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The Crusades: a Very Brief History
MEDIEVALISTS.NET MEDIEVAL STUDIES MAGAZINE The Medieval Magazine Issue 6 March 9, 2015 The Crusades: A Very Brief History Lady in the Lead Coffin Tower of London: Margaret Beaufort: Mother Revealed Ceremony of the Keys of King Henry VII 12 16 46 Venetian Prisons in the Middle Ages The Medievalverse March 9, 2015 Page 8 Venetian Prisons in the Middle Ages Taking a look at how a Venetian prison on the island of Crete operated. Page 12 Lady in the Lead Coffin Revealed A mysterious lead coffin found close to the site of Richard III's hastily dug grave at the Grey Friars friary has been opened and studied by experts from the University of Leicester. Page 18 The Crusades Andrew Latham traces the contours of the specific types of violent religious conflict always immanent within the historical structure of medieval war. Page 44 Medieval Historical Fiction: Ten Novels from the 19th century Historical fiction was just beginning as literary genre in the 19th century, but soon authors found success in writing about stories set in the Middle Ages. Table of Contents 4 Quiz: How Well Do You Know the Seventh-Century? 6 Medieval Mass Grave Discovered n Paris 8 Venetian Prisons in the Middle Ages 11 Knight buried at Hereford Cathedral may have had jousting injuries, archaeologists find 12 Lady in the Lead Coffin revealed 15 Medieval Articles 16 Tower of London – The Ceremony of the Keys 18 The Crusades: A Very Brief History, 1095-1500 42 The Mazims of Francesco Guicciardini 44 The Beginning of Medieval Historical Fiction: Ten Novels from the 19th century 46 Margaret Beaufort, Mother of King Henry VII 50 Medieval Videos The Medievalverse The weekly digital magazine from Medievalists.net Edited by Peter Konieczny and Sandra Alvarez Cover: Crusaders storm Jerusalem, from The Hague, MMW, 10 A 21 How Well Do You Know the Seventh Century? 1.This Anglo-Saxon helmet, which dates from the early 7th century, was found at which archaeological site? 2. -
The Faces of History. the Imagined Portraits of the Merovingian Kings at Versailles (1837-1842)
The faces of history. The imagined portraits of the Merovingian kings at Versailles (1837-1842) Margot Renard, University of Grenoble ‘One would expect people to remember the past and imagine the future. But in fact, when discoursing or writing about history, they imagine it in terms of their own experience, and when trying to gauge the future they cite supposed analogies from the past; till, by a double process of repeti- tion, they imagine the past and remember the future’. (Namier 1942, 70) The historian Christian Amalvi observes that during the first half of the nine- teenth century, most of the time history books presented a ‘succession of dyn- asties (Merovingians, Carolingians, Capetians), an endless row of reigns put end to end (those of the ‘rois fainéants’1 and of the last Carolingians especially), without any hierarchy, as a succession of fanciful portraits of monarchs, almost interchangeable’ (Amalvi 2006, 57). The Merovingian kings’ portraits, exhib- ited in the Museum of French History at the palace of Versailles, could be de- scribed similarly: they represent a succession of kings ‘put end to end’, with imagined ‘fanciful’ appearances, according to Amalvi. However, this vision dis- regards their significance for early nineteenth-century French society. Replac- ing these portraits in the broader context of contemporary history painting, they appear characteristic of a shift in historical apprehension. The French history painting had slowly drifted away from the great tradition established by Jacques-Louis David’s moralistic and heroic vision of ancient history. The 1820s saw a new formation of the historical genre led by Paul De- laroche's sentimental vision and attention to a realistic vision of history, restored to picturesqueness. -
Forbidden History of Europe Page Stamp.Qxd
The Forbidden History of Europe - The Chronicles and Testament of the Aryan 601 379 - Vasmer, M. Etimologicheskii Slovar Russkovo Yazyka, Vol I, p. 84 380 - Jones and Pennick. A History of Pagan Europe, p.186 381 - Vlasova, M. Novaya Abevega Russkikh Syeverii, p. 70-71 382 - Freake. Agrippa Book III, Chapter XXXIV, p. 573 383 - My Russian-English translation of an excerpt from Book Of Jossipon, The Table of Peoples. Petrukhin Nachalo Etnokyl’turnoi Istorii Rusii IX-XI Vekov, p. 36-40. 384 - "Multiple Origins for Ashkenazi Levites: Y Chromosome Evidence for Both Near Eastern and European Ancestries," published last fall in The American Journal of Human Genetics. 385 - Vermes, G. The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English, p.451 1 Qap Gen, 1 Q20 386 - Vermes, G. The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English, p.453 1 Qap Gen, 1 Q20 387 - Maksimov, S. V. Nechistaya, Nevedomaya i Krestnaya Sila, p. 96 388 - Vasmer, M. Etimologicheskii Slovar’ Russkovo Yazyka, Vol I, p. 139 389 - Ibid. , Vol III, p. 115 390 - Ibid. , Vol IV p. 571 391 - Ibid. , Vol III, p. 493-494 392 - Ibid. , Vol II p. 214 393 - Ibid. , Vol I p. 110 394 - This table of plantsuffs was compiled from information contained in Vernadsky, Maksimov and Excavations in the Medieval City. 395 - Vasmer, M. Vol II, p. 47 396 - Excavations in the Medieval City 397 - Vasmer, M. Vol III, p. 139 398 - Excavations in the Medieval City 399 - Vasmer, M. Vol III, p. 729 400 - Vasmer, M. Vol III, p. 287 401 - Vasmer, M. Vol IV, p. -
THE LOGISTICS of the FIRST CRUSADE 1095-1099 a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Wester
FEEDING VICTORY: THE LOGISTICS OF THE FIRST CRUSADE 1095-1099 A Thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of Western Carolina University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History By William Donald O’Dell, Jr. Director: Dr. Vicki Szabo Associate Professor of Ancient and Medieval History History Department Committee Members: Dr. David Dorondo, History Dr. Robert Ferguson, History October, 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee members and director for their assistance and encouragements. In particular, Dr. Vicki Szabo, without whose guidance and feedback this thesis would not exist, Dr. David Dorondo, whose guidance on the roles of logistics in cavalry warfare have helped shaped this thesis’ handling of such considerations and Dr. Robert Ferguson whose advice and recommendations for environmental historiography helped shaped my understanding on how such considerations influence every aspect of history, especially military logistics. I also offer my warmest regards and thanks to my parents, brothers, and extended family for their continued support. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iv Abstract ............................................................................................................................................v Introduction ......................................................................................................................................1 -
Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3
Promotor Prof. dr. Jan Dumolyn Vakgroep Geschiedenis Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Een Spiegel voor de Sultan. Staatsideologie in de Vroeg Osmaanse Kronieken, 1300-1453 Kaftinformatie: Miniature of Sultan Orhan Gazi in conversation with the scholar Molla Alâeddin. In: the Şakayıku’n-Nu’mâniyye, by Taşköprülüzâde. Source: Topkapı Palace Museum, H1263, folio 12b. Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Hilmi Kaçar A Mirror for the Sultan State Ideology in the Early Ottoman Chronicles, 1300- 1453 Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Geschiedenis 2015 Acknowledgements This PhD thesis is a dream come true for me. Ottoman history is not only the field of my research. It became a passion. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Jan Dumolyn, my supervisor, who has given me the opportunity to take on this extremely interesting journey. And not only that. He has also given me moral support and methodological guidance throughout the whole process. The frequent meetings to discuss the thesis were at times somewhat like a wrestling match, but they have always been inspiring and stimulating. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi and Prof. Dr. Jo Vansteenbergen, for their expert suggestions. My colleagues of the History Department have also been supportive by letting me share my ideas in development during research meetings at the department, lunches and visits to the pub. I would also like to sincerely thank the scholars who shared their ideas and expertise with me: Dimitris Kastritsis, Feridun Emecen, David Wrisley, Güneş Işıksel, Deborah Boucayannis, Kadir Dede, Kristof d’Hulster, Xavier Baecke and many others. -
The Teutonic Order and the Baltic Crusades
Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) Department of History 6-10-2019 The eutT onic Order and the Baltic Crusades Alex Eidler Western Oregon University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his Part of the European History Commons, Medieval History Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Eidler, Alex, "The eT utonic Order and the Baltic Crusades" (2019). Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History). 273. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his/273 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. The Teutonic Order and the Baltic Crusades By Alex Eidler Senior Seminar: Hst 499 Professor David Doellinger Western Oregon University June 5, 2019 Readers Professor Elizabeth Swedo Professor David Doellinger Copyright © Alex Eidler, 2019 Eidler 1 Introduction When people think of Crusades, they often think of the wars in the Holy Lands rather than regions inside of Europe, which many believe to have already been Christian. The Baltic Crusades began during the Second Crusade (1147-1149) but continued well into the fifteenth century. Unlike the crusades in the Holy Lands which were initiated to retake holy cities and pilgrimage sites, the Baltic crusades were implemented by the German archbishoprics of Bremen and Magdeburg to combat pagan tribes in the Baltic region which included Estonia, Prussia, Lithuania, and Latvia.1 The Teutonic Order, which arrived in the Baltic region in 1226, was successful in their smaller initial campaigns to combat raiders, as well as in their later crusades to conquer and convert pagan tribes. -
Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony
he collection of essays presented in “Devotional Cross-Roads: Practicing Love of God in Medieval Gaul, Jerusalem, and Saxony” investigates test case witnesses of TChristian devotion and patronage from Late Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages, set in and between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean, as well as Gaul and the regions north of the Alps. Devotional practice and love of God refer to people – mostly from the lay and religious elite –, ideas, copies of texts, images, and material objects, such as relics and reliquaries. The wide geographic borders and time span are used here to illustrate a broad picture composed around questions of worship, identity, reli- gious affiliation and gender. Among the diversity of cases, the studies presented in this volume exemplify recurring themes, which occupied the Christian believer, such as the veneration of the Cross, translation of architecture, pilgrimage and patronage, emergence of iconography and devotional patterns. These essays are representing the research results of the project “Practicing Love of God: Comparing Women’s and Men’s Practice in Medieval Saxony” guided by the art historian Galit Noga-Banai, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the histori- an Hedwig Röckelein, Georg-August-University Göttingen. This project was running from 2013 to 2018 within the Niedersachsen-Israeli Program and financed by the State of Lower Saxony. Devotional Cross-Roads Practicing Love of God in Medieval Jerusalem, Gaul and Saxony Edited by Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover Röckelein/Noga-Banai/Pinchover Devotional Cross-Roads ISBN 978-3-86395-372-0 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Universitätsverlag Göttingen Hedwig Röckelein, Galit Noga-Banai, and Lotem Pinchover (Eds.) Devotional Cross-Roads This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. -
Standard Text
Introduction At the end of the eleventh century AD (November of 1095), at the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II issued a call for an armed pilgrimage to the Holy Land that became known as the First War of the Cross, or Crusade. This was at the request of the Byzantine emperor, Alexius Comnenus, in response to the increasing incursions of the Seljuq Turks into the formerly Byzantine territories in Asia Minor that had been gaining ground and momentum since the disastrous Byzantine defeat at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. What the embattled Byzantine emperor expected from the West was an elite force of armored knights that would ostensibly be commanded by an imperial general. Instead, the Christian force exported through Byzantine lands into the East took on a form quite different from that requested by Alexius. Instead of a coherent, unified, and professional military force, what first appeared at the gates of Constantinople in early 1095 was a massive, untrained, and belligerent rabble of peasants lead by a preacher called Peter the Hermit. Having already come into armed conflict with Byzantine soldiers while en route to the Holy Land, this “Peoples’ Crusade” proved to be both unsuccessful in addressing the Turkish problem, and highly dangerous (as a relatively leaderless mob of armed peasants) to the Byzantine capital—these “crusaders” immediately took to pillaging and raiding the hinterland of Constantinople during their wait outside the city walls. Alexius hastily mobilized the Byzantine navy and had these first crusaders ferried across the Bosporus, whereupon the majority were slaughtered by the Turks in a quick series of engagements in western Asia Minor. -
A Friendship
Conversions Wars Cultures Religions and a Family Name MICHAEL L. SENA C OPYRIGHTED , 2012 B Y G R E E N H O R SE P U B L I S H I N G C OMPANY V ADSTENA , S WEDEN EDITED AND REVISED DECEMBER 2013 ii WARS ARE FOUGHT to gain and keep control over wealth. Tribes, clans, countries and other groups that have wealth have the power to wage and win wars. Those without wealth will always be war’s victims. They lack the resources to build effective defences and protect themselves against destructive powers. Besides extermination or assimilation, one consequence of wars for the vanquished is displacement. Defeated peoples are often set adrift. Cultures, or societies, come into existence when a sufficient number of individuals agree on a way of living together, either through consensus or through force. Cultures are sensitive organisms. They are born, sometimes growing and flourishing, oftentimes contracting and vanishing. Even the most powerful civilizations in their times have had to relinquish their positions of dominance, most often because of self destructive actions taken by their leaders. When one culture is diminished, there is always another waiting to take its place. Humankind is the sum total of all those cultures that have gone before. Religion is the codification of a society’s rules that define what is considered right and what is deemed wrong. Societies base their laws on these definitions, and the laws establish the worldly consequences of not upholding or abiding by the rules. Those who are the codifiers, the priests, gain their legitimacy by providing answers to the unanswerable. -
The Clash Between Pagans and Christians: the Baltic Crusades from 1147-1309
The Clash between Pagans and Christians: The Baltic Crusades from 1147-1309 Honors Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Donald R. Shumaker The Ohio State University May 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Heather J. Tanner, Department of History 1 The Baltic Crusades started during the Second Crusade (1147-1149), but continued into the fifteenth century. Unlike the crusades in the Holy Lands, the Baltic Crusades were implemented in order to combat the pagan tribes in the Baltic. These crusades were generally conducted by German and Danish nobles (with occasional assistance from Sweden) instead of contingents from England and France. Although the Baltic Crusades occurred in many different countries and over several centuries, they occurred as a result of common root causes. For the purpose of this study, I will be focusing on the northern crusades between 1147 and 1309. In 1309 the Teutonic Order, the monastic order that led these crusades, moved their headquarters from Venice, where the Order focused on reclaiming the Holy Lands, to Marienberg, which was on the frontier of the Baltic Crusades. This signified a change in the importance of the Baltic Crusades and the motivations of the crusaders. The Baltic Crusades became the main theater of the Teutonic Order and local crusaders, and many of the causes for going on a crusade changed at this time due to this new focus. Prior to the year 1310 the Baltic Crusades occurred for several reasons. A changing knightly ethos combined with heightened religious zeal and the evolution of institutional and ideological changes in just warfare and forced conversions were crucial in the development of the Baltic Crusades. -
Osman I, Father of Kings
WikiJournal of Humanities, 2021, 4(1):1 doi: 10.15347/wjh/2021.001 Encyclopedic Review Article Osman I, father of kings Bassem Fleifel [1] , et al Abstract Osman I. or Osman Bay (full form: Abū al-mulūk al-Sulṭān al-ghāzī Fakhr al-Dīn QaraʻUthmān Khān al-awwal bin Ertuğrul bin Sulaymān Shāh al-qayawi al-Turkumānī), was the leader of the Kayı Turkic clan, one of the border gover- nors for the Sultanate of Rûm, and the founder of the Ottoman dynasty that ruled over the Balkans, Anatolia, the Levant, and North Africa for 600 years until it expired with the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1922. Keywords: Osman Gazi, Sultan Osman I Introduction Osman I. or Osman Bay (full form: Abū al-mulūk al- Sulṭān al-ghāzī Fakhr al-Dīn QaraʻUthmān Khān al-aw- wal bin Ertuğrul bin Sulaymān Shāh al-qayawi al-Tur- kumānī), was the leader of the Kayı Turkic clan and one of the border governors for the Sultanate of Rûm, and the founder of the Ottoman dynasty that ruled over the Balkans, Anatolia, the Levant, and North Africa for 600 years until it expired with the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1922. Although the exact date of Osman's birth is unspeci- fied, some sources indicate that he was born in 656 AH / 1258 CE, to Emir Ertuğrul Gazi, one of the border gov- ernors for the Sultanate of Rûm, and Halime Hatun. It so happened that Osman was born on the same day that the Mongols invaded Baghdad,[1] the capital of Figure 1 | Sultan Osman (ʻUthmān) Han I. -
Ancient Foundations Marshall High School Unit Five AH * Frankish History: Clovis and the Merovingians and the Birth of Modern Western Civilization
The Dark Ages Marshall High School Mr. Cline Western Civilization I: Ancient Foundations Marshall High School Unit Five AH * Frankish History: Clovis and the Merovingians and the Birth of Modern Western Civilization • Introduction to Clovis • France has given the world some very memorable leaders. • There's Napoleon, • Joan of Arc, • and Marie Antoinette, just to name a few. • Ironically, the guy credited for being the first to unite the ancestors of modern-day France, is not nearly as famous as those we just listed. • His name is Clovis, and today we're going to give him the spotlight he deserves. • Now, before we dive into the details of Clovis and his Merovingian Dynasty, we should probably acknowledge that most of you have never heard of the guy. • To simplify things, and to make this guy more memorable, we'll just concentrate on three things. * Frankish History: Clovis and the Merovingians and the Birth of Modern Western Civilization • Introduction to Clovis • First, Clovis established the Merovingian Dynasty. • Second, he established Catholicism as the major religion of Western and Central Europe. • Lastly, his dynasty brought cultural advancement to the areas he ruled. • Unification of the Franks • Let's get started with Clovis the Conqueror. • Clovis the Conqueror was a member of a Germanic tribe known as the Franks. • The Franks inhabited the territory of Gaul, now modern-day France, and parts of Germany. • Although the people of this area were all called Franks, there were sub- groups among them. * Frankish History: Clovis and the Merovingians and the Birth of Modern Western Civilization • Unification of the Franks • For instance, there were the Salian Franks, of whom Clovis was a ruler.