ne/Sw Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 55 Kjær Kristensen & Bennike 2001a; 2001b decapitation; double burial; decapitated male in prone Thäte 2007, s. 268 4 Kumle Høje Langeland DK VA F ♂ restraining? position above a supine burial Gardeła 2013a, s. 112; 2013b, s. 113 Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 76–77 Andersen 1993 Grøn et al. 1994, s. 151 Thäte 2007, s. 268 decapitation; double burial; decapitated male in prone Gardeła 2013a, s. 111; 2013b, s. 5 Lejre Zealand DK VA 55 ♂ maturus none restraining? W/E position above a supine burial 111–112

6 Lyregård Zealand DK RIA ♂ senilis none N/S Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 83

7 Maglebjerghøj Zealand DK MP 495 B ♂ maturus amber bead Ne/Sw Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 84 early 8 Masede Fort Zealand DK RIA Ø ? maturus none N/S Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 86 early adultus/ 9 Masede Fort Zealand DK RIA CC ? maturus none Ene/Wsw Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 86 early adultus/ 10 Masede Fort Zealand DK RIA HH ? maturus none Ene/Wsw Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 86 early 11 Masede Fort Zealand DK RIA MM ♂ maturus none Ne/Sw Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 86 early 12 Masede Fort Zealand DK RIA Ii ♂ maturus none N/S Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 88

13 Muldbjerg Zealand DK VA 900 ♂ maturus knife Nw/Se Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 88–89 14 Regnemark Zealand DK RIA 2 ♂? adultus none Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 95 early glass bead, razor, two decapitation; double burial; only one skeleton 15 Slusegård Bornholm DK RIA 309 ♂ adultus knives, awl, pottery restraining? S/N preserved Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 107 two bronze brooches, bronze hooks, glass early beads, knife, spindle 16 Slusegård Bornholm DK RIA 328 ? maturus whorl, pottery Nne/Ssw Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 107 double burial; male in prone position above a decapitated male in supine 17 Slusegård Bornholm DK RIA 989 ♂ maturus two knives, two iron awls Sse/Nnw position Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 114

18 Slusegård Bornholm DK RIA 996 ♀? juvenilis none Nne/Ssw Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 114 Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 131 19 Trelleborg Zealand DK VA 132 ? adultus none W/E Müller-Wille 1987, s. 77–82 3

late infans I 20 Tveje Merløse Zealand DK RIA 5 ? (4-5) none S/N face down contracted position Sellevold et al. 1984, s. 132

adultus/ late 900- maturus 21 Haug, Hadseløya Vesterålen N VA 1100 D1 ♀ (35-55) none Nw/Se Sellevold 1989 Blindheim & Heyerdahl-Larsen 1995, Nordre twisted posture; s. 130–132 22 Bikjholberget Kaupang N VA 274 ♂? none restraining? twisted or prone position? Stylegar 2007, s. 90–91 Blindheim & Heyerdahl-Larsen 1995, Nordre twisted posture; s. 130–132 23 Bikjholberget Kaupang N VA 275 ♂? none restraining? twisted or prone position? Stylegar 2007, s. 90–91 Blindheim & Heyerdahl-Larsen 1995, Nordre twisted posture; s. 130–132 24 Bikjholberget Kaupang N VA 276 ♂? none restraining? twisted or prone position? Stylegar 2007, s. 90–91 Albäcksbacken, 25 Maglarp Skåne S RIA no further information given Jacobsson 1984 sekundary stone cist burial in stone- 26 Algutsrum Öland S RIA A32:e none N/S layered pit Hagberg et al. 1991, s. 169–170 double burial; man (B 129) with weapons decapitation?; and moose antlers ('älgmannen') in Holmquist Olausson 1990 Adelsö parish, late adultus restraining?; supine position and decapitated(?) man Kjellström 2014, s. 48 27 Birka Uppland S VP/VA A 129 ♂ (20-30) none twisted posture ? (A 129) in prone position Toplak 2016a, s. 189

arabic coins (fragments), Arbman 1940, 1943, s. 251 Birka Adelsö parish, knife, leather pouche, Gräslund 1980, s. 26 28 Hemlanden 1C Uppland S VA Bj 724 ♀ bronze button W/E Toplak 2016a, s. 188 careless burial in small pit; three penannular dislocation of the skull (no Vallstena brooches, knives, signs of decapitation); parish, senilis whetstone, comb, key, iron objects (knives) across torso leaned against the wall, skull lying 29 Bjärge S VA 52/1992 ♂ (~63) padlock, 47 arabic coins the back Ne/Sw on legs Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 772 Vallstena parish, adultus 30 Bjärge Gotland S VA 112/1992 ♀ (~27) bead set, knife S/N Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 773 sword, knife, axe, belt buckle, comb, bronze and stoning?; parish, iron objects, bridle, bones sword and knife across the 31 Bjärs Gotland S VP 18 ♂ (horse/dog?) back N/S Nordin 1891, s. 19–21 Hejnum parish, 32 Bjärs Gotland S VA 67 ♂? bangle, glass bead, knife S/N Thunmark-Nylén 2000, p. 381 Hejnum parish, 33 Bjärs Gotland S VA 78 ? knife E/W Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 382 adultus Hårding 1977, s. 11 34 Björkå Ångermanland S VA 34 (F) ♂ (25-35) none left hand and left foot missing ? Toplak 2016a, s. 189

Hemmendorff 1984 Kjellström 2014 late 765 +/- adultus decapitation; triple burial; cremation burial, two Zachrisson 2014, s. 78 35 Bollstanäs Uppland S VP/VA 100 A29F58 ♂ (17-22) none restraining? ? decapitated men in prone position above Toplak 2016a, s. 189

Hemmendorff 1984 triple burial; cremation burial, two Kjellström 2014 late 765 +/- adultus decapitation decapitated men in prone position above; Zachrisson 2014, s. 78 36 Bollstanäs Uppland S VP/VA 100 A29F59 ♂ (20-40) none restraining? ? teeth modifications Toplak 2016a, s. 189

Fröjel, adultus Carlsson 1999b, s. 128 37 Bottarve Gotland S VA 12/88 ♀ (23-40) none N/S Toplak 2016a, s. 222–223 4

adultus/ Fröjel, maturus brooch set, arabic coins, arrow head/dress pin at the double burial (?); man (25A) in lateral and Carlsson 1999b, s. 146–151 38 Bottarve Gotland S VA 25B/89 ♀ (35-45) arrow head/dress pin? neck Wsw/Ene woman (25B) in prone position Toplak 2016a, s. 222–223 900- maturus Helgesson 1990 39 Fjälkinge Skåne S VA 1000 363 ♂ (45-50) none Nnw/Sse Svanberg 2003, s. 102–107 parish, 40 Gardese Gotland S RIA no further information given personal communication C. Arcini penannular brooch, parish, balance weights, arabic 41 Grodde Gotland S VA 17 ♂ coins Ssw/Nne Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 184 Hammarsnäs, in the northern area of the cemetery, 42 Halör Skåne S RIA 6 ♂ adultus none N/S between the regular graves Hansen 1936, s. 23 Hammarsnäs, in the northern area of the cemetery, 43 Halör Skåne S RIA 27 ♂ adultus none N/S between the regular graves Hansen 1936, s. 30 Hammarsnäs, in the northern area of the cemetery, 44 Halör Skåne S RIA 33 ♂ adultus none disturbed burial? Ne/Sw between the regular graves Hansen 1936, s. 33 Hammarsnäs, in the northern area of the cemetery, 45 Halör Skåne S RIA 42 ♂ adultus none Wnw/Ese between the regular graves Hansen 1936, s. 39 Hammarsnäs, in the northern area of the cemetery, 46 Halör Skåne S RIA 52 ♀ adultus none Ne/Sw between the regular graves Hansen 1936, s. 42 Hammarsnäs, in the northern area of the cemetery, 47 Halör Skåne S RIA 57 ♂ adultus knife, scissors S/N between the regular graves Hansen 1936, s. 43 parish, 48 Havor Gotland S VA 1000 34 ? pennanular brooch S/N Thunmark-Nylén 2000, p. 294 little elaborate secondary Hablingbo burial in an older cremation parish, grave, brooch possible 49 Havor Gotland S VA 1000 77 ♀ [animal-head brooch] belonging to older burial N/S Thunmark-Nylén 2000, p. 296 grave pit aside the burial ground; maturus/ fixation of the lower limbs?; early 125 +/- senilis twisted posture; good health status, according to Sr- 50 Hulterstad Öland S RIA 62 1094 ♀ (+ 60) belt mount multiple blunt force traumatas N/S analysis local Wilhelmson 2017, s. 182 three penannular brooches, belt buckle, parish, three strapends, knife, 51 Ire Gotland S VA 226 ♂ ? axe, spear head Wnw/Ese Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 412–413 parish, 52 Kambs Gotland S VA k. N. ♂ ? penannular brooch, knife Sw/Ne Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 532 980- 53 Kopparsvik , Gotland S VA 1020 8 ♀ brooch set, jewellery Ssw/Nne Toplak 2016b, s. 11 900- knife with broken tip behind 54 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 12 ♂ knife the neck Ssw/Nne Toplak 2016b, s. 15 double burial; two men in lateral (25) and 900- prone (26) position in close proximity to 55 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 26 ♂ none Ssw/Nne each other Toplak 2016b, s. 31 950- filed teeth; 56 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 39 ♂ penannular brooch Nnw/Sse burial in a shroud? Toplak 2016b, s. 44 980- 57 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 42 ♂ belt buckle, strapend Sw/Ne Toplak 2016b, s. 47 5

900- twisted posture; 58 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 48 ♂ knife restraining? Nne/Ssw Toplak 2016b, s. 53 900- 59 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 58 ♂ knife Ssw/Nne Toplak 2016b, s. 64 900- 60 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 59 ♂ none skull missing Nne/Ssw Toplak 2016b, s. 65 900- penannular brooch, belt filed teeth; 61 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1020 60 ♂ buckle, strapend Ssw/Nne burial in a shroud? Toplak 2016b, s. 66 970- 62 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 62 ♂ arm ring Nne/Ssw filed teeth Toplak 2016b, s. 68 900- 63 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 65 ♂ none Sw/Ne filed teeth Toplak 2016b, s. 71 900- 64 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 70 ♂ none Ssw/Nne Toplak 2016b, s. 76 900- 65 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 71 ? none Ssw/Nne Toplak 2016b, s. 77 950- 66 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1020 72 ♂ penannular brooch, knife Nne/Ssw filed teeth Toplak 2016b, s. 77–78 900- 67 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 74 ♂ none N/S Toplak 2016b, s. 80 900- penannular brooch, belt 68 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1020 105 ♂ buckle, strapend stoning? Ssw/Nne filed teeth Toplak 2016b, s. 111 900- 69 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 109 ♂ belt buckle, strapend Ssw/Nne filed teeth Toplak 2016b, s. 115 900- 70 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 115 ♂ none skull missing Ne/Sw Toplak 2016b, s. 121 900- adultus 71 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1020 126 ♂ (20-25) penannular brooch careless deposit in small pit Se/Nw lower legs bent up Toplak 2016b, s. 133 double burial; woman (129) and man (128) in prone position in close proximity 950- penannular brooch, dress to each other; 72 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1020 128 ♀ pin Wsw/Ene burial in a shroud? Toplak 2016b, s. 135–136 double burial; woman (129) and man (128) in prone position in close proximity to each other; 900- the man's hand lying on the woman's 73 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1020 129 ♂ penannular brooch skull missing Sw/Ne shoulder Toplak 2016b, s. 135–136 950- 74 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 131 ♂ penannular brooch Nw/Se Toplak 2016b, s. 138 950- 75 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 132 ♂ two penannular brooches Sw/Ne burial in a shroud? Toplak 2016b, s. 139 900- 76 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 133 ♂ none N/S filed teeth Toplak 2016b, s. 140 triple burial; two man in supine (138) and lateral (139) position, woman lying prone; 980- the man's arm (139) resting on the 77 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1000 140 ♀ brooch set, jewellery Wsw/Ene woman's hip Toplak 2016b, s. 146–147 900- 78 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 146 ♂ none Sw/Ne Toplak 2016b, s. 154 double burial; two men (158/159) in 900- twisted posture; twisted/prone posture in close proximity 79 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 158 ♂ none skull missing Sw/Ne to each other Toplak 2016b, s. 166–168 double burial; two men (158/159) in 900- twisted/prone posture in close proximity 80 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 159 ♂ none Sw/Ne to each other Toplak 2016b, s. 166–168 6

900- 81 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 167 ♂ none Sw/Ne Toplak 2016b, s. 176 900- penannular brooch, belt 82 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 173 ♂ buckle, strapend Sse/Nnw Toplak 2016b, s. 183 900- 83 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 178 ♂ none Sw/Ne Toplak 2016b, s. 188 900- 84 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 180 ♂ none Sw/Ne burial in a shroud? Toplak 2016b, s. 190–192 body in prone position, legs disturbed by a later burial and placed in supine 900- position; 85 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 181 ♂ none Sw/Ne burial in a shroud? Toplak 2016b, s. 190–192 900- filed teeth; 86 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 182 ♂ belt buckle, strapend Sw/Ne burial in a shroud? Toplak 2016b, s. 190–192 900- 87 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 183 ♂ bone awl Ssw/Nne burial in a shroud? Toplak 2016b, s. 193 900- skull missing (recent 88 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 185 ♂ none disturbance?) Wsw/Ene Toplak 2016b, s. 195 950- belt buckle, strapend, two 89 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 187 ♂ arm rings Ssw/Nne Toplak 2016b, s. 197 970- penannular brooch, knife, filed teeth; 90 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1020 188 ♂ key Ssw/Nne burial in a shroud? Toplak 2016b, s. 198

disrupted by secundary burial of a young 900- belt buckle, strapend, woman (204), skull placed face down; 91 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 205 ♂ juvenilis? knife W/E filed teeth Toplak 2016b, s. 215–217 900- 92 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 214 ♂ none W/E Toplak 2016b, s. 226 900- maturus 93 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 246 ♂ (40+) none W/E restraining or burial in a shroud? Toplak 2016b, s. 261 900- 94 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 275 ♀ none Wsw/Ene Toplak 2016b, s. 291 900- 95 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 279 ♂ none Nne/Ssw Toplak 2016b, s. 295 950- 96 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1020 301 ♂ penannular brooch Ne/Sw Toplak 2016b, s. 320 900- 97 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 304 ? none Sw/Ne Toplak 2016b, s. 329 900- 98 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 320 ? none Ne/Sw Toplak 2016b, s. 339 900- 99 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 324 ? knife Sw/Ne Toplak 2016b, s. 343 900- 100 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 329 ? none skull missing Nne/Ssw Toplak 2016b, s. 348 900- 101 Kopparsvik Visby, Gotland S VA 1050 336* ? none N/S Toplak 2016b, s. 355

Tofta parish, 102 Krokstäde Gotland S VA 2/1947 ♂ ? belt buckle Se/Nw Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 691 Tofta parish, 7/1947 103 Krokstäde Gotland S VA (5/1945) ? none S/N Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 693 Västergarn parish, knife, strap distributor (?), Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 719 104 Kronholmen Gotland S VA 1 ? needle case? Ene/Wsw Toplak 2016a, s. 228 7

careless deposit in rubbish Kv. Melonen, senilis comb, bone needles, pit?; corpse forced into the pit, sitting position, 105 Visby Visby, Gotland S VA k. N. ♀ (~65) coins, hacksilver twisted, sitting position ? torso and skull twisted Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 816 double/triple burial; man in prone position (26/4a) and spread-out skeleton of a male Lockarp 900- 26 maturus (4b) above the supine burial of a woman 106 Ljungbacka parish, Skåne S VA 1000 (4a-b) ♂ (50-60) key, knife, whetstone S/N (4c) Svanberg 2003, s. 290–292 Bäl parish, 107 Ösarne Gotland S RIA no further information given personal communication C. Arcini Västergarn Lundström 1981, s. 119 parish, 940 +/- Mafrids Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 726 108 Gotland S VA 95 Grab I ? none shallow pit, scorch marks Ne/Sw Toplak 2016a, s. 228 Levide parish, 25/1957 brooch set, jewellery, single Viking Age burial on an older Iron 109 Pejnarve Gotland S VA (3/1956) ♀ knives, needle case S/N Age cemetery Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 503 Asmundtorp 800- infans II/ Svanberg 2003, s. 283–284 110 Råga Hörstad parish, Skåne S VA 900 28 ? juvenilis bead Sw/Ne Müller-Wille 1987, s. 82–86 400- 111 Sandby Borg Öland S MP 550 1109 ♂ juvenilis unburied victim of warfare Victor 2015, s. 108–111 880- 112 Sigtuna Uppland S VA 1000 ♂ massgrave six prone positions Kjellström 2005, s. 59–66 Väskinde maturus/ parish, senilis Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 705 113 Skälsö Gotland S VA 1 ♂ (57-65) none Nne/Ssw Toplak 2016a, s. 226–227 Väskinde Pettersson 1981 parish, maturus folded position, torso ventral upon lower Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 706 114 Skälsö Gotland S VA 5 ♂ (40-60) none skull missing Ssw/Nne limbs, skull next to the pelvis Toplak 2016a, s. 226–227 Väskinde parish, senilis Thunmark-Nylén 2000, s. 706 115 Skälsö Gotland S VA 6 ♀ (~67) two bone dress pins Ssw/Nne Toplak 2016a, s. 226–227 St Clemens 8, late 116 Lund Skåne S VA/MA no further information given personal communication C. Arcini adultus 117 Valsta, Märsta Uppland S VA A69 ♀ (20-25) bones (chicken) twisted posture Ne/Sw Andersson 2000; 2005, s. 107 Hemmendorff 1984, s. 9 Vannhög, Arcini & Jacobsson 2008, s. 9 118 Trelleborg Skåne S VA 13 ♂ none twisted posture ? Svanberg 2003, s. 293 Brink & Hammarstrand Dehman 2013, s. 69–70; 2015, s. Vintrie Park, late 775- maturus 34–38 119 Malmö Skåne S VP/VA 875 11125B ♂ (50-60) knife N/S Nilsson 2013 Brink & Hammarstrand Vintrie Park, early 45 BC- adultus Dehman 2013, s. 125 120 Malmö Skåne S RIA 50 AD A13464 ♂ (30-40) Se/Nw Nilsson 2013 Abbreviations: RIA – Roman Iron Age MP – Migration Period VP – Vendel Period VA – Viking Age MA – Middle Ages