Border Cities in Europe
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Journal of the Institute for Euroregional Studies “Jean Monnet” European Centre of Excellence University of Oradea University of Debrecen Volume 19 Border Cities in Europe Edited by Constantin Vasile ŢOCA, Anatoliy KRUGLASHOV, Zsolt RADICS References by Ariane LANDUYT, Vasile CUCERESCU Spring 2015 Eurolimes Journal of the Institute for Euroregional Studies ―Jean Monnet‖ European Centre of Excellence Editors-in-chief: Ioan HORGA (Oradea) and István SÜLI-ZAKAR (Debrecen) Spring 2015 Volume 19 Borders Cities in Europe Constantin Vasile ŢOCA, Anatoliy KRUGLASHOV, Zsolt RADICS Honorary Members Paul Alliès (Montpellier), Enrique Banús (Barcelona), Robert Bideleux (Swansea), Erhard Busek (Wien), Jean Pierre Colin (Reims), George Contogeorgis (Athene), Gerard Delanty (Sussex), Gennady Feodorov (Kaliningrad), Sharif Gemie (Glamorgan), Chris G. Quispel (Leiden), Moshe Idel (Jerusalem), Savvas Katsikides (Nicosia), Anatoliy Kruglashov (Chernivtsi), Jarosław Kundera (Wrocław), Ariane Landuyt (Siena), Giuliana Laschi (Bologna), Thomas Lundén (Stockholm), Kalypso Nicolaidis (Oxford), Adrian Miroiu, Iordan Bărbulescu (Bucureşti), Frank Pfetsch (Heidelberg), Andrei Marga, Ioan Aurel Pop, Vasile PuĢcaĢ, Vasile Vesa (Cluj-Napoca), Carlos Eduardo Pacheco Amaral (Asores), Barbu ġtefănescu (Oradea), Mercedes Samaniego Boneau (Salamanca), Angelo Santagostino (Brescia), Maria Manuela Tavares Ribeiro (Coimbra), Dusan Sidjanski (Geneve), Maurice Vaïsse (Paris), Alexis Vahlas, Birte Wassenberg (Strasbourg). Advisory Committee Josef Abrhám (Prague), Florin Lupescu, Simona Miculescu, Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu (Bucureşti), Teresa Pinheiro (Chemnitz), Czimre Klára, Kozma Gábor, Teperics Károly (Debrecen), Antonio Faur, Alexandru IlieĢ, Sorin ġipoĢ, Ion Zainea (Oradea), Ovidiu Ghitta, Adrian Ivan, Nicoale Păun (Cluj-Napoca), Didier Francfort (Nancy), Tamara Gella (Orel), Vasile Cucerescu, Ion Gumenâi, Svetlana Suveica, Octavian Ţîcu (Chişinău), Karoly Kocsis (Miskolc), Cătălina Iliescu (Alicante), Renaud de La Brosse (Reims), Stephan Malovic (Zagreb), Maria Marczewska-Rytko, Bogumiła Mucha-Leszko (Lublin), Fabienne Maron (Brussels), Ivan Nacev (Sofia), Gabriela Carmen Pascariu, Alexandru-Florin Platon, George Poede (Iaşi), Mykola Palinchak, Svitlana Mytryayeva (Uzhgorod), Stanisław Sagan, Viktoryia Serzhanova (Rzeszów), Grigore SilaĢi (Timişoara), Lavinia Stan (Halifax), George Tsurvakas (Tessalonik), Peter Terem (Banska Bystrica), Jan Wendt (Gdansk) Editorial Committee Mircea Brie, Florentina Chirodea, Dorin Dolghi, Cristina Matiuţă, Mirela Mărcuţ, Mészáros Edina (Oradea), Myroslava Lendel, Olha Yehorova (Uzhgorod), Gabriela Ciot, Natalia CugleĢan, Dacian Duna (Cluj-Napoca), Andreas Blomquist (Stockholm), Nicolae Dandis (Cahul), Molnar Ernő, Pénzes János, Radics Zsolt (Debrecen), Gulyás László (Szeged), Emanuel Plopeanu (Constanţa), Sedef Eylemer, Sinem Kokamaz (Izmir), Lyubov Melnichuk, Pavlo Molosko, Nataliya Nichayeva-Yuriychuk (Chernivtsi), George Angliţoiu, Oana Ion, Nicolae ToderaĢ, Alina MogoĢ, Ana Maria GhimiĢ (Bucureşti), Anca Oltean, István Polgár, Alina Stoica, Luminiţa ġoproni, Constantin Ţoca (Oradea), Laura Grazi, Elena Sergi, Silvia Sassano (Siena), Oxana Tsisinska (Lviv), Isabel Valente (Coimbra) Executive Editor: Cristina-Maria DOGOT Assistant Editor (English): Dana PANTEA Editorial Assistant: Elena ZIERLER The full responsibility regarding the content of the papers belongs exclusively to the authors. Address: University of Oradea 1st Universităţii Street 410087-Oradea/Romania Tel/fax: +40.259.467.642 e-mail: [email protected], www.iser.rdsor.ro Image: Chernivtsi, Centersquare; Album Czernowitz und die Bukowina 1890-1910 Eurolimes is a half-yearly peer-reviewed journal. Articles and book reviews may be sent to the above- mentioned address. The journal may be acquired by contacting the editors. Journal of the Institute for Euroregional Studies (IERS) is issued with the support of the Action Jean Monnet of the European Commission and in the co-edition with Bruylant (Brussels) Oradea University Press ISSN-L: 1841-9259 ISSN 2247 / 8450 Cuprins ◊ Contents ◊ Sommaire ◊ Inhalt ◊ Tartalom Constantin-Vasile ŢOCA (Oradea) European Border Cities as Cross-border Cooperation Engines ................................................................................................... 5 I. Border Cities................................................................................................................... 17 Petros PAPAPOLYVIOU and Giorgos KENTAS (Nicosia) Nicosia: A Divided Capital in Europe ....................................................................................................... 19 Ana-Teodora KURKINA (Munich) Borderland Identities of Bratislava: Balancing between Slovaks, Germans and Hungarians in the Second Half of the 19th Century ......................................................................................................... 37 Gennady Mikhailovich FEDOROV, Anna Valerievna BELOVA, and Lidia Gennadjevna OSMOLOVSKAYA (Kaliningrad) On the Future Role of Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia as an ―International Development Corridor‖ ............. 57 II. Cities in the Border Regions ........................................................................................ 69 Corina TURġIE (Timişoara) Re-Inventing the Centre-periphery Relation by the European Capitals of Culture. Case-studies: Marseille-Provence 2013 and Pecs 2010 .................................................................................................................. 71 Constantin Vasile ŢOCA, Bogdan Mihail POCOLA (Oradea, Cluj Napoca) Searching for Development of Medium-sized Cities in the European Union: A Study Case on Oradea ............................................................................................... 85 István SÜLI-ZAKAR, Tibor KECSKÉS (Debrecen) The Historical Borders and the Cross-Border Connections‘ Effect on Debrecen‘s Spirituality and Cultural Economy ..................................................................................................... 99 III. Frontiers cities ........................................................................................................... 117 Miruna TRONCOTĂ (Bucharest) Sarajevo – A Border City Caught between Its Multicultural Past, the Bosnian War and a European Future ............................. 119 Anatoliy KRUGLASHOV (Chernivtsi) Chernivtsi: A City with Mysterious Flavour of Tolerance ............................................................................................... 139 Sedef EYLEMER, Dilek MEMĠġOĞLU (Izmir) The Borderland City of Turkey: Izmir from Past to the Present ................................................................... 159 Vasile CUCERESCU, Simion ROġCA (Kishinev) Tiraspol – the Border City of Eastern Latinity ....................................................................................................... 185 IV. Focus ........................................................................................................................... 197 Ioan HORGA, Ana Maria COSTEA (Oradea, Bucharest) Border/Frontier Cities: Between Communication and Fragmentation .............................................. 199 4 Book reviews .................................................................................................................... 213 Julia TSYBULSKA, Olga DEMEDYUK (Lviv) The Challenges and Prospects for Development of the Carpathian Region............................................................. 215 Alina-Carmen BRIHAN (Oradea) The Road towards the New Europe. The Facets and the Developments of an Ongoing Process. ............................................ 221 Dan APĂTEANU (Oradea) European Integration: Achievements and Perspectives ............................................................................................................. 233 Anca OLTEAN (Oradea) Historical Moments in the History of Europe ................... 239 Our Partners .................................................................................................................... 251 Lyubov MELNICHUK (Chernivtsi) Center for Romanian Studies as Another Step towards the New Ukrainian-Romanian Relations ........................................... 253 About Authors.................................................................................................................. 255 European Border Cities as Cross-border Cooperation Engines Constantin-Vasile ŢOCA1 A general research on the works related to the European border cities reveals the fact that scholars do not so frequently approach this matter. One of these very rare sources, that of Decoville, Durand and Feltgen2 considers the border cities from a new and very intersting perspective for the former communist countries: that of de-marginalisation of the border urban areas, of an upgrading of the status of peripheral regions, and, in the end, of the dynamisation of their economic and cultural life by their very easy to establish external relations in the framework of the process of cross-border cooperation. In the context of the greater consideration allotted to the problem of borders and cross-border cooperation in the EU, consecrating an entire issue of Eurolimes to the role of the border cities could be considered as an act of reparation to these urban areas, to their ethnic diversity, multicultural sophistication, political role in key situations, or economical potential for their communities and even region or country. Very often cities situated on the borders have to report