sign in sign up
<<
Home , Dwarkanath Kotnis, Han Jian (badminton), Indian Aces, Liu Yuhuang, Prakash Padukone, Tan Kah Kee

VOL XXXE 1 1 : $$0" B? I S{OVEffiBER : ?*82

1 i=. Australia: A $ 0j2

New Zealand: NZ $ 0 84 LlK,: 39 p t, I{A:${,} 78

':::i.',:

@ pE€effi ffi ffi .sh Towrs Hffi

o drusm*Bs m$ eEEm ryemff erytr The Panchen Lama speaks to monks and other believers in .s Xigaze. Xit.lutt FOU,NDER: SOONG CHING LING (MME. SUN YAT-SEN) (18e3-tesl). PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE WELFARE INSTITUTE lN ENGLISH, SPANISH, FRENCH, ARABIC, GERMAN, PORTUGUESE AND CHTNESE vot. xxx! No. 11 NOVEMBER 1982 Articles of the /Vlonth CONTENTS Fundomentol Chonges in Tibet p. 20 The Ponchen Lomo, in- terviewed in Xigoze, Notionol Autonomous Areos economic ond ,Tibet tells of Panchen Lama Sees Progress in 20- other improvements he found Tibet. Sports in China's Chances at the 9th 8 Quick, Firm, Flowing, Leaping: China's Martial Arts 11 Sporting Goods for Athletes at Home and Abroad 31 Chino's Chqnces ot the 9th Asion Gomes Fighting Bulls of the Miao and Dong 6 p.8 Friendship in Asio Assessing weoknesses Yorious ln Loving Memory of lndla's Heroic Dr. Kotnis 27 strengths ond in sports, progress since 1978 8th Asion Gomes, Menhanlal Atal lnternationalist Friend the Dr. and of ond the competition from other ports of Asio. China - 29 Chinese Dance and Music at Asian Arts Festival OJ .!uvenile Delinquency Economy p. 40 Builders of Gezhouba, China's Biggest Power Site. 49 o 's Mills Mastering Advanced A ipeciol report on Steel Rolling problem, Foreign Technology - serious sociol 33 its couses, ond com- Finding the Way to Use Southern Grasslands 17 prehensive ottemPts to Fishermen Net the Good Life 52 deoi with it. Also "Re' A Suburban Commune bb form School: No Locks, Society Just Love," p, 43' Juvenile Delinquency: Salvaging Young Lives 40 Reform School: No Locks, Just Love 43 Remembering lndion Friends, Drs. Atol ond Kotnii P. 27 Across the Lond Harbin: Winter in 'lce City' ln the lote 30s, to ossist the struggle ogoinst /Medicine Jopones these men come to Chino os port of edicol teom, ond lelt behind China's Space Science and Technology 4 ihem i memories of heroism qnd Fighting Liver Cancer in Qidong County 54 lriendship. From the Post 4,000 Years of Chinese Money 56 New Finds of Striking Beauty on Show in Xi'an 65 Wuhon's Steel Rolling Mills p.33 Arts One of the engineers s" He Paints Overseas Chlnese Homeland Scenes 46 in chorge of construc- ihis Columns ond Speciols tion tolks obout lorgest ond most od- To Our Readers: Our Neighbors and Us 2 'ovonced project using Postbag mojority of imported Recent Publications 19 equipment, ' .i * Children: The Red Scarf Pholographer 70 otb r Legends and Tales from History: Two Traveling Diplomats 68 Old Chino's Money p. 56 Language Corner: Lesson 23 Ximen Bao and the Hiver God's Brides 71 The foscinoting story of the Front development of coins ond bills Cover lrom the eorliest times in Chino, Olf the Markl Zhou Tiexia with 4 poges ol color photos.

Editoriol Office: Woi Wen Building. (5/); Chino Chino Reconstructs (USPS No. 659-850) is published monthly for US38.00 per yeor Coble: "CHIRECON" Beijins. by Chino Reconstructs, Woi Wen Building, Beijing (37), Chino. Second closs postoge Generol Distributor: Chino Publicqtions Center poid ot Son Froncisco, CA. (Guoji Shudion) Postmoster: send oddress chonges to Chino Books ond Periodicols, lnc., ?929 24lh P.O. Box 399, Beiling, Chino. Street, Son Froncisco, CA 9/1110. 'TO OUR READERS . Our Neighbors ond Us

IY/HILE we were planning this issue, Chinese (Our friendship) is a steel link in the great association YV athletes were making their own final prepara- of all peoples who want peace and peaceful construc- tions for partidipating in this month's gth Asian tion in Asia and the whole world." Games to be held in New , . Dancers ot In the 1950s the iate premiers of our two countries the Central Song and Dance Ensemble were learning and together developed the Indian classical dance Alarrip which they are to and promoted the famous Five Principles of Peaceful perfolm' at the ASian Festival of Per:forming Arts Coexistence, which have since been acknowledged as held in conjunction with the Games. a basic criterion of international relations by many In December, delegates from India, will partici- of the world's nations. Those principles are: mutual pate in memori.al activities in Bei3ing for Dr. Men- respect for sovereignty and territorial integriiy; non- hanlal Atal and Dr. Dwarkanath S. Kotnis, two In- aggression; non-interference in each other's internal dian doctors, members of a medical mission to China affairs; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful sent by the during the co-existence. In the following years, important visits Anti-Japanese War to the Chinese people in of state were exchanged and contacts flourished in their fight against the, lnvaders. Both of them died the fields of education, science, culture and sports. in China, Dr. Kotnis during that struggle and Dr. At the outset of the 1960s a border issue rooted AtaI on a visit to our People's Republic much later. in past history, when neither of our countries was Articles on ali of these topics are featured in this master of its own fate, unfortunately damaged the issue, and work on them recalled fond memories of relationship between them, and the effects lasted the close ties between our magazine and the people many years. period happily of 'India. Upon our founding in 1952, many Indian But in the recent our links have improved, which good good friends gave us warm support. Some of them con- is for boih sides and for peace in our part of the world. Of particular im- tributed articles about the historic friendly contacts portance was the June 1981 visit to India by Chinese between our two countries. In the 1950s, Indian Minister of Foreign Affairs Huang I{ua. In readers held first place in China Reconstructs' ctr- he expressed the desire for cooperation be- culation figures. Hundreds earnest wrote to encourage us tween the Chinese government and the Indian govern- and to express thEir interest development r:{ in the ment. He stressed that if both sides make sincere ne'ul' the China and the life of the Chinese people. efforts, based on mutual understanding and accorn- On our fifth anniversary in 1957, the iate Indian Pre- modation and the spirit of seeking common ground mier Jawaharlal Nehru wrote us a personal message while reserving differences, vrhatever problems re- of congratulation, in which he said in part: ma,in between our two countries can certainly be "I am happy that cultural exchanges between our solved. two countries have grown and we are seeking to understand and learn from one another. This is not q INCE its founding, the aim of our magazine has only for our mutual good but wili aiso be good for xJ been to express the good will of the Chinese the larger causes of peace and freedom in Asia and people toward the peoples of the wor1d, and particu- the world." Iarly our Asian neighbors and to report on friendly exchanges between them. Obstacles'inherited from the past sometimes crop up, as they did recently with our neighbor on Chinese should be equally interested in India. Both an issue of history textbook. But, we hope, these are great countri.es have ancient cultures; both suffered temporary. Mutual respect for one another and for severely from imperialist oppression" We are neighbor the facts of history, and for the Flve Principles, can nations on the Asian continent with large populations, surely overcome our differences wherever they and with many problems and goals in common. As exist. We stand for normal state -relations with al] Soong Ching Ling, who established and led our our neighbors, and for warmer links with all peoples. magazine, wrote on the founding of a branch of the When this issue reaches you, the Asian Games India-China Friendiihip Association in 1951: will be going on in New Delhi along with the varied "Both of our peoples love the land, Iove to labor and colorfui Asian Festival of Performing Arts. These on it, to nurture the good earth so that it may return are magnificent gatherings of the Asian people and, a bountiful life to the masses. Both . love knowl- we hope, the beginnings of ever more rapid expan- edge, love to apply science to factory and field, to sion of friendly contacts among Asian peoples. The wrest the utmost from nature's products for the mas- Chinese people very much wish to live in peace and ses. Both have a spirit of militancy, a determina- harmony with neighboring countrles. China Recon- justice tion to see done for and by the masses " . . structs hopes to contribute to this great goal. tr

CIIINA RECONSTRUCTS I had no idea that this was China. tive approach that highlights all that Your articles makes reading easy, is good. because you don't use unreal propa- If this is represen{ative of all Chinese ganda slogans which we are not fami- children they indeed have a happy liar with and make it hard for us to childhood and optimistic view of the believe what 1,hey say. future. You, on the other hand, show us that Your eultule I find fascinating. Could also China is not a paradise and that you tell me scmething of your schooling people your just Civic Pride and Courtesy the of country, like system? In this I am partic'ularly in- we do, make mistakes and not always terested as I am a teacher. Also I am The article for "To Our Readers" walk the right way. interested in how the old are looked column entitled "Socialist Clean-up" in D. KOOIJMAN after. Do they become dependent on the June 1982 issue ot China Recon- Rotterdam, Holland their families? Do the families look strucrs impressed me very much, I hope after them or are they looked after on the entire world wiII follow your road. a province level? Your country will become the best in Children Are Everyone's Concern S. C. SOLOMON economic development, sanitation and Sgdney, Austrclia Most of your articles and features are hygiene, and honesty. But, I am just We are notD prepo.ring articles on illustrations and documentation. wondering when the "Civio Pride and fuII of these matters. Courtesy Month" cornes to an end. Will I find it rather happy to read the artic'le _ Ed. this campaign last from month to about the children entitled "ChiIdren month? I suggest a "Socialist Civil Are Everyone's Concern" (June 1982). today's child- is tomor- Pride and Courtesy Canrpaign of Long It's true that Success and Failure Duration." row's father. We can find our future ADEL MUESI ALI AHMED through the thoughts of our children. Many thanks yet more interesting Alexandria, Egvpt So the ehildren are the backbone of our for yo'.lr edition you did and national development and issues. In July nation not mention ,any problems arising from they should be cared for properly in the film the Western Enlightening about Modern China every corner of the world, Shaolin Temple press has suggested youths- were going The article regarding Mt. Lushan is old temple to Wushu there! I am reading with great interest also interesting. China, a land of na- to the learn The difficulties and probiems China Chi.na Reconstructs tor the last three and heritage, is again tural beauty faces are immense, and always there is years. I am deeply interested to know people of Bangladesh shown to us. We risk of losing ideological direction! more about China Nepal's great north- and our the - are also the lovers of beauty Your reportage of the ways the prob- ern neighbor more than everyday also covered with green carpets. - land is lems are tackled, the success and failure news coverage can provide. I find CR praise your green and your people. We schemes, are of great in- enJighiening as it is not laden with AZA]JAR ALI ol various l,trD. terest. erudite and technical details Dacca, Bangladesh Your moving commemoration notes The West has its own economic and on Edgar Snou. and how the earlier ideological struggles, and even though still edition of Red Star Ouer China lared More on City Construction our situation is diflerent, we can impelled me to express my opinions. I learn from the manner in which China (ights for progress. read Snow's classic work during my have The August 1982 issue, which I STEPHEN SHAW student days and it lef t a deep im- just in verY received, surprised me Stctckport, England pression on my mind, Thereafter I read positive way. I mean the look of the difterent works on China, and your front cover. trt's excellent. Please try magazine with color plates on art, to keep up that same image in future. About Parapsychology architecture, excavation, Iandscape and Don't put too many colors on the text scenes from development activities has of the cover and try to keeP the text Your science articles are always truly enlightened me about the emerg- off the cover picture and it'Il be much ing trends in modern China. fascinating, In the June issue, for more pleasant-looking. example, I was particularly interested I also liked articles and features on I have another suggestion. Please do the bordering in "China's Neolithic Period" and "The some articles about towns of China. I'm Parapsychology Controversy." A per- Nepal. really anxious to know whether the HRISEEKESH sonal comment on the latter: I do not UPADHYAY towns of China are more widely spread Kathritandu, Nepal think that parapsychology is really out than ours here in the Western world much more than pseudo-science. As or whether they are as compact as ours. your article points out. many cases in Wrong Ideels Corected Please write about city planning too. China were, after serious investigation, ESA TARVAINEN proven to be based on deception. The After reading China Reconstructs for Helsinki, Finland same holds true for research in the the first time, I was in many ways Of preoious CR articles on cities, West, so the answer is quite obvious. surprised by your interesting articles. rnanA haue been collected in our Of course, I do not exclude that here It is my personal opinion that we have that booklet " Fifteen Citi,es ol China." and there things may be found the wrong idea about China, in the More appear time to time, and a are, at present, difficult to'account for. people lram same way a lot of in other coun- seconil collection is on the ud,A. But up to now there is no solid evid- tries think about us: they expect Ed. ence whatsoever for supernatural Holland to be a eountry of wooden - powers and if there are things that shoes, tulips, windmills and cheese. cannot be explained yet, people will no So we think about China as a back- Positive Approach doubt find more "natural" explanations ward country. in the future. I was really amazed- and read your I have read your magazine (June 1982) HERMAN CALLENS magazine nonstop until the end. for the first time and find in it a posi- Kessel, Bel,gium

NOVEMBER 1982 f.t HINA has been working on thu hfima's $paee $ciemce \l exploration and peaceful use of outer space for over twenty years, relying mainly on her own efforts. and &c mm[mgy Space activities began in 1958 with the research, manufacture and testing of space rockets. The on september 9, 1982. china successfully launched another scientifie experiment satellite into space. On Septe ber 14, i"c""ut"iy orbited and having drf;;"# experience gained, along with well, it returned and landed correctly in ihe planned area. physical data collected in space. Pltoto ba wano provi.ded a foundation for satel- .Xinyino lite research and manufacture. Since the first successful launch- ing of a satellite on April 24, 1970, China has sent 11 scientific and technological test sateLiites of dif- ferent types into o4bit. Three re- turned and landed safely as planned after op,erating in space for a period of time. On September 20, 1981, a single Iaunch vehicle sent three satellites into orbit at once. Two kinds of launch vehicle have been develop- ed in the past decade or so. At present a three-stage Launch vehicle, the CZ-\, powered by liquid propellant, is being devel- oped for launching satellites into an "earth-stationary" orbit or putting large-scale spacecraft into low orbit.

Space Station Network

China has set up f airly large launching sites and a network of telemeter-tracking-command sta- tions urith a main control center in Weinan, province. The stati.on in Jiuquan in northwest&n Gansu province, for instance, is equipped with tracking and tele- metric instruments lor monitoring and controlling launch vehicles and satellites dr-rring their ascent A newly-developed. oceangoing telemeter-tracking-command ves- sel has made it possible,to extend the observation area and abitity The network has demonstrated a capacity to track and monitor China's scientifi.c and technologi- cal iest satellites and pinpoint the satellites' re-entry. Several high-altitude balloons tvere launched for carrying out upper-atmosphere experiments and making observations in the fields of atmospheric and high- altitude physics. The maximum

CHINA RECONSTRUCTS ..9

Photos of the sun r,aken on April 8, 1980, by the Chinese Satellite cloud pictures received by China-made equipment Academy of ' Beijins Observatory: The sun being analyzed at the Academy of Sciences' Institute ot photosphere (center) with two clusters of sunspots, close- Atmospheric Physics. up of the sunspots (left), and the sunspots and solar flare Xinhua on the sun ehromosphere (right). Xinhua volume of the balloons is about and ionosphere parameters have 10,000 cubic meters and their all been ob,served and measured. payload, 150 kilograms. These data in conjunction with the In the application of spacc information acquired by space bcience and technology Chinese rockets. balloons and satellites scientists have recorded substan- have been used to study the in- tial achievements. The Purple fluence and behavior of solar ac- Mountain Obseivatory in Nanjing tivities on the space environment and observatories in Beijing, Yun- near earth. nan and Shaanxi have conducted Remote-sensing technology has observations of celestial bodies in been used in land resources inves- outer space, including the sun, by tigation, forest monitoring, re- optical and radio instruments. gional geology, hydrologic sllrvey! Meanwhile, the geomagnetic field, mineral exploration, seismology, cosmic radiation, magnetic field oceanography and environmental

Observing a comet from lhe Purple Mountain Observatory in Nanjing. Xinhua

A rocket for dispersing clouds to head off a hailstorm is launched in a Shan- jlong province commune. Xinhua

monitoring. Research has been done in satellite comrnunications. Individual items of space science and technology have also been aP- plied to some areas of the national economy. For example, sPace rock- ets have been used to Prevent hail from destroying crops. The medical and solar-energy fields have benefited from re- search on the technology of satel- lite-control systems. The silica solar cells manutacturei for satel- lites now are utilized in air trans- portation and microwave relay stations, npening up new channels for saving manpower and reducing investment. tr

NOVEMBER 1982 I,EQI

:' ':5 .1 :

Upper left: With great pageantry, a king bull is led (o the fighting arena. Abover Locking hornsI

f.l ONTESTS berween fighting creases yields. One eariy summer! Whether or not the story has \-J bulls are a traditional folk en- the story goes, two bulls were any truth, bull-fights and the tertainment anong the Miao and eating grass on a low bank of earth lestiviiies that surround them have Dong nationalities of Guizhou between rice paddies. They started been popular for a iong time. province in southwest China. These to fight and in the process tram- Traditionally held twice a year, are not the bloody spectacles com- pled 10-inch a lot of the high rice before the spring plowing and mon in some foreign cultr;res. seedlings" after the autumn harvest, th-is year Generally, the lock bulls horns and The owner of the fields rushed a third bull-fight was held in pit their strength against one up and beat the bulls out of the August. Why peasant his another rather than slashing, and field, then sadly started to ? A in 60s explains that people more the fight is stopped at the first straighten up the remaining plants" are threat of serious injury. To fi.ll in blank spaces where the prosperous now and can hold a Local iegend connects the origin rice was completely destroyed, he festival whenever they want. Also. of bull-fighting with an impnr- transplanted seedlings from thicker a market fair is held in connection tant agricultural discovery that rows. At harvest time' he dis- with the fight, and villagers from thinning and transplanting- rice covered that the transplanted r:ice all over take advantage of this op- seedlings at a certain stage in- grew much better ihan the rest. portunity to bring things to sell Next year he deliberately thinned or to shop fon what they need. He and transplanted his seediings and himself carried a dozen homemade CHEN LEQI, of Dons nationality, is on the sta.ff of the State Nationalities Af- again got good results, so the Iusheng (reed pipes) tn seII a1 the fairs Comrnission. technique spread. fair.

6 CHINA RECONSTRUCTS In the old days, every village inscribed with the names of the These two are well matched, had its king bull, raised only for king bulls leads the procession into neither wanting to give an inch. fighting. The honor of the village the arena. Behind him is a squad Raising a cioud of dust, one depended so much on the outcome of "guards" armed with imitations dodges swiftly to the side and the of these fights that each had his of ancient weapons. They are fol- other follows. The two arhats own wooden stable. called the lowed by the band of musicians, circle thern, shouting encourage- "king bull's palace," and special and then by the most important ment, and the cheers of the attendants. Their forage was care- participants the king bulls - onlookers and.the pounding of the f ully prepared, and they were themselves - each led by a young gongs and drums roll over the field given spirits to drink to make man in arhot dress. in waves of sound. them fierce. The bulls wear metal protective When there is a stalemate, or guards Today all the local bulls have to over their horns and red either bull is in danger of serious work, not just fight, for their silk head coverings" On their backs injury, the judge proclaims they carry miniature bull living. The kings are simply "king "mediation." Now, after locking selected from among the ordinary towens," gaily decorated with meter-long golden pheasant horns many times, neither bull has bulls contracted to households to gained a victory, and the judge's under the responsi- feathers and four flags (formerly do farmwork signal is given" The two arhats system. winning bull's symbols of authority). Behind the bility A iasso their legs with trophy goes to the household in bulls marches another arhat bear- bulls' hind ropes pull them charge of him. ing a huge banner inscribed with thick and begin to the title "king." At the end of the back. procession come groups of young The kings don't like the idea of Festive Occasion unmarried women from the dif- retreating, and a dozen young meh The fighting arena is a large ferent villages carrying colorful rush up to help the arhats. The field of land suruounded by pennants with serrated edges. The resulting tug-of-war between men hilis on, four sides which accom- procession circles the arena three and bulis is an additional entertain- modate a large crowd of spectators. times to the deafening roars of the ment for the audience. Finally For this gala occasion everyone crowd and the merry beat of the pacified, the kings have their heads dresses in his or her best, and girls musrc. covered once more with red silk wear silver ornaments and red and are led away for a rest. flowers in their hair. Around the The Fight's On perimeter of the field are the Once the opening ceremonies are King for the Day market fair stalls selling fruit and over, the two bulls are led face to vegetables, meat, fowl and fish, face in the two circles drawn at The second match also ends in grain, furniture and handicrafts the center of the court. Three stalernate, but in the third match articles. times an ancient cannon is dis- there is a victor. The losing bull The opening ceremonies start at charged, and the music suddenly retreats and gives signs of submis- 12:00 noon. To the sound of stops. The bulls' attendants re- sion. They are separatd and drums, gongs and lusheng, a young move the red silk coverings from led off. Immediately, the young man dressed as an orhnt (disciple their heads. and bulls rush toward women on the t\rinner's side, ac- of Buddha) and carrying a board orie another and lock horns. cording to tradition, swarm for- ward to seize the pennants held the team. After the Lusheng (reed pipe) orchestra atlds merry music to the festivities., by rival bull's Photas bg Feng Yuzhao and Shouliong trophy is awarded, the king is marched around the arena in { triumph. A few days later, the young i women of the winning team cere- moniously return the seized pen- nants to the village of the losing bull. The/ are entertained warm- ly, with the arhats acted by unmar- ried young feilows serving as hosts. Rivalry is forgotten amid the young people's talk and laughter. Soon someone strikes up a tune, and the siaging begins. The music- making may last all night, and many a courtship begins or flour- ishes during these gay, noisy parties" tr

NOVEMBER 1982 Chino's Chonces ot the 9th Asion Gomes

WEN ZHONGYU

A THLETES from all over Asia and men's singles and men's team J r are now gathering in New events, they have remained top Delhi, India, f or the 9th Asian contenders in world play. At the Games scheduled for November- 1981 Championships, they led in December. The months of train- seven events, and the finals of five ing and study, the sweat and dis- singles events were f ought out cipline, the pushing of the body between Chinese players. beyoird its seeming limits, will all This represents a big improve- culminate in the intense competi- ment over the 34th World Cham- tion of the games. Win or lose, the pionships four years ago. The men and women who go to New Chinese players had grown some- Delhi are true champs. what slack, and managed to '"vin Four years ago at the 8th Asian only the men's and women's team Games in , , Ja- events and a women's doubles pan topped the medal standings event in which a Chinese and a with 70 golds, 59 silvers and 49 north Korean player w,ere paired. bronzes. China was second with Since then the team members 51 golds, 54 silvers and 46 bronzes. have sharpened their skills consi- Fans and experts expect these derably. They're expected to two powerhouse national teams dominate much of the play at to battle it out for first place New Delhi, though top performers again this year, but in many such as Japan's M. Kohno will events they will face stiff compe- present real challenges. tition from outstanding athletes from other countries. China's badminton squad is also Table Tennis world class, .though her,e it will Table tennis or ping-pong face some lively competition. At is one of China's- strongest suits.- the Eighth Asian Games, China Since 1961's 26th World Table took the women's singles, women's Tennis Championships, when Chi- team, men's doubles and mixed nese players captured the women's doubles events. The men's team was downed by the Indonesians 4-1, and the men's singles Han WEN ZHONGYU is on the staff of the in State Pbysical Culture and Sports Com- Jian was taken 2-0 by 's mission. fameil .

CIIINA RECONSTRUCTS In the last four years Chinese with the Soviet Union, the Ger- players have honed their skills man Dernocratic RePublic and and gained a iot of practice in in- eight other countries participating, ternational competition. The 1982 Chinese athletes scored firsts in Alt-England badminton comPeti- five out of the 20 events, and in tion saw the Chinese women win 1981 the International Amateur both the singles and doubles titles. Athletic Federation Promoted In May the men's team, taking China from a B group to AA. Japan and China are abou'l part f irst time in the {or the weightlifting, Tournament ln Lon- equally matched in worid title with each having their own Parti- don, took the overall strengths. In 1978, top in a close-f ought 5-4 battle with cular were about evenlY divided the Indonesian team, winner of honors New De1hi seven Thomas cups" This time in Bangkok, and in be closelY con- beat Liem Swie King these events will 2;.. (The September 1982 China tested. Reconstructs carried full details teams shquld also make their of the tournament.) mark. Indonesia'.s wealth of talented In f ootball (soccer), teams to which players, including veteranS Liem, watch for include India - and Christian Ha- has made a particularlY strong dinata. will certainly if theY at- showing in recent months - Ja- tend the games be contenders for pan, Thailand, south Korea and team's lineuP top spots, as will Indian aces . The China and SYed has recently been reorganized and Modi, the Sidek brothers from new young players brought in; Maiaysia an'd the south Korean they are strong and energetic. but how well they will do against ve- woman player Sun Ai Hwang. in'their Nevertheless, many expect Chi- terans at this earlY stage na's piayers, ti-reir confidence careers remains to be seen. recent wins. to heightened by Track and Fie'ld carry off a number of golds and iilvers. China edged Japan bY a fair1Y narrow margin in these events 'Big Ball' Sports four years ago, and is estimated to have a slight advantage in the In the volleyball events at the upcoming games, though JaPan Asian Games four years ago, the and Thailand wlll be teams to Swimming and Diving jumPers are south Korean, Japanese and Chi- watch. Chinese Par- Swimming is one of JaPan's t'eal placed first, strong. At a recent match nese men's teams ticularly strengths. At the iast Asian Games 19-Year-o1d Zl-ru second and third. In the women's in , they took the gold ir-r 25 out division, Japan took the gold. Jianhua broke his own Asian rec- 29 swimming events (China won China and south Ko- ord in the high jumP. clearing of followed by none). Since then China has de- Chinese women's tean-l 2.31 m. Cai , also 19, has clear- rea. The veloped somc strong srvimmers particular has since then gone ed 2.29 m., and six other Chinese in who should provide real comPeti- strength to strength, climax- athletes are not far behind. The from In recent international con* ing with their capture of the woman high jumPer Zheng Da- tion. have begun to in world (r,r,inning seven out of zhen has cleared 1.93 m'' equaling t,ests they Place title and in 1981 set three seven maiches) in late 1981. The the Asian record. the top six, men's team has also improved Triple jumper Zoa Zhenxian new Asian records. In 1980 the woman swimmer Liang Weifeng considerably in recent Years, and took gold and silver medals, with has won one Asian championshiP. scores of 17.32 m. and 1?.34 m., ai captured the world chamPionshiP China should do well at New the World Universiade and the in a Hawaii meet from the former Delhi, but there wiil certainly be Worid Cup Track and Field American title-holder T. Caulkins. some hard-fought and exciting Championships last Year, and She also won a silver in the 100 m. matches. ranked third among that Year's breaststroke event at the 11th In basketball, few Asian teams top triple jumpers. Yuhuang World Universiade. Nevertheless, have yet reached the standards set won a silver in the broad jumP at the level of China's swimmers is by North and South American the same World Universiade, and still comparatively low, and theY and European teams. China has placed among the world's toP ten. wiil have to perform at toP caPtr- a slight edge here, but the south At this year's Beijing Track and city to beat Japan or 's Korean and Japanese women's Field Invitational Tournament, lively contingent.

NOVEMBER 1982 Four years ago China,s divers jiu and Li Xiaoping won golds in took all the golds and silvers at the free exercise and pommelled Bangkok, and since then have horse turned events. in impressive perform- Barring upSets in this most vo- ances in international ffi competition. latile and nerve-wracking athletic @ At the 10th World Universiade in event, China should make -an 1979, Chen Xiaoxia, then 17, took excellent showing at New Delhi. top place from the famous Soviet diver I. Kalinina, and has gone on to win a number of golds in world Aiming High competitions. Her teammates Li number Yihua. ying In a of Asian Games Meiqin and Zhao events, China is not particularly have also made names for strong. themselves" In hockey, the teams to watch are Pakistan and India. On the men's side, Li Hongping winner of the recent lst Asian Cup named one of the world,s best divers- Tournament; in wrestling, Japan by the U.S. publication and south Sroimming World. Korea should make has taken top their mark. In cycling. japan place in platform- diving in both is 11th again the fa'iorite, and at the. end the World Universiade and of August the 2nd World Cup the Philippines won the meets. Li ASEAN cycling cup. Kongzheng, Wu Guocun Liu and Not too many years ago, Henglin have also turned in out- China,s standing performance athletes were in many respects at interna- behind tional levels. world levels, in large part because of d lack opportunities to compete Gymnastics internationally. The. restoration of China,s legal seat China's gymnasts took ten firsts on the International Olympics at the 8th Asian Games in 19T8, Committee and increased chances and since then have progressed to play in world tournaments have considerably by international rapidly irnproved China,s sports standa?ds. They have mastered skills. In friendship and competi- world-level skil.ls, and also created tion, Chinese athletes learn from a number of unique routines that and exchange experience with have won them acclaim in gym- sportspeople from every country, nastic circles. and they will certainly do this at In 1979 1S-year-old Ma yan- New Delhi. hong won a gold medal on the Fans at home expect Chinese uneven bars in internati.onal com- athletes to aim for excellence. petition, yue- and and the next year Li their own motto is to break Asian jiu and Huang Yubin captured records when they can place and set first on the , rings and their sights on world levels. parallel This bars at the World Cup commitment to excellence, on the Gymnastics Championships. At part of all Asian athtetes, will the 1981 championships, the surely produce exciting and mem- women's team took second place orable moments at the 9th yue- Asian and the men's third, and Li Games. tr

Sports sketches bg Feng Xiangjie

CHINA EECONSTRUCTS Quick, Firm, Flowing, Leoping: Chino's Mortiol Arts

YAN NAIHUA

A S QUICK as sound and wind, poised steps, is usually practiced boxers perform barehanded or fl as firm as rock, as continuous by young and middle-aged people. with weapons, dexterity and ac- as flowing water, as high as flight Nanquan, popular in China's curacy are requiredt The basic these are the traditional descrip- southern provinces, stresses arm- movements are dodging, shifting, tions- of the movements of tnushu, stretching movements with less turning, tumbling, leaping and or martial arts. Derived originally leaping; its practitioners shout now jumping. Hand, eye, body and foot from various forms of hand-to- and then to boost their strength. movements must all be coor- hand combat, it is now a sport Shaolinquan, popular in north dinated. The sequence and rhythm which entrances spectators and, for participants, a way to keep fit in both mind and body. All ages practice it. At the 1982 National Martial Arts demonstra- tion in Xi'an, an outstanding per- formance by 83-year-old Mao- kun was followed by an equally d,azzling display by teen-ager Huang Mingjian. Fu, famous for having kille'd a wild runaway ox with one blow when he was a young man, gave a vigorous dem- onstration of broadsword tech- nique, while Huang manipulated a three-meter-long cudgel with remarkable agility. The meeting demonstrated various kinds of wushu fencing with sword, spear and broadsword;- boxing and rare forms such as Gzi (ghost) Foot, Buddhist Taizi (prince's) Sword, and Dai Boxing.

Many Varieties Though rich in varieties, wushu Fu Maokun, 83. running through a Eminent woman'taijiquan' performer practice routine. works with double maces modeled on has four main divisiorx bare- ancieni weapons, handed boxing, the wielding- of cudgels and other weapons, combat and cqllective performances. China, follows a short, simple of movements in each style com- prise There are many styles, each routine but is vigorous and swift. an integrated whole. Some styles mimic the actions of with its own demands. Changquan Popular Exercise requires dexterity, quickness the mantis, monkey, eagle, a and valor, so it is popular with drunkard and other-s. In the parks of Beijing and other young people. Tai,ji.quan's slow, The weapons used include cities, particularly in the early Iight movements are suited to older long ones such as spears, cudgels mornings. one may see groups of people or sufferers of chronie and broadswords; short swords, enthusiasts practicing their otvn diseases. Xingyiquan, characterized daggers and hooks; and flexible chosen form of wushu. Grandfa- by powerful, balanced motions and weapons, such as nine- and three- thers teach grandsons; fathers and section cudgels. sons. husbands and wives practice YAN NAIHUA is a reporter for Sports Wushu can be done individually together. More and more retired News in Beijins. or with partners. Whether the people have joined the ranks of

NOVEMBER 1982 11 taijiquqn Shanghai 100,000 p day. Ch schools and taijiquan study centers have been set up in some cities. Many peopie in the countrvside have also taken it up, with provtnce a particular center of activity. Out of Cangzhou county,g population of 200,000 more thin 40,000 c practice centers. villages

,taijiquan. Various schools of boxing involve both the feet and hands.

performance as the hero of the quan a7one. initiated by So N{i- film Shaolin Temple created a stir chiomi, has 2,600 branches in Ja- both at home and abroad. pan with a million members. After Eminenf "crouching'' woman So Michiomi died, his daughter. boxer Li Sujun, from Henan prov- So Yuki, inherited her father's ince, perlorms a series of techni- career and continued to popularize cally difficult movements. such as Shaolincluan. Wushu is now also the f ront stretchlng sopner.-sault very popular in southeast Asian witl-r split thrust. cleanlr. and countries such as Malaysia. Singa- smoothlv pore and the Philippines. A na- tionwide Malaysian organization Enthusiasts .{,broad called Jingwu (skillful u.:zshu) Phy- sical Culture Meeting has branches WtLshtL n'as considcled part rst in many places. Similar organiza- Display o['taijitluirn' tuovenrcfl[s. miiiiary phrvsical training as early tions exist in Singap

Double hooks.

Using a cudgel or quarterstaff.

A l4-year-old martial arts enthusiast.

A young girl demonstrates the double daggers. 'Drunken'swordplay-the performei's seemiugly unbalanced movements are all part of his tactics.

A style popular in north China. Combat! Boring south China style.

Imitating an edgle's tiii(ins

\\ orking with a nine-section cudgel.

'NXonkey'borirrg -l'irrough 'l-aking goor:i care ot a cali' artiiicial insenrirrdtion thc prescrr[ breed ol eartie is being llIll)1 () Ve1 I . I f,kl!lt j.rlnpic5 Lll grrssus tntrt,ducsti tu test (hcll tiutlittic rulue'

Fim Enn t e ffi fw $e tr rffi$$$ffi ffi $ PUhr'(i XI;\NUilU

-I'he NansLran X{ourrtains have becorrre z! Bralrrg dlia TVfi{EN you say"Cf,itr", the word grass- autumn came harvested only four from November to March the }Y trnas in the frst tons. Al1 but a hundred of the cattle fed poorly on the dry -grass. places to eome to rnind are those young people went back to their The animals got enough to eat in of Inner Mongoiia in the north homes in the cities. summer and were fat in the fall, and Xinjiang in the far nrrthwest. Later comers tried raising sugar but all lost weight in the. r,vinter but in fact a quarter, or 67 million beets, tea and medicinal herbs, and some died by spring. Finally hectares, of China's total area of but without good results. In the the State Council sent down a large grasslands is found in the early 60s rice was grorvn for group of experts on soil science, mountainous areas of the south. several years in succession, but it pastures and livestock to make a One of these is in the Nanshan was not considered successful thorough investigation of the area. Mountains, located in the Cheng- either. Those who remained They concluded that stockraising bu Miao Autonomous CountY of thought it a good idea to give up was the right direction for the south\tr'esteru Hunan Province. farnring and turn to forestry. The Nanshan farrn, but the pastures Unti] 1956 the area ';ras uninha- local government supported the should be re,seeded with better bited except by tigers, wolves and proposal and in 1968 sent planes grass. Twenty varieties of grass wild bcars. Reasons for this to sow the slopes with rnasson from New Zealand, Australia and include the frequently unbroken pines. But only a smalL number other countries were planted on an periods of wet weather and thick of thern growing in the valleys experimental scale rdith Tu Mingyi, fog which made it unfavorable for survived the winter cold. an wornan agronomist, in charge. farming, and, I,600 meters above What was the best way to use Ryegrass and white clover sea level, winter temPeratui:es this region? In 7974 it was learned proved to be among the most down to 12" C below zero. that four families up in the hills successful. In 1979 the State The grassJand is now the home made a living by raising cattle, and Animal-Husbandry Bureau pro- of a livestock farm with 10,700 their animals looked very good. vided the farm with five tons of pasture, the realiza- mountains covered with hectares of but The are these seeds, enough to sow 200 tion that this was the best use for meter-high grass. In the vall.eys hectares. The grass grew luxu- the land was a long time in are streams that remain unfrozen riantly and provided good grazing comrng. the year round. Why not go in for even in the dry months. After In the spring of 1956, several stockraising ? five years of experimentation, six groups urban yoLlng who help from the government, of PeoPIe With varieties, with the above two as volunteered open up this in 1974 the bought a held of had to farm chief, have been found most suited area assembled at the courrty seat. and some dairy cows in Eeijing to the climate. Frorn 1980 planting They canried bedrolls on their The next yr:ar their sheep in Xinjiang. of the newgrasses began in €arnest. each group was led by backs, and the place was officially named In that year the government sent a red flag with the rvords "Youth Nanshan Livestock Farm. planes to sow 667 ha, of the t\Mo Reclamation Team." main varieties, and 1,06? ha. more Shi Chongbin, now 46 and Nelv Problems in 1981. f arm's Com* secretary of the government munist Party Committee, whc ied Then a new problem cropped The also made it possible the one of these groups, likes to recall up. They found the grass was not to learn from advanced particularly nutritive value. of how things were. of high technology and experieuce And winter months foreign countfies. Llnder a 1979 Beyond the county seat there for five - were no roads. Three days of cross-country marching over the In the farm's cheese f actory, trills brought the 950 young people to the Nanshan Mountains. They built themselves huts to sleep in, but these couldn't keep out the rajrr, so often they had to keeP their umbrellas up inside day and night. The locality afforded no supplieis, so they had to carrY everything they used, including grain, up from the foot of the range. With little more than spades and hard work, in several months they had turned up 300 hectares of land. They sowed 7.5 tons of seed corn, but .*'hen

PENG XIANCIIII is a staff reporter for China Reconsiructs.

NOVEMBEN 1982 animal husbandry eontract signed Nanshan Livestock Farm io make Recent ,with Austraii.a, Australian pasture even greater progress and more expert Dr. Collin Figgin and An- futrly utilize its potential. The Publicotions thony Brown, a development of- far-m started its responsibility ficer, came the farm. to system of paynrent accotding to They helped the Chinese workers results in 1980. Workers who set up a pitrot team which sowed raise more cattle or sheep, or different grasses on a large seale on whose animals produce more varying degrees of slope. At their meat suggestion, one pasture or milk, or a greater number of was divided young, get paid into smaller fenced-in sections for more. This has rotated grazing, and a water supply stimulated their initiative and system, barns for hay and roads made ihem work harder. were also built" The pilot team An example is the Daping dairy tHedical carried out experiments in rotation team. Forrnerly 32 workeris cared grazing and comparison of grass for 109 cows. Now, wiih the res- An interesting and useful aid to growth when sowed in different ponsibiiity system. 22 people take ctrinicians has been 'compited by seasons and with different kinds care of 161 eows and in addition the Teaching and Research Group and arnounts of fertilizer and are raising 43 young bulls. on Infectious Diseases of Hunan manure. In years two at the farm The first step has been taken Medical College's Hospital No. I Piggin and Bruwn helped the farm for all-round utilization of the (formerly the presiigious Xi.angya accumulate valuable scientifie data farm's resources. dairy products Medical Collegq teaching hospital, and experience ^\ usefui for r.econ- factory opened there in 1979 made which had old links with the Yale structing large-area pastures, 156 tons of po.,vdered milk in 1981. \{edical College in the U.S.A.). A knowiedge that will be useful in From Hundred, mountain slaughter of animals for Misdiagnctsed Cases in other areas in south various purposes the China which have farm usually Clinical Practice will improve a iot of rain gets and mild damp weather. a hundred or so hides. Be- doctors' abilities to diagnose cases ,cause formerly ii had no,tannery where similar symptorrs rnay inali- Responsibility llelps of its own. it had to seli them at cate d.ifferent diseases. a disadvantage- Last year a tan- The book was completed over a Various forms af. production nery and shoe factory was set up two-year period by a team of responsibility have enabled the, to utilize the leathen. In its fir.st young and middle-aged doctors four rnonths, the eight workers under the guidance of Professors Z}rang turned the hides into 210 pairs of Zb.eng and Xiong Hong'en Newly seedeil pastures at ihe Nanshan And Associate Professor Wu Ruo- Livestock Farm are irrigated with wind men's, u'omen's and children's nan, and is published by the Hunan power" Fhotos by Wang Xinmin shoes. The farm has also built six Science and Technology Press. fish ponds id:.ich by the end of the Chinese traditional medicine in- year have produced five tons wili cludes systematic theories and of fish. many preventive and curative re- The farm's operations now in- medies for diseases common among clude four dairy teams, two beef the elderly. Th,e Secret of Longe- cattle teams and two others raising uitg, just published by the Shang- sheep and bulls. A special team hai Science and Technology Press. carries on experiments in cattle- is a monograph summarizing re- raising and grass planting. Total search on senility, anti-senility stock is,2,218 head of cattle (952 measures and specific remedies. of them mi.lk cows) and a thousand sheep. It also now has a mechaniz- ed cheese factory and a hydro- Ancient and Relerence power station with 600-kilowatt capacity, used with other wind Books Reprinted power and solar energy facilities. L,ast year for the first time the The Shanghai Bookstore has farm operated at a piofit-20,000 collected over the years many rare yuan-and did not need any and valuable old books, and a gbvernment subsidy. llaving number have recently been re* finally found its direction, it has printed. This year's titles include plans for raising many more head Selected Mi.ng Dynasty Local of stock and expanding its proces* Chronicles . ^ .r.qi:r:' from th.e Archioes of sing industries. n the Tian Yi Ge Library; Unoffi-

ItlIO CHINA RECONSTEUCTS cial Fli.stories oJ tlte Qing D'AnastA; this project by the State Counni, and the ChirLa Histrtricsl MateriaLs the two present volumes are avail- thiffia's &arrremey Series'(originally 1itled Chinese able in three hard-cover editiorx, China' s C ur r e n cg D ou:n T hr ottg h History of InterrLal Disttr'bnnces "Deluxe." "Grade A" an