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SVENSKA LANDSMÅL OCH SVENSKT FOLKLIV Svenska Landsmål Och Svenskt Folkliv 2008 Svenska Landsmål

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SVENSKA LANDSMÅL OCH SVENSKT FOLKLIV Svenska Landsmål Och Svenskt Folkliv 2008 Svenska Landsmål SVENSKA LANDSMÅL OCH SVENSKT FOLKLIV Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv 2008 Svenska landsmål Swedish Dialects and Folk Traditions Tidskriften Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv grundades 1878 av J. A. Lundell. och svenskt folkliv 2008 Den utkommer årligen. Följande artiklar ingår i detta nummer: Gustav Bockgård, Transkription av dialektinspelningar. Synpunkter och förslag 7 Birgit Eaker, Infinitivkonstruktioner och infinitivmärken i svenska dialekter. En granskning av Kristina Hagrens avhandling 43 Lennart Elmevik, Sv. oxel, da. aksel-, no. asal(d). Tre benämningar på träd av Sorbus-släktet 57 Tapio Honkanen, Torraka ’torr tall eller gran på rot’. Ett finskt lånord i svenskan 67 Ann-Marie Ivars, Perfektuella uttryck i sydösterbottnisk dialekt 83 Nils-Arvid Bringéus, Alexis Engdahl – Artur Hazelius’ »skaffare» och kritiker 95 Anders Huggert, En huggorm i väggen – ett medel mot väggohyra på Holmön 103 Ingvar Svanberg, Jellyfish in North European folk biology 115 Lars-Erik Edlund et al., Aktuell litteratur om svenska dialekter 125 Litteratur. Av Anne Bergman, Gerd Eklund, Gry Heggli, Mats Hellspong, Sven-Bertil Jansson, Annika Karlholm, Agneta Lilja, Ulf Palmenfelt, Håkan Rydving, Caroline Sandström, Ingvar Svanberg, Eva Thelin, Trond Trosterud och Mikael Vallström 139 2008 (334) Bidrag till tidskriften och skrifter som önskas recenserade kan sändas till redaktören Maj Reinhammar Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien Klostergatan 2 753 21 Uppsala Frågor rörande abonnemang och distribution ställs till Swedish Science Press, Box 118, 751 04 Uppsala, tfn 018-36 55 66, fax 018-36 52 77, e-post [email protected] Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien ISSN 0347-1837 för svensk folkkultur Titel 1 SVENSKA LANDSMÅL OCH SVENSKT FOLKLIV 2008 2 Förfnamn SWEDISH DIALECTS AND FOLK TRADITIONS 2008 Periodical founded 1878 by J. A. Lundell Published by THE ROYAL GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS ACADEMY FOR SWEDISH FOLK CULTURE, UPPSALA Editor: MAJ REINHAMMAR Editorial assistent: GERD EKLUND Editorial board: LARS-ERIK EDLUND, LENNART ELMEVIK, BENGT AF KLINTBERG, LARS-GUNNAR LARSSON, BIRGITTA SKARIN FRYKMAN and MATS THELANDER Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien/Swedish Science Press Titel 3 SVENSKA LANDSMÅL OCH SVENSKT FOLKLIV 2008 Tidskrift grundad 1878 av J. A. Lundell Utgiven av KUNGL. GUSTAV ADOLFS AKADEMIEN FÖR SVENSK FOLKKULTUR, UPPSALA Redaktör: MAJ REINHAMMAR Redaktionssekreterare: GERD EKLUND Redaktionsråd: LARS-ERIK EDLUND, LENNART ELMEVIK, BENGT AF KLINTBERG, LARS-GUNNAR LARSSON, BIRGITTA SKARIN FRYKMAN och MATS THELANDER Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien/Swedish Science Press 4 Förfnamn Årgång 131. H. 334 © Författarna och Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien Omslagsbild: Brännmanet sedd underifrån. Ur Carl Linnaeus Westgötha Resa, 1747. ISSN 0347-1837 Printed in Sweden by Textgruppen i Uppsala AB 2008 Titel 5 Innehåll Contents BOCKGÅRD, GUSTAV, Transkription av dialektinspelningar. Syn- punkter och förslag . 7 — Summary: Transcribing dialect recordings. Views and a proposal . 42 EAKER, BIRGIT, Infinitivkonstruktioner och infinitivmärken i svenska dialekter. En granskning av Kristina Hagrens avhandling 43 — Summary: Infinitive constructions and infinitive markers in Swedish dialects. A review of Kristina Hagren’s doctoral thesis . 55 EDLUND, LARS-ERIK et al., Aktuell litteratur om svenska dialekter . 125 ELMEVIK, LENNART, Sv. oxel, da. aksel-, no. asal(d). Tre benäm- ningar på träd av Sorbus-släktet . 57 — Summary: Sw. oxel, Da. aksel-, Norw. asal(d). Three names for trees of the genus Sorbus . 66 HONKANEN, TAPIO, Torraka ’torr tall eller gran på rot’. Ett finskt lånord i svenskan . 67 — Summary: Torraka ‘standing dry pine or spruce’. A Finnish loanword in Swedish . 82 IVARS, ANN-MARIE, Perfektuella uttryck i sydösterbottnisk dialekt . 83 — Summary: Expressions of the perfect in southern Ostrobothnian dialect . 94 BRINGÉUS, NILS-ARVID, Alexis Engdahl – Artur Hazelius’ »skaffare» och kritiker . 95 — Summary: Alexis Engdahl – Artur Hazelius’ ‘acquirer’ and critic . 101 HUGGERT, ANDERS, En huggorm i väggen – ett medel mot vägg- ohyra på Holmön . 103 — Summary: A viper in the wall – a remedy against bedbugs on Holmön . 112 SVANBERG, INGVAR, Jellyfish in Northern European folk biology . 115 — Summary . 124 Litteratur Reviews ANDERSSON, ROLAND, BONDJERS, RUNE, KNUTSSON, JOHAN OCH ANDERSSON, MARGARETA, Dalmåleri. Dalmålarna – deras liv och verk. Falun 2007. Anm. av Mats Hellspong . 146 En värld för sig själv. Nya studier i medeltida ballader. Red.: Gunilla Byrman. Växjö 2008. Anm. av Sven-Bertil Jansson . 149 Från drasut till brakknut. Studier tillägnade Gerd Eklund på 65- årsdagen den 23 oktober 2007. Uppsala 2007. Anm. av Caroline Sandström . 165 6 Förfnamn GERNET, KATHARINA, Evenen, Jäger, Rentierhirten, Fischer, Zur Geschichte eines nordostsibirischen Volkes im russischen Zarenreich. – „Kulturrevolution“ in Zentral-Kamtschatka. Die Integration der evenischen Rentiernomaden in die sowjetische Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden. 2007. Anm. av Ingvar Svanberg . 167 HENRIKSSON, BLANKA, »Var trogen i allt». Den goda kvinnan som konstruktion i svenska och finlandssvenska minnesböcker 1800– 1980. Åbo 2007. Anm. av Gry Heggli . 144 HERLITZ, GILLIS, Mors dag och Halloween. Festseder i förändring. Uppsala 2007. Anm. av Agneta Lilja . 157 HORNSTEDT, CLAS FREDRIK, Brev från Batavia: en resa till Ostindien 1782–1786. Stockholm 2008. Anm. av Ingvar Svanberg . 168 AF KLINTBERG, BENGT, Folkminnen. Stockholm 2007. Anm. av Ulf Palmenfelt . 159 LINNAEUS, CARL, Dalaresan tillsammans med bergslagsresan. Örebro 2007. Anm. av Ingvar Svanberg . 170 Masks and Mumming in the Nordic Area. Terry Gunnell (ed.). Uppsala 2007. Anm. av Anne Bergman . 139 Nordisk dialektologi og sociolingvistik. Red.: Torben Arboe. Århus 2007. Anm. av Eva Thelin . 171 Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål. Band 4 kyssa–och. Hel- singfors 2007. Anm. av Annika Karlholm . 155 RABB, VIVECA, Genuskongruens på reträtt. Variation i nominal- frasen i Kvevlaxdialekten. Åbo 2007. Anm. av Trond Trosterud . 175 RENMARCK, CARL, Plurima Lingvæ Gothicæ Rudera. Utgiven med inledning och kommentar av Maj Reinhammar. Uppsala 2008. Anm. av Gerd Eklund . 141 SKOTT, FREDRIK, Folkets minnen. Traditionsinsamling i idé och praktik 1919–1964. Göteborg 2008. Anm. av Mikael Vallström . 178 WILSON, KARIN, Markusevangeliet i Lars Rangius samiska översätt- ning från 1713. Uppsala 2008. Anm. av Håkan Rydving . 160 Författare . 183 Transkription av dialektinspelningar 7 Transkription av dialektinspelningar Synpunkter och förslag Av Gustav Bockgård Bakgrunden till den här artikeln är att jag nyligen har börjat forska inom en för mig ny disciplin: dialektologi.1 Mitt tidigare forskningsfält är den s.k. in- teraktionella lingvistiken, där man studerar hur olika språkliga strukturer ut- nyttjas i det sociala samspelet mellan människor (se vidare Ochs, Schegloff & Thompson 1996, Steensig 2001, Bockgård 2004, Anward & Nordberg 2005, Hakulinen & Selting 2005, Engdahl & Londen 2007, Lindström 2008). Som interaktionell lingvist har jag – säkert på både gott och ont – en hel del i bagaget då jag närmar mig ett dialektmaterial. Gemensamt för dialektologi och interaktionell lingvistik är att man näs- tan uteslutande studerar talat språk, låt vara att dialektologer föredrar ar- rangerade intervjuer (och annat »tillrättalagt» material) medan interaktio- nella lingvister i första hand analyserar naturligt förekommande samtal. En anledning till detta är att dialektologer är mer beroende av en god inspel- ningskvalitet; störande ljud är till men för den forskning som bedrivs. En annan orsak till att man undviker icke-arrangerade samtal är att överlappan- de tal ses som en störningsfaktor. Interaktionella lingvister intar en rakt motsatt hållning, i och med att de studerar autentiska, dialogiska samtals- mönster snarare än enskilda isolerade yttranden. Överlappningars form och sociala funktion är härvidlag ett forskningsobjekt i sig (se t.ex. Jefferson 1983, Schegloff 2000). De båda forskningsinriktningarnas gemensamma intresse för talat språk medför i alla fall att de också delar ett centralt meto- diskt problem, nämligen transkriptionen av primärmaterialet. Vid sidan av termen transkribera används skriva ut flitigt inom dialektforskningen för att beteckna samma verksamhet. Jag kommer här konsekvent att hålla mig till 1 September 2007 påbörjade jag en forskartjänst vid Svenska Akademien inriktad mot dialek- tologi. Föreliggande text utgör mitt första arbete inom ramen för denna tjänst. Jag vill tacka Niklas Norén, Cajsa Ottesjö, Mats Thelander och Jenny Öqvist för värdefulla kommentarer till en preliminär version av texten. Även den anonyme referenten förtjänar ett tack för konstruktiv kritik av mitt manus. 8 Gustav Bockgård den förra termen, för att därigenom understryka att det handlar om en sub- jektiv, tolkande och selektiv överföring från ett medium till ett annat. Syftet med denna artikel är att jämföra en traditionell dialektologisk transkription av ett samtal mellan en intervjuare och en sagesperson med min egen version av samma händelse; jag har arbetat med materialet på det sätt som jag är van vid, som om syftet vore att göra en interaktionell ling- vistisk analys av något fenomen i samtalet. Med utgångspunkt i jämförelsen mellan de båda transkriptionerna diskuterar jag vad det finns för för- res- pektive nackdelar med de båda transkriptionssätten, och i förlängningen om dialektologin har något att lära av den interaktionella lingvistiken; att jag som nybliven dialektolog har något att lära av den traditionella dialektolo- gins arbetsmetoder är så självklart att det knappt
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