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History of Dogma - Volume V Author(s): Harnack, Adolf (1851-1930) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Description: Harnack's multi-volume work is considered a monument of liberal Christian historiography. For Harnack, applying the methods of historical criticism to the Bible signified a return to true Christianity, which had become mired in unnecessary and even damaging creeds and dogmas. Seeking out what ªactually happened,º for him, was one way to strip away all but the foundations of the faith. With the History of Dogma series, Harnack sets out on this project, tracing the accumu- lation of Christianity's doctrinal systems and assumptions, particularly those inherited from Hellenistic thought. As Har- nack explains, only since the Protestant Reformation have Christians begun to cast off this corrupting inheritance, which must be entirely cast off if Christianity is to remain credible and relevant to people's lives. Rather controversially, the historian rejects the Gospel of John as authoritative on the basis of its Greek influences. Kathleen O'Bannon CCEL Staff Subjects: Doctrinal theology Doctrine and dogma i Contents Title Page 1 Volume V. 2 Prefatory Material 2 Second Part. Development of Ecclesiastical Dogma. 13 Second Book. Expansion and Remodelling of Dogma into a Doctrine of Sin, 14 Grace and means of Grace on the basis of the Church. Chapter I. Historical Situation. 15 Chapter II. Western Christianity and Western Theologians before Augustine. 23 Chapter III. The Historical Position of Augustine as Reformer of Christian 60 Piety. Chapter IV. The Historical Position of Augustine as Teacher of the Church. 86 Introduction 87 Augustine’s Doctrines of the First and Last Things. 96 2. The Donatist Controversy. The Work: De civitate Dei. Doctrine of the Church, 124 and Means of Grace. 3. The Pelagian Controversy. The Doctrine of Grace and Sin. 146 4. Augustine’s Interpretation of the Symbol (Enchiridion ad Laurentium). The New 191 System of Religion. Chapter V. History of Dogma in the West Down to the Beginning of the 205 Middle Ages (A.D. 430-604) Introduction 206 1. The Conflict between Semi-Pelagianism and Augustinianism. 210 2. Gregory the Great. 224 Chapter VI. History of Dogma in the Period of the Carlovingian Renaissance. 234 Introduction 235 1(a). The Adoptian Controversy. 239 I b. The Controversy as to Predestination. 251 ii 2. The Controversy Regarding the Filioque and Pictures. 259 3. The Development of the Practice and Theory of the Mass (the Dogma of the 265 Lord’s Supper) and of Penance. Indexes 283 Index of Scripture References 284 Greek Words and Phrases 285 Latin Words and Phrases 287 Index of Pages of the Print Edition 334 iii This PDF file is from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library, www.ccel.org. The mission of the CCEL is to make classic Christian books available to the world. • This book is available in PDF, HTML, and other formats. See http://www.ccel.org/ccel/harnack/dogma5.html. • Discuss this book online at http://www.ccel.org/node/3525. The CCEL makes CDs of classic Christian literature available around the world through the Web and through CDs. We have distributed thousands of such CDs free in developing countries. If you are in a developing country and would like to receive a free CD, please send a request by email to [email protected]. The Christian Classics Ethereal Library is a self supporting non-profit organization at Calvin College. If you wish to give of your time or money to support the CCEL, please visit http://www.ccel.org/give. This PDF file is copyrighted by the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. It may be freely copied for non-commercial purposes as long as it is not modified. All other rights are re- served. Written permission is required for commercial use. iv Title Page Title Page HISTORY OF DOGMA i BY DR. ADOLPH HARNACK VOLUME V ii 1 Volume V. PrefatoryVolume Material V. EDITORIAL NOTE. THE present volume is the first of three, which will reproduce in English the contents of Vol. III. of Harnack’s great work in the German original, third Edition. The author’s iii prefaces to the first and second Editions and to the third Edition are here translated. This volume deals with the epoch-making service of Augustine as a reformer of Christian piety and as a theological teacher, and with the influence he exercised down to the period of the Carlovingian Renaissance. The following volume will complete the history of the Develop- ment of Dogma by telling the story of Mediæval Theology. The concluding volume will treat of the Issues of Dogma in the period since the Reformation, and will contain a General Index for the whole work. A. B. BRUCE. PREFACE TO FIRST AND SECOND EDITIONS. iv There does not yet exist a recognised method for presenting the History of Dogma of v the Mediæval and more modern period. There is no agreement either as to the extent or treatment of our material, and the greatest confusion prevails as to the goal to be aimed at. The end and aim, the method and course adopted in the present Text-Book, were clearly indicated in the introduction to the first volume. I have seen no reason to make any change in carrying out the work. But however definite may be our conception of the task involved in our branch of study, the immense theological material presented by the Middle Ages, and the uncertainty as to what was Dogma at that time, make selection in many places an experiment. I may not hope that the experiment has always been successful. After a considerable pause, great activity has been shown in the study of our subject in the last two years. Benrath, Hauck, Bonwetsch, and Seeberg have published new editions of older Text-Books; Loofs has produced an excellent Guide to the History of Dogma; Kaftan has given a sketch of the study in his work on the Truth of the Christian Religion; Möller and Koffmane have devoted special attention to the sections dealing with it in their volumes on Ancient Church History. The study of these books, and many others which I have gratefully made use of, has shown me that my labours on this great subject have not remained isolated or been fruitless. The knowledge of this has outweighed many experiences which I pass over in silence. This concluding volume counts, to a greater extent than its predecessors, on the indul- gence of my learned colleagues; for its author is not a “specialist,” either in the history of the Mediæval Church or in the period of the Reformation. But the advantage possessed by 2 Prefatory Material him who comes to the Middle Ages and the Reformation with a thorough knowledge of ecclesiastical antiquity perhaps outweighs the defects of an account which does not every- where rest on a complete induction. One man can really review all the sources for the history of the Ancient Church; but as regards the Middle Ages and the history of the Reformation, vi even one more familiar with them than the author of this Text-Book will prove his wisdom simply by the most judicious choice of the material which he studies independently. The exposition of Augustine, Anselm, Thomas, the Council of Trent, Socinianism, and Luther rests throughout on independent studies. This is also true of other parts; but sections will be found in which the study is not advanced, but only its present position is reproduced. I have spent a great deal of time on the preparation of a Table of Contents. I trust it will assist the use of the book. But for the book itself, I wish that it may contribute to break down the power that really dictates in the theological conflicts of the present, viz., ignorance. We cannot, indeed, think too humbly of the importance of theological science for Christian piety; but we cannot rate it too highly as regards the development of the Evangelical Church, our relation to the past, and the preparation of that better future in which, as once in the second century, the Christian faith will again be the comfort of the weak and the strength of the strong. Berlin, 24th Dec., 1889. PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. Since this volume first appeared, there may have been published about fifty monographs and more extensive treatises on the Western History of Dogma, most of which have referred to it. I have tried to make use of them for the new Edition, and I also proposed to make other additions and corrections on the original form of the book, without finding myself compelled to carry out changes in essential points. I have thankfully studied the investiga- tions, published by Dilthey in the Archiv f. Gesch. d. Philosophie, Vols. V. to VII., on the reformed system of doctrine in its relation to Humanism and the “natural system.” He has vii examined the reformed conceptions in connections in which they have hitherto been seldom or only superficially considered, and he has, therefore, essentially advanced a knowledge of them. Among the many objections to the plan of this work, and the critical standards observed in it, four are especially of importance. It has been said that in this account the development of Dogma is judged by the gospel, but that we do not learn clearly what the gospel is. It has further been maintained that the History of Dogma is depicted as a pathological process. Again, the plan of Book III., headed “The threefold outcome of Dogma,” has been attacked. And, lastly, it has been declared that, although the account marks a scientific advance, it yet 3 Prefatory Material bears too subjective or churchly a stamp, and does not correspond to the strictest claims of historical objectivity.
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