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Historiographie Und Hagiographie in Der Asiatischen Religionsgeschichte

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Historiographie Und Hagiographie in Der Asiatischen Religionsgeschichte ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Historia Religionum 30 Geschichten und Geschichte Historiographie und Hagiographie in der asiatischen Religionsgeschichte Editor-in-Chief: Peter Schalk Co-Editors: Max Deeg, Oliver Freiberger, Christoph Kleine, Astrid van Nahl © The authors ISSN 0439-2132 ISBN 978-91-554-7745-5 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121402 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121402) Printed in Sweden by Edita Västra Aros, a climate neutral company, Västerås 2010. Distributor: Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala www.uu.se,[email protected] Zum Zeichen auf der Vorderseite des Umschlags: Das chinesische Zeichen bedeutet eigentlich ‘übertragen, weitergeben’ (chin. chuan). Als Substantiv (chin. zhuan, jap. den) wird es in der Bedeutung ‘Übertragung, Bericht, Bio- graphie’ benutzt und repräsentiert so das thematische Spektrum des vorliegenden Bandes. Vorwort Der seit über zehn Jahren bestehende Arbeitskreis Asiatische Reli- gionsgeschichte (AKAR) der Deutschen Vereinigung für Religions- wissenschaft greift mit seinen Tagungen Themen auf, die für das Studium asiatischer Religionen ebenso relevant sind wie für die Theoriedebatte in der Religionswissenschaft. Die auf den Tagungen vorgestellten spezifischen Fallstudien aus Südasien, Südostasien, Zentralasien und Ostasien bilden die Grundlage für die Diskussion weitergehender Fragen: Wie lassen sich diese räumlich und zeitlich weit auseinanderliegenden religiösen Mikrokontexte sinnvoll mit- einander vergleichen? Wo genau liegen die Ähnlichkeiten und Un- terschiede? Sind vorhandene religionswissenschaftliche Theorien auf diese Fälle anwendbar? Wie müssen solche Theorien vielleicht modifiziert werden? Ergibt sich aus der Betrachtung und dem Ver- gleich dieser Fallstudien die Notwendigkeit, eine neue, verfeinerte Terminologie zu entwickeln, sowie neue Modelle und Theorien? Die vergleichende Untersuchung historischer Spezialstudien vor dem Hintergrund religionswissenschaftlicher Theoriedebatten, die das Konzept der AKAR-Tagungen ausmacht, führt zur Schärfung des analytischen Blicks und zur Weiterentwicklung von religionswissen- schaftlicher Methodologie und Theorie. Die Themen der ersten vier AKAR-Tagungen waren Religion und Staat, Orientalismus und Okzi- dentalismus, Dialektiken von Norm und Praxis, sowie Kanonisie- rung und Kanonbildung. Die Beiträge zu diesen Tagungen wurden in vier Sammelbänden veröffentlicht.1 Der vorliegende Band enthält die Ergebnisse der 5. AKAR- Tagung, die unter dem Titel „Geschichten und Geschichte: Religiöse Geschichtsschreibung in Asien und ihre Verwertung in der religi- onshistorischen Forschung“ vom 6.–10. August 2007 im Internatio- 1 AKAR 1: Zwischen Säkularismus und Hierokratie: Studien zum Verhältnis von Religion und Staat in Süd- und Ostasien (2001). AKAR 2: Religion im Spiegelkabi- nett: Asiatische Religionsgeschichte im Spannungsfeld zwischen Orientalismus und Okzidentalismus (2003). AKAR 3: Im Dickicht der Gebote: Studien zur Dialektik von Norm und Praxis in der Buddhismusgeschichte Asiens (2005). Diese drei Bän- de sind in derselben Reihe wie der vorliegende Band erschienen und haben diesel- ben Herausgeber (die ersten beiden ohne Astrid van Nahl). AKAR 4: Kanonisierung und Kanonbildung in der asiatischen Religionsgeschichte, hg. von Max Deeg, Oliver Freiberger und Christoph Kleine (Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissen- schaften), im Druck. VI Vorwort nalen Begegnungszentrum der Wissenschaft in München stattfand. Die Referenten der Tagung sind auch die Autoren der vorliegenden Beiträge, mit zwei Ausnahmen: Franz-Karl Erhard war während der Tagung verhindert, hat aber seinen Beitrag zur Publikation zur Ver- fügung gestellt; der Vortrag von Klaus Vollmer (München) konnte hier leider nicht erscheinen. Adelheid Mette und Jens-Uwe Hart- mann (beide München) waren ebenfalls bei der Tagung anwesend und haben mit ihren Diskussionsbeiträgen die Debatte erheblich bereichert. Wir danken ihnen sowie den anderen anwesenden Münchner Kolleg(inn)en und Studierenden für ihr Interesse und ihre Beteili- gung, sowie Katja Ferstl für die logistische Hilfe. Für die Förderung der Tagung danken wir der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, der Deutschen Vereinigung für Religionswissenschaft und dem Schwe- dischen Wissenschaftsrat. Letzterem sind wir außerdem für die fi- nanzielle Förderung der vorliegenden Publikation zu Dank ver- pflichtet. Schließlich ist es uns wie immer eine besondere Freude, Peter Schalk für seine engagierte Mitwirkung und seine konstante Unterstützung von AKAR und Astrid van Nahl für ihre Effizienz und ihre (diesmal besonders nötige) Geduld bei der Erstellung des Ma- nuskripts herzlich zu danken. Cardiff/Austin/Leipzig, im Oktober 2009 Max Deeg Oliver Freiberger Christoph Kleine © Editor-in-Chief: Peter Schalk Co-Editors: Max Deeg, Oliver Freiberger, Christoph Kleine, Astrid van Nahl Typesetting: Astrid van Nahl Distributed by Uppsala University Library Uppsala, Sweden Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden www.uu.se; e-mail: [email protected] Inhalt Einleitung ......................................................................... IX Ostasien ........................................................................... 1 CHRISTOPH KLEINE Geschichte und Geschichten im ostasiatischen Buddhismus: Hagiographie zwischen Historiographie und Erbauung ......... 3 STEPHAN PETER BUMBACHER Zum religionsgeschichtlichen Quellenwert des literarischen Genres zhuan („Lebensbeschreibung“) in Daoismus und chinesischem Buddhismus .................................................... 57 MAX DEEG Zwischen Spannung und Harmonie: Das Problem von Chronologie und Synchronologie in der frühen chinesischen buddhistischen Historiographie ............................................ 96 KATJA TRIPLETT Gründungslegenden in der Erinnerungspflege japanisch- buddhistischer Tempel – am Beispiel des Tsubosakasan Minami Hokkeji ................................................................... 140 Zentralasien ..................................................................... 181 SVEN BRETFELD Die Zähmung des Schneelandes: Die Verbreitungen des Buddhismus in Tibet als kulturelle Meistererzählung ............. 183 FRANZ-KARL EHRHARD The Holy Madman of dBus and His Relationships with Tibetan Rulers of the 15th and 16th Centuries ………………..…. 219 VIII Inhalt KARÉNINA KOLLMAR-PAULENZ Mongolische Geschichtsschreibung im Kontext der Global- geschichte ............................................................................ 247 JENS WILKENS Zwischen Historiografie und Ideologie. Der literarische Charakter der alttürkischen Runeninschriften ....................... 280 Südasien ........................................................................... 327 OLIVER FREIBERGER Die Gründung des Sagha in buddhistischer Historiographie und Hagiographie ................................................................ 329 PETER FLÜGEL Worshipping the Ideal King. On the Social Implications of Jaina Conversion Stories …………………………………………..…. 357 SASCHA EBELING Another Tomorrow for Nantar: The Continuation and Re-Invention of a Medieval South-Indian Untouchable Saint . 433 JAMES M. HEGARTY The Pedagogic Past: Historical and Geographical Imagination in Eighteenth Century Pañjb ............................................... 517 PETER SCHALK Vom Krieg geprägte Vergangenheitsaufarbeitungen in lam/Lak ......................................................................... 548 English Summaries ........................................................... 585 Die Autoren ....................................................................... 595 Einleitung Die fünfte Tagung des Arbeitskreises Asiatische Religionsgeschichte (AKAR) der Deutschen Vereinigung für Religionswissenschaft (DVRW) widmete sich dem Thema „Geschichten und Geschichte“ und setzte sich zum Ziel, die religiöse Geschichtsschreibung und Biographik in Asien nebst ihrer Stellung in der und ihres Wertes für die religionshistorische Forschung zu untersuchen und zu diskutie- ren. Mit der Wahl dieses Themenfeldes reflektiert AKAR einen wich- tigen und grundlegenden Aspekt der Erforschung von Religionsge- schichte, den der zugrundegelegten Quellen und ihrer kritischen Einordnung für die religionshistorische Forschung. Sieht man in Historiographie und Biographie / Hagiographie neben den „kanoni- schen“ Texten eine der beiden Hauptquellenbereiche zur Erfor- schung asiatischer Religionsgeschichte, so wird hier mit einer gewis- sen Konsequenz auch das Thema der vierten Arbeitstagung, „Kanon und Kanonisierung“, fortgesetzt und erweitert. Der Ausgangspunkt für die Thematik war, daß die Erforschung von Religionsgeschichte als Quellen zum großen Teil religiöse Ge- schichtsschreibung, Biographien / Hagiographien und Erzähllitera- tur (inklusive narrativer Abschnitte innerhalb dogmatisch-kanoni- scher Texts) benutzt, diese Quellen jedoch häufig im historisch- positivistischen Sinne der Geschichtsforschung des 19. Jahrhunderts auswertet und interpretiert, wobei in den Quellen Fakten von Fikti- on, Biographisches von „hagiographischem Beiwerk“ geschieden wird, um so an den „historischen Kern“, die „bare bones of history“ zu gelangen. Dies geschieht oft unter Vernachlässigung einer kriti- schen Hinterfragung der involvierten Methoden und Prozesse einer solchen Differenzierung, die eine theoretische Reflexion historischer Hermeneutik zu „historischer Faktizität“ und einer zwischen Quelle und Forscher zu erwartenden „Kommunikationsverzerrung“ bein- halten würde. Über eine historische Rekonstruktion von „harten“ Daten und Fakten hinaus kann die
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