Medieval Castle Vocabulary

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Medieval Castle Vocabulary Castle construction started to fade by the 15th-16th centuries, but existing Castles did not necessarily all fall out of use. use. of out fall all necessarily not did Castles existing but centuries, 15th-16th the by fade to started construction Castle In the 13th Century, defensive features were added to existing Castles, like towers, gateways, and curtain walls. walls. curtain and gateways, towers, like Castles, existing to added were features defensive Century, 13th the In The Golden age of Medieval Castle is considered to be the 12th Century. Century. 12th the be to considered is Castle Medieval of age Golden The www.roadtripsaroundtheworld.com The first Keep or Donjon built from stones, appeared in the 10th century. This is the great tower and usually the most strongly defended point of a Castle. a of point defended strongly most the usually and tower great the is This century. 10th the in appeared stones, from built Donjon or Keep first The Early Castles were often wooden constructions guarded by a palisade and tower. tower. and palisade a by guarded constructions wooden often were Castles Early A Castle is the private fortified residence of a lord or noble. Often built on an a motte, an earthen mound with a flat top, or a prominent rock formation. rock prominent a or top, flat a with mound earthen an motte, a an on built Often noble. or lord a of residence fortified private the is Castle A of European Castles Castles European of Visit my blog to see wonderful pictures pictures wonderful see to blog my Visit of Medieval Castles Medieval of VOCABULARY the Golden age age Golden the Love Castles? Castles? Love 12th Century: Century: 12th CASTLE CASTLE 1650 to 1790 AD 1790 to 1650 Rococo Architecture Rococo MEDIEVAL MEDIEVAL 1890 to 1914 AD 1914 to 1890 AD 1450 to 1100 1600 to 1830 AD 1830 to 1600 and Ottonian styles Ottonian and Art Nouveau Nouveau Art Architecture Gothic Baroque Architecture Baroque for Road Trips Around The World The Around Trips Road for Merovingian, Carolingian Carolingian Merovingian, Period: 500 to 800 AD. 800 to 500 Period: Designed by Miss Coco Miss by Designed 1730 to 1925 AD 1925 to 1730 Pre Romanesque Romanesque Pre 1400 to 1600 AD 1600 to 1400 800 to 1200 AD 1200 to 800 AD 565 to 527 Architecture Renaissance Architecture Renaissance Romanesque Period Romanesque architecture Roman Neoclassicism in in Neoclassicism 2,000 1,900 1,800 1,700 1,600 1,500 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 1,000 900 800 700 600 400 300 200 100 500 GUIDE Renaissance Roman Empire Roman MINI POCKET POCKET MINI Modern times Modern Middle Ages / Medieval period Medieval / Ages Middle ARCHITECTURAL STYLES TIMELINE STYLES ARCHITECTURAL Staircases were often curved very narrowly and in a clockwise direction. This meant that any attackers coming up the stairs had their sword hands (right Keep or Donjon hand) against the interior curve of the wall and this made it very difficult for them to swing their swords. Defenders had their sword hands on the outside Corps de logis or great hall wall, which meant they had more room to swing. Oriel window Women’s appartments A corbel or console is a structural piece of stone. Watchtower Chapel It often has a plain appearance, but can also be carved with stylised heads of humans, animals or imaginary beasts. Well Outhouse You can see lots of them in Castles, A machicolation is a floor opening between often hanging from walls, where they the supporting corbels of a battlement, supported the beams of a ceiling which Chemin de ronde, through which stones, or other objects, has since collapsed. Main Bailey could be dropped on attackers at the base Allure or Walk-Walk of a defensive wall. An oriel window is a form of bay window Lower Bailey Bartizan (Echaugette) which projects from the main wall of a building but does not reach to the ground. These could be used as small chapels, as Gatehouse or Corbel no one was allowed to live above God. Gardhouse Moat An arrow slit is a thin vertical aperture Portcullis through which archers were launching Covered Battlement arrows. It is alternatively referred to as an arrow loop, loop hole, or archere, and Flanking tower sometimes a balistraria. Arrow slits come Curtain Wall in a remarkable variety. A common form is A merlon is the solid upright section of a the cross. Another common form is the thin Arrow slit Barbican battlement or crenellated parapet in medieval vertical opening with a round hole at the architecture. bottom which enabled canons to be fired. Battelment with crenels Machicolation Drawbridge The space between two merlons is called a crenel, and a succession of merlons and crenels is a crenellation..
Recommended publications
  • Common Heritage Совместное Наследие
    COMMON HERITAGE СОВМЕСТНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ The multicultural heritage of Vyborg and its preservation Мультикультурное наследие Выборга и его сохранение COMMON HERITAGE СОВМЕСТНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ The multicultural heritage of Vyborg and its preservation Proceedings of the international seminar 13.–14.2.2014 at The Alvar Aalto library in Vyborg Мультикультурное наследие Выборга и его сохранение Труды мeждународного семинара 13.–14.2.2014 в Центральной городской библиотеке А. Аалто, Выборг Table of contents Оглавление Editor Netta Böök FOREWORD .................................................................6 Редактор Нетта Бёэк ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Graphic design Miina Blot Margaretha Ehrström, Maunu Häyrynen: Te dialogical landscape of Vyborg .....7 Графический дизайн Мийна Блот Маргарета Эрстрëм, Мауну Хяйрюнен: Диалогический ландшафт Выборга Translations Gareth Grifths and Kristina Kölhi / Gekko Design; Boris Sergeyev Переводы Гарет Гриффитс и Кристина Кëлхи / Гекко Дизайн; Борис Сергеев Publishers The Finnish National Committee of ICOMOS (International Council for Monuments and Sites) and OPENING WORDS The Finnish Architecture Society ..........................................................12 Издатели Финляндский национальный комитет ИКОМОС (Международного совета по сохранению ВСТУПИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СЛОВА памятников и достопримечательных мест) и Архитектурное общество Финляндии Maunu Häyrynen: Opening address of the seminar ............................15 Printed in Forssa Print Мауну Хяйрюнен: Вступительное обращение семинара Отпечатано в типографии Forssa Print
    [Show full text]
  • The Northgate Reconstruction
    131 7 THE NORTHGATE RECONSTRUCTION P Holder and J Walker INTRODUCTION have come from the supposedly ancient quarries at Collyhurst some few kilometres north-east of the The Unit was asked to provide advice and fort. As this source was not available, Hollington assistance to Manchester City Council so that the Red Sandstone from Staffordshire was used to form City could reconstruct the Roman fort wall and a wall of coursed facing blocks 200-320 mm long by defences at Manchester as they would have appeared 140-250 mm deep by 100-120 mm thick. York stone around the beginning of the 3rd century (Phase 4). was used for paving, steps and copings. A recipe for the right type of mortar, which consisted of This short report has been included in the volume three parts river sand, three parts building sand, in order that a record of the archaeological work two parts lime and one part white cement, was should be available for visitors to the site. obtained from Hampshire County Council. The Ditches and Roods The Wall and Rampart The Phase 4a (see Chapter 4, Area B) ditches were Only the foundations and part of the first course re-establised along their original line to form a of the wall survived (see Chapter 4, Phase 4, Area defensive circuit consisting of an outer V-shaped A). The underlying foundations consisted of ditch in front of a smaller inner ditch running interleaved layers of rammed clay and river close to the fort wall. cobble. On top of the foundations of the fort wall lay traces of a chamfered plinth (see Chapter 5g) There were three original roads; the main road made up of large red sandstone blocks, behind from the Northgate that ran up to Deansgate, the which was a rough rubble backing.
    [Show full text]
  • New Methodologies for the Documentation of Fortified Architecture in the State of Ruins
    The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-5/W1, 2017 GEOMATICS & RESTORATION – Conservation of Cultural Heritage in the Digital Era, 22–24 May 2017, Florence, Italy NEW METHODOLOGIES FOR THE DOCUMENTATION OF FORTIFIED ARCHITECTURE IN THE STATE OF RUINS F. Fallavollita a, A. Ugolini a a Dept. of Architecture, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy - (federico.fallavollita, andrea.ugolini)@unibo.it KEY WORDS: Castles, Laser Scanner, Digital Photogrammetry, Architectural Survey, Restoration ABSTRACT: Fortresses and castles are important symbols of social and cultural identity providing tangible evidence of cultural unity in Europe. They are items for which it is always difficult to outline a credible prospect of reuse, their old raison d'être- namely the military, political and economic purposes for which they were built- having been lost. In recent years a Research Unit of the University of Bologna composed of architects from different disciplines has conducted a series of studies on fortified heritage in the Emilia Romagna region (and not only) often characterized by buildings in ruins. The purpose of this study is mainly to document a legacy, which has already been studied in depth by historians, and previously lacked reliable architectural surveys for the definition of a credible as well as sustainable conservation project. Our contribution will focus on different techniques and methods used for the survey of these architectures, the characteristics of which- in the past- have made an effective survey of these buildings difficult, if not impossible. The survey of a ruin requires, much more than the evaluation of an intact building, reading skills and an interpretation of architectural spaces to better manage the stages of documentation and data processing.
    [Show full text]
  • French Riviera Côte D'azur
    10 20 FRENCH RIVIERA CÔTE D’AZUR SUGGESTIONS OF EXCURSIONS FROM THE PORT OF SUGGESTIONS D’EXCURSIONS AU DÉPART DU PORT DE CANNES EXCURSIONS FROM DEPARTURE EXCURSIONS AU DÉPART DE CANNES WE WELCOME YOU TO THE FRENCH RIVIERA Nous vous souhaitons la bienvenue sur la Côte d’Azur www.frenchriviera-tourism.com The Comité Régional du Tourisme (Regional Tourism Council) Riviera Côte d’Azur, has put together this document, following the specific request from individual cruise companies, presenting the different discovery itineraries of the towns and villages of the region pos- sible from the port, or directly the town of Cannes. To help you work out the time needed for each excursion, we have given an approximate time of each visit according the departure point. The time calculated takes into account the potential wait for public transport (train or bus), however, it does not include a lunch stop. We do advice that you chose an excursion that gives you ample time to enjoy the visit in complete serenity. If you wish to contact an established incoming tour company for your requirements, either a minibus company with a chauffeur or a large tour agency we invite you to consult the web site: www.frenchriviera-cb.com for a full list of the same. Or send us an e-mail with your specific requirements to: [email protected] Thank-you for your interest in our destination and we wish you a most enjoyable cruise. Monaco/Monte-Carlo Cap d’Ail Saint-Paul-de-Vence Villefranche-sur-Mer Nice Grasse Cagnes-sur-Mer Villeneuve-Loubet Mougins Biot Antibes Vallauris Cannes Saint-Tropez www.cotedazur-tourisme.com Le Comité Régional du Tourisme Riviera Côte d’Azur, à la demande d’excursionnistes croisiéristes individuels, a réalisé ce document qui recense des suggestions d’itinéraires de découverte de villes et villages au départ du port de croisières de Cannes.
    [Show full text]
  • Galway City Walls Conservation, Management and Interpretation Plan
    GALWAY CITY WALLS CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT & INTERPRETATION PLAN MARCH 2013 Frontispiece- Woman at Doorway (Hall & Hall) Howley Hayes Architects & CRDS Ltd. were commissioned by Galway City Coun- cil and the Heritage Council to prepare a Conservation, Management & Interpre- tation Plan for the historic town defences. The surveys on which this plan are based were undertaken in Autumn 2012. We would like to thank all those who provided their time and guidance in the preparation of the plan with specialist advice from; Dr. Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, Dr. Kieran O’Conor, Dr. Jacinta Prunty & Mr. Paul Walsh. Cover Illustration- Phillips Map of Galway 1685. CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 UNDERSTANDING THE PLACE 6 3.0 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE 17 4.0 ASSESSMENT & STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 28 5.0 DEFINING ISSUES & VULNERABILITY 31 6.0 CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES 35 7.0 INTERPRETATION & MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES 37 8.0 CONSERVATION STRATEGIES 41 APPENDICES Statutory Protection 55 Bibliography 59 Cartographic Sources 60 Fortification Timeline 61 Endnotes 65 1.0 INTRODUCTION to the east, which today retains only a small population despite the ambitions of the Anglo- Norman founders. In 1484 the city was given its charter, and was largely rebuilt at that time to leave a unique legacy of stone buildings The Place and carvings from the late-medieval period. Galway City is situated on the north-eastern The medieval street pattern has largely been shore of a sheltered bay on the west coast of preserved, although the removal of the walls Ireland. It is located at the mouth of the River during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Corrib, which separates the east and western together with extra-mural developments as the sides of the county.
    [Show full text]
  • KO DT Y3 Castles
    Structures - Constructing a castle Key facts Flat objects with 2-dimensions, such as square, 2D shapes Castles can have lots of features such as rectangle and circle. towers, turrets, battlements, moats, Solid objects with 3-dimensions, such as cube, oblong gatehouses, curtain walls, drawbridges 3D shapes and sphere. and flags. A type of building that used to be built hundreds of Castle years ago to defend land and be a home for Kings and Queens and other very rich people. Flag A set of rules to help designers focus their ideas and Design criteria test the success of them. When you look at the good and bad points about Evaluation something, then think about how you could improve it. Battlement Façade The front of a structure. Feature A specific part of something. Flag A piece of cloth used as a decoration or to represent a country or symbol. Tower Net A 2D flat shape, that can become a 3D shape once assembled. Gatehouse Recyclable Material or an object that, when no longer wanted or needed, can be made into something else new. Curtain wall Turret Scoring Scratching a line with a sharp object into card to make the card easier to bend. Stable Object does not easily topple over. Drawbridge Strong It doesn't break easily. Moat Structure Something which stands, usually on its own. Tab The small tabs on the net template that are bent and glued down to hold the shape together. Did you know? Weak It breaks easily. Windsor Castle is the largest castle in Basic England.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inner City Seljuk Fortifications of Rey: Case Study of Rashkān
    Archive of SID THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES Volume 27, Issue 3 (2020), Pages 1-99 Director-in-Charge: Seyed Mehdi Mousavi, Associate Professor of Archaeology Editor-in-Chief: Arsalan Golfam, Associate Professor of Linguistics Managing Editors: Shahin Aryamanesh, PhD of Archaeology, Tissaphernes Archaeological Research Group English Edit by: Ahmad Shakil, PhD Published by Tarbiat Modares University Editorial board: Ehsani, Mohammad; Professor of Sport Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ghaffari, Masoud; Associate Professor of Political Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hafezniya, Mohammadreza; Professor in Political Geography and Geopolitics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Khodadad Hosseini, Seyed Hamid; Professor in Business, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Kiyani, Gholamreza; Associate Professor of Language & Linguistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Manouchehri, Abbas; Professor of Political science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ahmadi, Hamid; Professor of Political science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Karimi Doostan, Gholam Hosein; Professor of Linguistics, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Mousavi Haji, Seyed Rasoul; Professor of Archaeology, Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran Yousefifar, Shahram; Professor of History, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Karimi Motahar, Janallah; Professor of Russian Language, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Mohammadifar, Yaghoub; Professor of Archaeology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran The International Journal of Humanities is one of the TMU Press journals that is published by the responsibility of its Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board in the determined scopes. The International Journal of Humanities is mainly devoted to the publication of original research, which brings fresh light to bear on the concepts, processes, and consequences of humanities in general. It is multi-disciplinary in the sense that it encourages contributions from all relevant fields and specialized branches of the humanities.
    [Show full text]
  • Plate I. Liverpool Castle
    PLATE I. LIVERPOOL CASTLE. RESTORED FROM AUTHENTIC PLANS AMD MEASUREMENTS BY EDWARD W. COX. AN ATTEMPT TO RECOVER THE PLANS OF THE CASTLE OF LIVERPOOL FROM AUTHENTIC RECORDS; CONSIDERED IN CONNEXION WITH MEDI/EVAL PRINCIPLES OF DEFENCE AND CON­ STRUCTION. By Edward W. Cox. (Read 6di November, 1890.) DESCRIPTION OF THE FEATURES AND BUILDINGS OF THE CASTLE. T TPON a rock}'knoll, washed by the Mersey on its V_J western side, and cut off from the mainland on the south and east by the tidal waters of the old Pool, forming the estuary of a small stream falling from the Moss Lake that lay in a fold of the Great Heath, at the foot of the hills which environ the town on the east, was built the Castle of Liverpool. The rocky platform on which it stood sloped westward towards the river, and was approached only from the north. About the centre of the promontory, and commanding its area and shores on every side, the castle was set on the highest point, and was defended by a ditch cut in the rock, varying from 30 to 40 feet in width, and from 24 to 30 feet in depth. Beyond this ditch to the northward, earth­ works were thrown across the peninsula, and from O 2 ig6 Liverpool Castle. notices in early records of the herbage on these defences, they seemed to have formed a line of outworks surrounding the castle. From the western side of the rock-cut ditch, which formed the castle's second line of defence, near the northern corner, an underground passage, ten feet high, was cut in the rock down to the shore of the Mersey, which still exists below the pave­ ment of James Street, and was seen by the writer when it was opened some thirty years since.
    [Show full text]
  • Cedar Breaks National Monument NRCA
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Cedar Breaks National Monument Natural Resource Condition Assessment Natural Resource Report NPS/NCPN/NRR—2018/1631 ON THIS PAGE Markagunt Penstemon. Photo Credit: NPS ON THE COVER Clouds over Red Rock. Photo Credit:© Rob Whitmore Cedar Breaks National Monument Natural Resource Condition Assessment Natural Resource Report NPS/NCPN/NRR—2018/1631 Author Name(s) Lisa Baril, Kimberly Struthers, and Patricia Valentine-Darby Utah State University Department of Environment and Society Logan, Utah Editing and Design Kimberly Struthers May 2018 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Castle Structure and Function
    Vocabulary Castle Structure and Function Name: Date: Castle Use A Castle’s Structure: · Large and of great defensive strength · Surrounded by a wall with a fighting platform · Usually has a large, strong tower A Castle’s Function: · Fortress and military protection · Center of local government · Home of the owner, usually a king The Parts of a Castle allure: the walkway at the top of a castle wall. The allure was often shielded by a protective wall so that guards could move between towers; also called a wall-walk arcading: a series of columns and arches, built in an upside-down U shape arrow loop: a tiny vertical opening in the castle wall; a thin window used for shooting arrows at the enemy; also called a loophole or meurtriere ashlar: blocks of stone, used to build castle wa lls and towers bailey: an open, grassy area inside the walls of the castle containing farm pastures, cottages, and other buildings. Sometimes a castle had more than one bailey; also called a ward. balustrade: railing along a path or stairway barrel vault: semicircular roof made out of wood or stone bastion: a small tower on a courtyard wall or an outside wall battlement: a narrow wall built along the outer edge of the wall-walk to protect soldiers against attack boss: the middle stone in an arch; also called a keystone concentric: having two sets of walls, one inside the other cornerstone: a stone at the corner of a building uniting two intersecting walls, sometimes inscribed with the year the building was constructed; also called a quoin crosswall: a wall inside a large tower Lesson Connection: Castles and Cornerstones Copyright The Kennedy Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Título De La Ponencia
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Crossref Virtual Archaeology Review, 8(17): 31-41, 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2017.6557 © UPV, SEAV, 2015 Received: September 6, 2016 Accepted: April 13, 2017 RECREATING A MEDIEVAL URBAN SCENE WITH VIRTUAL INTELLIGENT CHARACTERS: STEPS TO CREATE THE COMPLETE SCENARIO LA RECREACIÓN DE UNA ESCENA URBANA MEDIEVAL CON PERSONAJES INTELIGENTES: PASOS PARA CREAR EL ESCENARIO COMPLETO Ana Paula Cláudioa,*, Maria Beatriz Carmoa, Alexandre Antonio de Carvalhoa, Willian Xaviera, Rui Filipe Antunesa,b a BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] b MIRALab, University of Geneva, Switzerland Abstract: From historical advice to 3D modeling and programming, the process of reconstructing cultural heritage sites populated with virtual inhabitants is lengthy and expensive, and it requires a large set of skills and tools. These constraints make it increasingly difficult, however not unattainable, for small archaeological sites to build their own simulations. In this article, we describe our attempt to minimize this scenario. We describe a framework that makes use of free tools or campus licenses and integrates the curricular work of students in academia. We present the details of methods and tools used in the pipeline of the construction of the virtual simulation of the medieval village of Mértola in the south of Portugal. We report on: a) the development of a lightweight model of the village, including houses and terrain, and b) its integration in a game engine in order to c) include a virtual population of autonomous inhabitants in a simulation running in real-time.
    [Show full text]
  • Lochranza Castle Statement of Significance
    Property in Care (PIC) ID: PIC090 Designations: Scheduled Monument (SM90206) Taken into State care: 1956 (Guardianship) Last reviewed: 2004 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE LOCHRANZA CASTLE We continually revise our Statements of Significance, so they may vary in length, format and level of detail. While every effort is made to keep them up to date, they should not be considered a definitive or final assessment of our properties. Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH © Historic Environment Scotland 2019 You may re-use this information (excluding logos and images) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open- government-licence/version/3/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this document should be sent to us at: Historic Environment Scotland Longmore House Salisbury Place Edinburgh EH9 1SH +44 (0) 131 668 8600 www.historicenvironment.scot You can download this publication from our website at www.historicenvironment.scot Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH LOCHRANZA CASTLE BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lochranza Castle occupies a low, gravelly peninsula projecting into Loch Ranza on the north coast of Arran and was constructed during the late 13th or early 14th centuries as a two-storey hall house.
    [Show full text]