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IRK BİTİG Ve RUNİK HARFLİ METİNLERİN DİLİ

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IRK BİTİG Ve RUNİK HARFLİ METİNLERİN DİLİ TC YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI ANABİLİM DALI TÜRK DİLİ DOKTORA PROGRAMI DOKTORA TEZİ IRK BİTİG ve RUNİK HARFLİ METİNLERİN DİLİ FİKRET YILDIRIM 07725202 TEZ DANIŞMANI PROF. DR. MEHMET ÖLMEZ İSTANBUL 2013 Created by trial version, http://www.pdf-convert.com ÖZ IRK BİTİG ve RUNİK HARFLİ METİNLERİN DİLİ Hazırlayan Fikret Yıldırım Aralık, 2013 Kâğıda yazılı Eski Türkçe runik harfli metinleri ele aldığımız bu çalışmada öncelikle bu metinlerin bir envanteri hazırlanmıştır. Şu an Almanya, İngiltere, Japonya, Rusya ve Fransa’da bulunan toplam 46 adet katalog numaralı yazmanın transliterasyonu, transkripsiyonu ve Türkçe çevirileri verilmiştir. Bu yazmalar içinde en hacimlisi olan fal kitabı Irk Bitig üzerine açıklamalar da yapılmıştır. Bu açıklamalarda hem Irk Bitig’in hem de bununla bağlantılı olarak Eski Türkçenin kimi dil özellikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda mevcut bütün kâğıda yazılı Eski Türkçe runik metinlerin sözlüğü verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Irk Bitig, Eski Türkçe, Runik Metin, Envanter, Sözlük iii ABSTRACT IRK BİTİG and THE LANGUAGE of RUNIC MANUSCRIPTS Prepared by Fikret Yıldırım December, 2013 In this study, I dealt with Old Turkic runic manuscripts. Firstly, I prepared the inventory of Old Turkic runic manucripts. Now, there are 46 Old Turkic runic manuscripts with catalogue numbers which are preserved in Germany, England, Japan, Russia, and France. Also, I gave the transliteration, transcription and the Turkish translation of these manuscripts. Among these manuscripts, the voluminous one is the omen book, Irk Bitig. I also gave some remarks on this book. In these notes, I dealt with linguistic features of Irk Bitig parallel to Old Turkic. At the end of this study, I gave the vocabulary of Old Turkic runic manuscripts. Keywords : Irk Bitig, Old Turkic, Runic Manuscripts, Inventory, Vocabulary iv ÖNSÖZ Irk Bitig ve Runik Harfli Metinlerin Dili adlı tez çalışmamız esasen başta Eski Türkçe bir fal kitabı olan Irk Bitig ile diğer bütün kâğıda yazılı Eski Türkçe runik harfli metinleri kapsamaktadır. Irk Bitig mevcut kâğıda yazılı runik metinler arasında bütünlüklü olarak ele geçirilmiş olan tek eserdir. Yüz dört sayfadan oluşan bu eser çalışmamızın ilk ayağını oluşturmuştur. Çalışmamızda öncelikle Irk Bitig’i yeniden okuyup yorumladık ve çeşitli açıklamalarda bulunduk. Bu açıklamalarda kimi zaman Irk Bitig’in dil özelliklerine değindik kimi zaman da bu eserin çekirdeğini oluşturan eski Türk kültür yapısına ışık tutmaya çalıştık. İkinci aşamada ise diğer kâğıda yazılı runik metinler üzerinde durduk. Bu bölümde verdiğimiz kimi fragmanlar ilk defa tarafımızca ele alınmıştır. Örneğin, aşağıda sıraladığımız on bir yazma parçası ilk kez çalışmamızda işlenmiştir: U 171a,b; U 172; U 173; U 174a,b; U 175; U 176; U 177; U 179; U 180; Mainz 387; Pelliot tibétain Touenhouang 2132 Ayrıca yazın değeri olmasa da Tryjarski (1968, 324) tarafından “Plate II. British Museum. Or. 8212(78) (Ch. 0014) and Or. 8212(79)” başlığı ile gösterilen toplu fragman resimleri içerisinde yer alan iki küçük fragman (G ve H fragmanı olarak adlandırdık) da tarafımızca ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmamızda, bilinen kâğıda yazılı Eski Türkçe runik harfli metinlerin tamamının işlenmesi bize bu metinlerin bir sözlüğünü de hazırlama imkanı vermiştir. Çalışmamızın son aşamasını oluşturan bu sözlük aslında bu metinler üzerine hazırlanmış ilk sözlük olma özelliği de taşımaktadır. Başta bu çalışmayı tez konusu olarak bana öneren ve tez çalışmam sırasında gerek çeşitli kaynakların temininde bana yardımcı olan gerekse de kimi konularda çalışmama ışık tutan danışman hocam Prof. Dr. Mehmet Ölmez’e, çalışmamın şekillenmesinde emeği geçen hocalarım Prof. Dr. Zühal Ölmez’e ve Prof. Dr. Mustafa S. Kaçalin’e, Osmanlıca metin okumasında yardımlarını esirgemeyen hocam Prof. Dr. Cihan Okuyucu’ya, çalışmam sırasında ihtiyaç duyduğum çeşitli materyallerin temininde bana yardımcı olan değerli araştırmacılar Doç. Dr. Volker Rybatzki, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hakan Aydemir, Manami Koyano ve Zemire Gulcalı’ya, kimi Fransızca metin çevirilerinde yardım aldığım Sezin Akbatur’a sonsuz teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Son olarak çalışmam sırasında bana her zaman destek olan eşim Mihrican’a ve oğlumuz Deniz’e de çok teşekkür ederim. v İÇİNDEKİLER TEZ ONAY SAYFASI ÖZ ......................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... iv ÖNSÖZ ................................................................................................................. v İÇİNDEKİLER .................................................................................................... vi TABLOLAR LİSTESİ ........................................................................................ viii KISALTMALAR ................................................................................................. ix 1. GİRİŞ ................................................................................................................ 1 2. KÂĞIDA YAZILI RUNİK HARFLİ ESKİ TÜRKÇE METİNLERİN ENVANTERİ ....................................................................................................... 11 2.1. Kâğıda Yazılı Runik Harfli Eski Türkçe Metinler Üzerine Yapılan Çalışmalar..................................................................................................... 15 3. IRK BİTİG ....................................................................................................... 20 3.1. Irk Bitig (Metnin Transliterasyonu, Transkripsiyonu ve Çevirisi) ........................................................................................................ 20 3.2. Irk Bitig (Açıklamalar) .......................................................................... 46 3.3. Irk Bitig (Faksimile) .............................................................................. 173 4. IRK BİTİG DIŞINDAKİ KÂĞIDA YAZILI RUNİK HARFLİ ESKİ TÜRKÇE METİNLER ....................................................................................... 200 4.1. Almanya’da Bulunan Runik Harfli Metinler ........................................ 200 4.1.1. Mainz 388 no’lu Yazma Parçası ................................................. 200 4.1.2. MIK III 35a+b no’lu Yazma Parçası .......................................... 203 4.1.3. U 178 no’lu Yazma Parçası ........................................................ 206 4.1.4. Mainz 172 no’lu Yazma Parçası ................................................. 208 4.1.5. U 180 no’lu Yazma Parçası ........................................................ 210 4.1.6. TM 332 no’lu Yazma Parçası ..................................................... 211 4.1.7. U 179 no’lu Yazma Parçası ........................................................ 212 4.1.8. U 171a,b no’lu Yazma Parçası ................................................... 214 4.1.9. U 174a,b no’lu Yazma Parçası ................................................... 217 4.1.10. Mainz 385a-d no’lu Yazma Parçası ......................................... 220 4.1.11. Mainz 175a,b no’lu Yazma Parçası .......................................... 223 4.1.12. Mainz 403a,b no’lu Yazma Parçası .......................................... 225 4.1.13. Mainz 402 no’lu Yazma Parçası ............................................... 228 4.1.14. U 175 no’lu Yazma Parçası ...................................................... 230 4.1.15. Mainz 171 no’lu Yazma Parçası ............................................... 232 4.1.16. U 177 no’lu Yazma Parçası ...................................................... 234 4.1.17. U 5 no’lu Yazma Parçası .......................................................... 236 4.1.18. Mainz 386 no’lu Yazma Parçası ............................................... 240 4.1.19. Mainz 400 no’lu Yazma Parçası ............................................... 243 vi 4.1.20. Mainz 167 no’lu Yazma Parçası ............................................... 245 4.1.21. Mainz 169a,b+c,d no’lu Yazma Parçası .................................. 247 4.1.22. Mainz 173a,b no’lu Yazma Parçası .......................................... 250 4.1.23. Mainz 174a-e no’lu Yazma Parçası .......................................... 252 4.1.24. U 172 no’lu Yazma Parçası ...................................................... 255 4.1.25. Mainz 387 no’lu Yazma Parçası ............................................... 257 4.1.26. Mainz 383 no’lu Yazma Parçası ............................................... 259 4.1.27. T II T 14 no’lu Yazma Parçası .................................................. 262 4.1.28. MIK III 34b no’lu Yazma Parçası ............................................. 266 4.1.29. Mainz 377 no’lu Yazma Parçası ............................................... 268 4.1.30. U 181 no’lu Yazma Parçası ...................................................... 270 4.1.31. U 173 no’lu Yazma Parçası ...................................................... 272 4.1.32. U 176 no’lu Yazma Parçası ...................................................... 273 4.1.33. M ... no’lu Yazma Parçası ........................................................ 275 4.1.34. MIK III 200 I no’lu Yazma Parçası .......................................... 277 4.2. İngiltere’de Bulunan Runik Harfli Metinler ......................................... 279 4.2.1. Or. 8212/76 no’lu Yazma Parçası .............................................. 279 4.2.2. Or. 8212/77 no’lu Yazma Parçası .............................................
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