Kas Ar Savu Uzņēmību Un Iniciatīvu Iedvesmoja Pētniecības Programmas „Nacionālā Identitāte” Īstenošanu Sociālo Zinātņu Fakultātē

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Kas Ar Savu Uzņēmību Un Iniciatīvu Iedvesmoja Pētniecības Programmas „Nacionālā Identitāte” Īstenošanu Sociālo Zinātņu Fakultātē Monogrāfija veltīta profesorei Intai Brikšei (1956–2014), kas ar savu uzņēmību un iniciatīvu iedvesmoja pētniecības programmas „Nacionālā identitāte” īstenošanu Sociālo zinātņu fakultātē. DAUDZVEIDĪGĀS UN MAINĪGĀS LATVIJAS IDENTITĀTES LU akadēmiskais apgāds MULTIPLE AND CHANGING LATVIAN IDENTITIES UL Press Daudzveidīgās un mainīgās Latvijas identitātes. Rīga: LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2014. ….lpp. Recenzenti: Dr. art. Deniss Hanovs Ph.D. Daina Stukuls Eglitis Lēmums par grāmatas “Daudzveidīgās un mainīgās Latvijas identitātes” izdošanu LU apgādā pieņemts 16.06.2014. ar SZF Domes sēdes lēmumu Nr. 2960-V2-2-44 (protokols Nr. 2960-V2-1-8). Zinātniskie redaktori Prof. Dr. phil. Juris Rozenvalds Prof. Dr. sc. soc. Aija Zobena Literārais redaktors Juris Goldmanis Korektore Sandra Liniņa Maketētāja Andra Liepiņa © Latvijas Universitāte, 2014 © Daina Bāra, Baiba Bela, Ieva Birka, Uģis Bratuškins, Sandra Brigsa, Anna Broka, Ireta Čekse, Martins Ehala, Andrejs Geske, Andris Grīnfelds, Jānis Ikstens, Ivars Ījabs, Evija Kļave, Ilze Koroļeva, Ilze Lāce, Skaidrīte Lasmane, Agita Misāne, Dace Muceniece, Mareks Niklass, Žaneta Ozoliņa, Līga Paula, Feliciana Rajevska, Līga Rasnača, Iveta Reinholde, Kristaps Ročāns, Laura Romanovska, Toms Rostoks, Juris Rozenvalds, Ritma Rungule, Ojārs Skudra, Aleksejs Šņitņikovs, Lolita Stašāne, Inese Šūpule, Sandra Treija, Evija Zača, Vita Zelče, Brigita Zepa, Marita Zitmane, Linda Zīverte, Aija Zobena, 2014 ISBN 978-9984-45-871-7 SATURS Juris Rozenvalds, Aija Zobena Priekšvārds .......................................................... 9 1. NACIONĀLĀ IDENTITĀTE UN ETNISKĀS ATTIECĪBAS ........ 23 1.1. Ivars Ījabs Starp etnisko un pilsonisko: daži apsvērumi par nacionālās identitātes problēmu .............................. 23 1.2. Martins Ehala Etniskās un nacionālās identitātes Baltijas valstīs ................... 33 1.3. Brigita Zepa, Evija Kļave, Inese Šūpule Nacionālās identitātes veidošanas diskursi Latvijā .................. 53 1.4. Ieva Birka Krievvalodīgās kopienas piederības izjūta Latvijai un to ietekmējošie faktori integrācijas politikas un nacionālās identitātes kontekstā ........................................... 79 2. NACIONĀLĀS IDENTITĀTES POLITISKIE ASPEKTI ............ 95 2.1. Jānis Ikstens Etniskā identitāte un politiskā rīcībspēja .......................... 95 2.2. Žaneta Ozoliņa, Toms Rostoks Latvijas ārpolitikas identitāte .................................... 110 2.3. Ojārs Skudra Nacionālās identitātes deficīta problēma partiju politiskajā komunikācijā 2013. gada pašvaldību vēlēšanu kontekstā ............. 123 2.4. Aleksejs Šņitņikovs Nacionālā identitāte, individualizācija, globalizācija un valsts ........ 137 3. NACIONĀLĀ IDENTITĀTE SOCIĀLĀS DROŠĪBAS KONTEKSTĀ .................................................. 149 3.1. Sandra Brigsa, Anna Broka, Feliciana Rajevska, Kristaps Ročāns, Laura Romanovska, Linda Zīverte Krīze: izaicinājumi un iespējas sociālajai cilvēkdrošībai Latvijā ....... 149 3.2. Mareks Niklass, Līga Rasnača Ekonomiskā rīcībspēja ......................................... 173 4. NACIONĀLĀ IDENTITĀTE UN SOCIĀLĀ ATMIŅA ............. 195 4.1. Vita Zelče Latvijas iedzīvotāju sociālās atmiņas kopienas un identitāte .......... 195 4.2. Vita Zelče Latvijas sociālās atmiņas politika, Eiropas Savienības un Krievijas ietekme uz to ......................................... 206 5 4.3. Skaidrīte Lasmane Nācijas un nacionālās identitātes morālā dimensija ................. 216 5. NACIONĀLĀ IDENTITĀTE KOMUNIKĀCIJAS PROCESĀ . 229 5.1. Lolita Stašāne, Marita Zitmane Svētku svinēšana un patērēšana. Reklāma un patērētāju identitātes ........................................... 229 5.2. Daina Bāra, Dace Muceniece, Iveta Reinholde, Ivars Ījabs Cilvēkdrošības problēma Latvijā: valsts un sabiedrības attiecības ..... 243 6. SOCIĀLĀS GRUPAS UN NACIONĀLĀ IDENTITĀTE ............ 251 6.1. Ritma Rungule, Ilze Koroļeva Latvijas jauniešu daudzveidīgās identitātes ........................ 251 6.2. Ireta Čekse, Andrejs Geske, Andris Grīnfelds Pilsoniskuma un rīcībspējas veidošanās izglītības procesā ........... 270 6.3. Agita Misāne Latvijas iedzīvotāju reliģiskās identitātes un reliģiozitātes dinamika pēc neatkarības atjaunošanas ........................... 284 6.4. Baiba Bela Starptautiskā migrācija un nacionālā identitāte – transnacionālas piederības veidošanās ............................ 296 7. NACIONĀLĀS IDENTITĀTES TELPISKĀS DIMENSIJAS ......... 315 7.1. Ilze Lāce Telpas sociālā izpratne un vietas piederība ......................... 315 7.2. Aija Zobena, Līga Paula Nacionālā un vietas identitāte: lauku kopienu rīcībspējas faktori ...... 327 7.3. Evija Zača Jaunu identitāšu konstruēšana Rīgas pilsētvides radošajās telpās ...... 337 7.4. Sandra Treija, Uģis Bratuškins Rīgas lielmēroga dzīvojamo rajonu identitāte un attīstība ............ 347 Juris Rozenvalds, Aija Zobena Kopsavilkums angļu valodā ............................................ 363 Izmantotā literatūra un avoti ........................................ 379 Grāmatas autori ................................................... 421 Alfabētiskais rādītājs ............................................... 429 6 CONTENTS Juris Rozenvalds, Aija Zobena Foreword ............................................................ 9 1. NATIONAL IDENTITY AND ETHNIC RELATIONS ............. 23 1.1. Ivars Ījabs Between the Ethnic and Civic: Some Considerations on the Problem of “National Identity” ............................ 23 1.2. Martins Ehala Ethnic and National Identities in the Baltic States .................. 33 1.3. Brigita Zepa, Evija Kļave, Inese Šūpule The Discursive Construction of National Identity in Latvia .......... 53 1.4. Ieva Birka Russian Speakers’ Sense of Belonging to Latvia and Factors Influencing Belonging within the Context of Integration and National Identity .............................. 79 2. POLITICAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY ............... 95 2.1. Jānis Ikstens Ethnic Identity and Political Capability ........................... 95 2.2. Žaneta Ozoliņa, Toms Rostoks The Identity of Latvia’s Foreign Policy ............................. 110 2.3. Ojārs Skudra National Identity Deficit: A Problem in the Parties’ Political Communication in the Context of Municipal Elections of 2013 .............................................. 123 2.4. Aleksejs Šņitņikovs National Identity, Individualization, Globalization and the State ...... 137 3. NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL SECURITY ........................................... 149 3.1. Sandra Brigsa, Anna Broka, Feliciana Rajevska, Kristaps Ročāns, Laura Romanovska, Linda Zīverte Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities for Social Human Security in Latvia .............................................. 149 3.2. Mareks Niklass, Līga Rasnača Economic Capability . 173 4. NATIONAL IDENTITY AND COLLECTIVE MEMORY ........... 195 4.1. Vita Zelče “Communities of Memory” and Identity of the Population of Latvia ..................................................... 195 7 4.2. Vita Zelče Latvia’s Collective Memory Policy, and the Impact of Russia and the European Union on It .......................... 206 4.3. Skaidrīte Lasmane Moral Dimension of the Nation and National Identity .............. 216 5. NATIONAL IDENTITY IN COMMUNICATION PROCESSES ..... 229 5.1. Lolita Stašāne, Marita Zitmane Celebration and Consumption. Advertising and Consumers’ Identities .......................................... 229 5.2. Daina Bāra, Dace Muceniece, Iveta Reinholde, Ivars Ījabs The Problem of Human Security in Latvia: The Relations Between the State and the Society .................... 243 6. SOCIAL GROUPS AND NATIONAL IDENTITY ................. 251 6.1. Ritma Rungule, Ilze Koroļeva Diverse Identities of the Youth in Latvia .......................... 251 6.2. Ireta Čekse, Andrejs Geske, Andris Grīnfelds Shaping Citizenship and Capability Through the Education Process .......................................... 270 6.3. Agita Misāne Dynamics of Religious Identity and Religiousness in Latvia After the Restoration of Independence .................... 284 6.4. Baiba Bela International Migration and National Identity: Formation of Transnational Belonging ............................ 294 7. SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY ............. 315 7.1. Ilze Lāce Social Comprehension of Space and Affiliation to a Place ............ 315 7.2. Aija Zobena, Līga Paula National and Location-Specific Identity: Capability Factors of Rural Communities ......................... 327 7.3. Evija Zača Construing New Identities in the Creative Spaces of Riga’s Urban Environment .................................... 337 7.4. Sandra Treija, Uģis Bratuškins Identity and Development of Riga’s Mass Residential Areas . 347 Juris Rozenvalds, Aija Zobena Summary ......................................................... 363 Bibliography ...................................................... 379 Authors .......................................................... 425 Subject Index ...................................................... 429 8 PRIEKŠVĀRDS FOREWORD Identitāte ir viens no visbiežāk lietotajiem un apspriestajiem jēdzieniem so- ciālajās zinātnēs pēdējo desmitgažu laikā. Lielā mērā tas ir saistīts ar šī jēdziena spēju, atrodoties individuālā un kolektīvā sadurā, reizē tvert šīs divas mūsdienu pasaulē tik nozīmīgās dimensijas. Kā raksta viens no identitātes jēdziena ievie- sējiem, slavenais amerikāņu psihologs un psihoanalītiķis Ēriks Eriksons (Erik H. Erikson), “termins “identitāte” izsaka [..] gan pastāvīgu pašidentifikāciju (selfsameness),
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