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Federal Railroad Administration, DOT Pt. 230

Willful viola- Section Violation tion

229.139 Servicing requirements: (a) Lead occupied unit not sanitary ...... 2,500 5,000 (b) Components not present/operating ...... 2,500 5,000 (c) Occupied unit in switching, transfer service, in trailing position not sanitary ...... 2,500 5,000 (d) Defective unit used more than 10 days ...... 2,500 5,000 (e) Failure to repair defective modesty lock ...... 1,000 2,000 1 A penalty may be assessed against an individual only for a willful violation. Generally, when two or more violations of these regulations are discovered with respect to a single locomotive that is used by a railroad, the appropriate penalties set forth above are aggregated up to a maximum of $10,000 per day. However, a failure to perform, with respect to a particular locomotive, any of the inspections and tests required under subpart B of this part will be treated as a violation separate and distinct from, and in addition to, any substantive violative conditions found on that locomotive. Moreover, the Administrator reserves the right to as- sess a penalty of up to $22,000 for any violation where circumstances warrant. See 49 CFR part 209, appendix A. Failure to observe any condition for movement set forth in § 229.9 will deprive the railroad of the benefit of the movement-for- repair provision and make the railroad and any responsible individuals liable for penalty under the particular regulatory section(s) concerning the substantive defect(s) present on the locomotive at the time of movement. Failure to comply with § 229.19 will re- sult in the lapse of any affected waiver.

[53 FR 52931, Dec. 29, 1988, as amended at 58 FR 36615, July 8, 1993; 61 FR 8888, Mar. 6, 1996; 63 FR 11622, Mar. 10, 199867 FR 16052, Apr. 4, 2002]

APPENDIX C TO PART 229—FRA LOCO- 230.20 Alteration and repair report for MOTIVE STANDARDS—CODE OF DE- . FECTS 230.21 Steam locomotive number change. 230.22 Accident reports.

EDITORIAL NOTE: Appendix C, published at Subpart B—Boilers and Appurtenances 45 FR 21121, Mar. 31, 1980, as part of the origi- nal document, is not carried in the CFR. 230.23 Responsibility for general construc- tion and safe working pressure.

PART 230—STEAM LOCOMOTIVE ALLOWABLE STRESS INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 230.24 Maximum allowable stress. STANDARDS 230.25 Maximum allowable stress on stays and braces. Subpart A—General STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Sec. 230.26 Tensile strength of shell plates. 230.1 Purpose and scope. 230.27 Maximum shearing strength of rivets. 230.2 Applicability. 230.28 Higher shearing strength of rivets. 230.3 Implementation. 230.4 Penalties. INSPECTION AND REPAIR 230.5 Preemptive effect. 230.6 Waivers. 230.29 Inspection and repair. 230.7 Responsibility for compliance. 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers. 230.8 Definitions. 230.31 Flues to be removed. 230.9 Information collection. 230.32 Time and method of inspection. 230.10 [Reserved] 230.33 Welded repairs and alterations. 230.34 Riveted repairs and alterations. GENERAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS PRESSURE TESTING OF BOILERS 230.11 Repair of non-complying conditions. 230.12 Movement of non-complying steam 230.35 Pressure testing. locomotives. 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers. 230.13 Daily inspection. 230.37 Steam test following repairs or alter- 230.14 Thirty-one (31) service day inspec- ations. tion. STAYBOLTS 230.15 Ninety-two (92) service day inspec- tion. 230.38 Telltale holes. 230.16 Annual inspection. 230.39 Broken staybolts. 230.17 One thousand four hundred seventy- 230.40 Time and method of staybolt testing. two (1472) service day inspection. 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps.

RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS STEAM GAUGES 230.18 Service days. 230.42 Location of gauges. 230.19 Posting of FRA Form No. 1 and FRA 230.43 Gauge siphon. Form No. 3. 230.44 Time of testing.

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230.45 Method of testing. 230.78 Leakage. 230.46 Badge plates. 230.79 Train signal system. 230.47 number. CABS, WARNING SIGNALS, SANDERS AND SAFETY RELIEF LIGHTS 230.48 Number and capacity. 230.80 Cabs. 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves. 230.81 Cab aprons. 230.50 Time of testing. 230.82 Fire doors. 230.83 cocks. WATER GLASSES AND GAUGE COCKS 230.84 Sanders. 230.85 Audible warning device. 230.51 Number and location. 230.86 Required illumination. 230.52 Water glass valves. 230.87 Cab lights. 230.53 Time of cleaning. 230.54 Testing and maintenance. THROTTLES AND 230.55 Tubular type water and lubricator glasses and shields. 230.88 Throttles. 230.56 Water glass lamps. 230.89 Reverse gear.

INJECTORS, FEEDWATER , AND FLUE DRAW GEAR AND DRAFT SYSTEMS PLUGS 230.90 Draw gear between locomotive and 230.57 and feedwater pumps. tender. 230.58 Flue plugs. 230.91 Chafing irons. 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. FUSIBLE PLUGS DRIVING GEAR 230.59 Fusible plugs. 230.93 and rods. WASHING BOILERS 230.94 . 230.95 Guides. 230.60 Time of washing. 230.96 Main, side, and motion rods. 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, 230.97 pins. circulators and thermic siphons. RUNNING GEAR STEAM PIPES 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine truck 230.62 Dry pipe. axles. 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure 230.99 Tender truck axles. parts. 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles and journals. STEAM LEAKS 230.101 Steam locomotive driving journal 230.64 Leaks under lagging. boxes. 230.65 Steam blocking view of engine crew. 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes. 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes. Subpart C—Steam Locomotives and 230.104 Driving box shoes and wedges. Tenders 230.105 Lateral motion. 230.66 Design, construction, and mainte- TRUCKS, FRAMES AND EQUALIZING SYSTEM nance. 230.106 Steam locomotive frame. 230.67 Responsibility for inspection and re- 230.107 Tender frame and body. pairs. 230.108 Steam locomotive leading and trail- ing trucks. SPEED INDICATORS 230.109 Tender trucks. 230.68 Speed indicators. 230.110 Pilots. 230.111 Spring rigging. ASH PANS WHEELS AND TIRES 230.69 Ash pans. 230.112 Wheels and tires. BRAKE AND SIGNAL EQUIPMENT 230.113 Wheels and tire defects. 230.70 Safe condition. 230.114 Wheel centers. 230.71 Orifice testing of compressors. STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TANKS 230.72 Testing main reservoirs. 230.73 Air gauges. 230.115 Feed water tanks. 230.74 Time of cleaning. 230.116 Oil tanks. 230.75 Stenciling dates of tests and clean- APPENDIX A TO PART 230—INSPECTION RE- ing. QUIREMENTS 230.76 Piston travel. APPENDIX B TO PART 230—DIAGRAMS AND 230.77 Foundation brake gear. DRAWINGS

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APPENDIX C TO PART 230—FRA INSPECTION (iv) A common corridor with another FORMS railroad, i.e., its operations are con- APPENDIX D TO PART 230—CIVIL PENALTY ducted within 30 feet of those of any SCHEDULE other railroad. AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 20103, 20701, 20702; 49 (c) See appendix A of part 209 for a CFR 1.49. current statement of the FRA’s policy SOURCE: 64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, unless on its exercise of jurisdiction. otherwise noted. § 230.3 Implementation. Subpart A—General Except as provided in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, the loco- § 230.1 Purpose and scope. motive owner and/or operator shall per- This part prescribes minimum Fed- form a 1472 service day inspection that eral safety standards for all steam-pro- meets the requirements of § 230.17 when pelled locomotives operated on rail- the locomotive’s flues would be re- roads to which this part applies. This quired to be removed pursuant to part does not restrict a railroad from § 230.10, of the regulations in effect adopting and enforcing additional or prior to January 18, 2000. (See 49 CFR more stringent requirements not in- parts 200–999, revised October 1, 1978) At consistent with this part. the time the locomotive owner and/or operator completes this inspection, it § 230.2 Applicability. must begin to comply with the rest of (a) Except as provided in paragraph the provisions of this part. Up until (b) of this section, this part applies to such time, and except as provided in all railroads that operate steam loco- paragraphs (a) through (c) of this sec- motives. tion, compliance with the regulations (b) This part does not apply to: in effect prior to January 18, 2000 (See (1) A railroad with track gage of less 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised October 1, than 24 inches; 1978) will constitute full compliance (2) A railroad that operates exclu- with this part. Any interested person sively freight trains and does so only may obtain the October 1, 1978 revision on track inside an installation that is of 49 CFR part s 200–999 by contacting not part of the general system of trans- the Federal Railroad Administration, portation; Office of Chief Counsel, 400 7th Street, (3) Rapid transit operations in an SW, Washington, DC 20590. urban area that are not connected to (a) One year after January 18, 2000. the general system of transportation; The following sections of this part or must be complied with by January 18, (4) A railroad that operates passenger 2001: §§ 230.7, 230.51, 230.57, 230.68, 230.70, trains and does so only on track inside 230.85, 230.87, 230.115, and 230.116. an installation that is insular, i.e., its (b) Interim flue removal extensions. operations are limited to a separate en- FRA will continue to consider requests clave in such a way that there is no for flue removal extensions under the reasonable expectation that the safety provisions of § 230.10 of the regulations of the public—except a business guest, a licensee of the railroad or an affili- in effect prior to January 18, 2000 (See ated entity, or a trespasser—would be 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised October 1, affected by the operation. An operation 1978) until January 18, 2002. will not be considered insular if one or (c) Petition for special consideration. more of the following exists on its line: The locomotive owner or operator may (i) A public highway-rail crossing petition FRA for special consideration that is in use; of this part’s implementation with re- (ii) An at-grade rail crossing that is spect to any locomotive that has either in use; fully or partially satisfied the require- (iii) A bridge over a public road or ments of § 230.17 within the three (3) waters used for commercial navigation; year period prior to September 25, or 1998—provided the locomotive is in full

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compliance with § 230.17 by the time the rules in effect prior to January 18, the petition is actually filed.1 2000 (See 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised (1) Petition process. Petitions must be October 1, 1978) will be allowed to re- filed by January 18, 2001 and must be main in service without conducting the accompanied by all relevant docu- required inspection under § 230.17 for an mentation to be considered, including a additional six months, or until they re- FRA Form No. 4 (see appendix C of this ceive FRA’s decision, whichever occurs part) that has been calculated in ac- first. cordance with § 230.17, and all records that demonstrate the number of days § 230.4 Penalties. the locomotive has been in service. (a) Any person who violates any re- Based upon the documentation pro- quirement of this part or causes the vided, FRA will calculate the number violation of any such requirement is of ‘‘service days’’ the locomotive has subject to a civil penalty of at least accrued and will notify the petitioner $500 and not more than $11,000 per vio- of the number of service days that re- lation, except that: Penalties may be main in the locomotive’s 1472 service assessed against individuals only for day cycle. Petitions should be sent to willful violations, and, where a grossly FRA by some form of registered mail negligent violation or a pattern of re- to ensure a record of delivery. FRA will peated violations has created an immi- investigate these petitions and will re- nent hazard of death or injury to per- spond to these petitions within one sons, or has caused death or injury, a year of their receipt. FRA will send its penalty not to exceed $22,000 per viola- response by some form of registered tion may be assessed. Each day a viola- mail to ensure that a record of delivery tion continues shall constitute a sepa- is created. In its response, FRA may rate offense. See appendix A of part 209 grant the petition or deny it. If FRA for a statement of agency civil penalty grants the petition, the entirety of the policy. revised requirements will become effec- (b) Any person who knowingly and tive upon receipt of FRA’s response, willfully falsifies a record or report re- unless FRA’s response indicates other- quired by this part may be subject to wise. If FRA denies the petition, the criminal penalties under 49 U.S.C. rule will become effective as provided 21311. in the first paragraph of this section. (2) FRA silence. Anyone who does not § 230.5 Preemptive effect. receive a response within one year of the date they filed their petition, The Locomotive Boiler Inspection whether through administrative or Act (49 U.S.C. 20701–20703) preempts all postal error, must notify FRA that the State laws or regulations concerning response has not been received. The no- locomotive safety. Napier v. Atlantic tification should be provided to FRA Coast Line R.R., 272 U.S. 605 (1926). How- by some form of registered mail to en- ever, FRA believes Congress did not in- sure a record of delivery. Upon receipt tend to preempt State laws or regula- of this notification, FRA will ensure tions concerning rail operations over that a response is either issued, or re- which FRA does not exercise jurisdic- issued, as soon as possible. In the in- tion. Therefore, in issuing this part, it terim, however, any operator who is at is FRA’s intent that State laws or reg- the end of their inspection cycle under ulations applicable to those rail oper- ations to which this part does not apply (i.e., insular tourist operations) 1 NOTE: As an example, where a locomotive has received a proper boiler inspection after not be preempted. September 25, 1995 pursuant to §§ 230.10 and 230.11 of the regulations in effect prior to § 230.6 Waivers. January 18, 2000 but has not had its FRA (a) A person subject to a requirement Form No. 4 updated, the locomotive owner or of this part may petition the Adminis- operator may update and verify the FRA Form No. 4 for that locomotive, and submit trator of FRA for a waiver of compli- a timely petition that requests retroactive ance with such requirement. The filing credit for the boiler inspection. (See 49 CFR of such a petition does not affect that parts 200–999, revised October 1, 1978.) person’s responsibility for compliance

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with that requirement while the peti- § 230.8 Definitions. tion is being considered. As used in this part, the terms listed (b) Each petition for waiver under in this section have the following defi- this section must be filed in the man- nitions: ner and contain the information re- Administrator. The Administrator of quired by part 211 of this chapter. the Federal Railroad Administration or (c) If the Administrator finds that a the Administrator’s delegate. waiver of compliance is in the public Alteration. Any change to the boiler interest and is consistent with railroad which affects its pressure retention ca- safety, the Administrator may grant pability. Rating changes are considered the waiver subject to any conditions alterations. the Administrator deems necessary. ANSI. American National Standards Where a waiver is granted, the Admin- Institute. istrator publishes a notice containing API. American Petroleum Institute. the reasons for granting the waiver. ASME. American Society of Mechan- (d) All waivers of every form and ical Engineers. type from any requirement of any Boiler surfaces. The boiler interior is order or regulation implementing the all the space inside a boiler occupied Locomotive Boiler Inspection Act, 36 by water or steam under pressure, and Stat. 913, as amended, 49 U.S.C. 20702, all associated surfaces inside that applicable to one or more steam loco- space exposed to that water and steam. motives, shall lapse on January 18, 2000 The boiler exterior is the opposite sur- unless a copy of the grant of waiver is face of all components directly exposed filed for reassessment prior to that to the boiler interior. This includes the date with the Office of Safety, Federal fire side of the sheets. Railroad Administration, 400 Seventh Break. A fracture resulting in com- Street, Washington, DC 20590. FRA will plete separation into parts. review the waiver and notify the appli- Code of original construction. The cant whether the waiver has been con- manufacturer’s or industry code in ef- tinued. fect when the boiler was constructed. If the exact code is not known, the clos- § 230.7 Responsibility for compliance. est contemporary code may be used (a) The locomotive owner and/or op- provided it does not pre-date the con- erator is directly responsible for ensur- struction date of the boiler. ing that all requirements of this part Crack. A fracture without complete are satisfied, and is the entity pri- separation into parts, except that cast- marily responsible for compliance with ings with shrinkage cracks or hot tears this part. that do not significantly diminish the (b) Although the duties imposed by strength of the member are not consid- this part are generally stated in terms ered to be cracked. of the duties of a railroad or a steam Dead locomotive. A locomotive unable locomotive owner and/or operator, any to produce tractive effort. person, including a contractor for a Fire. Anything that produces prod- railroad, who performs any function ucts of combustion that heat transfer- covered by this part must perform that ring components of the locomotive are function in accordance with this part. exposed to. (c) Chapter 207 of Title 49 of the FRA. The Federal Railroad Adminis- United States Codes makes it unlawful tration. for any railroad to use or permit to be Locomotive operator. Person or entity used on its line any steam locomotive which operates, but which does not or tender unless the entire steam loco- necessarily own, one or more steam lo- motive or tender and its parts and ap- comotives. This term means, for pur- purtenances are in proper condition poses of inspection and maintenance and safe to operate in the service to responsibility, the entity responsible which they are put, without unneces- for the day-to-day operation of the sary danger of personal injury and have steam locomotive, or the delegate been inspected and tested as required thereof. This entity may be a railroad by this part. or a person or persons who operate a

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steam locomotive under contract for a Serious injury. An injury that results railroad. in the amputation of any appendage, Locomotive owner. Person or entity the loss of sight in an eye, the fracture which owns, but which does not nec- of a bone, or the confinement in a hos- essarily operate, one or more steam lo- pital for a period of more than 24 con- comotives that is operated on a rail- secutive hours. road to which this part applies. For Service day. Any calendar day that purposes of inspection and mainte- the boiler has steam pressure above at- nance responsibility, this term in- mospheric pressure with fire in the cludes that entity’s delegate as well. firebox. In the case of a fireless steam MAWP. Maximum allowable working locomotive, any calendar day that the pressure as specified by the steam loco- boiler has steam pressure above atmos- motive specification FRA Form No. 4. pheric pressure. (See appendix C of this part.) Stayed portion of the boiler. That por- NBIC. National Board Inspection tion of the boiler designed to require Code published by the National Board support to retain internal pressure by of Boiler and Inspec- the addition of strength members, such tors. as staybolts, braces, diagonal stays, NDE. Non-destructive Examination. tubes, etc. NPS. Nominal Pipe Size. Steam locomotive. A self-propelled unit Person. An entity of any type covered of equipment powered by steam that is under 1 U.S.C. 1, including but not lim- either designed or used for moving ited to the following: a railroad; a man- other equipment. This includes a self- ager, supervisor, official, or other em- propelled unit designed or used to ployee or agent of a railroad; any carry freight and/or passenger traffic. owner, manufacturer, lessor, or lessee That of railroad equipment, track, or facili- Unstayed Portion of the Boiler. ties; any independent contractor pro- portion of the boiler designed to be viding goods or services to a railroad; self-supported in retaining internal and any employee of such owner, man- pressure without additional strength ufacturer, lessor, lessee, or independent members such as staybolts, braces, di- contractor. agonal stays, tubes, etc. Railroad. Any form of non-highway Wastage. A reduction in the thickness ground transportation that runs on of a mechanical component, such as a rails or electromagnetic guideways and pipe or sheet. any entity providing such transpor- tation, including commuter or other § 230.9 Information collection. short-haul railroad passenger service in (a) [Reserved] a metropolitan or suburban area and (b) The information collection re- commuter railroad service that was op- quirements are found in the following erated by the Consolidated Rail Cor- sections: §§ 230.3, 230.12 through 230.21, poration on January 1, 1979; and high 230.33, 230.34, 230.41, 230.46, 230.47, 230.75, speed ground transportation systems 230.96, 230.98, and 230.116. that connect metropolitan areas, with- out regard to whether those systems § 230.10 [Reserved] use new technologies not associated with traditional railroads; but does not GENERAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS include rapid transit operations in an urban area that are not connected to § 230.11 Repair of non-complying con- the general railroad system of trans- ditions. portation. The steam locomotive owner and/or Renewal. Replacement in kind with a operator shall repair any steam loco- newly manufactured or remanufac- motive that fails to comply with the tured (restored to original tolerances) conditions of this part, and shall ap- component. Materials shall be suitable prove any such repairs made, before for the service intended. placing the locomotive back into serv- Repair. Any work which results in a ice. restoration in kind.

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§ 230.12 Movement of non-complying be made, whichever is earlier. Before steam locomotives. continuing en route, the steam loco- (a) General limitations on movement. A motive owner and/or operator shall de- steam locomotive with one or more termine that it is safe to move the non-complying conditions may be steam locomotive, determine the max- moved only as a lite steam locomotive imum speed and other restrictions nec- or a steam locomotive in tow, except as essary for safely conducting the move- provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- ment, and notify in writing the engi- tion. Cars essential to the movement of neer in charge of the defective steam the steam locomotive and tender(s), in- locomotive and, if towed, the engineer cluding tool cars and a bunk car, may in charge of the towing steam loco- accompany lite movements. motive consist, as well as all other (b) Conditions for movement. Prior to crew members in the cabs, of the pres- movement, the steam locomotive ence of the non-complying steam loco- owner and/or operator shall determine motive and the maximum speed and that it is safe to move the locomotive, other movement restrictions. determine the maximum speed and (e) Special notice for repair. Nothing in other restrictions necessary for safely this section authorizes the movement conducting the movement, and notify of a steam locomotive subject to a Spe- in writing the engineer in charge of the cial Notice for Repair unless the move- defective steam locomotive and, if ment is made in accordance with the towed, the engineer in charge of the restrictions contained in the Special towing locomotive consist, as well as Notice. all other crew members in the cabs, of the presence of the non-complying § 230.13 Daily inspection. steam locomotive and the maximum (a) General. An individual competent speed and other movement restrictions. to conduct the inspection shall inspect In addition, a tag bearing the words each steam locomotive and its tender ‘‘non-complying locomotive’’ shall be each day that they are offered for use securely attached to each defective to determine that they are safe and steam locomotive and shall contain the suitable for service. The daily inspec- following information: tion shall be conducted to comply with (1) The steam locomotive number; all sections of this part, and a daily in- (2) The name of the inspecting entity; spection report filed, by an individual (3) The inspection location and date; competent to conduct the inspection. (4) The nature of the defect; See appendices A and B of this part. (5) Movement restrictions, if any; (b) Pre-departure. At the beginning of (6) The destination; and each day the steam locomotive is used, (7) The signature of the person mak- an individual competent to do so shall, ing the determinations required by this together with the daily inspection re- paragraph (b). quired in paragraph (a) of this section, (c) Yard movements. A non-complying inspect the steam locomotive and its steam locomotive may be moved lite or tender and appurtenances to ensure dead within a yard at speeds not in ex- that they are safe and suitable for serv- cess of 10 miles per hour without meet- ice, paying special attention to the fol- ing the requirements of paragraph (b) lowing items: of this section if the movement is sole- (1) Water glasses and gauge cocks; ly for the purpose of repair. The loco- (2) Boiler feedwater delivery systems, motive owner and/or operator is re- such as injectors and feedwater pumps; sponsible for ensuring that the move- and ment may be safely made. (3) Air compressors and governors, (d) Non-complying conditions developed and the air brake system. en route. The locomotive owner and/or (c) Inspection reports. The results of operator may continue in use a steam the daily inspection shall be entered on locomotive that develops a non-com- an FRA Form No. 2 (See appendix C of plying condition en route until the this part) which shall contain, at a next daily inspection or the nearest minimum, the name of the railroad, forward point where the repairs nec- the initials and number of the steam essary to bring it into compliance can locomotive, the place, date and time of

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the inspection, the signature of the em- each steam locomotive inspected, a re- ployee making the inspection, a de- port of inspection (FRA Form No. 1), in scription of the non-complying condi- the place where the steam locomotive tions disclosed by the inspection, con- is maintained and with the FRA Re- ditions found in non-compliance during gional Administrator for that region. the day and repaired and the signature When the report of annual inspection of the person who repaired the non-con- (FRA Form No. 3), is filed, the FRA forming conditions. This report shall Form No. 1 does not have to be filed be filed even if no non-complying con- until the next 31 service day inspec- ditions are detected. A competent indi- tion. (See Appendix B of this part.) vidual shall sign the report, certifying that all non-complying conditions were § 230.15 Ninety-two (92) service day in- repaired before the steam locomotive is spection. operated. This report shall be filed and (a) General. An individual competent retained for at least 92 days at the lo- to conduct the inspection shall perform cation designated by the steam loco- the 92 service day inspection after the motive owner and/or operator. steam locomotive has accrued 92 ‘‘service-days.’’ This inspection shall § 230.14 Thirty-one (31) service day in- include all daily, all 31 service day, and spection. all 92 service day inspection items. See (a) General. An individual competent appendix A of this part. Days in service to conduct the inspection shall perform shall be counted, recorded, and readily the 31 service day inspection after the available for inspection when requested steam locomotive has accrued 31 serv- by an FRA inspector. ice days. This inspection shall consist (b) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 of all 31 service day inspection items days of conducting the 92 service day and all daily inspection items. See ap- inspection, the steam locomotive pendix A of this part. Days in service owner and/or operator shall file, for shall be counted, recorded and readily each steam locomotive inspected, a re- available for inspection when requested port of inspection (FRA Form No. 1), in by an FRA inspector. the place the locomotive is maintained (b) FRA notification. FRA Regional and with the FRA Regional Adminis- Administrators or their delegate(s) trator for that region. may require a steam locomotive owner When the report of annual inspection or operator to provide FRA with time- (FRA Form No. 3), is filed, the FRA ly notification before performing a 31 Form No. 1 does not have to be filed service day inspection. If the Regional until the next 92 service day inspec- Administrator or their delegate indi- tion. (See appendix C of this part.) cates their desire to be present for the 31 service day inspection, the steam lo- § 230.16 Annual inspection. comotive owner and/or operator shall (a) General. (1) An individual com- provide them a scheduled date and lo- petent to conduct the inspection shall cation for inspection. Once scheduled, perform the annual inspection after 368 the inspection must be performed at calendar days have elapsed from the the time and place specified, unless the time of the previous annual inspection. Regional Administrator and the steam This inspection shall include all daily, locomotive owner and/or operator mu- all 31 service day, all 92 service day, tually agree to reschedule. If the Re- and all annual inspection items. (See gional Administrator requests the in- appendix B of this part.) spection be performed on another date (2) Fifth annual inspection. An indi- but the steam locomotive owner and/or vidual competent to do so shall per- operator and the Regional Adminis- form a flexible staybolt and cap inspec- trator are unable to agree on a date for tion in accordance with § 230.41 at each rescheduling, the inspection may be fifth annual inspection. performed as scheduled. (b) FRA notification. FRA Regional (c) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 Administrators shall be provided writ- days of conducting the 31 service day ten notice at least one month prior to inspection, the steam locomotive an annual inspection and shall be af- owner and/or operator shall file, for forded an opportunity to be present. If

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the Regional Administrator or their (b) Filing inspection reports. Within 30 delegate indicates a desire to be days of completing the 1472 service day present, the steam locomotive owner inspection, the steam locomotive and/or operator will provide a sched- owner and/or operator shall, for each uled date and location for the inspec- steam locomotive inspected, file in the tion. Once scheduled, the inspection place where the steam locomotive is must be performed at the time and maintained and with the FRA Regional place specified, unless the Regional Ad- Administrator for that region a report ministrator and the steam locomotive of inspection (FRA Form No. 3), and a owner and/or operator mutually agree completed FRA Form No.4. See appen- to reschedule. If the Regional Adminis- dix C of this part. trator requests the inspection be per- RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS formed on another date but the steam locomotive owner and/or operator and § 230.18 Service days. the Regional Administrator are unable to agree on a date for rescheduling, the (a) Service day record. For every inspection may be performed as sched- steam locomotive currently in service, uled. the steam locomotive owner and/or op- erator shall have available, and be able (c) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 to show an FRA inspector upon re- days of completing the annual inspec- quest, a current copy of the service day tion, the steam locomotive owner and/ record that contains the number of or operator shall file, for each steam service days the steam locomotive has locomotive inspected, a report of in- accrued since the last 31, 92, Annual spection (FRA Form No. 3), in the and 1472 service day inspections. place where the steam locomotive is (b) Service day report. By the 31st of maintained and with the FRA Regional every January, every steam locomotive Administrator for that region. (See ap- owner and/or operator shall file a serv- pendix A of this part) ice day report, FRA Form No. 5, with the Regional Administrator accounting § 230.17 One thousand four hundred for the days the steam locomotive was seventy-two (1472) service day in- spection. in service from January 1 through De- cember 31st of the preceding year. If (a) General. Before any steam loco- the steam locomotive was in service motive is initially put in service or zero (0) days during that period, a re- brought out of retirement, and after port must still be filed to prevent the every 1472 service days or 15 years, steam locomotive from being consid- whichever is earlier, an individual ered retired by FRA. (See appendix B of competent to conduct the inspection this part.) shall inspect the entire boiler. In the (c) Retirement where no service day re- case of a new locomotive or a loco- ports filed. Where the steam locomotive motive being brought out of retire- owner and/or operator does not file the ment, the initial 15 year period shall required service day report for a steam begin on the day that the locomotive is locomotive, that steam locomotive placed in service or 365 calendar days may be considered retired by FRA. The after the first flue tube is installed in steam locomotive owner and/or oper- the locomotive, whichever comes first. ator must complete all 1472 service day This 1472 service day inspection shall inspection items to return a retired include all annual, and 5th annual, in- steam locomotive to service. spection requirements, as well as any items required by the steam loco- § 230.19 Posting of FRA Form No. 1 motive owner and/or operator or the and FRA Form No. 3. FRA inspector. At this time, the loco- (a) FRA Form No. 1. The steam loco- motive owner and/or operator shall motive owner and/or operator shall complete, update and verify the loco- place a copy of the 31 and 92 service motive specification card (FRA Form day inspection report (FRA Form No. No. 4), to reflect the condition of the 1), properly filled out, under trans- boiler at the time of this inspection. parent cover in a conspicuous place in See appendices A and B of this part. the cab of the steam locomotive before

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the inspected boiler is put into service. § 230.21 Steam locomotive number This FRA Form No. 1 will not be re- change. quired for the first 31 service days fol- When a steam locomotive number is lowing an annual inspection and the changed, the steam locomotive owner posting of an FRA Form No. 3. (See ap- and/or operator must reflect the pendix B of this part.) change in the upper right-hand corner (b) FRA Form No. 3. In addition to the of all documentation related to the FRA Form No. 1, the steam locomotive steam locomotive by showing the old owner and/or operator shall also main- and new numbers: tain in the cab a current copy of FRA Old No. 000 Form No. 3 in the manner described in New No. XXX. paragraph (a) of this section. (See ap- § 230.22 Accident reports. pendix C of this part.) In the case of an accident due to fail- § 230.20 Alteration and repair report ure, from any cause, of a steam loco- for steam locomotive boilers. motive boiler or any part or appur- tenance thereof, resulting in serious in- (a) Alterations. When an alteration is jury or death to one or more persons, made to a steam locomotive boiler, the the railroad on whose line the accident steam locomotive owner and/or oper- occurred shall immediately make a ator shall file an alteration report telephone report of the accident by (FRA Form No. 19), detailing the calling the National Response Center changes to the locomotive with the (toll free) at Area Code 800–424–0201. FRA Regional Administrator within 30 The report shall state the nature of the days from the date the work was com- accident, the number of persons killed pleted. This form shall be attached to, or seriously injured, the place at which and maintained with, the FRA Form it occurred, and the location where the No. 4 until such time as a new FRA steam locomotive may be inspected. Form No. 4 reflecting the alteration is Confirmation of this report shall be im- submitted to the Regional Adminis- mediately mailed to the Associate Ad- trator. Alteration reports shall be filed ministrator for Safety, Federal Rail- and maintained for the life of the boil- road Administration, Washington, DC er. (See appendix B of this part.) 20590, and contain a detailed report of the accident, including, to the extent (b) Welded and riveted repairs to known, the causes and a complete list unstayed portions of the boiler. Whenever of the casualties. welded or riveted repairs are performed on unstayed portions of a steam loco- Subpart B—Boilers and motive boiler, the steam locomotive owner and/or operator shall file with Appurtenances the FRA Regional Administrator, with- § 230.23 Responsibility for general con- in 30 days from the time the work was struction and safe working pres- completed, a repair report, FRA Form sure. No. 19, that details the work done to The steam locomotive owner and op- the steam locomotive. Repair reports erator are responsible for the general shall be filed and maintained for the design and construction of the steam life of the boiler. (See appendix B of locomotive boilers under their control. this part.) The steam locomotive owner shall es- (c) Welded and riveted repairs to stayed tablish the safe working pressure for portions of the boiler. Whenever welded each steam locomotive boiler, after or riveted repairs are performed on giving full consideration to the general stayed portions of a steam locomotive design, workmanship, age, and overall boiler, the steam locomotive owner condition of the complete boiler unit. and/or operator shall complete a repair The condition of the boiler unit shall be determined by, among other factors, report (FRA Form No. 19), detailing the minimum thickness of the shell the work done. Repair reports shall be plates, the lowest tensile strength of maintained for the life of the boiler. the plates, the efficiency of the longi- (See appendix C of this part.) tudinal joint, the inside diameter of

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the course, and the maximum allow- used is of such quality as to justify a able stress value allowed. The steam higher allowable shearing strength. locomotive operator shall not place the steam locomotive in service before en- INSPECTION AND REPAIR suring that the steam locomotive’s safe working pressure has been established. § 230.29 Inspection and repair. (a) Responsibility. The steam loco- ALLOWABLE STRESS motive owner and/or operator shall in- spect and repair all steam locomotive § 230.24 Maximum allowable stress. boilers and appurtenances under their (a) Maximum allowable stress value. control. They shall immediately re- The maximum allowable stress value move from service any boiler that has on any component of a steam loco- developed cracks in the barrel. The motive boiler shall not exceed 1⁄4 of the steam locomotive owner and/or oper- ultimate tensile strength of its mate- ator shall also remove the boiler from rial. service whenever either of them, or the (b) Safety factor. When it is necessary FRA inspector, considers it necessary to use the code of original construction due to other defects. in boiler calculations, the safety factor (b) Repair standards. (1) All defects value shall not be less than 4. disclosed by inspection shall be re- paired in accordance with accepted in- § 230.25 Maximum allowable stress on dustry standards—which may include stays and braces. established railroad practices, or NBIC The maximum allowable stress per or API established standards—before square inch of net cross sectional area the steam locomotive is returned to on fire box and combustion chamber service. The steam locomotive owner stays shall be 7,500 psi. The maximum and/or operator shall not return the allowable stress per square inch of net steam locomotive boiler or appur- cross sectional area on round, rectan- tenances to service unless they are in gular, or gusset braces shall be 9,000 good condition and safe and suitable psi. for service. (2) Any welding to unstayed portions STRENGTH OF MATERIALS of the boiler made pursuant to § 230.33 § 230.26 Tensile strength of shell shall be made in accordance with an plates. accepted national standard for boiler repairs. The steam locomotive owner When the tensile strength of steel or and/or operator shall not return the wrought-iron shell plates is not known, steam locomotive boiler or appur- it shall be taken at 50,000 psi for steel tenances to service unless they are in and 45,000 psi for wrought iron. good condition and safe and suitable § 230.27 Maximum shearing strength of for service. rivets. § 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers. The maximum shearing strength of rivets per square inch of cross sectional Every boiler having lap-joint longitu- area shall be taken as follows: dinal seams without reinforcing plates shall have sufficient lagging, jack- Pounds eting, flues, and tubes removed at per Rivets square every annual inspection so that an in- inch spection of the entire joint, inside and out, can be made, taking special care Iron Rivets in Single Shear ...... 38,000 Iron Rivets in Double Shear ...... 76,000 to detect grooving or cracks at the Steel Rivets in Single Shear ...... 44,000 edges of the seams. Steel Rivets in Double Shear ...... 88,000 § 230.31 Flues to be removed. § 230.28 Higher shearing strength of (a) Inspection of the boiler interior. rivets. During the 1472 service day inspection, A higher shearing strength may be the steam locomotive owner and/or op- used for rivets when it can be shown erator shall remove all flues of steam through testing that the rivet material locomotive boilers in service, except as

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provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- (2) Boiler interior. When inspecting tion, for the purpose of inspecting the the boiler interior, it must be seen that entire interior of the boiler and its braces and stays are taut, that pins are bracing. After removing the flues, the properly secured in place, and that steam locomotive owner and/or oper- each is in condition to support its pro- ator shall enter the boiler to remove portion of the load. Washout plugs scale from the interior and thoroughly shall be removed for access and visual clean and inspect it. inspection of the water side of the fire- (b) NDE testing. If the boiler can be box sheets. Washout plug threads, thoroughly cleaned and inspected with- sleeves and threaded openings shall be out removing the flues, examined at this time. and it can be shown through appro- (3) Boiler exterior. A thorough inspec- priate NDE testing methods that they tion shall be made of the entire exte- are safe and suitable for service, their rior of the boiler while under hydro- removal may not be required at this static pressure. time. Their removal may be required, however, if the FRA inspector, or the § 230.33 Welded repairs and alter- steam locomotive owner and/or oper- ations. ator, considers it necessary due to (a) Unstayed portions of the boiler con- identifiable safety concerns. taining alloy steel or carbon steel with a § 230.32 Time and method of inspec- carbon content over 0.25 percent. Prior to tion. welding on unstayed portions of the boiler, the steam locomotive owner (a) Time of inspection. The entire boil- and/or operator shall submit a written er shall completely be inspected at the request for approval to the FRA Re- 1472 service day inspection. The jacket, gional Administrator. If the approval is lagging and any other components granted, the steam locomotive owner interfering with the provision of in- and/or operator shall perform any weld- spection access shall be removed at ing to unstayed portions of the boiler this time. Those portions of the boiler in accordance with an accepted na- that are exposed and able to be in- spected as required by the daily, tional standard for boiler repairs. The 31service day, annual and fifth annual steam locomotive owner and/or oper- inspections shall be inspected at those ator shall satisfy reporting require- times. The interior of the boiler also ments in § 230.20 at this time. shall be inspected at each annual in- (b) Unstayed portions of the boiler con- spection, after the completion of any taining carbon steel not exceeding 0.25 hydrostatic test above MAWP, and percent carbon. The steam locomotive whenever a sufficient number of flues owner and/or operator shall perform are removed to allow examination. The any welding to unstayed portions of jacket, lagging and any other compo- the boiler in accordance with an ac- nents shall also be removed to provide cepted national standard for boiler re- inspection access whenever the FRA pairs. The steam locomotive owner inspector, or the steam locomotive and/or operator shall satisfy reporting owner and/or operator, considers it nec- requirements in § 230.20 at this time. essary due to identifiable safety con- (c) Wastage. The steam locomotive cerns. owner and/or operator shall submit a (b) Method of inspection.—(1) Entire written request for approval to the boiler. During the 1472 service day in- FRA Regional Administrator before spection, the entire boiler shall be ex- performing weld build up on wasted amined for cracks, pitting, grooving, or areas of unstayed surfaces of the boiler indications of overheating and for dam- that exceed a total of 100 square inches age where mud has collected, or heavy or the smaller of 25 percent of min- scale formed. The edges of plates, all imum required wall thickness or 1/2 laps, seams, and points where cracks inch. Wasted sheets shall not be re- and defects are likely to develop, shall paired by weld build up if the wasted be thoroughly inspected. Rivets shall sheet has been reduced to less than 60 be inspected for corrosion and loose- percent of the minimum required ness. thickness as required by this part.

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(d) Flush patches. The steam loco- PRESSURE TESTING OF BOILERS motive owner and/or operator shall submit a written request for approval § 230.35 Pressure testing. to the FRA Regional Administrator for The temperature of the steam loco- the installation of flush patches of any motive boiler shall be raised to at least size on unstayed portions of the boiler. 70 deg. F any time hydrostatic pressure (e) Stayed portions of the boiler. The is applied to the boiler. steam locomotive owner and/or oper- § 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers. ator shall perform welded repairs or al- terations on stayed portions of the (a) Time of test. The locomotive owner boiler in accordance with established and/or operator shall hydrostatically test every boiler at the following railroad practices, or an accepted na- times: tional standard for boiler repairs. The (1) During the 1472 service day inspec- steam locomotive owner and/or oper- tion, and at every annual inspection ator shall satisfy the reporting require- thereafter; ments in § 230.20 at this time. (2) After making any alteration to the boiler; § 230.34 Riveted repairs and alter- (3) After installing a flush patch on ations. an unstayed portion of the boiler; and (a) Alterations to unstayed portions of (4) After any riveting on an unstayed the boiler. Prior to making riveted al- portion of the boiler. terations on unstayed portions of the (b) Method of testing. The metal tem- boiler, the steam locomotive owner perature of the boiler shall be between and/or operator shall submit a written 70 degrees Fahrenheit and 120 degrees request for approval to the FRA Re- Fahrenheit each time it is subjected to gional Administrator. If approval is any hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic granted, the steam locomotive owner testing required by these rules shall be and/or operator shall perform any riv- conducted at 25 percent above the MAWP. eting to unstayed portions of the boiler (c) Internal inspection. An internal in- in accordance with established railroad spection of the boiler shall be con- practices or an accepted national ducted following any hydrostatic test standard for boiler repairs. The steam where the pressure exceeds MAWP. locomotive owner and/or operator shall satisfy reporting requirements in § 230.37 Steam test following repairs § 230.20 at this time. or alterations. (b) Repairs to unstayed portions of the Upon completion of any repair or al- boiler. The steam locomotive owner teration, the locomotive owner and/or and/or operator shall perform any riv- operator shall conduct a steam test of eted repairs to unstayed portions of the the boiler with steam pressure raised boiler in accordance with established to between 95 percent and 100 percent railroad practices, or an accepted na- of the MAWP. At this time, the boiler tional standard for boiler repairs. The shall be inspected to ensure that it is steam locomotive owner and/or oper- in a safe and suitable condition for ator shall satisfy reporting require- service. ments in § 230.20 at this time. STAYBOLTS (c) Repairs to stayed portions of the boiler. The steam locomotive owner § 230.38 Telltale holes. and/or operator shall perform riveted (a) Staybolts less than 8 inches long. repairs or alterations on stayed por- All staybolts shorter than 8 inches, ex- tions of the boiler in accordance with cept flexible bolts, shall have telltale established railroad practices or an ac- holes 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch diameter and cepted national standard for boiler re- at least 11⁄4 inches deep in the outer pairs. The steam locomotive owner end. and/or operator shall satisfy reporting (b) Reduced body staybolts. On reduced requirements in § 230.20 at this time. body staybolts, the telltale hole shall

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extend beyond the fillet and into the (2) Exception for inaccessible reduced section of the staybolt. staybolts. The removal of brickwork or Staybolts may have through telltale grate bearers for the purpose of ham- holes. mer testing staybolts during each 31 (c) Telltale holes kept open. All telltale service day inspection will not be re- holes, except as provided for in § 230.41, quired if the staybolts behind these must be kept open at all times. structural impediments have a telltale hole 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch in diameter § 230.39 Broken staybolts. their entire length. Whenever the (a) Maximum allowable number of bro- brickwork or grate bearers are re- ken staybolts. No boiler shall be allowed moved for any other reason, however, to remain in service with two broken the bolts shall be inspected at that staybolts located within 24 inches of time. each other, as measured inside the fire- (b) Method of hammer testing. If box or combustion chamber on a staybolts are tested while the boiler straight line. No boiler shall be allowed contains water, the hydrostatic pres- to remain in service with more than 4 sure must be not less than 95 percent of broken staybolts inside the entire fire- the MAWP. The steam locomotive box and combustion chamber, com- owner and/or operator shall tap each bined. bolt with a hammer and determine bro- (b) Staybolt replacement. Broken ken bolts from the sound or the vibra- staybolts must be replaced during the tion of the sheet. Whenever staybolts 31 service day inspection, if detected at are tested while the boiler is not under that time. Broken staybolts detected pressure, such as during the 31 service in between 31 service day inspections day inspection, the staybolt test must must be replaced no later than 30 cal- be made with all the water drained endar days from the time of detection. from the boiler. When staybolts 8 inches or less in length are replaced, they shall be re- § 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps. placed with bolts that have telltale (a) General. Flexible staybolts with holes 3⁄16 inch to 7⁄32 inch in diameter caps shall have their caps removed dur- and at least 11⁄4 inches deep at each ing every 5th annual inspection for the end, or that have telltale holes 3⁄16 inch purpose of inspecting the bolts for to 7⁄32 inch in diameter their entire breakage, except as provided in para- length. At the time of replacement of graph (b) of this section. broken staybolts, adjacent staybolts (b) Drilled flexible staybolts. For flexi- shall be inspected. ble staybolts that have telltale holes (c) Assessment of broken staybolts. between 3⁄16 inch and 7⁄32 inch in diame- Telltale holes leaking, plugged, or ter, and which extend the entire length missing shall be counted as broken of the bolt and into the head not less staybolts. than one third of the diameter of the (d) Prohibited methods of closing telltale head, the steam locomotive owner and/ holes. Welding, forging, or riveting bro- or operator need not remove the ken staybolt ends is prohibited as a staybolt caps if it can be established, method of closing telltale holes. by an electrical or other suitable meth- od, that the telltale holes are open § 230.40 Time and method of staybolt their entire length. Any leakage from testing. these telltale holes during the hydro- (a) Time of hammer testing—(1) Gen- static test indicates that the bolt is eral. All staybolts shall be hammer broken and must be replaced. Before tested at every 31 service day inspec- the steam locomotive is placed in serv- tion, except as provided in paragraph ice, the inner ends of all telltale holes (a)(2) of this section. All staybolts also shall be closed with a fireproof porous shall be hammer tested under hydro- material that will keep the telltale static pressure any time hydrostatic holes free of foreign matter and permit pressure above the MAWP specified on steam or water to exit the telltale hole the boiler specification form (FRA when the bolt is broken or fractured. Form No. 4), is applied to the boiler. (c) Recordkeeping. The removal of (See appendix B of this part.) flexible staybolt caps and other tests

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shall be reported on FRA Form No. 3. to the boiler backhead in the cab. If (See appendix B of this part.) boiler backhead is lagged, the lagging (d) Testing at request of FRA inspector. and jacket shall be cut away so that Staybolt caps also shall be removed, or the plate can be seen. any of the tests in this section made, whenever the FRA inspector or the § 230.47 Boiler number. steam locomotive owner and/or oper- (a) Generally. The builder’s number of ator considers it necessary due to iden- the boiler, if known, shall be stamped tifiable safety concerns about the con- on the or manhole flange. dition of staybolts, staybolt caps or If the builder’s number cannot be ob- staybolt sleeves. tained, an assigned number, which shall be used in making out specifica- STEAM GAUGES tion cards, shall be stamped on the § 230.42 Location of gauges. steam dome or manhole flange. Every boiler shall have at least one (b) Numbers after January 10, 1912. steam gauge which will correctly indi- Numbers which are stamped after Jan- cate the working pressure. The gauge uary 10, 1912 shall be located on the shall be positioned so that it will be front side of the steam dome or man- kept reasonably cool and can conven- hole flange at the upper edge of the iently be read by the engine crew. vertical surface, oriented in a hori- zontal manner, and have figures at § 230.43 Gauge siphon. least 3⁄8 inch high. The steam gauge supply pipe shall (c) Name of manufacturer or owner. have a siphon on it of ample capacity The number shall be preceded by the to prevent steam from entering the name of the manufacturer if the origi- gauge. The supply pipe shall directly nal number is known or the name of enter the boiler and be maintained the steam locomotive owner if a new steam tight. The supply pipe and its number is assigned. connections shall be cleaned each time SAFETY RELIEF VALVES the gauge is tested.

§ 230.44 Time of testing. § 230.48 Number and capacity. Steam gauges shall be tested prior to (a) Number and capacity. Every boiler being installed or being reapplied, dur- shall be equipped with at least two ing the 92 service day inspection, and safety relief valves, suitable for the whenever any irregularity is reported. service intended, that are capable of preventing an accumulation of pressure § 230.45 Method of testing. greater than 6 percent above the Steam gauges shall be compared with MAWP under any conditions of service. an accurate test gauge or dead weight An FRA inspector may require tester. While under test load at the verification of sufficient safety valve MAWP of the boiler to which the gauge relieving capacity. will be applied, the gauge shall be set (b) Determination of capacity. Safety to read that pressure as accurately as capacity may be deter- the physical limitations of the gauge mined by making an accumulation test will allow. Under test the gauge shall with the fire in good, bright condition read within the manufacturer’s toler- and all steam outlets closed. Addi- ance at all points on the gauge up to 25 tional safety relief valve capacity shall percent above the allowed pressure. If be provided if the safety relief valves the manufacturer’s tolerance is not allow an excess pressure of more than 6 known, the gauge must read within 2 percent above the MAWP during this percent full scale accuracy at all test. points on the gauge up to 25 percent above allowed pressure. § 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves. (a) Qualifications of individual who ad- § 230.46 Badge plates. justs. Safety relief valves shall be set A metal badge plate showing the al- and adjusted by a competent person lowed steam pressure shall be attached who is thoroughly familiar with the

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construction and operation of the valve § 230.53 Time of cleaning. being set. The spindles of all water glass valves (b) Opening pressures. At least one and of all gauge cocks shall be removed safety relief valve shall be set to open and valves and cocks thoroughly at a pressure not exceeding the MAWP. cleaned of scale and sediment at every Safety relief valves shall be set to open 31 service day inspection, and when at pressures not exceeding 6 psi above testing indicates that the apparatus the MAWP. may be malfunctioning. In addition, (c) Setting procedures. When setting the top and bottom passages of the safety relief valves, two steam gauges water column shall be cleaned and in- shall be used, one of which must be so spected at each annual inspection. located that it will be in full view of the persons engaged in setting such § 230.54 Testing and maintenance. valves; and if the pressure indicated by the gauges varies more than 3 psi they (a) Testing. All water glasses must be shall be removed from the boiler, test- blown out, all gauge cocks must be ed, and corrected before the safety re- tested, and all passages verified to be lief valves are set. Gauges shall in all open at the beginning of each day the cases be tested immediately before the locomotive is used, and as often as nec- safety relief valves are set or any essary to ensure proper functioning. change made in the setting. When set- (b) Maintenance. Gauge cocks, water ting safety relief valves, the water column drain valves, and water glass level shall not be higher than 3⁄4 of the valves must be maintained in such con- length of the visible water glass, as dition that they can easily be opened measured from the bottom of the glass. and closed by hand, without the aid of (d) Labeling of lowest set pressure. The a wrench or other tool. set pressure of the lowest safety relief valve shall be indicated on a tag or § 230.55 Tubular type water and lubri- cator glasses and shields. label attached to the steam gauge so that it may be clearly read while ob- (a) Water glasses. Tubular type water serving the steam gauge. glasses shall be renewed at each 92 service day inspection. § 230.50 Time of testing. (b) Shields. All tubular water glasses All safety relief valves shall be test- and lubricator glasses must be ed, and adjusted if necessary, under equipped with a safe and suitable shield steam at every 92 service day inspec- which will prevent the glass from fly- tion, and also whenever any irregu- ing in case of breakage. This shield larity is reported. shall be properly maintained. (c) Location and maintenance. Water WATER GLASSES AND GAUGE COCKS glasses and water glass shields shall be so located, constructed, and main- § 230.51 Number and location. tained that the engine crew can at all Every boiler shall be equipped with times have an unobstructed view of the at least two water glasses. The lowest water in the glass from their proper po- reading of the water glasses shall not sitions in the cab. be less than 3 inches above the highest part of the crown sheet. If gauge cocks § 230.56 Water glass lamps. are used, the reading of the lowest All water glasses must be supplied gauge cock shall not be less than 3 with a suitable lamp properly located inches above the highest part of the to enable the engine crew to easily see crown sheet. the water in the glass.

§ 230.52 Water glass valves. INJECTORS, FEEDWATER PUMPS, AND All water glasses shall be equipped FLUE PLUGS with no more than two valves capable of isolating the water glass from the § 230.57 Injectors and feedwater boiler. They shall also be equipped with pumps. a drain valve capable of evacuating the (a) Water delivery systems required. glass when it is so isolated. Each steam locomotive must be

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equipped with at least two means of de- wash shall be noted on the FRA Form livering water to the boiler, at least No. 1 or FRA Form No. 3. (See appendix one of which is a live steam . B of this part.) (b) Maintenance and testing. Injectors (b) Plug removal. All washout plugs, and feedwater pumps must be kept in arch tube plugs, plugs, good condition, free from scale, and circulator plugs and water bar plugs must be tested at the beginning of each must be removed whenever locomotive day the locomotive is used, and as boilers are washed. often as conditions require, to ensure (c) Plug maintenance. All washout that they are delivering water to the plugs, washout plug sleeves and thread- boiler. Boiler checks, delivery pipes, ed openings shall be maintained in a feed water pipes, tank hose and tank safe and suitable condition for service valves must be kept in good condition, and shall be examined for defects each free from leaks and from foreign sub- time the plugs are removed. stances that would obstruct the flow of (d) Fusible plugs cleaned. Fusible water. plugs shall be cleaned in accordance (c) Bracing. Injectors, feedwater with § 230.59. pumps, and all associated piping shall be securely braced so as to minimize § 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, vibration. circulators and thermic siphons. § 230.58 Flue plugs. (a) Frequency of cleaning. Each time the boiler is washed, arch tubes and (a) When plugging is permitted. Flues water bar tubes shall thoroughly be greater than 21⁄4 inches in outside di- cleaned mechanically, washed, and in- ameter (OD) shall not be plugged. Flues spected. Circulators and thermic si- 21⁄4 inches in outside diameter (OD) or phons shall thoroughly be cleaned, smaller may be plugged following fail- washed and inspected. ure, provided only one flue is plugged at any one time. Plugs must be re- (b) Defects. Arch tubes and water bar moved and proper repairs made no tubes found blistered, bulged, or other- later than 30 days from the time the wise defective shall be renewed. plug is applied. Circulators and thermic siphons found (b) Method of plugging. When used, blistered, bulged or otherwise defective flue plugs must be made of steel. The shall be either repaired or renewed. flue must be plugged at both ends. (c) Method of examination. Arch tubes, Plugs must be tied together by means water bar tubes and circulators shall be examined using an appropriate NDE of a steel rod not less than 5⁄8 inch in diameter. method that accurately measures wall thickness at each annual inspection. FUSIBLE PLUGS All arch brick shall be removed for this inspection. If any are found with wall § 230.59 Fusible plugs. thickness reduced below that required If boilers are equipped with fusible to render them safe and suitable for plugs, the plugs shall be removed and the service intended at the MAWP cleaned of scale each time the boiler is specified on the boiler specification washed but not less frequently than FRA Form No. 4, they must be replaced during every 31 service day inspection. or repaired. (See appendix B of this Their removal shall be noted on the part.) FRA Form No. 1 or FRA Form No. 3. (See appendix B of this part.) STEAM PIPES

WASHING BOILERS § 230.62 Dry pipe. Dry pipes subject to pressure shall be § 230.60 Time of washing. examined at each annual inspection to (a) Frequency of washing. All boilers measure wall thickness. Dry pipes with shall thoroughly be washed as often as wall thickness reduced below that re- the water conditions require, but not quired to render the pipe suitable for less frequently than at each 31 service the service intended at the MAWP day inspection. The date of the boiler must be replaced or repaired.

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§ 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and they are in good condition and safe and pressure parts. suitable for service. The smoke box, steam pipes and pres- SPEED INDICATORS sure parts shall be inspected at each annual inspection, or any other time § 230.68 Speed indicators. that conditions warrant. The indi- vidual conducting the inspection must Steam locomotives that operate at enter the smoke box to conduct the in- speeds in excess of 20 miles per hour spection, looking for signs of leaks over the general system of railroad from any of the pressure parts therein transportation shall be equipped with and examining all draft appliances. speed indicators. Where equipped, speed indicators shall be maintained to STEAM LEAKS ensure accurate functioning.

§ 230.64 Leaks under lagging. ASH PANS The steam locomotive owner and/or § 230.69 Ash pans. operator shall take out of service at Ash pans shall be securely supported once any boiler that has developed a from mud-rings or frames with no part leak under the lagging due to a crack less than 21⁄2 inches above the rail. in the shell, or to any other condition Their operating mechanism shall be so which may reduce safety. Pursuant to arranged that they may be safely oper- § 230.29, the boiler must be repaired be- ated and securely closed. fore being returned to service. BRAKE AND SIGNAL EQUIPMENT § 230.65 Steam blocking view of engine crew. § 230.70 Safe condition. The steam locomotive owner and/or (a) Pre-departure inspection. At the be- operator shall keep the boiler, and its ginning of each day the locomotive is piping and appurtenances, in such re- used, the steam locomotive operator pair that they do not emit steam in a shall ensure that: manner that obscures the engine crew’s (1) The brakes on the steam loco- vision. motive and tender are in safe and suit- able condition for service; Subpart C—Steam Locomotives (2) The air compressor or compres- and Tenders sors are in condition to provide an ample supply of air for the locomotive § 230.66 Design, construction, and service intended; maintenance. (3) The devices for regulating all The steam locomotive owner and op- pressures are properly performing their erator are responsible for the general functions; design, construction and maintenance (4) The brake valves work properly in of the steam locomotives and tenders all positions; and under their control. (5) The water has been drained from the air-brake system. § 230.67 Responsibility for inspection (b) Brake pipe valve required. Each and repairs. steam locomotive shall have a brake The steam locomotive owner and/or pipe valve attached to the front of the operator shall inspect and repair all tender, the rear of the back cab wall, steam locomotives and tenders under or adjacent to the exit of a vestibuled their control. All defects disclosed by cab. The words ‘‘Emergency Brake any inspection shall be repaired in ac- Valve’’ shall be clearly displayed near cordance with accepted industry stand- the valve. ards, which may include established railroad practices, before the steam lo- § 230.71 Orifice testing of compressors. comotive or tender is returned to serv- (a) Frequency of testing. The com- ice. The steam locomotive owner and/ pressor or compressors shall be tested or operator shall not return the steam for capacity by orifice test as often as locomotive or tender to service unless conditions may require, but not less

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frequently than once every 92 service following table, shall have orifice test days. criteria as follows: (b) Orifice testing criteria. (1) Compres- sors in common use, as listed in the

Diameter of Air pressure Make Compressor size Single strokes orifice maintained per minute (in inches) (in pounds)

Westinghouse ...... 91⁄2 ...... 120 11⁄64 60 Westinghouse ...... 11 ...... 100 3⁄16 60 Westinghouse ...... 150 CFM 81⁄2 CC ...... 100 9⁄32 60 Westinghouse ...... 120 CFM 81⁄2 ...... 100 15⁄64 60 New York ...... 2a ...... 120 5⁄32 60 New York ...... 6a ...... 100 13⁄64 60 New York ...... 5b ...... 100 15⁄64 60 Note: This table shall be used for altitudes to and including 1,000 feet. For altitudes over 1,000 feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase in altitude.

(2) For compressors not listed in the intersecting the drain opening. When table in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, main reservoirs are drilled as described the air pressure to be maintained shall in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the be no less than 80 percent of the manu- hydrostatic and hammer tests de- facturer’s rated capacity for the com- scribed in paragraph (a) of this section pressor. are not required during the annual in- spection. Whenever any telltale hole § 230.72 Testing main reservoirs. shall have penetrated the interior of (a) Hammer and hydrostatic testing. any reservoir, the reservoir shall be Except as described in paragraphs (b) permanently withdrawn from service. through (d) of this section, every main (c) Welded main reservoirs without lon- reservoir, except those cast integrally gitudinal lap seams. For welded main with the frame, shall be hammer and reservoirs that do not have longitu- hydrostatically tested during each an- dinal lap seams, an appropriate NDE nual inspection. The reservoir shall be method that can measure the wall hammer tested while empty and with thickness of the reservoir may be used no pressure applied. If no defective instead of the hammer test and hydro- areas are detected, a hydrostatic test static test required in paragraph (a) of of MAWP shall be applied. this section. The spacing of the sam- (b) Drilling of main reservoirs. (1) Only pling points for wall thickness shall welded main reservoir originally con- not be greater than 12 inches longitu- structed to withstand at least five dinally and circumferentially. The res- times the MAWP may be drilled over ervoir shall permanently be withdrawn its entire surface with telltale holes from service where the NDE testing re- 3 that are ⁄16 of an inch in diameter. The veals wall thickness less than the value holes shall be spaced not more than 12 determined by the following formula: inches apart, measured both longitu- dinally and circumferentially, and t=(PR/(S¥.6P) drilled from the outer surface to an ex- Where: treme depth determined by the fol- lowing formula: t = Minimum value for wall thickness; P = Certified working pressure in psi; ¥ D=(.6PR/(S .6P)) S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile strength of the material in psi, or 10,000 psi Where: if the tensile strength is unknown; and D = Extreme depth of telltale holes in inches R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches. but in no case less than one-sixteenth inch; P = certified working pressure in psi; (d) Welded or riveted longitudinal lap S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile seam main reservoirs. (1) For welded or strength of the material in psi; and riveted longitudinal lap seam main res- R = inside radius of the reservoir in inches. ervoirs, an appropriate NDE method (2) One row of holes shall be drilled that can measure wall thickness of the lengthwise of the reservoir on a line reservoir shall be used instead of, or in

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addition to, the hammer test and hy- which the work is done, shall legibly be drostatic test. The spacing of the sam- stenciled in a conspicuous place on the pling points for wall thickness shall tested parts or placed on a card dis- not be greater than 12 inches longitu- played under a transparent cover in the dinally and circumferentially. Par- cab of the steam locomotive. ticular care shall be taken to measure along the longitudinal seam on both § 230.76 Piston travel. plates at an interval of no more than 6 (a) Minimum piston travel. The min- inches longitudinally. The reservoir imum piston travel shall be sufficient shall be withdrawn permanently from to provide proper brake shoe clearance service where NDE testing reveals wall when the brakes are released. thickness less than the value deter- (b) Maximum piston travel. The max- mined by the following formula: imum piston travel when steam loco- motive is standing shall be as follows: t=(PR/(0.5S¥0.6P)) Maximum Where: Type of wheel brake piston travel t = Minimum value for wall thickness; (in inches) P = Certified working pressure in psi; 1 2 1 Cam Type Driving Wheel Brake ...... 3 ⁄ S = ⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile Other forms of Driving Wheel Brake ...... 6 strength of the material in psi, or 10,000 psi Engine Truck Brake ...... 8 if the tensile strength of steel is unknown; Tender Brake ...... 9 and R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches. § 230.77 Foundation brake gear. (2) Repairs of reservoirs with reduced (a) Maintenance. Foundation brake wall thickness are prohibited. gear shall be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service. Levers, § 230.73 Air gauges. rods, brake beams, hangers, and pins (a) Location. Air gauges shall be so lo- shall be of ample strength, and shall cated that they may be conveniently not be fouled in any way which will af- read by the engineer from his or her fect the proper operation of the brake. usual position in the cab. No air gauge All pins shall be properly secured in may be more than 3 psi in error. place with cotter pine, split keys, or (b) Frequency of testing. Air gauges nuts. Brake shoes must be properly ap- shall be tested prior to reapplication plied and kept approximately in line following removal, as well as during with the tread of the wheel. the 92 service day inspection and when- (b) Distance above the rails. No part of ever any irregularity is reported. the foundation brake gear of the steam (c) Method of testing. Air gauges shall locomotive or tender shall be less than be tested using an accurate test gauge 21⁄2 inches above the rails. or dead weight tester designed for this purpose. § 230.78 Leakage. (a) Main reservoirs and related piping. § 230.74 Time of cleaning. Leakage from main reservoir and re- All valves in the air brake system, lated piping shall be tested at every 92 including related dirt collectors and service day inspection and shall not ex- filters, shall be cleaned and tested in ceed an average of 3 psi per minute in accordance with accepted brake equip- a test of 3 minutes duration that is ment manufacturer’s specifications, or made after the pressure has been re- as often as conditions require to main- duced to 60 percent of the maximum tain them in a safe and suitable condi- operating pressure. tion for service, but not less frequently (b) Brake cylinders. Leakage from than after 368 service days or during brake cylinders shall be tested at every the second annual inspection, which- 92 service day inspection. With a full ever occurs first. service application from maximum brake pipe pressure, and with commu- § 230.75 Stenciling dates of tests and nication to the brake cylinders closed, cleaning. the brakes on the steam locomotive The date of testing and cleaning and and tender must remain applied for a the initials of the shop or station at minimum of 5 minutes.

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(c) Brake pipes. Steam locomotive (b) Width of apron. The cab apron brake pipe leakage shall be tested at shall be of a sufficient width to pre- the beginning of each day the loco- vent, when the drawbar is disconnected motive is used, and shall not exceed 5 and the safety chains or the safety bars psi per minute. are taut, the apron from dropping be- tween the steam locomotive and ten- § 230.79 Train signal system. der. Where utilized, the train signal sys- tem, or any other form of on-board § 230.82 Fire doors. communication, shall be tested and (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- known to be in safe and suitable condi- comotive shall have a fire door which tion for service at the beginning of shall latch securely when closed and each day the locomotive is used. which shall be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service. Fire CABS, WARNING SIGNALS, SANDERS AND doors on all oil-burning locomotives LIGHTS shall be latched securely with a pin or key. § 230.80 Cabs. (b) Mechanically operated fire doors. (a) General provisions. Cabs shall be Mechanically operated fire doors shall securely attached or braced and main- be so constructed and maintained that tained in a safe and suitable condition they may be operated by pressure of for service. Cab windows of steam loco- the foot on a pedal, or other suitable motives shall provide an undistorted appliance, located on the floor of the view of the track and signals for the cab or tender at a suitable distance crew from their normal position in the from the fire door, so that they may be cab. Cab floors shall be kept free of conveniently operated by the person tripping or slipping hazards. The cab firing the steam locomotive. climate shall be maintained to provide (c) Hand-operated doors. Hand oper- an environment that does not unrea- ated fire doors shall be so constructed sonably interfere with the engine and maintained that they may be con- crew’s performance of their duties veniently operated by the person firing under ordinary conditions of service. the steam locomotive. (b) Steam pipes. Steam pipes shall not be fastened to the cab. New construc- § 230.83 Cylinder cocks. tion or renewals made of iron or steel Each steam locomotive shall be pipe greater than 1⁄8 inch NPS that are equipped with cylinder cocks which can subject to boiler pressure in cabs shall be operated from the cab of the steam have a minimum wall thickness equiv- locomotive. All cylinder cocks shall be alent to schedule 80 pipe, with properly maintained in a safe and suitable con- rated valves and fittings. Live steam dition for service. heating radiators must not be fastened to the cab. Exhaust steam radiators § 230.84 Sanders. may be fastened to the cab. Steam locomotives shall be equipped (c) Oil-burning steam locomotives. If with operable sanders that deposit sand the cab is enclosed, oil burning steam on the rail head in front of a set of locomotives that take air for combus- driving wheels. Sanders shall be tested tion through the fire-door opening at the beginning of each day the loco- shall have a suitable conduit extending motive is used. from the fire-door to the outside of the cab. § 230.85 Audible warning device. (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- § 230.81 Cab aprons. comotive shall be equipped with an au- (a) General provisions. Cab aprons dible warning device that produces a shall be of proper length and width to minimum sound level of 96db(A) at 100 ensure safety. Cab aprons shall be se- feet in front of the steam locomotive in curely hinged, maintained in a safe and its direction of travel. The device shall suitable condition for service, and be arranged so that it may conven- roughened, or other provision made, to iently be operated by the engineer from afford secure footing. his or her normal position in the cab.

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(b) Method of measurement. Measure- lamp that can be readily turned on and ment of the sound level shall be made off by the persons operating the steam using a sound level meter conforming, locomotive and that provides sufficient at a minimum, to the requirements of illumination to read train orders and ANSI S1.4–1971, Type 2, and set to an A- timetables. weighted slow response. While the steam locomotive is on level, tangent THROTTLES AND REVERSING GEAR track, the microphone shall be posi- tioned 4 feet above the ground at the § 230.88 Throttles. center line of the track and shall be Throttles shall be maintained in safe oriented with respect to the sound and suitable condition for service, and source in accordance with the micro- efficient means shall be provided to phone manufacturer’s recommenda- hold the throttle lever in any desired tions. position.

§ 230.86 Required illumination. § 230.89 Reverse gear. (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- (a) General provisions. Reverse gear, comotive used between sunset and sun- reverse levers, and quadrants shall be rise shall be equipped with an operable maintained in a safe and suitable con- headlight that provides illumination dition for service. Reverse lever latch sufficient for a steam locomotive engi- shall be so arranged that it can be eas- neer in the cab to see, in a clear atmos- ily disengaged, and provided with a phere, a dark object as large as a man spring which will keep it firmly seated of average size standing at least 800 in quadrant. Proper counterbalance feet ahead and in front of such head- shall be provided for the . light. If a steam locomotive is regu- (b) Air-operated power reverse gear. larly required to run backward for any Steam locomotives that are equipped portion of its trip other than to pick up with air operated power reverse gear a detached portion of its train or to shall be equipped with a connection make terminal movements, it shall whereby such gear may be operated by also be equipped on its rear end with an steam or by an auxiliary supply of air operable headlight that is capable of in case of failure of the main reservoir providing the illumination described in air pressure. The operating valve han- this paragraph (a). dle for such connection shall be con- (b) Dimming device. Such headlights veniently located in the cab of the lo- shall be provided with a device whereby comotive and shall be plainly marked. the light from same may be diminished If an independent air reservoir is used in yards and at stations or when meet- as the source of the auxiliary supply ing trains. for the reverse gear, it shall be pro- (c) Where multiple locomotives utilized. vided with means to automatically pre- When two or more locomotives are vent loss of pressure in event of failure used in the same train, the leading lo- of the main reservoir air pressure. comotive only will be required to dis- (c) Power reverse gear reservoirs. Power play a headlight. reverse gear reservoirs, if provided, must be equipped with the means to § 230.87 Cab lights. automatically prevent the loss of pres- Each steam locomotive shall have sure in the event of a failure of main cab lights that sufficiently illuminate air pressure and have storage capacity the control instruments, meters and for not less than one complete oper- gauges to allow the engine crew to ating cycle of control equipment. make accurate readings from their usual and proper positions in the cab. DRAW GEAR AND DRAFT SYSTEMS These lights shall be so located and constructed that the light will shine § 230.90 Draw gear between steam lo- only on those parts requiring illumina- comotive and tender. tion and does not interfere with the en- (a) Maintenance and testing. The draw gine crew’s vision of the track and sig- gear between the steam locomotive and nals. Each steam locomotive shall also tender, together with the pins and fas- have a conveniently located additional tenings, shall be maintained in safe

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and suitable condition for service. The DRIVING GEAR pins and drawbar shall be removed and tested for defects using an appropriate § 230.93 Pistons and piston rods. NDE method at every annual inspec- (a) Maintenance and testing. Pistons tion. Where visual inspection does not and piston rods shall be maintained in disclose any defects, an additional NDE safe and suitable condition for service. testing method shall be employed. Piston rods shall be inspected for Suitable means for securing the draw- cracks each time they are removed, bar pins in place shall be provided. In- and shall be renewed if found defective. verted drawbar pins shall be held in (b) Fasteners. Fasteners (keys, nuts, etc.) shall be kept tight and shall have place by plate or stirrup. some means to prevent them from loos- (b) Safety bars and chains generally. ening or falling out of place. One or more safety bar(s) or two or more safety chains shall be provided § 230.94 Crossheads. between the steam locomotive and ten- Crossheads shall be maintained in a der. The combined strength of the safe- safe and suitable condition for service, ty chains or safety bar(s) and their fas- with not more than 1⁄4 inch vertical or tenings shall be not less than 50 per- 5⁄16 inch lateral clearance between cent of the strength of the drawbar and crossheads and guides. its connections. These shall be main- tained in safe and suitable condition § 230.95 Guides. for service, and inspected at the same Guides shall be securely fastened and time draw gear is inspected. maintained in a safe and suitable con- (c) Minimum length of safety chains or dition for service. bars. Safety chains or safety bar(s) shall be of the minimum length con- § 230.96 Main, side, and valve motion rods. sistent with the curvature of the rail- road on which the steam locomotive is (a) General. Main, side or valve mo- operated. tion rods developing cracks or becom- ing otherwise defective shall be re- (d) Lost motion. Lost motion between moved from service immediately and steam locomotives and tenders not repaired or renewed. equipped with spring buffers shall be (b) Repairs. Repairs, and welding of kept to a minimum and shall not ex- main, side or valve motion rods shall ceed 1⁄2 inch. be made in accordance with an accept- (e) Spring buffers. When spring buffers ed national standard. The steam loco- are used between steam locomotives motive owner and/or operator shall and tenders the spring shall be applied submit a written request for approval with not less than 3⁄4 inch compression, to the FRA Regional Administrator and shall at all times be under suffi- prior to welding defective main rods, cient compression to keep the chafing side rods, and valve gear components. faces in contact. (c) Bearings and bushings. Bearings and bushings shall so fit the rods as to § 230.91 Chafing irons. be in a safe and suitable condition for Chafing irons that permit proper service, and means shall be provided to curving shall be securely attached to prevent bushings from turning in the the steam locomotive and tender, and rod. Straps shall fit and be securely bolted to rods. Floating bushings need shall be maintained to permit lateral not be provided with means to prevent and vertical movement. bushings from turning. (d) Side motion of rods. The total § 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. amount of side motion of each rod on Couplers, draft gear and attachments its crank pin shall not exceed 1⁄4 inch. on steam locomotives and tenders shall (e) Oil and grease cups. Oil and grease be securely fastened, and maintained in cups shall be securely attached to rods, safe and suitable condition for service. and grease cup plugs shall be equipped

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with a suitable fastening that will pre- from service immediately and repaired vent them from being ejected. (see appendix A of this part for inspec- (f) Main rod bearings. The of tion requirements): main rod bearings shall not exceed pin (1) Bent axle; diameters more than 3⁄32 inch at front (2) Cut journals that cannot be made or back end. The total lost motion at to run cool without turning; both ends shall not exceed 5⁄32 inch. (3) Transverse seams in iron or steel (g) Side rod bearings. The bore of side axles; rod bearings shall not exceed pin diam- (4) Seams in axles causing journals to eters more than 5⁄32 inch on main pin run hot; nor more than 3⁄16 inch on other pins. (5) Axles that are unsafe on account of usage, accident or derailment; § 230.97 Crank pins. (6) Any axle worn 1⁄2 inch or more in (a) General provisions. Crank pins diameter below the original/new jour- shall be securely applied. Securing the nal diameter, except as provided in fit of a loose crank pin by shimming, paragraph (a)(7) of this section; prick punching, or welding is not per- (7) Any driving axles other than main mitted. driving axles with an original or new (b) Maintenance. Crank pin collars diameter greater than 6 inches that are and collar fasteners shall be main- worn 3⁄4 inch or more in diameter below tained in a safe and suitable condition the original/new diameter. for service. (b) Journal diameter stamped. For steam locomotives with plain bearings, RUNNING GEAR the original/new journal diameter shall be stamped on one end of the axle no § 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine later than January 18, 2005. truck axles. (a) Condemning defects. Driving, trail- § 230.99 Tender truck axles. ing, and engine truck axles with any of The minimum diameters of axles for the following defects shall be removed various axle loads shall be as follows:

Minimum Minimum Minimum diameter of diameter of diameter of Axle load (in pounds) journal wheel seat center (in inches) (in inches) (in inches)

50000 ...... 51⁄2 73⁄8 67⁄16 38000 ...... 5 63⁄4 57⁄8 31000 ...... 41⁄2 61⁄4 55⁄16 22000 ...... 33⁄4 543⁄8 15000 ...... 31⁄4 45⁄8 37⁄8

§ 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles (b) Tender truck journal condemning and journals. defects. Tender truck journals with any of the following defects shall be re- (a) Tender truck axle condemning de- moved from service immediately and fects. Tender truck axles with any of repaired : the following defects shall be removed (1) Cut journals that cannot be made from service immediately and repaired: to run cool without turning; (1) Axles that are bent; (2) Seams in axles causing journals to (2) Collars that are broken, cracked, run hot; or worn to 1⁄4 inch or less in thickness; (3) Overheating, as evidenced by pro- (3) Truck axles that are unsafe on ac- nounced blue black discoloration; count of usage, accident, or derail- (4) Transverse seams in journals of ment; iron or steel axles; or (4) A fillet in the back shoulder that (5) Journal surfaces having any of the is worn out; or following: (5) A gouge between the wheel seats (i) A circumferential score; that is more than 1⁄8 of an inch in (ii) Corrugation; depth. (iii) Pitting;

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(iv) Rust; § 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal (v) Etching. boxes. Tender roller bearing journal boxes § 230.101 Steam locomotive driving journal boxes. shall be maintained in a safe and suit- able condition. (a) Driving journal boxes. Driving jour- nal boxes shall be maintained in a safe § 230.104 Driving box shoes and and suitable condition for service. Not wedges. more than one shim may be used be- tween the box and bearing. Driving box shoes and wedges shall (b) Broken bearings. Broken bearings be maintained in a safe and suitable shall be renewed. condition for service. (c) Loose bearings. Loose bearings shall be repaired or renewed. § 230.105 Lateral motion. (a) Condemning limits. The total lat- § 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal eral motion or play between the hubs boxes. of the wheels and the boxes on any pair Plain bearing journal boxes with the of wheels shall not exceed the following following defects shall be removed limits: from service immediately and repaired: (a) A box that does not contain visi- Inches ble free oil; Engine truck wheels (with swing centers) ...... 1 (b) A box lid that is missing, broken, Engine truck wheels (with rigid centers) ...... 11⁄2 or open except to receive servicing; Trailing truck wheels ...... 1 (c) A box containing foreign matter, Driving wheels ...... 3⁄4 such as dirt, sand, or coal dust that can reasonably be expected to damage the (b) Limits increased. These limits may bearing; or have a detrimental effect be increased on steam locomotives op- on the lubrication of the journal and erating on track where the curvature bearing; exceeds 20 degrees when it can be (d) A lubricating pad that: shown that conditions require addi- (1) Is missing; tional lateral motion. (2) Is not in contact with the journal; (c) Non-interference with other parts. (3) Has a tear extending half the The lateral motion shall in all cases be length or width of the pad, or more, ex- kept within such limits that the driv- cept by design; ing wheels, rods, or crank pins will not (4) Shows evidence of having been interfere with other parts of the steam scorched, burned, or glazed; locomotive. (5) Contains decaying or deteriorated fabric that impairs proper lubrication TRUCKS, FRAMES AND EQUALIZING of the pad; SYSTEM (6) Has an exposed center core (except by design); or § 230.106 Steam locomotive frame. (7) Has metal parts contacting the (a) Maintenance and inspection. journal; Frames, decks, plates, tailpieces, ped- (e) A plain bearing that: estals, and braces shall be maintained (1) Is missing, cracked, broken; in a safe and suitable condition for (2) Has a bearing liner loose; service, and shall be cleaned and thor- (3) Has a broken out piece; or oughly inspected as often as necessary (4) Has indications of having been to maintain in a safe and suitable con- overheated, as evidenced by: dition for service with cleaning inter- (i) Melted babbitt: vals, in any case, not to exceed every (ii) Smoke from hot oil; or 1472 service days. (iii) Journal surface damage; or (b) Broken frames. Broken frames (f) A plain bearing wedge that: properly patched or secured by clamps (1) Is missing, cracked or broken; or or other suitable means which restores (2) Is not located in its design posi- the rigidity of the frame are permitted. tion.

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§ 230.107 Tender frame and body. truck center plates shall be securely (a) Maintenance. Tender frames shall fastened, maintained in a safe and suit- be maintained in a safe and suitable able condition for service, and provided condition for service. with a center pin properly secured. The (b) Height difference. The difference in male center plate must extend into the height between the deck on the tender female center plate at least 3⁄4 inch. and the cab floor or deck on the steam Shims may be used between truck cen- locomotive shall not exceed 11⁄2 inches. ter plates. (c) Gangway minimum width. The min- (b) Tender truck bolsters. Truck bol- imum width of the gangway between sters shall be maintained approxi- steam locomotive and tender, while mately level. standing on tangent track, shall be 16 (c) Condemning defects for springs or inches. spring rigging. Springs or spring rigging (d) Tender frame condemning defects. A with any of the following defects shall tender frame with any of the following be taken out of service immediately defects shall be removed from service and renewed or properly repaired: immediately and repaired: (1) An elliptical spring with its top (1) Portions of the tender frame or (long) leaf or any other five leaves in body (except wheels) that have less the entire spring pack broken; than a 21⁄2 inches clearance from the (2) A broken coil spring or saddle; top of rail; (2) Tender center sill that is broken, (3) A coil spring that is fully com- cracked more than 6 inches, or perma- pressed; nently bent or buckled more than 21⁄2 (4) A broken or cracked equalizer, inches in any six foot length; hanger, bolt, gib or pin; (3) Tender coupler carrier that is bro- (5) A broken coil spring saddle; and ken or missing; (6) A semi-elliptical spring with a top (4) Tender center plate, any portion (long) leaf broken or two leaves in the of which is missing or broken or that is top half broken, or any three leaves in not properly secured; or the entire spring broken. (5) Tender that has a broken side sill, (d) Tender securing arrangement. crossbearer, or body bolster. Where equipped, tender devices and/or securing arrangements intended to pre- § 230.108 Steam locomotive leading and trailing trucks. vent the truck and tender body from separating in case of derailment shall (a) Maintenance. Trucks shall be be maintained in a safe and suitable maintained in safe and suitable condi- condition for service. tion for service. Center plates shall fit (e) Side bearings and truck centering properly, and the male center plate devices. Where equipped, side bearings shall extend into the female center and truck centering devices shall be plate not less than 3⁄4 inch. All cen- maintained in a safe and suitable con- tering devices shall be properly main- tained and shall not permit lost motion dition for service. (f) Friction side bearings. Friction side in excess of 1⁄2 inch. (b) Safety chain required. A suitable bearings shall not be run in contact, safety chain shall be provided at each and shall not be considered to be in front corner of all four wheel engine contact if there is clearance between trucks. them on either side when measured on (c) Clearance required. All parts of tangent level track. trucks shall have sufficient clearance (g) Side bearings. All rear trucks shall to prevent them from interfering with be equipped with side bearings. When any other part of the steam loco- the spread of side bearings is 50 inches, motive. their maximum clearance shall be 3⁄8 inch on each side for rear trucks and 3⁄4 § 230.109 Tender trucks. inch on each side for front trucks, (a) Tender truck frames. A tender where used. When the spread of the side truck frame shall not be broken, or bearings is increased, the maximum have a crack in a stress area that af- clearance shall be increased propor- fects its structural integrity. Tender tionately.

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§ 230.110 Pilots. WHEELS AND TIRES (a) General provisions. Pilots shall be § 230.112 Wheels and tires. securely attached, properly braced, and maintained in a safe and suitable con- (a) Mounting. Wheels shall be se- dition for service. curely mounted on axles. Prick punch- ing or shimming the wheel fit will not (b) Minimum and maximum clearance. be permitted. The diameter of wheels The minimum clearance of pilot above on the same axle shall not vary more the rail shall be 3 inches and the max- than 3⁄32 inch. imum clearance shall be 6 inches meas- (b) Gage. Wheels used on standard ured on tangent level track. gage track will be out of gage if the in- § 230.111 Spring rigging. side gage of flanges, measured on base line is less than 53 inches or more than (a) Arrangement of springs and equal- 533⁄8 inches. Wheels used on less than izers. Springs and equalizers shall be standard gage track will be out of gage arranged to ensure the proper distribu- if the inside gage of flanges, measured tion of weight to the various wheels of on base line, is less than the relevant the steam locomotive, maintained ap- track gage less 31⁄2 inches or more than proximately level and in a safe and the relevant track gage less 31⁄8 inches. suitable condition for service. Adjust- (c) Flange distance variance. The dis- ing weights by shifting weights from tance back to back of flanges of wheels one pair of wheels to another is permis- mounted on the same axle shall not sible. vary more than 1⁄4 inch. (b) Spring or spring rigging condemning (d) Tire thickness. Wheels may not defects. Springs or spring rigging with have tires with a minimum thickness any of the following defects shall be re- less than that indicated in the table in moved from service immediately and this paragraph (d). When retaining renewed or properly repaired: rings are used, measurements of tires (1) Top leaf broken or two leaves in to be taken from the outside circum- top half or any three leaves in spring ference of the ring, and the minimum broken. (The long side of a spring to be thickness of tires may be as much considered the top.) Broken springs not below the limits specified earlier in exceeding these requirements may be this paragraph (d) as the tires extend repaired by applying clips providing between the retaining rings, provided the clips can be made to remain in it does not reduce the thickness of the place; tire to less than 11⁄8 inches from the (2) Any spring with leaves excessively throat of flange to the counterbore for shifting in the band; the retaining rings. The required min- (3) Broken coil springs; or imum thickness for tires, by wheel cen- (4) Broken driving box saddle, equal- ter diameter and weight per axle, is as izer, hanger, bolt, or pin. follows:

Minimum Weight per axle (weight on drivers divided by number of pairs of driving Diameter of wheel center (inches) thickness wheels) (inches)

30,000 pounds and under ...... 44 and under ...... 11⁄4 Over 44 to 50 ...... 15⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 13⁄8 Over 56 to 62 ...... 17⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 11⁄2 Over 68 to 74 ...... 19⁄16 Over 74 ...... 15⁄8 Over 30,000 to 35,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 15⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 13⁄8 Over 50 to 56 ...... 17⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 11⁄2 Over 62 to 68 ...... 19⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 15⁄8 Over 74 ...... 111⁄16 Over 35,000 to 40,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 13⁄8 Over 44 to 50 ...... 17⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 11⁄2 Over 56 to 62 ...... 19⁄16

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Minimum Weight per axle (weight on drivers divided by number of pairs of driving Diameter of wheel center (inches) thickness wheels) (inches)

Over 62 to 68 ...... 15⁄8 Over 68 to 74 ...... 111⁄16 Over 74 ...... 13⁄4 Over 40,000 to 45,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 17⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 11⁄2 Over 50 to 56 ...... 19⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 15⁄8 Over 62 to 68 ...... 111⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 13⁄4 Over 74 ...... 113⁄16 Over 45,000 to 50,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 11⁄2 Over 44 to 50 ...... 19⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 15⁄8 Over 56 to 62 ...... 111⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 13⁄4 Over 68 to 74 ...... 113⁄16 Over 74 ...... 17⁄8 Over 50,000 to 55,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 19⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 15⁄8 Over 50 to 56 ...... 111⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 13⁄4 Over 62 to 68 ...... 113⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 17⁄8 Over 74 ...... 115⁄16 Over 55,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 15⁄8 Over 44 to 50 ...... 111⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 13⁄4 Over 56 to 62 ...... 113⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 17⁄8 Over 68 to 74 ...... 115⁄16 Over 74 ...... 2

(e) Tire width. Flanged tires shall be flange that is more than 11⁄2 inches in no less than 51⁄2 inches wide for stand- length and 1⁄2 inch in width. ard gage and no less than 5 inches wide (d) Broken rims. Wheels and tires may for narrow gage. Plain tires shall be no not have a circumferentially broken less than 6 inches wide for standard rim if the tread, measured from the 1 gage and no less than 5 ⁄2 inches wide flange at a point 5⁄8 inch above the for narrow gage. tread, is less than 33⁄4 inches in width. (e) Shelled-out spots. Wheels and tires § 230.113 Wheels and tire defects. may not have a shelled-out spot 21⁄2 Steam locomotive and tender wheels inches or more in length, or two ad- or tires developing any of the defects joining spots that are each two or more listed in this section shall be removed inches in length, or so numerous as to from service immediately and repaired. endanger the safety of the wheel. Except as provided in § 230.114, welding (f) Seams. Wheels and tires may not on wheels and tires is prohibited. A have a seam running lengthwise that is wheel that has been welded is a welded within 33⁄4 inches of the flange. wheel for the life of the wheel. (g) Worn flanges. Wheels and tires (a) Cracks or breaks. Wheels and tires may not have a flange worn to a 15⁄16 may not have a crack or break in the inch thickness or less, as measured at flange, tread, rim, plate, hub or brack- a point 3⁄8 inch above the tread. ets. (h) Worn treads. Wheels and tires may (b) Flat spots. Wheels and tires may not have a tread worn hollow 5⁄16 inch not have a single flat spot that is 21⁄2 or more. inches or more in length, or two ad- (i) Flange height. Wheels and tires joining spots that are each two or more may not have a flange height of less inches in length. than 1 inch nor more than 11⁄2 inches, (c) Chipped flange. Wheels and tires as measured from the tread to the top may not have a gouge or chip in the of the flange.

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(j) Rim thickness. Wheels may not STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TANKS have rims less than 1 inch thick. (k) Wheel diameter. Wheels may not § 230.115 Feed water tanks. have wheel diameter variance, for (a) General provisions. Tanks shall be wheels on the same axle or in the same maintained free from leaks, and in safe driving wheel base, greater than 3⁄32 and suitable condition for service. inch, when all tires are turned or new Suitable screens must be provided for tires applied to driving and trailing tank wells or tank hose and shall be wheels. When a single tire is applied, maintained in a manner that allows the diameter must not vary more than the unobstructed flow of water. Feed water tanks shall be equipped with a 3⁄32 inch from that of the opposite wheel on the same axle. When a single pair of device that permits the measurement tires is applied the diameter must be of the quantity of water in the tender feed water tank from the cab or tender within 3⁄32 inch of the average diameter of the wheels in the driving wheel base deck of the steam locomotive. Such de- vice shall be properly maintained. to which they are applied. (b) Inspection frequency. As often as § 230.114 Wheel centers. conditions warrant but not less fre- quently than every 92 service days, the (a) Filling blocks and shims. Driving interior of the tank shall be inspected, and trailing wheel centers with divided and cleaned if necessary. rims shall be properly fitted with iron (c) Top of tender. Top of tender behind or steel filling blocks before the tires fuel space shall be kept clean, and are applied, and such filling blocks means provided to carry off excess shall be properly maintained. When water. Suitable covers shall be pro- shims are inserted between the tire and vided for filling holes. the wheel center, not more than two thicknesses of shims may be used, one § 230.116 Oil tanks. of which must extend entirely around The oil tanks on oil burning steam the wheel. The shim which extends en- locomotives shall be maintained free tirely around the wheel may be in from leaks. The oil supply pipe shall be three or four pieces, providing they do equipped with a safety cut-off device not lap. that: (b) Wheel center condemning defects. (a) Is located adjacent to the fuel Wheel centers with any of the fol- supply tank or in another safe loca- lowing defects shall be removed from tion; service immediately and repaired: (b) Closes automatically when (1) Wheels centers loose on axle; tripped and that can be reset without (2) Broken or defective tire fas- hazard; and (c) Can be hand operated from clearly tenings; marked locations, one inside the cab (3) Broken or cracked hubs, plates, and one accessible from the ground on bolts or spokes, except as provided in each exterior side of the steam loco- paragraph (b)(4) of this section; or motive. (4) Driving or trailing wheel center with three adjacent spokes or 25 per- APPENDIX A TO PART 230—INSPECTION cent or more of the spokes in the wheel REQUIREMENTS broken. The lists in this appendix are intended as (c) Wheel center repairs. Wheel centers guidance only. Adherence to this list does may be repaired by welding or brazing not relieve the steam locomotive owner and/ provided that the defect can properly or operator of responsibility for either: (1) be so repaired and, following the re- Completing the inspection and maintenance pair, the crankpin and axle shall re- requirements described in this part; or (2) en- main tight in the wheel. Banding of the suring that the steam locomotive, tender hub is permitted. and its parts and appurtenances are safe and suitable for service. (d) Counterbalance maintenance. Wheel counterbalances shall be maintained in Daily Inspection Requirements; § 230.13 a safe and suitable condition for serv- 1. Observance of lifting pressure of the low- ice. est safety valve.

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2. Testing of water glasses and gauge 92 Service Day Inspection Requirements; § 230.15 cocks.* 3. Inspection of tubular water glass shields. 1. Removal and testing of all air and steam 4. Inspection of all cab lamps.* gauges. 5. Inspection of boiler feedwater delivery 2. Cleaning of steam gauge siphon pipe. systems.* 3. Renewal of tubular water glasses. 6. Inspection of lagging for indication of 4. Testing and adjusting of safety relief leaks. valves. 7. Inspection for leaks obstructing vision of 5. Testing of main reservoir and brake cyl- engine crew. inder leakage. 8. Observance of compressor(s) and gov- 6. Entering and inspection of tender tank ernor to ascertain proper operation.* interior. 9. Inspection of brake and signal equip- ment.* Annual Inspection Requirements; § 230.16 10. Inspection of brake cylinders for piston travel. 1. Testing of thickness of arch and water 11. Inspection of foundation brake gear. bar tubes (arch brick to be removed) 12. Inspection of sanders.* 2. Hydrostatic testing of boiler. 13. Inspection of draw gear and chafing 3. Testing of all staybolts. irons. 4. Interior inspection of boiler. 14. Inspection of draft gear. 5. Thickness verification of dry pipes. 15. Inspection of crossheads and guides. 6. Smoke box inspection. 16. Inspection of piston rods and fasteners. 17. Inspection of main, side, and valve mo- 7. Main reservoir hammer or UT testing tion rods. and hydrostatic testing (for non-welded and 18. Inspection of headlights and classifica- drilled main reservoirs) tion lamps.* 8. Removal and inspection of steam loco- 19. Inspection of running gear. motive drawbar(s) and pins (NDE testing 20. Inspection of tender frames and tanks. other than merely visual) 21. Inspection of tender trucks for amount 9. Inspection of longitudinal lap joint boil- of side bearing clearance. er seams. NOTE: All items marked (*) should be checked at the beginning of each day the lo- 5 Year Inspection Requirements; § 230.16 comotive is used. 1. Inspection of flexible staybolt caps and sleeves. 31 Service Day Inspection Requirements; § 230.14 1. Washing of boiler. 1472 Service Day Inspection Requirements; 2. Cleaning and inspection of water glass § 230.17 valves and gauge cocks. 3. Cleaning, washing and inspection of arch 1. Removal of boiler flues (as necessary) tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and si- and cleaning of boiler interior. phons. 2. Removal of jacket and lagging and in- 4. Removal and inspection of all washout spection of boiler interior and exterior. and water tube plugs. 3. Hydrostatic testing of boiler. 5. Testing of all staybolts. 4. Thickness verification (boiler survey) 6. Removal, cleaning and inspection of fusi- and recomputation and update of steam loco- ble plugs (if any). motive specification card, (FRA Form No. 4).

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APPENDIX B TO PART 230—DIAGRAMS AND DRAWINGS

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APPENDIX C TO PART 230—FRA INSPECTION FORMS

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APPENDIX D TO PART 230—CIVIL PENALTY SCHEDULE

Willful Section Violation violation

Subpart A—General 230.11 Repair of non-complying conditions: (a) Failure to repair non-complying steam locomotive prior to use in service ...... $1,000 $2,500

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Willful Section Violation violation

(b) Failure of owner and/or operator to approve repairs made prior to use of steam locomotive 1,000 1,500 230.12 Movement of non-complying steam locomotive: (1) (1) 230.13 Daily inspection: (a) (b): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Inspection report not made, improperly executed or not retained ...... 1,000 1,500 230.14 Thirty-one service day inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... (b) Failure to notify FRA ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.15 Ninety-two service day inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.16 Annual inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Failure to notify FRA ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.17 One thousand four hundred seventy-two service day inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,250 2,000 (b) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly maintained, not properly filed 1,000 1,500 230.18 Service days: (a) Service day record not available for inspection ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Failure to file service day report with FRA Regional Administrator ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Failure to complete all 1,472 service day inspection items prior to returning retired steam locomotive to service ...... 1,500 3,000 230.19 Posting of forms: (a) FRA Form No. 1: (1) FRA Form No. 1 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 1 not properly displayed ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) FRA Form No. 3: (1) FRA Form No. 3 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 3 not properly displayed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.20 Alteration and repair reports: (a) Alterations: (1) Failure to properly file FRA Form No. 19 with FRA Regional Administrator ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (3) FRA Form No. 19 not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Repairs to unstayed portions of the boiler: (1) FRA Form No. 19 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Repairs to stayed portions of the boiler: (1) FRA Form No. 19 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 230.21 Failure to properly document steam locomotive number Change ...... 1,000 1,500 Subpart B—Boilers and Appurtenances 230.22 Failure to properly report accident resulting from failure of steam locomotive boiler or part or appurtenance thereof ...... 1,500 2,500 230.23 Responsibility for general construction and safe working pressure: (a) Failure to properly establish safe working pressure for steam locomotive boiler ...... 5,000 10,000 (b) Placing steam locomotive in service before safe working pressure for boiler has been es- tablished ...... 5,000 10,000 230.24 Maximum allowable stress values on boiler components: (a) Use of materials not of sufficient tensile strength ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Use of a safety factor value of less than 4 when using the code of original construction in boiler calculations ...... 2,000 4,000 230.25 Maximum allowable stresses on stays and braces: (a) Exceeding allowable stress values on fire box and/or combustion chamber ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Exceeding allowable stress values on round, rectangular or gusset braces ...... 1,000 2,000 230.29 Inspection and repair: (a): (1) Failure of owner and/or operator to inspect and repair any steam locomotive boiler and/or appurtenance under control thereof ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Failure to remove steam locomotive from service when considered necessary to do so 2,500 5,000

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Willful Section Violation violation

(b): (1) Failure of perform repairs in accordance with accepted industry standards ...... 2,000 4,000 (2) Owner and/or operator returning steam locomotive boiler and/or appurtenances to service before they are in good condition and safe and suitable for service ...... 2,000 4,000 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers, Failure to properly inspect ...... 2,000 4,000 230.31 Flues to be removed: (a): (1) Failure to remove all flues when inspecting boiler ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Failure to enter boiler and clean and inspect ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to remove superheater flues when deemed necessary to do so ...... 1,000 2,000 230.32 Time and method of inspection: (a) Failure to perform 1,472 service day inspection when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to properly inspect boiler during 1,472 service day inspection ...... 1,500 3,000 230.33 Welded repairs and alterations: (a) Failure to obtain permission before welding on unstayed portions of boiler containing alloy or carbon steel with carbon content over .25 percent carbon ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to perform welding on unstayed portions of boiler containing carbon steel not ex- ceeding .25 percent carbon in accordance with a nationally accepted standard for boiler re- pairs ...... 1,500 3,000 (c): (1) Failure to submit written request for approval before performing weld buildup on wast- ed areas of unstayed boiler surfaces that exceed 100 square inches or the smaller of 25 percent of minimum required wall thickness or 1⁄2 inch ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Repairing wasted sheets ...... 1,500 3,000 230.34 Riveted repairs and alterations: (a) Failure to obtain approval before making riveted alterations on unstayed portions of the boiler; failure to do riveting in accordance with established railroad practices or accepted na- tional standards for boiler repairs ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to perform riveted repairs on unstayed boiler portions in accordance with estab- lished railroad practices or accepted national standards for boiler repairs ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to perform riveted repairs on stayed boiler portions in accordance with established railroad practices or accepted national standards for boiler repairs ...... 1,000 2,000 230.35 Failure to raise temperature of steam locomotive boiler to 70 degrees F. before applying hydrostatic pressure to the boiler ...... 1,000 2,000 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers: (a) Failure to perform hydrostatic test of boiler as required ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to properly perform hydrostatic test ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to properly inspect boiler after conducting hydrostatic test above MAWP ...... 1,500 3,000 230.37 Failure to perform proper steam test or inspection of boiler after completion of repair or al- teration to boiler ...... 1,000 2,000 230.38 Telltale holes: (a) Failure to have telltale holes as required in staybolts ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to have proper telltale holes in reduced body staybolts ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Failure to keep telltales holes when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 230.39 Broken staybolts: (a) Boiler in service with excess number of broken staybolts ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to replace staybolts when required to do so; to properly replace staybolts when so required; to inspect adjacent staybolts when replacing broken staybolts ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to count leaking, plugged, or missing telltale holes as broken staybolts ...... 1,500 3,000 (d) Closing telltale holes by prohibited means ...... 1,500 3,000 230.40 Time and method of staybolt testing: (a) Failure to hammer test staybolts when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly hammer test staybolts ...... 1,000 2,000 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps: (a) Failure to inspect flexible staybolts as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to replace broken flexible staybolts; failure to close inner ends of telltale holes as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Failure to report removal of flexible staybolts caps and other tests on FRA Form No. 3 when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Failure to remove staybolt caps or otherwise test when FRA inspector or steam locomotive owner and/or operator consider it necessary to do so ...... 1,000 2,000 230.42 Failure to have accurate boiler steam gauge where engine crew can conveniently read .... 2,000 4,000 230.43 Failure to have gauge siphon of proper capacity on steam gauge supply pipe; failure to properly clean, maintain the steam gauge supply pipe ...... 1,000 2,000 230.44 Failure to test steam gauge when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 230.45 Failure to properly test and/or set steam gauge ...... 1,000 2,000 230.46 Failure to attach to boiler backhead metal badge plate showing allowable steam pressure 1,000 1,500 230.47 Boiler Number: (a) (b) (c) Failure to stamp builder’s number on boiler when number is known ...... 1,000 1,500 230.48 Number and capacity of safety relief valves: (a) Failure to equip steam locomotive boiler with proper safety relief valves ...... 2,500 5,000 (b) Failure to provide additional safety relief valve capacity when so required ...... 3,000 6,000 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves:

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(a) Safety relief valve(s) set and/or adjusted by person not competent to do so ...... 2,500 5,000 (b) Safety relief valve(s) not set to open at prescribed pressure(s) ...... 2,500 5,000 (c) Safety relief valve(s) not properly set ...... 3,000 6,000 (d) Set pressure of lowest safety relief valve not properly indicated ...... 1,000 2,000 230.50 Failure to test and adjust safety relief valves when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 230.51 Failure to equip steam locomotive boiler with at least 2 properly installed water glasses .... 1,000 2,000 230.52 Failure to properly equip water glasses ...... 2,000 4,000 230.53 Failure to properly clean water glass valves and/or gauge cocks when required to do so .. 1,000 2,000 230.54 Testing and maintenance: (a) Failure to properly test water glasses and/or gauge cocks ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly maintain gauge cocks, water column drain valves, and/or water glass valves ...... 1,500 3,000 230.55 Tubular type water and lubricator glasses and shields: (a) Failure to renew tubular type water glasses as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly shield tubular water glasses and/or lubricator glasses ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Failure to properly locate and/or maintain water glasses and/or water glass shields ...... 1,000 2,000 230.56 Failure to equip water glass with suitable lamp ...... 1,000 2,000 230.57 Injectors and feedwater pumps: (a) Failure to equip steam locomotive with proper means for delivering water to the boiler ...... 3,000 6,000 (b) Failure to properly test and/or maintain injectors, feedwater pumps, boiler checks, delivery pipes, feed water pipes, tank hose, tank valves ...... 2,500 5,000 (c) Failure to properly brace injectors, feedwater pumps, and/or associated piping ...... 1,000 2,000 230.58 Flue plugs: (a) Plugging flue plugs when not otherwise permitted ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Improperly plugging flue plugs, when otherwise permitted ...... 1,000 2,000 230.59 Failure to remove and properly clean fusible boiler plugs when required to do so; failure to properly note removal ...... 1,500 3,000 230.60 Time of washing: (a) Failure to thoroughly wash boiler when required to do so ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to remove washout plugs, arch tube plugs, thermic siphon plugs, circulator plugs, water bar plugs when washing locomotive boiler ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to examine and/or properly maintain washout plugs washout plug sleeves, threaded openings ...... 1,500 3,000 (d) Failure to clean fusible plugs when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and thermic siphons: (a) Failure to clean, wash, inspect arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and thermic siphons as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to renew arch tubes, water bar tubes; failure to repair or renew circulators, thermic siphons when required ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to properly inspect and/or replace as necessary arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators ...... 1,500 3,000 230.62 Failure to properly inspect and/or repair or replace as necessary dry pipes subject to pressure ...... 2,500 5,000 230.63 Failure to properly inspect smoke box, steam pipes, pressure parts when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 230.64 Failure to remove from service steam locomotive boiler leaking under lagging from condi- tion which may reduce safety and/or repair the boiler before returning to service ...... 1,500 3,000 230.65 Failure to keep steam locomotive boiler, piping, appurtenances in repair so steam does not obscure vision ...... 1,000 2,000 230.66 Failure to properly oversee general design, construction, maintenance of steam loco- motive(s) and tender(s) ...... 1,000 2,000 230.67 Failure to ensure all steam locomotives and tenders are properly inspected and repaired and/or all defects are properly repaired and steam locomotive and/or tender are in good condi- tion, safe and suitable for service before being returned to service ...... 2,500 5,000 230.68 Failure to equip steam locomotive that operates in excess of 20 miles per hour over the general system with speed indicator maintained to ensure accurate functioning ...... 1,000 1,500 230.69 Failure to equip steam locomotive with properly supported ash pan with operating mecha- nism that may be safely operated and securely closed ...... 1,000 2,000 230.70 Safe condition: (a) Failure to perform proper pre-departure inspection when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly equip steam locomotive with brake pipe valve clearly identified as ‘‘Emergency Brake Valve’’ ...... 1,000 2,000 230.71 Orifice testing of air compressors:. (a)(b): Failure to properly test and/or maintain air compressor(s) capacity ...... 1,000 2,000 230.72 Testing main reservoirs: (a) Failure to properly test main reservoir(s) when required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Impermissibly or improperly drilling main reservoir ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Impermissibly using NDE method to measure wall thickness of main reservoir ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Failure to use appropriate method of NDE testing of wall thickness of welded or riveted longitudinal lap seam main reservoir(s); failure to withdraw main reservoir(s) from service when testing reveals insufficient wall thickness ...... 1,500 3,000 230.73 Air gauges:

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Willful Section Violation violation

(a) Failure to equip steam locomotive with properly located air gauge(s) that are no more than 3 psi in error ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Failure to test air gauge(s) when so required ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Failure to properly test air gauge(s) ...... 1,000 1,500 230.74 Failure to properly clean and/or test all air brake valves, related dirt collectors, filters when required to do so ...... 1,000 1,500 230.75 Failure to properly stencil or display date of testing and cleaning and initials of shop or sta- tion performing work ...... 1,000 1,500 230.76 Piston travel: (a) Insufficient minimum piston travel ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Excessive piston travel when steam locomotive is stationary ...... 1,000 2,000 230.77 Foundation brake gear: (a) Failure to properly maintain foundation brake gear ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Foundation brake gear less than 2.5 inches above rail ...... 1,000 2,000 230.78 Leakage: (a): (1) Failure to test for leakage from main reservoir or related piping as required ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to repair excessive leakage from main reservoir or related piping leakage ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to test for brake cylinder as required ...... 1,000 1,500 (c): (1) Failure to test for leakage from steam locomotive brake pipe as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Failure to repair excessive brake pipe leakage ...... 1,000 2,000 230.79 Train signal system: (1) Failure to test the train signal system or other form of on-board communication as re- quired ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to repair train signal system or other on-board communication when not safe or suitable for service ...... 1,000 1,500 230.80 Cabs: (a) Steam locomotive cab not safe and suitable for service ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Steam pipes: Construction, attachment ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Oil-burning steam locomotive, cab-enclosed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.81 Cab aprons: (a) Cab apron, general provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Cab apron, insufficient width ...... 1,000 1,500 230.82 Fire doors: (a) Safe and suitable for service, general provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Construction and maintenance of mechanically operated fire doors ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Construction and maintenance of hand-operated fire doors ...... 1,000 2,000 230.83 Cylinder cocks: (1) Failure to properly equip with cylinder cocks ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to properly maintain cylinder cocks ...... 1,000 1,500 230.84 Sanders: (1) Inoperable sanders ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to test sanders ...... 1,000 1,500 230.85 Audible warning devices: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Sound level measurements, Failure to properly take ...... 1,000 1,500 230.86 Required illumination: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Dimming device, Failure to properly equip with ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Multiple locomotives, Failure of lead locomotive to display headlight ...... 1,000 1,500 230.87 Cab lights: Failure to properly equip with ...... 1,000 2,000 230.88 Throttles: Failure to properly maintain, equip ...... 1,000 2,000 230.89 Reverse gear: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Air-operated power reverse gear ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Power reverse gear reservoirs ...... 1,000 2,000 230.90 Draw gear and draft systems: (a) Maintenance and testing ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Safety bars and chains, general ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Safety bars and chains, minimum length ...... 1,000 1,500 (d) Lost motion between steam locomotive and tender ...... 1,000 1,500 (e) Spring buffers: Improper application, compression ...... 1,000 1,500 230.91 Chafing irons: Improper application, maintenance ...... 1,000 1,500 230.92 Draw gear, draft systems: Improperly maintained, fastened ...... 1,000 1,500 230.93 Pistons and piston rods: (a) Failure to properly inspect, maintain, renew ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Fasteners: Failure to keep tight, properly equip ...... 1,000 2,000 230.94 Crossheads: Improperly maintained, excess clearance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.95 Guides: Failure to securely fasten, properly maintain ...... 1,000 2,000 230.96 Main, side, valve motion rods: (a) General ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Repairs.

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(1) Failure to make in accordance with accepted national standard ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Failure to submit written request for approval prior to welding ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Bearings and bushings ...... 1,000 1,500 (d) Rod side motion: Excessive motion ...... 1,000 1,500 (e) Oil, grease cups: Failure to securely fasten, properly equip ...... 1,000 1,500 (f) Main rod bearings: (1) excessive bore ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) excessive lost motion ...... 1,000 1,500 (g) Side rod bearings, excessive bore ...... 1,000 1,500 230.97 Crank pins: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Maintenance: Failure to maintain in safe, suitable condition ...... 1,000 2,000 230.98 Driving, trailing, engine truck axles: (a) Condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Journal diameter: Failure to stamp on end of axle ...... 750 1,000 230.99 Tender truck axle: Insufficient diameter ...... 1,000 2,000 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles and journals: (a) Tender truck axle condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Tender truck journal condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 230.101 Steam locomotive driving journal boxes: (a) Driving journal boxes: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Broken bearings: Failure to renew ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Loose bearings: Failure to repair or renew ...... 1,000 2,000 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes: Failure to repair ...... 1,000 1,500 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 230.104 Driving box shoes and wedges: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 230.105 Lateral motion: (a) Condemning limits: Total lateral motion in excess of ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Limits exceeded, failure to demonstrate conditions require additional lateral motion ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Interferes with other parts of steam locomotive ...... 1,000 1,500 230.106 Steam locomotive frame: (a) Failure to properly inspect and/or maintain ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Broken frames, not properly patched or secured ...... 2,500 5,000 230.107 Tender frame and body: (a) Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Height difference between tender deck and steam locomotive cab floor or deck excessive 1,000 1,500 (c) Gangway minimum width excessive ...... 1,000 1,500 (d) Tender frame condemning defects ...... 1,500 3,000 230.108 Steam locomotive leading and trailing trucks: (a) Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Safety chain, suitable safety chain not provided ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Insufficient truck clearance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.109 Tender trucks: (a): (1) Tender truck frames ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Tender truck center plate ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Tender truck bolsters: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Condemning defects, springs and/or spring rigging ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Truck securing arrangement: Not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 (e) Side bearings, truck centering devices ...... 1,000 2,000 (f) Friction side bearings: Run in contact ...... 1,000 2,000 (g): (1) Side bearings, failure to equip rear trucks with ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Insufficient clearance of ...... 1,000 2,000 230.110 Pilots: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Clearance, insufficient or excessive ...... 1,000 1,500 230.111 Spring rigging: (a) Arrangement of springs and equalizers ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Spring or spring rigging condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 230.112 Wheels and tires: (a) Improperly Mounted, excess variance in axle diameter ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Out of gage ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Flange distance variance, excessive ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Tire thickness, insufficient ...... 1,000 2,000 (e) Tire width, insufficient ...... 1,000 2,000 230.113 Wheels and tire defects: (1) Failure to repair ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Welding on, except as otherwise provided for ...... 1,500 3,000 (a) Cracks or breaks in ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Flat spots ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Chipped flange ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Broken rim ...... 1,000 2,000

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Willful Section Violation violation

(e) Shelled-out spots ...... 1,000 2,000 (f) Seams ...... 1,000 2,000 (g) Worn flanges, excessive wear ...... 1,000 2,000 (h) Worn treads, excessive wear ...... 1,000 2,000 (i) Flange height, insufficient or excessive ...... 1,000 2,000 (j) Rim thickness, insufficient ...... 1,000 2,000 (k) Wheel diameter, excessive variance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.114 Wheel centers: (a) Filling blocks and shims ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Wheel center condemning limits, failure to repair ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Wheel center repairs ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Counterbalance maintenance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.115 Feed water tanks: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Inspection frequency, failure to inspect as required ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Top of tender: Improperly maintained and/or equipped ...... 1,000 1,500 230.116 Oil tanks: (1) Failure to properly maintain ...... 2,500 5,000 (2) Failure to equip with complying safety cut-off device ...... 5,000 7,500 1 Failure to observe any condition for movement set forth in § 230.12 will deprive the railroad of the benefit of the movement- for-repair provision and make the railroad and any responsible individuals liable for penalty under the particular regulatory sec- tion(s) concerning the substantive defect(s) present on the locomotive at the time of movement. Failure to comply with § 230.12 will result in the lapse of any affected waiver.

PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY 231.24 Box and other house cars with roofs, 16 feet 10 inches or more above top of APPLIANCE STANDARDS rail. 231.25 Track motorcars (self-propelled 4- Sec. wheel cars which can be removed from 231.0 Applicability and penalties. the rails by men). 231.1 Box and other house cars built or 231.26 Pushcars. placed in service before October 1, 1966. 231.27 Box and other house cars without 231.2 Hopper cars and high-side gondolas roof hatches or placed in service after with fixed ends. October 1, 1966. 231.3 Drop-end high-side gondola cars. 231.28 Box and other house cars with roof 231.4 Fixed-end low-side gondola and low- hatches built or placed in service after side hopper cars. October 1, 1966. 231.5 Drop-end low-side gondola cars. 231.29 Road locomotives with corner stair- 231.6 Flat cars. ways. 231.7 Tank cars with side platforms. 231.30 Locomotives used in switching serv- 231.8 Tank cars without side sills and tank ice. cars with short side sills and end plat- 231.31 Drawbars for freight cars; standard forms. height. 231.9 Tank cars without end sills. APPENDIX A TO PART 231—SCHEDULE OF CIVIL 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. PENALTIES 231.11 Caboose cars without platforms. 231.12 Passenger-train cars with wide vesti- AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 20102–20103, 20107, bules. 20131, 20301–20303, 21301–21302, 21304; 49 CFR 231.13 Passenger-train cars with open-end 1.49(c), (m). platforms. SOURCE: 33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, unless 231.14 Passenger-train cars without end otherwise noted. platforms. 231.15 Steam locomotives used in road serv- NOTE: Where rivets or bolts are required in ice. this part 231 a two-piece steel rivet may be 231.16 Steam locomotives used in switching used consisting of: service. (a) A solid shank of one-half (1⁄2) inch min- 231.17 Specifications common to all steam imum diameter steel or material of equal or locomotives. greater strength having cold forged head on 231.18 Cars of special construction. one end, a shank length for material thick- 231.19 Definition of ‘‘Right’’ and ‘‘Left.’’ ness fastened, locking grooves, breakneck 231.20 Variation in size permitted. groove and pull grooves (all annular grooves) 231.21 Tank cars without underframes. on the opposite end. 231.22 Operation of track motor cars. (b) A collar of similar material which is 231.23 Unidirectional passenger-train cars cold swaged into the locking grooves form- adaptable to van-type semi-trailer use. ing a head for the opposite end of item (a)

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