DOCSLIB.ORG

Journal of Eurasian Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Journal of Eurasian Studies JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES _____________________________________________________________________________________ Journal of the Gábor Bálint de Szentkatolna Society Founded: 2009. Internet: www.federatio.org/joes.html _____________________________________________________________________________________ Volume VI., Issue 3. / July — September 2014 ____________________ ISSN 1877-4199 July-September 2014 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume VI., Issue 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Publisher Foundation 'Stichting MIKES INTERNATIONAL', established in The Hague, Holland. Account / International transfer BIC: INGBNL2A IBAN: NL83 INGB 0006 4028 54 Registered: Stichtingenregister: S 41158447 Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Den Haag Distribution The periodical can be downloaded from the following Internet-address: http://www.federatio.org/joes.html If you wish to subscribe to the email mailing list, you can do it by sending an email to the following address: [email protected] The publisher has no financial sources. It is supported by many in the form of voluntary work and gifts. We kindly appreciate your gifts. Address The Editors and the Publisher can be contacted at the following addresses: Email: [email protected] Postal address: P.O. Box 10249, 2501 HE, Den Haag, Holland Individual authors are responsible for facts included and views expressed in their articles. _____________________________________ ISSN 1877-4199 © Mikes International, 2001-2014, All Rights Reserved _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2014 2 July-September 2014 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume VI., Issue 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________ CALL FOR PAPERS We encourage everybody to submit to the Editorial Board ([email protected]) papers in the fields covered by the Journal. The papers will be assessed solely on their academic merits, and these are the prerequisites author(s) must adhere to: 1. An analytical article should have at least 5,000 words including notes, 2. The author(s) must elaborate the theme of the article logically, 3. References must be uniform and clear (the author(s) should follow consistently a particular pattern, like Chicago style, or Harvard style), 4. Author(s) must take all care to develop their ideas on their own; there should be no cases of plagiarism, 5. Wikipedia is not a scientifically authoritative source; referencing it must be avoided, unless Wikipedia or its usage/influence is the topic of the paper, 6. The article can be written in any language. In case it is written in a language other than English, an English summary of at least A4 length is required, 7. A brief (max. 10 sentences long) professional CV in English. _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2014 3 July-September 2014 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume VI., Issue 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________ EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief FARKAS, Flórián The Hague, Holland Deputy Editor-in-Chief OBRUSÁNSZKY, Borbála Budapest, Hungary Editors ALIMBAY, Nursan Almaty, Kazakhstan ARADI, Éva Budapest, Hungary BÉRCZI, Szaniszló Budapest, Hungary BÍRÓ, András Budapest, Hungary CSORNAI, Katalin Budapest, Hungary CZEGLÉDI, Katalin Pécs, Hungary ERDÉLYI, István Göd, Hungary HORVÁTH, Izabella Hangzhou, China KARATAY, Osman İzmir, Turkey MAHAPATRA, Debidatta Aurobinda Boston, MA, USA MARÁCZ, László Amsterdam, Holland MARCANTONIO, Angela Rome, Italy MURAKEÖZY, Éva Patrícia The Hague, Holland SARBASSOVA, Guldana Amsterdam, Holland SECHENBAATAR Hohhot, China UCHIRALTU Hohhot, China ZOMBORI, Andor Nagoya, Japan _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2014 4 July-September 2014 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume VI., Issue 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS Dear Reader, ............................................................................................................................................. 6 HISTORY ............................................................................................................ 7 BÉRCZI, Szaniszló Mesopotamian Arts ............................................................................................................................. 8 LINGUISTICS ................................................................................................. 16 KISAMOV, Norm Ethnic Affiliation of the Scytho-Sarmatians ................................................................................ 17 SARBASSOVA, Guldana Aktaevna Ethno-linguistic Description of Measuring Names in Kazakh and Turkish ......................... 57 PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................................. 68 MIRABILE, Paul F. Nietzsche and José Ortega y Gasset ........................................................................................... 69 POLITICS ......................................................................................................... 94 MAHAPATRA, Debidatta Aurobinda The Silk Route in Kashmir — Preliminary Research Findings — .......................................... 95 MARÁCZ, László Hongaarse parlementsverkiezingen 2014: Orbán mag door met zijn herstelbeleid ............... 100 MARÁCZ, László: Orbán Wins Landslide Victory in Hungarian Parliamentary Elections of April 2014 ......... 106 TRAVELOGUE .............................................................................................. 107 HORVÁTH, Izabella Lessons Learned by an American Wife in China ...................................................................... 108 Our Authors ......................................................................................................................................... 113 _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2014 5 July-September 2014 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume VI., Issue 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________ DEAR READER, THE 8TH VOLUME OF ZOHAR — THE PRITZKER EDITION Prior to 2003 a new project was started with the aim to provide a new scholarly English translation of the Kabbalistic masterpiece Zohar (The Book of Radiance). The whole project is founded by the Pritzker family under the auspices of an academic committee. The first tangible result was the publishing of the first volume in 2003 by the Stanford University Press. This is the first translation ever made from a critical Aramaic text of the Zohar, which has been established by Professor Daniel Matt based on a wide range of original manuscripts. From the start it was established that the work would eventually span twelve volumes (ten volumes covering the bulk of the Zohar, which consists of a running commentary on the Torah, from Genesis through Deuteronomy and two subsequent volumes covering other, shorter stories). The extensive commentary, appearing at the bottom of each page, clarifies the Kabbalistic symbolism and terminology, and cites sources and parallels from biblical, rabbinic, and Kabbalistic texts. It is a real treasure house, which greatly enhances the understanding of this great mystic book. During the years, with an average interval of two years consecutive volumes were released. In February 2014 the 8th volume was released, covering the commentary on the end of Leviticus and the beginning of Numbers. It is a renewed testimony to the scholarly dedication of Professor Matt. By this I wish all the best to Professor Matt for the coming years to be able to bring this great project to a successful conclusion for the benefit of all of us! Flórián Farkas Editor-in-Chief The Hague, September 30, 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2014 6 July-September 2014 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume VI., Issue 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________ HISTORY _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2014 7 July-September 2014 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume VI., Issue 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________ BÉRCZI, Szaniszló Mesopotamian Arts1 In ancient times, between the broad valleys of two rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, pioneering civilisations had been formed, several times. The historical assembly of the Sumerian City States had been gradually organized by the Sumerians in the 4th and 3rd millennium B.C. As we know from the history of the Assembly of the Greek City States, there was a second stage of development, that one city state collected enough power to control other states and finally to govern all of them. In Sumer, Ur, Uruk, Kis, and Lagash were such ruling city states. During the 2nd millennium Akkadians gradually conquested the Sumerian cities and later the Assyrians and Babylonians organized the rule in Mesopotamia. Although, the new states preserved the benefits of the earlier city organisations of Sumerians and even the language of Sumerians survived until the time of Jesus Christ.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Black Sea-Caspian Steppe: Natural Conditions 20 1.1 the Great Steppe
    The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 General Editors Florin Curta and Dušan Zupka volume 74 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ecee The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe By Aleksander Paroń Translated by Thomas Anessi LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Publication of the presented monograph has been subsidized by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the National Programme for the Development of Humanities, Modul Universalia 2.1. Research grant no. 0046/NPRH/H21/84/2017. National Programme for the Development of Humanities Cover illustration: Pechenegs slaughter prince Sviatoslav Igorevich and his “Scythians”. The Madrid manuscript of the Synopsis of Histories by John Skylitzes. Miniature 445, 175r, top. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Proofreading by Philip E. Steele The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://catalog.loc.gov/2021015848 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”.
    [Show full text]
  • IRK BİTİG Ve RUNİK HARFLİ METİNLERİN DİLİ
    TC YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI ANABİLİM DALI TÜRK DİLİ DOKTORA PROGRAMI DOKTORA TEZİ IRK BİTİG ve RUNİK HARFLİ METİNLERİN DİLİ FİKRET YILDIRIM 07725202 TEZ DANIŞMANI PROF. DR. MEHMET ÖLMEZ İSTANBUL 2013 Created by trial version, http://www.pdf-convert.com ÖZ IRK BİTİG ve RUNİK HARFLİ METİNLERİN DİLİ Hazırlayan Fikret Yıldırım Aralık, 2013 Kâğıda yazılı Eski Türkçe runik harfli metinleri ele aldığımız bu çalışmada öncelikle bu metinlerin bir envanteri hazırlanmıştır. Şu an Almanya, İngiltere, Japonya, Rusya ve Fransa’da bulunan toplam 46 adet katalog numaralı yazmanın transliterasyonu, transkripsiyonu ve Türkçe çevirileri verilmiştir. Bu yazmalar içinde en hacimlisi olan fal kitabı Irk Bitig üzerine açıklamalar da yapılmıştır. Bu açıklamalarda hem Irk Bitig’in hem de bununla bağlantılı olarak Eski Türkçenin kimi dil özellikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda mevcut bütün kâğıda yazılı Eski Türkçe runik metinlerin sözlüğü verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Irk Bitig, Eski Türkçe, Runik Metin, Envanter, Sözlük iii ABSTRACT IRK BİTİG and THE LANGUAGE of RUNIC MANUSCRIPTS Prepared by Fikret Yıldırım December, 2013 In this study, I dealt with Old Turkic runic manuscripts. Firstly, I prepared the inventory of Old Turkic runic manucripts. Now, there are 46 Old Turkic runic manuscripts with catalogue numbers which are preserved in Germany, England, Japan, Russia, and France. Also, I gave the transliteration, transcription and the Turkish translation of these manuscripts. Among these manuscripts, the voluminous one is the omen book, Irk Bitig. I also gave some remarks on this book. In these notes, I dealt with linguistic features of Irk Bitig parallel to Old Turkic. At the end of this study, I gave the vocabulary of Old Turkic runic manuscripts.
    [Show full text]
  • Romes Enemies: Germanics and Daciens No.1 Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    ROMES ENEMIES: GERMANICS AND DACIENS NO.1 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK P. Wilcox | 48 pages | 25 Nov 1982 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9780850454734 | English | New York, United Kingdom Romes Enemies: Germanics and Daciens No.1 PDF Book Aurelian established a new college of high priests, under the name Pontifices Dei Solis. We should believe it because later Hesychios wrote about tattooed men in those areas where among others lived also Dacians. Mommsen shows that Julius Caesar was prepared to attack the " Danubian wolves ", being obsessed by the idea of the destruction of the non-Roman religious centers, which represented major obstacles for the Roman colonization. More search options. They did not do only the usual colouring of the body because Plinios reported that those marks and scars can be inherited from father to son for few generations and still remain the same - the sign of Dacian origin. Military uniforms are shown in full colour artwork. Allers Illustrerede Konversations-Leksikon' Copenhagen says that the Morlaks are some of the best sailors in the Austrian navy. But Dichineus is Dicineus as referred by Iordanes, a great Dacian priest and king of the kings. Cesar Yudice rated it liked it Jan 25, This ritual was practiced in Thrace and, most probably, in Dacia. Crisp, tight pages. He lived there for about three or four years. IV of Th. A painted statue left representing a Dacian is found in Boboli. Herodot tells us about "Zalmoxis, who is called also Gebeleizis by some among them". Members Reviews Popularity Average rating Conversations 85 2 , 3. The commander of the Dacians was Diurpaneus , according to the Roman historian Tacitus, a "tarabostes" namely an aristocrat, according to local denomination and to whom the king Duras Durbaneus, would grant his throne soon after Tapae's victory.
    [Show full text]
  • The True Roots and Origin of the Scots
    THE TRUE ROOTS AND ORIGIN OF THE SCOTS A RESEARCH SUMMARY AND POINTERS TOWARD FURTHER RESEARCH “Wherever the pilgrim turns his feet, he finds Scotsmen in the forefront of civilization and letters. They are the premiers in every colony, professors in every university, teachers, editors, lawyers, engineers and merchants – everything, and always at the front.” – English writer Sir Walter Besant Copyright © C White 2003 Version 2.1 This is the first in a series of discussion papers and notes on the identity of each of the tribes of Israel today Some Notes on the True Roots and Origin of the Scots TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory Remarks 3 Ancient Judah 6 Migrations of Judah 17 British Royal Throne 25 National and Tribal Emblems 39 Scottish Character and Attributes 44 Future of the Scots – Judah’s Union with the rest of Israel 55 Concluding Remarks 62 Bibliography 65 “The mystery of Keltic thought has been the despair of generations of philosophers and aesthetes … He who approaches it must, I feel, not alone be of the ancient stock … but he must also have heard since childhood the deep and repeated call of ancestral voices urging him to the task of the exploration of the mysteries of his people … He is like a man with a chest of treasure who has lost the key” (The Mysteries of Britain by L Spence) 2 Some Notes on the True Roots and Origin of the Scots INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Who really are the Scottish peoples? What is their origin? Do tradition, national characteristics and emblems assist? Why are they such great leaders, administrators and inventors? Is there a connection between them and the ancient Biblical tribe of Judah? Why did the British Empire succeed when other Empires did not? Was it a blessing in fulfillment of prophecies such as that in Gen 12:3? Why were the Scots so influential in the Empire, way beyond their population numbers? Today book after book; article after article; universities, politicians, social workers spread lies about the British Empire, denigrating it.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Turkic Script
    Old Turkic script The Old Turkic script (also known as variously Göktürk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script, Turkic runes) is the Old Turkic script alphabet used by the Göktürks and other early Turkic khanates Type Alphabet during the 8th to 10th centuries to record the Old Turkic language.[1] Languages Old Turkic The script is named after the Orkhon Valley in Mongolia where early Time 6th to 10th centuries 8th-century inscriptions were discovered in an 1889 expedition by period [2] Nikolai Yadrintsev. These Orkhon inscriptions were published by Parent Proto-Sinaitic(?) Vasily Radlov and deciphered by the Danish philologist Vilhelm systems Thomsen in 1893.[3] Phoenician This writing system was later used within the Uyghur Khaganate. Aramaic Additionally, a Yenisei variant is known from 9th-century Yenisei Syriac Kirghiz inscriptions, and it has likely cousins in the Talas Valley of Turkestan and the Old Hungarian alphabet of the 10th century. Sogdian or Words were usually written from right to left. Kharosthi (disputed) Contents Old Turkic script Origins Child Old Hungarian Corpus systems Table of characters Direction Right-to-left Vowels ISO 15924 Orkh, 175 Consonants Unicode Old Turkic Variants alias Unicode Unicode U+10C00–U+10C4F range See also (https://www.unicode. org/charts/PDF/U10C Notes 00.pdf) References External links Origins According to some sources, Orkhon script is derived from variants of the Aramaic alphabet,[4][5][6] in particular via the Pahlavi and Sogdian alphabets of Persia,[7][8] or possibly via Kharosthi used to write Sanskrit (cf. the inscription at Issyk kurgan). Vilhelm Thomsen (1893) connected the script to the reports of Chinese account (Records of the Grand Historian, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Decipherment of the Turkish Runic Inscriptions and Its Effects on Turkology in East and West
    THE DECIPHERMENT OF THE TURKISH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS AND ITS EFFECTS ON TURKOLOGY IN EAST AND WEST Wolfgang-E. SCHARLIPP Introduction The term “Runes” for the letters of the Old Turkish alphabet, used mainly for inscriptions but also a few manuscripts, has lately been criticized by some Turkish scientists for its misleading meaning. As “Runes” is originally the term of the old Germanic alphabet, this term could suggest a Germanic origin of the Turkish alphabet. Indeed the term indicates nothing more than a similarity of shape that these alphabets have in common, which has also created the term “runiform” letters. As such nationalist hair-splitting does not contribute to scientific discussion, we will in the following use the term “Turkish runes” with a good conscience. This contribution aims at showing similarities and differences between the ways that research into this alphabet and the texts written in it, went among Turkish scientists on the one side and Non-Turkish scientists on the other side. We will also see how these differences came into existence. In order to have a sound basis for our investigation we will first deal with the question how the Turkish runes were deciphered. We will then see how the research into the inscriptions continued among Western scholars, before we finally come to the effects that this research had on scientists in Turkey, or to be more precise, in the Ottoman Empire and then in the Republic of Turkey. In the 19th century Several expeditions were sent out in order to collect material concerning the stone inscriptions in Central Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Gokturk Cultural History
    HUMANITIES INSTITUTE Richard Dietrich, Ph.D. GOKTURK CULTURAL HISTORY Contents Religion Art Literature RELIGION Overview The GökTürk and Uighur states were characterized by religious diversity and played an important role in the history and development of religions in central Eurasia. In addition, the discovery of numerous religious texts in Old Turkic and artwork with religious subject matter has contributed greatly to modern scholars’ understanding of the history, development, beliefs and practices of Central Asian religions in general and Buddhism and Manichaeism in particular. Religion among the Gök Türk In general, the Gök Türk seem to have followed their ancestral spiritual beliefs. These included the worship of several deities, among them the sky god Tengri, to whom sacrifices of horses and sheep were offered during the fifth month of the year; a goddess associated with the household and fert ility, Umay; and a god of the road, or possibly fate, Yol Tengri. In addition to these major divinities, there were rituals related to cults of fire, earth and water, sacred forests and sacred mountains, as well as elements of ancestor worship and indications of belief in totemic animals, particularly the wolf. Another link between this world and the spirit world was the shaman, who journeyed to the spirit world in a trance in order to cure illness or foretell the future. However, it is clear that as the Gök Türk state grew and came into greater contact with other peoples they were influenced by other religious systems. One clear example of this is the Gök Türk kaghan Taghpar (or Taspar, r.
    [Show full text]
  • Historiographie Und Hagiographie in Der Asiatischen Religionsgeschichte
    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Historia Religionum 30 Geschichten und Geschichte Historiographie und Hagiographie in der asiatischen Religionsgeschichte Editor-in-Chief: Peter Schalk Co-Editors: Max Deeg, Oliver Freiberger, Christoph Kleine, Astrid van Nahl © The authors ISSN 0439-2132 ISBN 978-91-554-7745-5 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121402 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121402) Printed in Sweden by Edita Västra Aros, a climate neutral company, Västerås 2010. Distributor: Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala www.uu.se,[email protected] Zum Zeichen auf der Vorderseite des Umschlags: Das chinesische Zeichen bedeutet eigentlich ‘übertragen, weitergeben’ (chin. chuan). Als Substantiv (chin. zhuan, jap. den) wird es in der Bedeutung ‘Übertragung, Bericht, Bio- graphie’ benutzt und repräsentiert so das thematische Spektrum des vorliegenden Bandes. Vorwort Der seit über zehn Jahren bestehende Arbeitskreis Asiatische Reli- gionsgeschichte (AKAR) der Deutschen Vereinigung für Religions- wissenschaft greift mit seinen Tagungen Themen auf, die für das Studium asiatischer Religionen ebenso relevant sind wie für die Theoriedebatte in der Religionswissenschaft. Die auf den Tagungen vorgestellten spezifischen Fallstudien aus Südasien, Südostasien, Zentralasien und Ostasien bilden die Grundlage für die Diskussion weitergehender Fragen: Wie lassen sich diese räumlich und zeitlich weit auseinanderliegenden religiösen Mikrokontexte sinnvoll mit- einander vergleichen? Wo genau liegen die Ähnlichkeiten und Un- terschiede? Sind vorhandene
    [Show full text]
  • Gokturk Literature
    HUMANITIES INSTITUTE Richard Dietrich, Ph.D. GOKTURK LITERATURE Overview The period of the Gök Türk empires and the Uighur states witnessed the birth of Turkic literature, although much the earliest stages of Turkic literature remains a mystery. Nonetheless, from the earliest examples dating from the Second Gök Türk Empire through the Uighur Kingdom of Qocho, a wide variety of works were written using several scripts in the Old Turkic and closely related Old Uighur languages. Gök Türk Literature The vast majority of writings that have survived from the period of the Second Gök Türk Empire are inscriptions, the most famous of which are the Orkhon inscriptions, discovered in the Orkhon Valley in the late 19th century. These inscriptions were carved on two large stone monuments in the 8th century in honor of two rulers, Kul Tigin and Bilge Kaghan. Other long, important inscriptions were found further east, the Tonyukuk (or Bain Tsokto) inscriptions on two stelae. These monuments were erected by Tonyukuk, advisor to four different kaghans, himself in the early 8th century and pre-date the Orkhon inscriptions. A number of other shorter, less complete inscriptions, as well as graffiti and some short inscriptions on pottery have also been found not only in the Orkhon region, but also in the Yenisei region, the Altai Mountains, and in the vicinity of Talas. These monuments contain a variety of information - the early history of the Gök Türks, the deeds of those who had the monuments made, information on relations with other states, and advice to future rulers. The phrasing of the inscriptions has led some scholars to believe that they are a reflection of a long tradition of oral epics, and one renowned scholar of Central Asia, Christopher I.
    [Show full text]
  • Istoria Ne Spune Că Pe La Mijlocul Mileniului
    The Getae - Sons of the Earth Let us try to search the tracks, forgotten by time, of the words Getia and Getae, as others wrote them for the first time more than 5.200 years ago, as here, in the ancestral land, hate and ass kissing serve as all proof or logic of common sense in our history that's been falsified and disparaged by all sorts of deadbeats and traitors of Kin and Country. But, for starters, let us clarify whence stems the word get, with its variants getu, gets, Geta and Getia. There is in Eme.gi known as Sumerian: ge: to tie the hair in a topknot, noble, land, wise, to make justice, faithful + ti: kinship, pride, wife, to endure, to be numerous and for the tu variant: radiance, to lead, to support, to delight, true, to marry, the four cardinal points. And for the word ta: father, person, to shine, character, to advise, integrity. From this sequence of meanings we can detach by ourselves some that will be of great import in our work of rummaging through the memory of time, little as the malicious and falsifiers have left for us, traces and shadows of the fabulous history and mythology of our Carpathian ancestors. In ancient times, this word did not define the national identity of the Carpathian people, it becoming an ethnonym perhaps at the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C., as the meanings I will ascribe henceforth will show more a defining trait of Folk Descended from Gods, rather than simply the people’s name.
    [Show full text]
  • Tengri - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    טנג`רי تنغري تنگری تنگری Tengri - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengri Tengri From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Tengri (Old Turkic: ; Modern Turkish: Tanrı; Proto-Turkic * te ŋri / *ta ŋrɨ; Mongolian script: I!KX , Tngri ; Modern Mongolian: Тэнгэр , Tenger ), is one of the names for the primary chief deity since the early Turkic (Xiongnu, Hunnic, Bulgar) and Mongolic (Xianbei) peoples. Worship of Tengri is Tengrism. The core beings in Tengrism are Sky-Father (Tengri/Tenger Etseg) and Earth Mother (Eje/Gazar Eej). It involves shamanism, animism, totemism and ancestor worship. Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Mythology 4 Placenames 5 Modern revival 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links Name The oldest form of the name is recorded in Chinese annals from the 4th century BC, describing the beliefs of the Xiongnu. It takes the form 撑犁 /Cheng-li , which is hypothesized to be a Chinese transcription of Tängri . (The Proto-Turkic form of the word has been reconstructed as *Te ŋri or [1] *Ta ŋrɨ.) Alternatively, a reconstructed Altaic etymology from *T`a ŋgiri Spelling of tengri in the Old ("oath" or "god") would emphasize the god's divinity rather than his domain Turkic script (written from right over the sky. [2] to left, as t² ṅr²i ) The Turkic form, Tengri , is attested in the 11th century by Mahmud al-Kashgari. In modern Turkish, the derived word " Tanrı " is used as the generic word for "god", or for the Abrahamic God, and is used today by Turkish people to refer to God.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Titles Ten-Si and Kan in the Irk Bitig*1 Irk Bitig'de Ten-Si Ve Kan
    Dil Araştırmaları .......... Sayı: 13 Güz 2013, 141-150 ss. On the Titles Ten-si and Kan in the Irk Bitig*1 Fikret Yıldırım**2 Abstract: Irk Bitig is an Old Turkic omen book which was written with Old Turkic Runic script at the beginning of the Xth century. Although this book mainly reflects the nomadic- steppe Turkic culture, it contains some Manichaean elements, like the words dintar, manistan. Irk Bitig also has a few Chinese origin words. One of them is the title ten-si. Along with this Chinese ruler title there is a title, kan which is much more widespread in Turkic government tradition. Up to now, researchers have not sufficiently laid stress on the place of the title ten-si in the Irk Bitig. In this article, we will focus on the place of the title ten-si in Turkic culture and compare this title with the title kan in terms of their functions in the Irk Bitig. Keywords: Irk Bitig, Ten-si, Kan, Teŋri, son of heaven, Ongi inscription, Taryat (Terhin) inscription. Irk Bitig’de Ten-si ve Kan Unvanları Üzerine Özet: Irk Bitig, X. yüzyılın başlarında Eski Türk Runik yazı ile yazılmış Eski Türkçe fal kitabıdır. Bu kitap temelde Türk göçebe-bozkır kültürünü yansıtmasına rağmen dintar, manistan sözcüklerinde görüldüğü gibi Maniheist öğeler de barındırmaktadır. Irk Bitig’de aynı zamanda birkaç Çince kökenli sözcük de bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan birisi ten- si unvanıdır. Bu Çince hükümdar unvanı ile birlikte Türk yönetim geleneğinde çok daha yaygın olan kan unvanını da Irk Bitig’de görmekteyiz. Araştırmacılar ten-si unvanının Irk Bitig’deki yeri üzerinde bugüne kadar yeterince durmamışlardır.
    [Show full text]