Map 86 Paphlagonia Compiled by C. Foss, 1995
Introduction
The map comprises ancient Paphlagonia, and extends into eastern Bithynia and the northernmost part of Galatia. Evidence for the ancient topography is most abundant on the coast, along the Roman roads, and in Galatia. Arrian’s Periplus Ponti Euxini (written c. A.D. 132), together with an earlier text by Menippus (c. 20 B.C.) and a related Late Antique anonymous work, describe the coast in great detail. Most of the sites named in these works can be located at least approximately, although a few resist identification; Müller’s commentary in GGM I remains valuable. For the Roman roads, ItMiller is uncritical; French (1981) is far more useful, but treats only one major road. The roads of Paphlagonia are presented in admirable detail by TIB Paphlagonien, those of northern Galatia likewise by TIB Galatien. The interior of Paphlagonia is a remote, mountainous country, cut off from the regions to the south by long, parallel ranges. Communication east and west is relatively easy; north and south, it is much more difficult. The country contains a few long, wide plains and river valleys, some of considerable fertility. In antiquity, the mountains were heavily forested. For the most part, the region was never densely populated. For a general description, see Leonhard (1915); and for an excellent account of some areas (including eastern Bithynia), with discussion of specific problems, note Robert (1980). RE Paphlagonia gives a full list of all named sites (cols. 2537-50) and of physical remains (2498-2510, 2515). Some features listed there do not appear on the map because of limited significance or uncertainty of dating. TIB Paphlagonien documents many minor sites such as unidentified villages, unlocated villages mentioned in inscriptions, and places attested only by Stephanus of Byzantium.
Directory All place names are in Turkey
Abbreviations
IK 31 F. Becker-Bertau, Die Inschriften von Klaudiupolis, Bonn, 1986 INik S. Şahin (ed.), Katalog der antiken Inschriften des Museums von Iznik (Nikaia), 4 vols., Bonn, 1979-87 TIB Galatien K. Belke, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 4, Galatien und Lykaonien, DenkWien 172, 1984 TIB Paphlagonien K. Belke, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 9, Paphlagonien und Honorias, DenkWien 249, 1996
Names
Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference
D2 Abonouteichos/ RL Inebolu TIB Paphlagonien 219-21; Ionopolis NPauly Abonuteichos B2 Acheron/ CH/ Limanbaşı Deresi RE Sonautes; Asheri 1972, 40-42; Soonautes fl. HR TIB Paphlagonien 208 B2 Acherousias Pr. CH Baba Burun RE Acherusia 2; TIB Paphlagonien 208 D2 Aday R?L? TIB Paphlagonien 155 *Agrippeia? = Krateia C2 Aigialos AHRL Karaağaç Limanı TIB Galatien 117-18; TIB Paphlagonien 158 E2 Aiginetes L Hacıveli TIB Paphlagonien 158-59 1218 MAP 86 PAPHLAGONIA
Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference
D2 Aiginetes fl. L Abana Deresi TIB Paphlagonien 158-59 E2 Akçasu R TIB Paphlagonien 159 C2 Amastris/ HRL/ Amasra RE 1; TIB Paphlagonien 161-70; NPauly 4 Sesamos AC D2 Amnias fl. HR Göksu RE; NPauly D3 Anadynata L near Kurşunlu TIB Paphlagonien 171-72 C4 Ancyra See Map 63 E2 Antikinolis RL opposite Kinolis TIB Paphlagonien 232-33 C3 Antoniopolis RL Çerkes TIB Paphlagonien 172 Apollonia Ins. = Thynias Ins. A3 Apsoda L S Çatak INik 2.1.17 B3 Araunia L SE Sykeon TIB Galatien 132 F1 Armene CRL Akliman RE A3 Artemis See Map 52 C3 *Artiknos R Yağmurdede Mitchell 1982, 146 C2 Asağı Güney H rock tomb Gall 1966, 103-104 E2 Assyria CH SW Sinope RE Leukosyroi Aulia=Metroon B3 Ayman Yaylası RL TIB Paphlagonien 175-76
B3 Balgatia L between Iuliopolis / TIB Galatien 137-38 Sykeon Bathys fl. = Hermos fl. A3 Bebrykes See Map 52 E3 Beşdut H rock tomb Gall 1966, 101-102 C2 Billaios fl. HRL Filyos Çay / Gerede Çayı / RE; Robert 1980, 176-81; Yenice Irmağı TIB Paphlagonien 178 A3 Bithynia See Map 52 B3 Bithynion/ HR/ Bolu RE; RE Claudiopolis 3; Claudiopolis/ RL/ TIB Paphlagonien 235-37 Hadriana R D2 Blaene R Kastamonu region TIB Paphlagonien 171 C3 Bloukion HR Karalar Lasserre 1981, 191; NPauly Blukion A3 Boane/ See Map 52 Sunonensis L. D4 Bolecasgus See Map 63 D2 *Bonita R Meğre TIB Paphlagonien 178-79
C3 Carus Vicus R Çukurören FOA VIII, 13; TIB Paphlagonien 121 (n. 22) A3 Çamdağ H Robert 1980, 5-10 E4 Cappadox? fl. R perhaps Delice Irmak RE Kappadox C2 Çavuşlar HR? settlement with tombs Leonhard 1915, 143-44; TIB Paphlagonien 182 C4 Cenaxis Palus See Map 63 A3 ‘Cenon Gallicanon’? R Göynük INik 2.1.19 A3 Ceratae L mansio at Beydili INik 2.1.19 (n. 66) B3 Çetikören RL TIB Paphlagonien 183-84 C2 Chele Pr. L Delikşile Burnu Belke 1992, 147 Claudiopolis = Bithynion B2 Çömlekçi R fortified settlement TIB Paphlagonien 204 E4 Corniaspa See Map 63 C2 Cytorus M. HR Kidros Dağ Robert 1980, 148-50; TIB Paphlagonien 140 (n. 12)
A3 Dableis RL near Çayköy INik 2.1.17-19 B3 Dadastana L near Karahisar TIB Galatien 154; NPauly B3 Dadokome R near Köroğluderbend IK 31.104-105; TIB Paphlagonien 186 B2 Dadybra L Devrek Wittek 1935, 40; TIB Paphlagonien 186-87 Daphnousia Ins. = Thynias Ins. C3 Demirciler R TIB Paphlagonien 188 MAP 86 PAPHLAGONIA 1219
Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference
B3 Dereköy L TIB Paphlagonien 189 B2 Dia/ RL/ Akçakoca TIB Paphlagonien 189-90 Diospolis R NPauly 6 E2 Domanitis R lower Amnias valley TIB Paphlagonien 44, 171, 256 A3 Doris L Çayköy region INik 2.1.19 A4 Dorylaion See Map 62
D4 Ecobrogis/ See Map 63 Eccobriga B2 Elaios RL at mouth of Elaios fl. RE; TIB Paphlagonien 193 B2 Elaios fl. RL Kocaman Dere RE; TIB Paphlagonien 193 B3 Embolos R Beyköy Robert 1980, 107-15; TIB Paphlagonien 193-94 C3 *Endeira R Emrodere TIB Paphlagonien 194 C3 *Ergobrotis L Tiske TIB Galatien 235 C2 Eryth(r)inoi AHRL Çakraz RE; TIB Paphlagonien 194-95 E2 Euarchos/ RL/ Kabalı Çay RE 1; TIB Paphlagonien 43 Euechos fl. L
B3 Fines L near Ericek TIB Galatien 164-65 Flaviopolis = Krateia
B3 Galatia See Map 63 A3 Gallos fl. RL Mudurnu Çayı Şahin 1986, 125-29; TIB Paphlagonien 244, 271 D3 Gangra/ HRL/ Çankırı RE; RE Germanikopolis 2; Germanicopolis R Robert 1980, 203-19 D2 Garios RL Katırga TIB Paphlagonien 199-200 C3 Gebeler R? TIB Paphlagonien 201 Germanicopolis = Gangra C3 Gezatorigis R near Yeniçağa / Gerede Strobel 1994, 43 C4 Girmeç See Map 63 E2 Gökçeağaç RL TIB Paphlagonien 202-203 B3 Gökçesu R TIB Paphlagonien 203 C3 Gordiane L Krateia region Mitchell 1993 II, 135, 139; TIB Paphlagonien 204 B3 Gordioukome/ H/ Sarılar TIB Galatien 181-82 Iuliopolis RL
Hadriana = Bithynion Hadrianopolis = Kaisareia D3 Halmyros fl. L Acı Çay TIB Paphlagonien 206 D4 Halys fl. See Map 87 F3 Hamamözü R Jerphanion 1914, 17-21 E2 Hambarkaya C rock tomb Gall 1966, 88-90 F2 Hambarkaya H rock tomb Gall 1966, 104-106 B2 Heraclea CHRL Ereğli PECS; TIB Paphlagonien 208-16 A4 Hermos/ See Map 62 Bathys fl. B3 *Hieronpotamon L below Tahir TIB Galatien 224 Siberis, 228 B3 Hieros/ R/ Girmir Çay RE; TIB Galatien 244 Siberis fl. L D2 Horma RL TIB Paphlagonien 216-17 A3 Hypios? M. R Kardüz Dağı Robert 1980, 64-65; TIB Paphlagonien 217-18 A3 Hypios fl. HRL Büyük Melen Su / Akarsu RE; Robert 1980, 63-64; TIB Paphlagonien 217-18
D3 Ikotarion? R Elecik TIB Galatien 178-79 C2 İlbarut RL site with graves TIB Paphlagonien 218 Ionopolis = Abonouteichos E3 İskilip C rock tomb Gall 1966, 91-97; TIB Paphlagonien 221-22 1220 MAP 86 PAPHLAGONIA
Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference
Iuliopolis = Gordioukome A3 Iustiniani Pons L Whitby 1985
C3 Kaisareia/ RL/ Çayırlı Mendel 1901, 6-13; RE Hadrianopolis 4; Hadrianopolis/ RL/ RE Proseilemmenitai 1; Proseilemmene R TIB Paphlagonien 63 E2 Kalekapı CHRL settlement and rock tomb Gall 1966, 13-57; TIB Paphlagonien 222-23 B2 Kales CRL Alaplı TIB Paphlagonien 223 B2 Kales fl. RL Alaplı Su TIB Paphlagonien 223 Kallichoros? fl.= Oxinas fl. Kallistratia? = Marsylla D3 Kalmizene R Malos region TIB Galatien 201 A2 Kalpe See Map 52 B3 Kandamış L TIB Paphlagonien 224 D3 Kandara? CHR Cendere TIB Paphlagonien 224 C2 Karakoyunlu HRL settlement with tombs TIB Paphlagonien 226 D1 Karambis HR Fakas? RE; TIB Paphlagonien 226-27 D1 Karambis Pr. HRL Kerembe burnu RE Karambis; TIB Paphlagonien 226-27 F2 Karousa/ See Map 87 Polichnion C3 *Karza R Köyceğiz TIB Paphlagonien 227 D2 Kastamonu C rock tomb Gall 1966, 65-68 A3 Katapaspanas R Yukari Kınık INik 2.1.18 C2 Kaukones AC between Tieion / RE Parthenios fll. C3 Kavacik R? Dörner 1952, 37, 57 B2 *Kelesa R Akkaya BE 1963.264 Kieros = Prusias ad Hypium B3 Kieros fl. H Küçük Melen Su Robert 1980, 63-64; TIB Paphlagonien 264 B2 Kilisecik RL 2.5 miles S Heraclea Asheri 1972, 50-59; TIB Paphlagonien 231 D3 Kimiata H Kurmalar, Ilgaz Kaygusuz 1983; TIB Paphlagonien 231-32 C3 *Kimista R Deresamail Kaygusuz 1982, 179; TIB Paphlagonien 232 E2 Kinolis RL Ginoğlu RE Kimolis; TIB Paphlagonien 232-33 E2 Kırktepeler AH 10 tumuli W RE Paphlagonia, col. 2504; Pompeiopolis TIB Paphlagonien 184 D2 Klimax RL Kazallı Belke 1992, 149; TIB Paphlagonien 237 D3 *Klossama R near Akçataş Mitchell 1982, 169-70 D3 *Kobara L Doğantepe TIB Paphlagonien 238 E2 Koloussa C Güllüsu TIB Paphlagonien 238 D3 *Konkarztiakon L Çiftlik Mitchell 1982, 173-76; BE 1987.487 C3 Krateia/ RL/ Gerede RE Flaviopolis 1; IK 31.73; Flaviopolis/ R/ TIB Paphlagonien 239-40 *Agrippeia? R § Kreteia B2 Krenides HRL Kilimli RE; TIB Paphlagonien 240-41 C3 Krentios RL near Girindos TIB Galatien 195 C2 Kromna ACHRL Tekeönü RE; TIB Paphlagonien 241-42 C2 Kurtoğlu R? TIB Paphlagonien 243 F2 Kyptasia RL near Eren Boğazı RE Paphlagonia, col. 2545 C2 Kytoros ACHRL Kidros / Sütlüce RE; TIB Paphlagonien 245-46
B2 Ladon fl. R Devrek Çayı Robert 1980, 183; TIB Paphlagonien 246-47 C4 Lagania/ See Map 62 Anastasioupolis D3 Laziane L region around *Kobara TIB Paphlagonien 247 A4 Lamounia See Map 62 C3 Legna R near Kırpazarı RE; TIB Paphlagonien 247-48 E1 Lepte/ RL İnce Burun RE Lepte 1 Syrias Pr. B2 Lilaios RL E Akçakoca TIB Paphlagonien 248 MAP 86 PAPHLAGONIA 1221
Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference
B2 Lykos fl. CHRL Gülünç Su RE 5; TIB Paphlagonien 248
D4 Magaba/ See Map 63 Mordiacus M. D3 Malos RL Kalecik TIB Galatien 201-202 C3 ‘Mandris’ L Doğancı RE Manoris; TIB Paphlagonien 249 C3 ‘Manegordo’ L Avdan RE Manegordos C3 Mantineion R?L near Ada Köy Robert 1980, 138-46; TIB Paphlagonien 249-51 A3 Mariandynoi CHR between Sangarius and RE; Asheri 1972, 17-20; Billaios fll. TIB Paphlagonien 251 A2 Mariandynus Sinus R W Heraclea Asheri 1972, 19 D1 Marsylla/ L/ Kışla? Belke 1992, 152; TIB Paphlagonien 223 Kallistratia? RL C2 Meles fl. R stream of Kromna Robert 1937, 265 (n. 3) B2 Metroon/ RL/ near Köseağzı RE 2; TIB Paphlagonien 252 Aulia L A4 Midaion See Map 62 B3 Milia L near Eymir TIB Galatien 205 C3 Mnizos RL Balçiçek Çiftliği TIB Galatien 207 C3 Modicus M. L Abdüssalâm Dağı TIB Galatien 207 B3 Modra RL? Mudurnu Neumann 1986; Şahin 1986, 125-29 C2 Mokata? H Muda, formerly Mukata TIB Paphlagonien 253
F2 Ocherainos/ C/ Kara Su RE Ochosbanes/ R/ Ochthomanes fl. L D2 Olgassys M. R Ilgaz Dağları RE; TIB Paphlagonien 256 A3 *Ontoraita See Map 52 A3 Optatianai, Mon. See Map 52 D3 Örenşehir R? TIB Paphlagonien 256 B2 Oxinas RL Oksina? TIB Paphlagonien 257-58 B2 Oxinas/ RL Ilık Su? TIB Paphlagonien 257-58 Kallichoros? fl.
Papanios fl. = Psilis fl. C2 Paphlagonia ACHRL north-central Asia Minor RE C2 Parthenia RL? Bartin RE Παρθενία κώµη; TIB Paphlagonien 258-59 C2 Parthenios fl. ACHRL Bartin Su RE 12; TIB Paphlagonien 259 C3 Peion/ HR/ Tabanlıoğlu Kale TIB Galatien 212-13 Peon L C3 ‘Petobrogen’ L near Perli Çiftlik TIB Galatien 215 E3 Pimolisa HRL Osmancık RE; TIB Paphlagonien 207 A3 Pithekas? fl. See Map 52 E2 Pompeiopolis/ HRL/ Taşköprü RE; TIB Paphlagonien 260-62 Sebaste R B1 Pontus Euxinus See Map 1 C2 Poseidon, T. R? at mouth of Bartin Su RE Parthenios 12; TIB Paphlagonien 262 C3 Potamia R Bayındır region RE Paphlagonia, col. 547 E2 Potamoi RL Gibelit TIB Paphlagonien 262-63 C3 ‘Potomia Cepora’ L near Bayındır RE Paphlagonia, col. 2547; TIB Paphlagonien 263-64 C3 Prasmon L NE Ayas TIB Galatien 216-17 Proseilemmene = Kaisareia B3 Prusias ad Hypium/ HRL/ Konuralp RE Kieros; RE Prusias 5; Kieros H TIB Paphlagonien 264-66 C2 Psilis/ L/ RE Paphlagonia, col. 2547; Papanios fl. L TIB Paphlagonien 266 B2 Psylla RL Çatal Ağzı von Diest 1889, 76; TIB Paphlagonien 266-67 1222 MAP 86 PAPHLAGONIA
Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference
E2 Sallar C rock tomb Gall 1966, 57-65; TIB Paphlagonien 269 B3 Salon R Bolu region Robert 1980, 134; TIB Paphlagonien 270 B2 Sandarake RL Zonguldak RE Σανδαράκη; TIB Paphlagonien 270 A3 Sangarius fl. See Map 52 A3 Sarıcakaya See Map 52 D4 Sarmalius See Map 63 Sebaste = Pompeiopolis Sesamos = Amastris Siberis fl. = Hieros fl. F1 Sinope See Map 87 C2 Sipahiler R? temple TIB Paphlagonien 271-72 B3 Skopas fl. RL Aladağı Çayı TIB Galatien 226 F1 Skopelos M. RL peninsula of Sinop RE 6 Soonautes fl. = Acheron fl. C2 Sora L Zora / Kaleköy TIB Paphlagonien 272-73 E2 Stephane CRL Istifan RE 4; TIB Paphlagonien 273-74 Sunonensis L. = Boane L. B3 Sykeon L below Tahir TIB Galatien 228-29 Syrias Pr. = Lepte Pr.
E4 Taouion/ See Map 63 Tabia A3 Tarsos See Map 52 A3 Tattaios See Map 52 C3 Tektosages HR Murtad Ova-Halys RE Tektosagen; Mitchell 1974, 74 A4 Tembris fl. See Map 62 E2 Tepecik H 4 tumuli, S Pompeiopolis RE Paphlagonia, col. 2504 D2 Thymena/ RL/ Timne / Uğurlu RE Teuthrania 3; TIB Paphlagonien 274-75 Teuthrania? R A2 Thynias/ See Map 52 Apollonia/ Daphnousia Ins. Tieion = Tios D1 Timolaion RL near Çayyaka TIB Paphlagonien 275 B2 Timonitis R region of Mengen Strobel 1994, 48-49; TIB Paphlagonien 275-76 C2 Tios/ HRL/ Hisarönü RE; TIB Paphlagonien 276-78 Tieion HR B3 Tolistobogioi See Map 63 B3 ‘Transmonte’ L near Baglıca TIB Galatien 237 A4 Trikomia? See Map 62 E4 Trokmoi See Map 63
D3 Xanthos fl. R Tatlı Çay Robert 1980, 207-10; TIB Paphlagonien 281-82 E3 Ximene? R Çorum region RE
B3 Yagbaşlar R TIB Paphlagonien 282 C3 Yılanlı RL TIB Paphlagonien 283 C3 Yukarıkaraören RL TIB Paphlagonien 283
C3 *Zeita R Meydan TIB Paphlagonien 284 D1 Zephyrion RL Doganyurt TIB Paphlagonien 284 D2 Ziporea RL Karafasıl TIB Paphlagonien 284-85 MAP 86 PAPHLAGONIA 1223
Aqueducts
Grid Location Period Reference
B2 Heraclea RL? Hoepfner 1966, 31-33 B3 Prusias ad Hypium RL? IK 27.13 C2 Tieion RL? Marek 1993, 124-25
Bridges
Grid Location Period Reference
B3 Iuliopolis L TIB Galatien 182 B3 Prusias ad Hypium R TIB Paphlagonien 264-65 B3 on Siberis fl., near *Hieronpotamon L TIB Galatien 228 C2 SE Tieion at Derecikören R TIB Paphlagonien 128, 189
Roads
Itinerary Period Reference
Dia → Heraclea → Tieion → Amastris → RL TIB Paphlagonien 127-30 Abonouteichos → Sinope Optatianai → Bithynion → Krateia → Kandara? → RL TIB Paphlagonien 117-24 Pimolisa Dia → Prusias ad Hypium RL TIB Paphlagonien 130-31 Dableis → Modra → Bithynion → Gökçesu → Tieion RL TIB Paphlagonien 131-32 Krateia → Carus Vicus → Krentios → Map 63 RL TIB Paphlagonien 133 Kaisareia → Sora → Kastamonu (2 routes) → HRL French 1985, 143; TIB Paphlagonien 124-27 Pompeiopolis → Hambarkaya Sinope → Salar R?L TIB Paphlagonien 134-35 Kastamonu → Kandara? → Gangra → SW R?L TIB Paphlagonien 134-35 Tattaios → Gordioukome → Sykeon RL TIB Galatien 95-96 Anadynata → Gangra → *Kobara → Pimolisa → R? French 1984, 123; TIB Paphlagonien 117-24 Hamamözü Map 63 → Map 87 (SE corner of 86) RL Mitchell 1982, 96; French 1984, 123
Unlocated Toponyms
Name Period Probable Location References
Akonai HR near Acheron fl. RE; TIB Paphlagonien 160 Anthemousis L. H coast near Heraclea RE Anthemoeisis Arkiroessa H region of Heraclea Asheri 1972, 32; TIB Paphlagonien 173
Coralius fl. R W Heraclea RE; TIB Paphlagonien 185
Dardanis H region of Heraclea Asheri 1972, 32
Enete A probably in Pontus Lasserre 1981, 208
Hodioupolis H region of Heraclea RE Suppl. 9 Hodiupolis; TIB Paphlagonien 216
Kadosia L E Nicomedia Janin 1975, 80 Kalpiton H N Galatia RE Kressa H Paphlagonia RE Κρῆσσα 2; TIB Paphlagonien 241 Krobialos AH coast, near Amastris RE Kyrsaita = Tyndaridai 1224 MAP 86 PAPHLAGONIA
Name Period Probable Location References
Lyre = Stheleni mon.
Mala M. L near Gangra TIB Paphlagonien 249 Marmolitis R region of Paphlagonia RE Mastya R between Billaios fl. and Kromna RE Mastya Milesiorum; TIB Paphlagonien 252 Matrix L between Gangra and Ancyra RE 2; TIB Paphlagonien 252 Mision R near Pompeiopolis TIB Paphlagonien 252
Nymphaion RL on coast, E Heraclea RE 5; TIB Paphlagonien 255
Orminion Oros R around Bithynion? RE; TIB Paphlagonien 256
Paedopides fl. R E Heraclea TIB Paphlagonien 258 Poimen H region of Heraclea RE 5 Poseideion/ RL on coast, E Heraclea Arrian, PPE 13.4; TIB Paphlagonien 262 Potistia Priola H region of Heraclea RE; TIB Paphlagonien 264
Sakorsa R near Pompeiopolis TIB Paphlagonien 269 Sandarakourgion Oros R near Pimolisa RE; TIB Paphlagonien 145-46 Sanisene R Paphlagonia RE Skorobas Oros H Bithynia / Paphlagonia border RE; TIB Paphlagonien 271 region Sthenelou monu./ H W Paphlagonian coast RE Sthenelos 1 Lyre
Tetrakis C W Sinope RE Theba(is) Ins. H region of Heraclea RE Tition H in territory of Mariandynoi TIB Paphlagonien 278 Tobata R near Gangra TIB Paphlagonien 278 Tyndaridai/ RL/ on coast, E Heraclea Arrian, PPE 13.4; TIB Paphlagonien 279 Kyrsaita L
‘Viciu’ L road station between Gangra and TIB Paphlagonien 281 Pompeiopolis
Zoaka R near Gangra TIB Paphlagonien 285
False Toponyms
Name Reference Comment
Diakimelion BE 1987.487 misreading for Diakeimenon ‘Dusae ad Olympum’ RE Prusias 5, col. 1132 misreading for Prusias ad Hypium
Bibliography
Asheri 1972 Belke 1992 D. Asheri and W. Hoepfner, Herakleia Pontike: K. Belke, “Untersuchungen an der paphlagonischen Forschungen zur Geschichte und Topographie, Schwarzmeerküste,” in R. Pillinger et al. (eds.), Die DenkWien 106, Vienna, 1972. Schwarzmeerkuste in der Spätantike und im frühen Mittelalter, pp.145-54, Vienna, 1992. MAP 86 PAPHLAGONIA 1225
Dörner 1952 Mendel 1901 F.K. Dörner, Bericht über eine Reise in G. Mendel, “Inscriptions de Bithynie,” BCH 25 Bithynien,DenkWien 75, Vienna, 1952. (1901) 5-92. French 1981 Mitchell 1974 D.H. French, Roman roads and milestones of Asia S. Mitchell, “Blucium and Peium, the Galatian forts Minor I: the Pilgrim’s Road, British Institute of of King Deiotarus,” AnatSt 24 (1974) 61-75. Archaeology at Ankara Monograph 3, BAR Mitchell 1982 International series 105, Oxford, 1981. S. Mitchell, Regional epigraphic catalogues of Asia French 1984 Minor II: the Ankara district, the inscriptions of D. French, “Roma yolları ve mil taşları,” Araştırma 2 North Galatia, British Institute of Archaeology at (1984) 123-29. Ankara Monograph 4, BAR International Series 135, Oxford, 1982. French 1985 D. French, “Roma yolları ve mil taşları,” Araştırma 3 Mitchell 1993 (1985) 143-54. S. Mitchell, Anatolia: land, men and gods in Asia Minor,2vols.,Oxford,1993. Gall 1966 H. von Gall, Die paphlagonischen Felsgräber, Neumann 1986 Tübingen, 1966. G. Neumann, “Modrovanik,” EpAnat 8 (1986) 52. Jerphanion 1914 Robert 1937 G. de Jerphanion, “Inscriptions de Cappadoce et du L. Robert, Etudes anatoliennes,Paris,1937. Pont,” Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph Robert 1980 (Beyrouth) 7 (1914-21) 1-22. L. Robert, A travers l’Asie Mineure, BEFAR 239, Hoepfner 1966 1980. W. Hoepfner, Herakleia Pontike-Ereğli, DenkWien Şahin 1986 89, Vienna, 1966. S. Şahin, “Studien über die Probleme der Janin 1975 historischen Geographie des nordwestlichen R. Janin, Les églises et les monastères des grands Kleinasiens I: Strabon XII 3,7 p. 543. Der Fluss centres byzantins,Paris,1975. Gallos, die Stadt Modr