Tanaok... a Bibliography for a Promising

TANOAK ... a bibliography for a promising species

Philip M. McDonald

PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range Experiment Station

FOREST SERVICE. U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE P.O. BOX 245. BERKELEY. CALIFORNIA 94701

USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAI REPORT PSW- 22 11977 McDonald, Philip M. 1977. Tanoak ... a bibliography for a promising species. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-22, 8 p., Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. Lists 177 references, including most of the available citations on tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus [Hook. & Am.] Rehd.), with major emphasis on dendrology, synecology, diseases, chemical control, seasoning, and uses of the wood.

Oxford: 176.1 Lithocarpus densifloms: (048.1) Retrieval Terms: tanoak; Lithocarpus densifloms; bibliography.

The Author PHILIP M. McDONALD is doing research on silviculture of Sierra Nevada forest types, with headquarters at Redding, California. A native of Seattle, Washington, he holds bachelor's (Washington State University, 1960) and master's (Duke University, 1961) degrees in forestry. he potential worth of tanoak (Lithocarpus den- hardwood sawlogs in eastern forests have prompted a Tsiflorus [Hook. & Arn.] Rehd.) was recognized new look at this species. as early as 1908 when sudworthl noted the "promise According to 1954 and 1968 surveys, the supply it gives of furnishing good commercial timber in a of tanoak sawtimber is 2.04 billion board feet in region particularly lacking in hardwoods." Abundant California and 1.52 billion board feet in Oregon. in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon About 58 percent of this volume is in trees larger (specifically in Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, than 20.9 inches in breast-height diameter. This high Curry, and Josephine Counties), the species extends proportion of large trees is significant because less southward in the California Coast Ranges to Santa than one-fifth of the hardwood sawtimber in the Barbara County. It grows particularly well in the United States is 15 inches in diameter or larger and of central Sierra Nevada, and is in plentiful supply in grades 1 and 2.2 Butte and Yuba Counties, in central California. Seasoning used to be a problem, but reliable tech- The wood of tanoak has several outstanding attri- niques are available now and are described extensively butes, not the least of which is appearance. Numerous in the literature. The cold soda process works well tall rays give rotary-cut veneer and flat-grain surface and produces a good pulp.3 Satisfactory offset print- lumber a striking appearance, resembling rift-sawed ing and duplicating papers have been manufactured oak. The wood is tough and hard. It has outstanding with mixtures of Douglas-fir and sulfate pulps of strength, resists denting and abrasion, machines tanoak. Recently, tanoak and other hardwood species easily, and does not split when fasteners are used. In have been mechanically chipped in the woods and addition, it takes stains and finishes well, and forms exported to Japan. The wood is ideally suited for strong joints with glues. pallets, flooring, industrial decking, and baseball bats. Ironically, native California hardwoods, and specif- It is recommended for paneling, veneer, and plywood, ically tanoak, which could provide a major opportun- and has been used for boat parts, crossties, and mine ity for increased wood and fiber production, are timbers. Suggested limitations to increased utilization scarcely utilized. Although California has a variety of are the scattered nature of the stands and the high well established hardwood industries, raw material for amount of cull material in the trees. them traditionally is imported from other sources. Recently, however, increased utilization of tanoak for 'Siegel, William C., and Clark Row. 1965. US.hardwood pulp, prohibitive costs of rail transportation from east imports grow as world supplies expand. USDA Forest Serv. to west, and the dwindling supply of high .quality Res. Paper SO-17, 25 p., Southern Forest Exp. Stn., New Orleans, La. Overholscr, James L. 1968. Oregon hardwood saw- ' Sudworth, George B. 1908. Forest trees of the Pacific timber. Forest Res. Lab. Rep. G-9,52 p., Oregon State Univ., slope. 441 p. U.S. Government Print. Off., Washington, D.C. Corvallis. INDEX

Oxford Decimal Classification Subject Reference Fogdrip ...... 107 Animal ecology ...... 157 Mutant ...... 165 Useful plants ...... 13.30.40.60. 158 Dendrology ...... 21.25.29.31.44.48.67.70. 74 75.77.78.79.80.84.90.91. 95 96. 104. 105. 116.125. 135. 145 159. 161. 170 A tecology ...... 1 1.68.129. 139 My5orrhizae ...... 163 Exceptional size ...... 8 Phenology ...... 14 Synecology ...... 24.28.32.33.58.65.76. 142. 156 172. 173. 174 Silviculture ...... 12 Coppice ...... 136 Seed ...... 26.27.49.103. 138.149. 176 Grafting ...... 102 Forage plants ...... 37. 143 Logging ...... 5 Slash disposal ...... 152 Chemical control ...... 15.34.54.66.81.89. 128. 137. 146 150. 151. 164 Diseases ...... 18. 19.20.59.69.72. 101.106. 127 141. 153. 166.171. 177 Insects ...... 53.82.83.94. 110 Tree volume ...... 16. 17.73. 175 Special measurements ...... 160 Sitequality ...... 123 Forest management ...... 1140 19. Marketing ...... 41. 144 Wood properties ...... 36.87.112. 1 13.115.124. 169 Strength ...... 117.130.132.147. 148 Machining ...... 35 Gluing ...... 23.42. 108. 109 Uses of wood ...... 2.7.55.56.71.85.92.99. 114 118. 121.122. 134 Veneer ...... 57.93. 120 Preservation of wood ...... 6 1.62. 63.64. 100 Seasoning ...... 4.6. 10.45.46.47. 50.51. 52. 131 133. 154.155. 162 Grading ...... 38.39. 86 Pulping ...... 88 Tanstuffs ...... 1.3.9.22. 126 Forest statistics ...... 97.98. 111. 168 Economic significance ...... 43. 167 Anonymous. (1) Bentley, Jay R., and Kenneth M. Estes.(15) 19 18. Tanbark oak of California yields 1965. Use of herbicides on timber plan- riches. The Timberma). 19(8):36. tations. 47 p. USDA Forest Serv., Anonymous. (2) Calif. Region, San Francisco, and 1950. Some potential sources of Pacific Southwest Forest and Range important plant products in Califor- Exp. Stn-, Berkeley. nia. Econ. Bot. 4(1):3-36. Berry, William S., and (16) Anonymous. (3) Harry V. Wiant, Jr. 1952. Ancient industry thrives on tan- 1965. Preliminary test of tree volume bark oak in California's Humboldt tarif tables for determining stand vol- County. The Timberman 53(6): ume in tanoak. Forest Res. Rep. 3, 5 82. ..92. p., Humboldt State Coll., Arcata. Anonymous. (4) Berry, W. S., and (17) 1959. Solvent seasoning shows promise H. V. Wiant, Jr. for drying redwood, tanoak. Calif. 1967. Sampling for tarif number and For. and Forest Prod. 10, p. 1. volume determination in tanoak Anonymous. (5) stands. J. For. 65(9):650-65 1. 1963. Californians pioneer tanoak. For- Bonar, Lee. (1 8) est Ind. 90(l l):66-67. 1962. Stegopezizella balsameae and Anonymous. (6) Gloeosporium balsameae. Mycologia l969a. Microwave drying revives com- 54:395-399. mercial use of tanoak. Can. Forest Bretz, T. W. (19) Ind. 89(9): 1 1. 1952. New hosts for the oak wilt Anonymous. (7) fungus, Chalara quercina. (Abstr.) l969b. Slammers-an assist by radar. Phytopathology 42(1):3. Oakland Tribune, Jan. 13, 1969. Bretz, T. W. (2 0) American Forestry Association. (8) 1955. Some additional native and exotic 1973. AFA's social register of big trees. species of Fagaceae susceptible to Am. Forests 79(4):21-47. oak wilt. Plant Dis. Rep. 39(6): Anderson, A. B., R. J. Breuer, (9) 495-497. and G. A. Nicholls. Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and (2 1) 196 1. Bonding particle boards with bark John A. Shafer. extracts. Forest Prod. J. 1 l(5): 1908. North American trees (being de- 226-227. scriptions and illustrations of the Anderson, A. B., and W. B. Fearing, Jr.(lO) trees growing independently of culti- 1960. Solvent seasoning of tanoak. vation in North America, north of Forest Prod. J. 10(5):234-238. Mexico and the West Indies). 894 p., Baker, Frederick S. (1 1) H. Holt and Co., New York. 1949. A revised tolerance table. J. For. Carr, Myra. (22) 47:179-181. 1956. Shoe trees-leather men search Baker, Frederick S. (12) the west for nature's stores of tannin. 1950. Principles of silviculture. 414 p. Pacific Discovery 9(6): 6-12. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. Carstensen, J. P. (23) Baumhoff, Martin A. (1 3) 1961. Gluing characteristics of soft- 1958. California Athabascan groups. wood veneers and secondary western Anthropol. Rec. 16(5): 157-237. hardwoods. Forest Prod. J. 1 l(7): Bawcom, R. H., R. J. Hubbell, (14) 313-315. and D. M. Burns. Castri, Francesco di, and (24) 1961. Seasonal diameter growth in trees Harold A. Mooney. on Jackson State Forest. Calif. Div. 1973. Mediterranean type ecosystems- For. Note 6,s p. origin and structure. 405 p. Springer- Verlag: New York, Heidelberg, Rep. R1727,6 p., Madison, Wis. Berlin. Davis, E. M. (36) Cater, Ruth Cooley. (25) 1962. Machining and related character- 1950. Tree trails and hobbies. 324 p. istics of United States Hardwoods. Garden City, New York. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1267, Chan, F. J. (26) 68 P. 1971. Establishment of woody plants Dayton, William A. (37) by direct seeding in California. 81 p. 1931. Important western browse plants. Univ. Calif., Davis. U.S. Dep. Agric. Misc. Pubi. 101, Chan, F. J., R. W. Harris, and (27) 213 p. A. T. Leiser. Dickinson, F. E., and (38) 1971. Direct seeding woody plants in the D. R. Prestemon. landscape. Univ. Calif. Agric. Ext. 1965. Tanoak log grades and lumber Serv. AXT-1127, 12 p. yield. Calif. For. and Forest Prod. Chaney, Ralph W. (28) 4l,4 p. 1925. Studies on the fossil flora and Dickinson, F. E., D. R. Prestemon, (39) fauna of the western United States. and W. A. Dost. 11. The Mascall Flora-its distribution 1965. Pacific madrone log grades and and climatic relation. Ca.rnegie Inst. lumber yield. Calif. For. and Forest Publ. 349, p. 25-48. Prod. 43, 5 p. Chaney, R. W., C. Condit, and (29) Dixon, Roland S. (40) D. I. Axelrod. 1907. V. The Shasta. Bull. Am. MUS. 1944. Pliocene floras of California and Nat. Hist. 17:383-507. Oregon. Carnegie Inst., Publ. 553, Dost, William A., and (41) 407 p. Walter P. Bemis. Chestnut, V. K. (30) 1966. Markets for woodland products in 1902. Plants used by the Indians of California. Calif. Agric. Serv. Rep. 5, Mendocino County, California. Con- 23 p. trib. U.S. Natl. Herb. 7(3):295-408. Dost, William A., and Carl Maxey. (42) Collingwood, G. H., and (3 1) 1964. Gluing characteristics of some Warren D. Brush. California hardwoods: black oak, 1955. Knowing your trees. 328 p. Am. chinkapin, madrone, and tanoak. For. Assoc., Washington, D.C. Calif. For. and Forest Prod. 36, 5 p. Cooper, William S. (32) Drager, Robert. (43) 1922. The broad-sclerophyll vegetation 1968. The hardwood industry in Ore- of California-an ecological study of gon. A development opportunity the chaparral and its related com- report. Oreg. State Dep. Commer. munities. Carnegie Inst. Publ. 3 19, Portland. 1 1 p. 124 p. Eliot, Willard Ayres, and (44) Critchfield, William B. G. B. McLean. 197 1. Profiles of California vegetationÃ‘ 1938. Forest trees of the Pacific Coast. USDA Forest Sew. Res. Paper PSW- 565 p. G. P. Putnarn's Sons, New 76, 55 p Pacific Southwest Forest York. and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. Ellwood, E. L. (45) Dahms, Walter G. (34) 1958. Problems and prospects in drying 1958. Chemical control of brush and California hardwoods for high- undesirable hardwoods on forest land quality use. Calif. For. and Forest of the Pacific Northwest. Weed Prod. 8,s p. Abstr. 7(12) [unpaginated] . Ellwood, E. L. (46) Davis, E. M. (35) 1962. Reconditioning-A practical 1947. Machining of madrone, California method of removing collapse and laurel, tanbark oak, and chinquapin. warp from California hardwoods. U.S. Forest Serv. Forest Prod. Lab. Calif. For. and Forest Prod. 30, 4 p. Ellwood, E. L., B. A. Ecklund, and (47) Prod. Lab. Rep. 1766-15, 12 p. Madi- E. Zavarin. son, Wis. 1960. Collapse in wood . . . exploratory Franklin, Jerry F., and (58) experiments in its prevention. Forest C. T. Dyrness. Prod. J. 10(1):8-2 1. 1969. Vegetation of Oregon and Wash- Elwes, Henry J., and (48) ington. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Augustine Henry. Paper PNW-80, 216 p. Pacific North- 1910. The trees of Great Britain and west Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Ireland. Vol. 5, p. 1331. (Privately Portland, Oreg. printed) Edinburg. Gardner, M. W., C. E. Yarwood, and (59) Emery, Dara. (49) T. Duafala. 1964. Seed propagation of native Cali- 1972. Oak mildews. Plant Dis. Rep. fornia plants. Santa Barbara Bot. 56(4):3 13-317. Gard. Leafl. l(10):81-96. Gould, R. A. (60) Erickson, R., J. Haygreen, and (50) 1975. Ecology and adaptive response R. Hossfeld. among the Tolowa Indians of north- 1966. Drying prefrozen redwood, with western California. J. Calif. limited data on other species. Forest Anthropol. 2(1): 148-157. Prod. J. 16(8):57-65. Graham, Robert D. (61) Espenas, Leif D. (5 1) 1954. Seasoning and preservative treat- 1953. The seasoning of one-inch tanoak ment of tanoak. Forest Prod. J. 4(2): lumber. Forest Res. Lab. Bull. 3, 46 92-95. p. Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis. Graham, R. D., and D. J. Miller. (62) Espenas, Leif D. (52) 1959. Service records of crossties from 1954. The seasoning of Oregon hard- various Oregon woods: Report of woods. Forest Res. Lab. Inf. Circ. 6, 1958 inspection of ties on main lines 35 p. Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis. of Southern Pacific Company. Forest (53) Res. Lab. Rep. P-5, 8 p. Oreg. State Essig, E. 0. Univ., Corvallis. 1926. Insects of Western North Amer- Graham, R. D., and D. J. Miller. (63) ica. 1035 p. New York. 1964. Service life of treated and un- Estes, Kenneth M., and (54) treated fence posts: 1963 progress David A. Blakeman. report on the post farm. Forest Res. 1970. Foliar spraying of sprouting tan- Lab. Progr. Rep. 13, 24 p. Oreg. oak plants best in late summer. State Univ., Corvallis. USDA Forest Serv, Res. Note PSW- Graham, R. D., and D. J. Miller. (64) 207, 4 p. Pacific Southwest Forest 1966. Preservation of wood for home and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. and farm. Forest Res. Lab. Rep. P-7, Fahey, D. J., and J. S. Martin. (55) 24 p. Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis. 1961. Suitability of some pacific Coast Gratkowski, H. J. (65) woods for printing papers. U.S. For- 1961a. Brush problems in southwestern est Serv. Forest Prod. Lab. Rep. Oregon. 53 p. USDA Forest Serv., 2200,37 p. Madison, Wis. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Flinn, E. S. (56) Exp. Stn., Portland, Oreg. 1947. The necessity and feasibility of Gratkowski, H. J. (66) the commercial development of the 196 1b. Use of herbicides on forest lands California tanbark oak for tannin and in southwestern Oregon. USDA For- wood pulp. Proc., Conf. Cult. Drug est Serv. Res. Note 217, 18 p. Pacific and Assoc. Econ. Plants in Calif. p. Northwest Forest and Range Exp. 168-171. Stn., Portland, Oreg. Forest Products Laboratory. (57) Green, George Rex. (67) 1959. Veneer cutting and drying proper- 1934. Trees of North America (Exclu- ties: tanoak. U.S. Forest Serv. Forest sive of Mexico). Vol. 11-The broad- leaves. 344 p. Edwards Bros., Ann Univ. Calif. 2,480 p. Arbor, Mich. Jepson, Willis Linn. (78) Griffin, James R., and (68) 1923. The trees of California. 2d ed. William B. Critchfield. 240 p. Sather Gate Bookshop, 1972. The distribution of forest trees in Berkeley. California. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Jepson, Willis Linn. (79) Paper PSW-82. (Reprinted with Sup- 1957. A manual of the flowering plants plement, 1976), 118 p. Pacific of California. 744 p. Univ. Calif. Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Press, Berkeley. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. Jepson, Willis Linn, H. S. Betts, (80) Cuba, Emil Frederick. (69) and C. D. Mell. 1961. Monograph of Monochaetia and 191 1. California tanbark oak. U.S. Dep. Pestalotia. 342 p. Harvard Univ. Agric., Agric. Bull. 75,34 p. Press, Cambridge. Kay, B. L., 0. A. Leonard, and (8 1) Harlow, William M., and (70) J. E. Street. Ellwood S. Harrar. 1961. Control of madrone and tanoak 1950. Textbook of dendrology covering stump sprouting. Weeds 9:369-373. the important forest trees of the Keen, F. P. (82) United States and Canada. 3d ed. 1952. Insect enemies of western for- 555 p. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New ests. U.S. Dep. Agric. Misc. Publ. York. 273,280 p. Heebink, T. B. (7 1) Keen, F. P. (83) 1965. Suitability of seven West Coast 1958. Cone and seed insects of western species for pallets. USDA Forest forest trees. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Serv. Res. Paper FPL-22, 15 p. For- Bull. 1 169, 168 p. est Prod. Lab., Madison, Wis. Kellogg, Albert. (84) Hepting, George H. (72) 1882. Forest trees of California. 148 p. 197 1. Diseases of forest and shade trees State Print. Off., Sacramento. of the United States. U.S. Dep. Kidder, Monroe C., and (85) Agric., Agric. Handb. 386:226-227. William H. Finney. Hornibrook, E. M., R. W. Larson, (73) 1947. California tanbark oak-its imme- J. J. Van Akkeren, and A. A. Hasel. diate availability and possibilities as a 1950. Board-foot and cubic-foot volume source of tanning and wood pulp. tables for some California hard- Proc. Conf. Cult. Drug and Assoc. woods. US. Forest Serv. Calif. For- Econ. Plants in Calif. p. 149-152. est and Range Exp. Stn. Res. Note Kimmey, James W. (86) 67,3 1 p., Berkeley, Calif. 1950. Cull factors for forest-tree species Howell, John Thomas. (74) in northwestern California. U.S. For- 1949. Marin flora. 323 p. Univ. Calif. est Serv. Calif. Forest and Range Press, Berkeley. Exp. Stn. Surv. Release 7, 30 p. Jensen, Herbert A. (75) Berkeley, Calif. 1939. Vegetation types and forest con- Kurth, E. F. (87) ditions of the Santa Cruz Mountains 1950. The chemical analysis of western unit of California. U.S. Forest Serv. woods. Part 111. Tappi 33(10): Calif. Forest and Range Exp. Stn. 507-508. Surv. Release 1, 55 p. Berkeley, Laundrie, J. F. (88) Calif. 1959. Continuous cold soda pulping of Jensen, Herbert A. (76) West Coast red alder, tanoak, 1947. A system for classifying vegeta- madrone, and bigleaf maple. U.S. tion in California. Calif. Fish and Forest Serv. Forest Prod. Lab. Rep. Game 33(4): 199-266. 2162, 12 p. Madison, Wis. Jepson, Willis Linn. (77) Leonard, 0. A., and W. A. Harvey. (89) 1910. The silva of California. Mem. 1965. Chemical control of woody plants. Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. Lab. Rep. P-3, 13 p. Oreg. State 812,25 p. Univ., Corvallis. Little, Elbert L., Jr. (90) Miller,VeraM.,andLeeBonar. (101) 1953. Check list of native and natural- 1941. A study of the Perisporiaceae, ized trees of the United States (in- Capnodiaceae, and some other sooty cluding Alaska). U.S. Dep. Agric., molds from California. Univ. Calif. Agric. Handb. 41,472 p. Publ. in Bot. 19(12):405-427. Lyons, C. P. (91) Mirov, N. T., and W. C. Cumming. (102) 1952. Trees, shrubs, and flowers to 1945. Propagation of cork oak by graft- know in British Columbia. 168 p. ing. J. For. 43:589-591. J. M. Dent and Sons, Vancouver, Mirov, N. T., and C. J. Kraebel. (103) B.C. 1937. Collecting and propagating the Mast, Fred R. (92) seeds of California wild plants. U.S. 1968. Tanoak utilization story: new ap- Forest Sew. Calif. Forest and Range plications pay off. Forest Ind. 95(9): Exp. Stn. Res. Note 18, 27 p., 31-33. Berkeley, Calif. May, Richard H. (93) Munns, E. N. (104) 1958. Development of the veneer and 1938. The distribution of important for- plywood industry in California. U.S. est trees of the United States. U.S. Forest Serv. Calif. Forest and Range Dep. Agric. Misc. Publ. 287, 176 p. Exp. Stn. Forest Surv. Release 34, 26 Munz, Philip A. (105) p. Berkeley. 1959. A California flora. 1681 p. Univ. McKenzie, Howard L. (94) Calif. Press, Berkeley. 1956. The armored scale insects of Cali- Neinhaus, F., and C. E. Yarwood. (106) fornia. Calif. Insect Surv. Bull. 1972. Transmission of virus from oak 5: 1-209. leaves fractionated with Sephadex. McMinn, Howard E. (95) Phytopathology 62(3):3 13-315. 195 1. A11 illustrated manual of Cali- Oberlander, G. T. (107) fornia shrubs. 663 p. Univ. Calif. 1956. Summer fog precipitation of the Press, Berkeley. San Francisco peninsula. Ecology McMinn, Howard E., and (96) 37(4):85 1-852. Evelyn Maine. Olson, W. Z. (1 08) 1935. An illustrated manual of Pacific 1949. Some tests on the gluing charac- Coast trees. 409 p. Univ. Calif. Press, teristics of four West Coast hard- Berkeley. woods: chinquapin, tanoak, Califor- Metcalf, Melvin E. (97) nia laurel, and madrone. Calif. Lum- 1965. Hardwood timber resources of ber Merchant 27(24):48-52. the Douglas-fir subregion. USDA Olson, W. Z. (109) Forest Serv. Resour. Bull. PNW-11, 195 5. Gluing characteristics of chinqua- 12 p. Pacific Northwest Forest and pin, tanoak, California laurel, ma- Range Exp. Stn., Portland, Oreg. drone. US. Forest Serv. Forest Prod. Metcalf, M. E., and J. W. Hazard. (98) Lab. Rep. 2030,7 p. 1964. Forest statistics for southwest Opler, Paul A. (1 10) Oregon. USDA Forest Serv. Resour. 1974. Oaks as evolutionary islands for Bull. PNW-8, 32 p. Pacific Northwest leaf-mining insects. Am. Sci. 62:67- Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Port- 73. land, Oreg. Oswald, Daniel D., and (1 11) Miller, D. J. (99) '6. M. Hornibrook. 1961. Oregon woods for crossties. For- 1966. Commercial forest area and tim- est Prod. J. 11(12):579-582. ber volume in California, 1963. Miller, D. J., and R. D. Graham. (100) USDA Forest Serv, Resour. Bull. 1957. Seasoning and preservative treat- PSW-4, 16 p. Pacific Southwest For- ment of tanoak lumber. Forest Rcs. est and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley. Overholser, James L. (1 12) Prestemon, D. R. (124) 1968. Oregon hardwood sawtimber. 1967. Variation in heart stain and den- Forest Res. Lab. Rep. G-9, 52 p. sity in tanoak. Forest Prod. J. 17(7): Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis. 3341. Panshin, A. J., Carl De Zeeuw, and (1 13) Preston, Richard J., Jr. (125) H. P. Brown. 1948. North American trees (Exclusive 1964. Textbook of wood technology. of Mexico and tropical United 2d ed. vol. 1, 643 p. McGraw-Hill States). 371 p. Iowa State Coll. Book Co., New York. Press, Ames. Paul, Benson H. (1 14) Proctor, P. B. (1 26) 1962. Choose the right wood. Proper- 1949. Waxes and tannin from Douglas- ties and uses of some western hard- fir bark. Off. Nav. Res. U.S.A. 4 p. woods. Woodworking Dig. 64(3): Raabe, Robert D. (127) 4749. 1967. Plants resistant or susceptible to Paul, Benson H., Alfred W. Dohr, (1 15) Armillaria root rot. Univ. Calif. and John T. Drow. Agric. Ext. Serv. AXT-6, 6 p. 1955. Specific gravity, shrinkage, and Radosevich, S. R., P. C. Passof, (128) strength of tanoak. U.S. Forest Serv. and 0. A. Leonard. Forest Prod. Lab. Rep. 2041, 8 p., 1976. Douglas-fir release from tanoak Madison, Wis. and Pacific madrone competition. Peattie, Donald Culross. (1 16) Weed Sci. 24: 144-145. 1953. A natural history of western Radtke, Leonard B. (129) trees. 75 1 p. Houghton Mifflin Co., 1937. Shall we destroy the tanoaks of Boston. the Hoopa Indian Reservation in Pfeiffer, J. R. (1 17) northern California. U.S. Indian Serv. 1953a. Basic data for Oregon hard- Hoopa, 25 p. woods. Forest Prod. Lab. Rep. G-2, Randall, C. A. (130) 40 p., Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis. 1956. Strength and related properties of Pfeiffer, J. R. (1 18) tanoak. J. For. 54(7):458-462. 1953b. Western hardwoods-a promising Rasmussen, Edmund F. (131) industry. Nat. Hardwood Mag. 27: 196 1. Dry kiln operators manual. U.S. 4345,51. Dep. Agric .,Agric. Handb. 188, 197 p. Pfeiffer, Jack R. (1 19) 1956. The case for northwest hard- Resch, Helmuth. (132) woods. Pacific Coast Hardwoods. 1964. Steam bending characteristics of March issue. p. 10-1 1. five California hardwoods. Calif. For. Pfeiffer, J. R. (120) and Forest Prod. 37,s p. 1957. Oregon hardwood plywood. For- Resch, Helmuth, B. A. Ecklund, and (133) est Prod. Lab. Inf. Circ. 10, 32 p., D. R. Prestemon. Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis. 1963. Tanoak drying program and Pfeiffer, Jack R. (121) shrinkage characteristics. Calif. Agric. 1960. Northwest hardwood industry. 17(10): 12-14. The Lumberman 87(3):44-45. Robinson, Dan D. (134) Poletika, N. V. ( 122) 1948. Utilization of Oregon hardwoods. 1965. First volume utilization of Cali- Sch. For. Inf. Circ. 2, 22 p. Oreg. fornia hardwoods. Forest Prod. J. State Univ., Corvallis.

, 15(2):61-63. Ross, Charles R. (135) Porter, Dennis R., and (123) 1967. Trees to know in Oregon. Ext. Harry V. Wiant, Jr. Bull. 697, 96 p. Oreg. State Univ., 1965 Site index equations for tanoak, Corvallis. Pacific madrone, and red alder in the Roy, D. F. (136) redwood region of Humboldt Coun- 1955. Hardwood sprout measurements ty, California. J. For. 63:286-287. in northwestern California. U.S. For- est Serv. Calif. Forest and Range Schniewind, A'. P. (1 47) Exp. Stn. Res. Note 95, 6 p., 1958. The strength and related proper- Berkeley. ties of tanoak. I. General description 414. Roy, D. F. (137) and strength properties in the green 1956. Killing tanoak in northwestern condition. Calif. For. and Forest California. U.S. Forest Serv. Calif. Prod. 7,4 p. Forest and Range Exp. Stn. Res. Schniewind, A. P. (1 48) Note 106,9 p., Berkeley. 1960. The strength and related proper- 232.3 Roy, D. F. (138) ties of tanoak. 11. Shrinkage and 1957a. A record of tanoak acorn and strength in the air-dry condition. seedling production in northwestern Calif. For. and Forest Prod. 22, 4 p. California. U.S. Forest Serv. Calif. Schopmeyer, C. S., tech. coord. (149) Forest and Range Exp. Stn. Res. 1974. Seeds of woody plants in the Note 124,6 p., Berkeley. United States. US. Dep. Agric., 181. . R0y.D. F. (139) Agric. Handb. 450,883 p. 1957b. Silvical characteristics of tanoak. Schubert, G. H. (150) U.S. Forest Serv. Calif. Forest and 1950. Control of sprouting of tanoak Range Exp. Stn. Tech. Paper 22, 21 and madrone stumps. U.S. Forest p., Berkeley, Calif. Serv. Calif. Forest and Range Exp. ^RO~,Douglass F. (1 40) Stn. Res. Note 74, 2 p. Berkeley, 1962. California hardwoods: Manage- Calif. ment practices and problems. J. For. Schubert, Gilbert H. (151) 60: 184-186. 1962. Chemicals for brush control in Rushdi, M., and W. F. Jeffers. (141) California reforestation. U.S. Forest 1956. Effect of some soil factors on Serv. Pacific Southwest Forest and efficiency of fungicides in controlling Range Exp. Stn. Misc. Paper 73, 14 Rkizoctonia solani. Phytopathology p., Berkeley, Calif. 46(2):88-90. Scott, Norman C. (152) Sarnpson, Arthur W. (1 42) 1964. Moisture patterns in Douglas-fir 1944. Plant succession on burned chap- and tanoak slash. USDA Forest Sew. arral lands in northern California. Res. Note PSW-55, 5 p. Pacific Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 685, 144 Southwest Forest and Range Exp. p., Berkeley. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. Sampson, Arthur W., and (1 43) Shaw, Charles Gardner. (153) Beryl S. Jespersen. 1958. Host fungus index for the Pacific 1963. California range brushlands and Northwest. I. Hosts. Wash. Agric. browse plants. Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Exp. Stn. Circ. 335, 127 p. Man. 33, 162 p. Smith, H. H. (1 54) Sander, G. H. (144) 1954. Seasoning California hardwoods. 1958. Oregon hardwoods: Management, U.S. Forest Serv. Calif. Forest and marketing, manufacture. Ext. Bull. Range Exp. Stn. Tech. Paper 5, 18 775, 16 p. Oreg. State Univ., p., Berkeley, Calif. Corvallis. Smith, Harvey H. (155) Sargent, Charles Sprague. (145) 1956. Improved utilization of western 1922. Manual of the trees of North hardwoods by modem drying. Forest America (Exclusive of Mexico). 2d Prod. J. 6: 121-124. ed. 910 p. Houghton Mifflin Co., Society of American Foresters. (156) Boston. 1954. Forest cover types of North Schieferstein, R. H. (1 46) America. 67 p. Soc. Am. For., Wash- 1962. Undesirable woody weeds. Res. ington, D.C. Progr. Rep. West. Weed Control Stienecker, Walter, and (157) Conf. p. 12-26. March 20-22, Las Bruce M. Browning. Vegas, Nev. 1970. Food habits of the western gray squirrel. Calif. Fish and Game 56(1): U.S. Forest Service. (168) 3 6-48. 1954. Forest statistics for California. 166.1 Stuhr, Ernst T. (158) U.S. Forest Serv. Calif. Forest and 1933. Manual of Pacific Coast drug Range Exp. Stn. Forest Surv. Release plants. 189 p. Lancaster, Pa. 25,66 p., Berkeley. Sudworth, George B. (159) U.S. Forest Service. (169) 1908. Forest trees of the Pacific slope. 1955. Wood handbook. U.S. Dep. 441 p. U.S. Gov. Print. Off., Wash- Agric., Agric. Handb. 72,528 p. ington, D.C. Van Dersal, William R. (170) Sundahl, William E. (1 60) 1938. Native woody plants of the 1966. Crown and tree weights of ma- United States, their erosion-control drone, black oak and tanoak. USDA and wildlife values. U.S. Dep. Agric. Forest Serv. Res. Note PSW-101,4 p. Misc. Publ. 303,362 p. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Wagener, Willis W. (171) Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. 1963. Judging hazard from native trees Thomas, J. H. (161) in California recreational areas: a 1961. Flora of the Santa Cruz Moun- guide for professional foresters. tains of California, a manual of the USDA Forest Serv. Res. Paper PSW- vascular plants. 434 p. Stanford PI, 29 p. Pacific Southwest Forest Univ. Press, Palo Alto, Calif. and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley. Waring, R. H. (172) Torgeson, 0. W. (162) 1969. Forest plants of the eastern 1950. Kiln-drying schedules for 1-inch Siskiyous: their environmental and laurel, madrone, tanoak, and chin- vegetational distribution. Northwest quapin. U.S. Forest Serv. Forest Sci. 43(l): 1-17. Prod. Lab. Rep. R1684,24 p. Whittaker, R. H. (173) 181.351 Trappe, James M. (163) 1954. The ecology of serpentine soils. 1960. Some probable mycorrhizal asso- IV. The vegetational response to ser- ciations in the Pacific Northwest. 11. pentine soils. Ecology 35(2): Northwest Sci. 34: 113-117. 275-288. Tschirley, Fred H. (164) Whittaker, R. H. (174) 1957. Undesirable woody plants. Res. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Moun- Progr. Rep. 17th Ann. West. Weed tains, Oregon and California. Ecol. Control Conf. p. 41-50, March 20-21, Monogr. 39:279-338. Boise, Idaho. Wiant, Harry V., Jr., and (175) Tucker, John M., William E. Sundahl, (165) William S. Berry. and Dale 0.Hall. 1965. Cubic-foot volume and tarif ac- 1969. A mutant of Lithocarpus densi- cess tables for tanoak in Humboldt florus. Madroiio 2O(4): 22'1-225. County, California. Div. Nat. Resour. U.S. Department of Agriculture. (166) For. Rep. 2, 10 p. Humboldt State 1960. Index of plant diseases in the Coll., Arcata. United States. U.S. Dep. Agric., Wolf, C. B. (176) Agric. Handb. 165,531 p. 1945. California wild tree crops. Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard., Calif., U.S. Department of Commerce. (167) Santa Ana Canyon. 68 p. 1968. The Hoopa Valley Reservation Yarwood, C. E., and M. W. Gardner. (177) hardwood study report. Econ. Devel. 1972. Powdery mildews favored by agri- Admin. 162 p. culture. Phytopathology 62(7):799. The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture . . . Conducts forest and range research at more than 75 locations from Puerto Rico to Alaska and Hawaii. . . . Participates with all State forestry agencies in cooperative programs to protect and im- prove the Nation's 395 million acres of State, local, and private forest lands. . . . Manages and protects the 187-million-acre National Forest System for sustained yield of its many products and services.

The Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station represents the research branch of the Forest Service in California and Hawaii