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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87715-2 — The Cambridge History of War Edited by Anne Curry , David A. Graff Index More Information Index Aachen Capitulary, 646, 656 Aghlabids, 674 Abagha, Mongol Ilkhan, 301, 304, 316 Agincourt, battle of, 350, 352, 382 327 498 Abaoji, Khitan leader, Ah˙mad Shah II, Bahmani sultan, ʿAbba¯sid caliphate, 6, 7, 10, 18, 24, 31, 39, 41–9, Ajnadayn, battle of, 32 112, 186, 674 Aki Tokason of Fyn, 102 Abbo of St. Germain-des-Près, 83 akıncı (Ottoman raiding army), 456, 460–2 ʿAbd Alla¯h al-Ma’mu¯n, ʿAbba¯sid caliph, ʿAla¯’ al-D¯nı Khalj¯,ı Delhi sultan, 485, 494 45–7, 178 Alans, 131, 299, 315, 442, 445 ʿAbd Alla¯h ibn al-Zubayr, 32, 40 Alarcos, battle of, 419 ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwa¯n, Umayyad caliph, Albania, Ottoman conquest of, 468 39–41, 49 Albert the Great, 661 ʿAbd al-Rahma¯n ibn Muʿa¯wiya, 410 Alberti, Leon Battista, 406 Abe Yoritoki, 234 Albigensian Crusade, 8, 421, 629 Abna¯’, 43–5, 46 Albornoz, Gil, 391 Abu¯Bakr, 30 Albuquerque, Alfonso de, 505 ʿ ʿ 37 83 Abu¯Ish˙a¯qal-Mu tas˙im, Abba¯sid caliph, , Alcuin, 46, 47, 48, 178 Aleksandr Nevskii, prince of Novgorod, 306 Abu¯’l-Hasan ʿAl¯,ı ruler of Granada, 427 Alexios I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor, 109, Abu¯Muslim al-Khura¯sa¯ni, ʿAbba¯sid 118, 122, 130–2, 272, 275, 278–9, 282, 284, general, 42–3 437–8, 440, 446 Abu¯Sa‘¯d,ı Mongol Ilkhan, 304 Alexios III Angelos, Byzantine emperor, 431 Abu¯Sha¯ma, 676 Alfonso I, king of Aragon, 417, 420 ʿ 32 421 Abu¯ Ubayda ibn al-Jarra¯h˙, Alfonso II, king of Aragon, Abu¯Yu¯suf, Marinid sultan, 424 Alfonso IV, king of Portugal, 426 Achaia, 430, 432 Alfonso V, king of Aragon (and later of Acre, siege of, 269, 276, 281, 283, 287, 294–6 Naples), 402, 405 Adachi Yasumori, 532 Alfonso VI, king of León and Castile, 418, 422 Adam of Bremen, 102, 142 Alfonso VII, king of Castile, 419, 421, 422 adiutorium (a system of “assistance”), 74 Alfonso VIII, king of Castile, 419 Adrianople Alfonso IX, king of León, 419 battle of, 431 Alfonso X, king of Castile, 384, 420, 422, 424 Ottoman conquest of, 435, 451 Alfonso XI, king of Castile, 426 Aesir (Norse gods and godesses), 623 Alfred the Great, 76–7, 78, 93, 96–7 Æthelbald, Mercian king, 64 burghal system, 652 Æthelwulf, West Saxon king, 75 ship building, 665 Afghanistan, 470, 485 Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, 307 Mongol attacks on, 298, 304, 317, 320 Alhama de Granada, 427 Afonso I Henriques, king of Portugal, 412, Alhambra palace, 428 422, 423 Alighieri, Dante, 391 720 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87715-2 — The Cambridge History of War Edited by Anne Curry , David A. Graff Index More Information Index Aljubarrota, battle of, 356 Antoku, Japanese emperor, 235, 236 almogaveres (Christian frontier fighters), 414 Anzen, battle of, 158, 167 Almohads, 410, 419, 423–4, 674 Apollinaris, Sidonius, 644 Almoravids, 410, 418, 420, 674 Apros, battle of, 445 Alp Arslan, Seljuq sultan, 112 Aq Qoyunlu (“White Sheep”) Türkmen Amidamine castle, 547 confederation, 469 Am¯rı Khusrau, 493 Aquitaine, 51, 58, 94 amphibious warfare, 261 eighth-century campaigns, 68 An Lushan, Tang general, 178, 186–8, 189, Viking attacks on, 88 190–1, 192, 194, 201, 205–6, 209–10, Arabia, pre-Islamic, 218, 324 patterns of violence, 22 Anadolu Hisarı (Anatolian castle), 452, 454 threats from the Byantines and Anatolia. See also Asia Minor Sasanids, 23–4 Ottoman conquest of, 469 tribal system, 21 Tamerlane’s conquest of, 310, 452–3 Arabian/Islamic campaigns, 17–20, 30–9 131 38 Anatolian light infantry, ams˙ a¯r (garrison towns), Ancestral Pueblo, 598, 603–7, 610 d¯waı ¯n system, 37 Ancient South-East Asian Warfare (Wales, military service system, 36–8 1952), 1 results of, 35–6 Andrei II of Vladimir, 306 Ridda wars, 30, 32 Andrei III Aleksandrovich, Russian prince, 306 Arabs, 18, 158, 172, 178 Andrew II, Hungarian king, 270 conflict with the Tang, 186 Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine in Mongol armies, 9 emperor, 432–4, 441, 444 wars with the Byzantines, 126, 627 Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine Aragon, 411, 420–2 emperor, 306, 433, 444 archaeological evidence Angevin rulers, 392, 393 Arab/Islamic campaigns, 31 Angkor, 507, 508 battle injuries, 367–8 Anglian Tower (Tower 19, York), 645 boundary of the Uighur empire, 170 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 91, 93, 665–6 early medieval Indian fortifications, 482 Anglo-Saxons expansion of the Delhi sultanate, 501 cadastral system of military service, 75, 77 Great Moravian armies, 144 fortifications, 652 Inca fortifications, 595 maritime technology, 662–3, 665 Maya militarism, 560 mercenaries in the Byzantine army, 131 Mesoamerican fortifications, 562 patterns of warfare, 67 Mesoamerican/American transport political impact of Viking invasions, 97 network architecture, 565 responses to Viking raids, 95, 96, 97 military service in Anglo-Saxon weaponry, 648 England, 60 Ankara, battle of, 310, 436 Mississippian warfare, 599–600 Anna Komnena, Byzantine princess, 282, North American cultures, 554 649, 656 patterns in Ancestral Pueblo Anna of Savoy, Byzantine empress communities, 604 consort, 451 personal defense items, 641 Annals of St Bertin, 92 Romans in Scandinavia, 85–6 Annals of Ulster, 91, 95 Scandinavian boathouses, 104 Anshicheng, siege of, 208, 209 shields, 646 Antalya, siege of, 467 ships, 55, 90, 662–5 Antiche Berner Chronik (Schilling), 369 Slavonic forts, 141 Antioch, 278–9, 290, 294 Turkish armor, 158, 162 battle of, 441 war and violence in the American expansion of, 288–9 Southwest, 602 siege of, 272, 275, 281, 282–3 weaponry, 54, 640, 643–4 721 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87715-2 — The Cambridge History of War Edited by Anne Curry , David A. Graff Index More Information Index archaeological evidence (cont.) knights, 253–5, 649, 654–5 Ancestral Pueblo, 605 Mongol, 313 Japanese, 546 plate, 367, 658–9 seventh-century European, 65 prehistoric, 640 Turkish, 154, 156–7 Roman lorica, 641, 642 Viking, 648 Slavonic, 147 archers/archery. See also horse archers; Southeast Asian, 521 longbowmen Tang, 204–5 armies of the Delhi sultanate, 491, 495 Turkish, 158–60 armor, 538, 660 Uighur, 159 battle of Bourgthéroulde, 249 Vijayanagara, 499–500 contests, 382, 526 Arnulf, king of East Francia, 76 crusader armies, 270 Arpa Ke’ün khan, 303 damp climates and, 138 arquebuses, 380, 447, 467, 468 English armies, 372, 373–4, 379 Arques, battle of, 656 English at Crécy, 350 ʿarra¯da (torsion catapults), 493 English mercenary, 377–8 arrows/arrowheads francs, 375–7 enhanced with gunpowder, 335 Hindu, 497–8 fire, 340, 503, 545, 546–7 injuries caused by, 367 Japanese, 227, 529, 537 Japanese, 216, 529 Mesoamerican, 575 Mongol, 314, 318 Mongol, 313 mounted on elephants, 479, 514 poison, 139 native American, 602 Turkish, 156, 157 naval warfare, 357 wounds caused by, 367, 549–50 Ottoman, 466–7, 468 Arsuf, battle of, 269, 277, 293 protection of, 368 Artha S´a¯stra, 476, 630, 635 ratio of in English armies, 360, 366 artillery. See also ballistae; cannon; catapults; Scottish, 379 gunpowder; mangonels; trebuchets Tang, 196 Japanese, 216 training, 163, 369, 383, 487–8, 520 Ottoman, 467, 468 Western European, 255 revolution, 350, 387 Arghun, Mongol Ilkhan, 304, 316 Roman, 644–5 Arigh Böke, 301 traction, 258 arimanni, 61–2 Arundel, earl of, 373 Armagnac–Burgundian civil war, 353, 374 Ascalon, battle of, 276, 283, 286 armet (bascinet helmet), 660 ashigaru (Japanese skirmishers), 545 Armies of the Caliphs, The: Military and Society Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese general, 524, 535, in the Early Islamic State (Kennedy, 536, 537, 540, 541 2001), 4 Ashikaga Yoshimasa, Japanese sho¯gun, 543 Armillas, Pedro, 561 Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese sho¯gun, 548 armor, 55 Ashikaga Yoshiteru. Japanese sho¯gun, 551 Avar, 158 Ashikaga Yoshizume, Japanese sho¯gun, 548 Aztec, 576–7, 579 Ashinas, 152, 179 Byzantine, 445 Ashinas Helu, Shaboluo qaghan, 184 Carolingian, 646, 649 Ashinas She’er, Turkish prince, 177 cloth-covered, 659–60 Asia Minor, 112, 114, 124–5, 130, 131–2, See also Delhi sultanate, 490 Anatolia early medieval Indian, 479–80 Äskekär ship, 663 European, 1000–1300, 253–6 As´oka, Mauryan emperor, 625 French, 376 al-Ashraf-Khalil, Mamlu¯k sultan, 295 horse. See horse armor Asturias, 80 Japanese, 223, 225–6, 538–9, 551 Atawallpa, Inca emperor, 592 722 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87715-2 — The Cambridge History of War Edited by Anne Curry , David A. Graff Index More Information Index Athlit castle, 292, 295 Bansala fort, siege of, 483 Atlantic naval operations, 575–6 Banu¯Thaq¯f,ı 30 atlatl (Mesoamerican weapon or dart Bapheus, battle of, 433 thrower), 575–6, 590 Baran¯,ı 485, 493 Atlixco, battle of, 581–2 Baraq, Chaghatayid khan, 303 Attila, ruler of the Huns, 133, 137–8 Barbastro, attack on, 417 Aubigny, William d’, 251 Barbosa, Duarte, 498 Augustine of Hippo, 631, 633 barbuta (bascinet helmet), 660 Aurelian, Roman emperor, 642 barche (rowboats), 401 Ava, 508, 519 Barua, Pradeep, 3 Avars, 12, 110, 133–8, 141, 149, 154 Basil II, Byzantine emperor, 100, 109, 110, 111, armor, 159 115, 128–30, 143 catapults, 642 battle axes, 147, 157, 159 use of petroboles (rock throwers), 645 Anglo-Saxon, 648 Axayacatl, Aztec emperor, 586 bipointed, 605 axes. See battle axes; throwing axes early medieval Indian, 479 Ayachi, son of Qubilai khan, 309 of the nomadic tribes, 135 Ayala, Felipe Guaman Poma de, 594 stone, 589 Ayaz, Ahmad bin, 495 Viking, 648 ʿAyn Ja¯lu¯t, battle of, 12, 294, 300 battle hammers, 135,
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    Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P Namur** . NOP-1 Pegonitissa . NOP-203 Namur** . NOP-6 Pelaez** . NOP-205 Nantes** . NOP-10 Pembridge . NOP-208 Naples** . NOP-13 Peninton . NOP-210 Naples*** . NOP-16 Penthievre**. NOP-212 Narbonne** . NOP-27 Peplesham . NOP-217 Navarre*** . NOP-30 Perche** . NOP-220 Navarre*** . NOP-40 Percy** . NOP-224 Neuchatel** . NOP-51 Percy** . NOP-236 Neufmarche** . NOP-55 Periton . NOP-244 Nevers**. NOP-66 Pershale . NOP-246 Nevil . NOP-68 Pettendorf* . NOP-248 Neville** . NOP-70 Peverel . NOP-251 Neville** . NOP-78 Peverel . NOP-253 Noel* . NOP-84 Peverel . NOP-255 Nordmark . NOP-89 Pichard . NOP-257 Normandy** . NOP-92 Picot . NOP-259 Northeim**. NOP-96 Picquigny . NOP-261 Northumberland/Northumbria** . NOP-100 Pierrepont . NOP-263 Norton . NOP-103 Pigot . NOP-266 Norwood** . NOP-105 Plaiz . NOP-268 Nottingham . NOP-112 Plantagenet*** . NOP-270 Noyers** . NOP-114 Plantagenet** . NOP-288 Nullenburg . NOP-117 Plessis . NOP-295 Nunwicke . NOP-119 Poland*** . NOP-297 Olafsdotter*** . NOP-121 Pole*** . NOP-356 Olofsdottir*** . NOP-142 Pollington . NOP-360 O’Neill*** . NOP-148 Polotsk** . NOP-363 Orleans*** . NOP-153 Ponthieu . NOP-366 Orreby . NOP-157 Porhoet** . NOP-368 Osborn . NOP-160 Port . NOP-372 Ostmark** . NOP-163 Port* . NOP-374 O’Toole*** . NOP-166 Portugal*** . NOP-376 Ovequiz . NOP-173 Poynings . NOP-387 Oviedo* . NOP-175 Prendergast** . NOP-390 Oxton . NOP-178 Prescott . NOP-394 Pamplona . NOP-180 Preuilly . NOP-396 Pantolph . NOP-183 Provence*** . NOP-398 Paris*** . NOP-185 Provence** . NOP-400 Paris** . NOP-187 Provence** . NOP-406 Pateshull . NOP-189 Purefoy/Purifoy . NOP-410 Paunton . NOP-191 Pusterthal .
  • Opfer Des Tatarenjochs Oder Besatzungsgewinner? Die Moskauer Großfürsten Und Die Goldene Horde in Der Darstellung Der Historiographie

    Opfer Des Tatarenjochs Oder Besatzungsgewinner? Die Moskauer Großfürsten Und Die Goldene Horde in Der Darstellung Der Historiographie

    Opfer des Tatarenjochs oder Besatzungsgewinner? Die Moskauer Großfürsten und die Goldene Horde in der Darstellung der Historiographie Diplomarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magisters der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz vorgelegt von Bernard NIKOLLA am Institut für Geschichte Begutachter: Ass.-Prof. Mag. Dr. phil. Johannes Gießauf Graz, 2021 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides statt, dass ich die vorliegende Diplomarbeit selbständig und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken wurden als solche kenntlich gemacht. Diese Arbeit wurde in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. 17.05.2021 Datum, Ort Unterschrift Gendererklärung Aus Gründen der besseren Lesbarkeit wird auf die gleichzeitige Verwendung der Sprachformen männlich, weiblich und divers (m/w/d) verzichtet. Sämtliche Personenbezeichnungen gelten gleichermaßen für alle Geschlechter. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung ............................................................................................................................... 7 2 Historischer Abriss der Goldenen Horde .......................................................................... 10 2.1 Tschinggis Khan und der Aufstieg des Mongolischen Reiches ..................................... 10 2.2 Der mongolische Vormarsch nach Europa ....................................................................
  • Course Overview

    Course Overview

    COURSE OVERVIEW HISTORY 10 – HUMANITIES Early Medieval History COURSE DESCRIPTION Far from being a time of darkness as many have come to think of the Middle Ages, Medieval history plays a vital role in our understanding of the world today. The Medieval period from the time of Christ through the High Middle Ages is a fascinating world of flourishing culture from art, politics, warfare, literature, education, and science. It is during this age that we see the rise of soaring Cathedrals, new naval engineering, a grand synthesis of faith and reason, and the thriving of new arts and culture. Whether students are exploring the vast world of Byzantium, the Carolingian Dynasty, or the rise of Islam, they will be awed by the events of history and delighted to find just how connected and similar they are to our own world today. WHY WE TEACH IT The Middle Ages were an organic development of the Ancient world and as such, they deepen our understanding not merely of the period studied but everything that came afterward too. It is only by studying the men and cultures that came before us that we can properly interpret and understand our own. students will discover that the people of the Middle Ages are not as distant from our own time as we once thought. In fact, students may even discover that they have a great deal to teach us about how to live and flourish in our own contemporary society. KEY THEMES ● Struggle between Christianity and Paganism ● Developments of Christian Culture ● Flourishing of Art and Sciences as well as the horrible misconceptions caused by ignorance ● How the Medieval world shapes our own ● Wise peace and Just warfare COURSE MATERIALS ● Supplementary readings as handed out by the teacher.