OSPREY Fortress PUBLISHING Crusader Castles in the Holy Land 1097-1192 David Nicolle • Illustrated by Adam Hook DAVID NICOLLE was born in 1944. He worked for the BBC, including the overseas broadcasting service, before returning to university in Edinburgh, Scotland, and obtaining his PhD. He subsequently taught at Yarmouk University in Jordan. David now devotes himself to writing, and is a specialist in medieval arms and armour. He is also a frequent contributor to numerous journals and international conferences. ADAM HOOK studied graphic design, and began his work as an illustrator in 1983. He specialises in detailed historical reconstructions, and has illustrated Osprey titles on the Aztecs, the Greeks, the American Civil War and the American Revolution, as well as several Fortress books on medieval military architecture. His work features in exhibitions and publications throughout the world. OSPREY Fortress • 2I PUBLISHING Crusader Castles in the Holy Land 1097-1192 David Nicolle • Illustrated by Adam Hook Series editors Marcus Cowper and Nikolai Bogdanovic First published in Great Britain in 2004 by Osprey Publishing, Elms Court, Dedication Chapel Way, Botley, Oxford OX2 9LP, United Kingdom. Email:
[email protected] For the class of 2004, Hertford College, University of Oxford. © 2004 Osprey Publishing Ltd. Image credits All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Unless otherwise indicated, all photographic images and line- Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, drawings are from the author's collection. or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.