PART 52—POWER BOILERS 52.20–1 General (Modifies PFT–1 Through PFT–49)
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Introduction to Steam Generating Unit (Boiler)
Introduction to Steam Generating Unit (Boiler) A boiler is a closed vessel in which steam is produced from water by combustion of fuel. How a Boiler works:: Water is pumped into the boiler at operating pressure Heat of flue gases vaporizes water to form steam Steam formed is passed into steam space above the water space Applications of steam generatorss (Boilerss)) The steam generators or boilers are integral components of steam turbines which are used as prime movers to drive generators to produce electricity in all thermal and nuclear power plants. These are used in the industry for example in heating systems or for cement production, textiles. These are used to produce distilled water for medicines, pharmaceuticals and other usage. The boilers are used in cold countries for heating large buildings, in agriculture as well for soil steaming. Components of a steam generator (Boiler) Boiler drum, tubes, furnace Boiler mountings Boiler Accessories Boiler mountings are devices which are required for proper operation, safety and control of the boiler. Examples ar ee water level indicator (WLI), pressure gauges (PGs), steam stop valve, safety valves, fusible plug, feed-check valve, blow-off cock, manhole and mudhole, etc. Boiler accessories are devices which are used to increase the efficiency of a boiler. Examples are air preheater, economizer , ss, uperheater , feedpump or injector, baffles, etc.. Boiler classification: 1.1. Tube content: (i) Fire tube boiler and (ii) water tube boiler 2.2. Axis of shell: (i) Horizontal, (ii) vertical, (iii) inclined 3.3. Location of furnace: (i) Externally fired, (ii) internally fired 4.4. -
Establishing Relieving Capacities
Establishing Relieving Capacities Prepared for Chief’s meeting October 9, 2019 By Joseph F. Ball, P. E. Overview of Session • Review of Section IV Pressure Relief Capacity Requirements • ASME Requirements • NBIC Installation Requirements • Establishment of Relieving Capacity for Section IV Pressure Relief Valves Section IV Capacity Requirements The Basics: Overpressure protection requirements are defined by boiler manufacturer. Nameplate shall include: (HG-530.1(a)(3)) Safety or safety relief valve capacity (minimum) as determined according to HG-400.1(d) and HG-400.2(e) Heating area must be marked Section IV Capacity Requirements The Basics: Same for cast iron or aluminum (HG-530.2(c)(3)) – depends upon number of sections Section IV Capacity Requirements The Basics: Modular Boilers • Each module has its own nameplate with capacity required for that module • Aggregate capacity (and heating area) is applied to a single nameplate for the combined unit Section IV Capacity Requirements The Basics: HG-400.1 (d) The minimum valve capacity in pounds per hour shall be determined by dividing the maximum Btu/hr (kW) output at the boiler nozzle obtained by the firing of any fuel for which the unit is installed by 1,000 (0.646). In every case, the requirement of (e) shall be met. (e) The safety valve capacity for each steam boiler shall be such that with the fuel burning equipment installed, and operated at maximum capacity, the pressure cannot rise more than 5 psi (35 kPa) above the maximum allowable working pressure. Section IV Capacity Requirements The Basics: HG-400.2 (e) The required steam-relieving capacity, in pounds per hour (kg/hr), of the pressure-relieving device or devices on a boiler shall be determined by dividing the maximum output in Btu/hr (kW) at the boiler nozzle obtained by the firing of any fuel for which the unit is installed by 1,000 (0.646). -
Steamboating Guide Edition 2 2010
Steamboating SampleGuide Pages Second Edition Steamboating Guide Edition 2 2010 Edited by Roger Calvert and Rob van Es The contributors and editors of this publication have made every effort to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the data presented and the validity and appropriateness of the recommendations made. It is, however, ultimately the responsibility of the owner of a boat to check the data and take the final decisions, in the context of the proposed design. If necessary, appropriate professional advice should be sought. Neither the contributors, the editors, nor the SBA can accept responsibility for any direct or indirect consequences arising from the use of the data or from following the recommendationsSample of this publication. Pages Copying of parts or the whole of this document by members of the SBA is permitted, subject to the terms published on the SBA web site. Otherwise, copying is not permitted without the permission of the SBA, except as allowed under copyright law. Table of Contents Preface Section A – Introduction 1 Hulls 1-1 2 Boiler Types 2-1 3 Engine Types 3-1 4 Fuels 4-1 Section B – Steamboat Operations 5 Boiler Fittings 5-1 6 Steam Plant Installation 6-1 7 Boiler Operation and Maintenance 7-1 8 Steam Ancillaries 8-1 9 Boat Handling Advice 9-1 10 Boiler Inspection and Testing 10-1 11 Trailers and Towing 11-1 Section C – Technical 12 Propulsion 12-1 13 Valve Setting 13-1 14 Data and Performance 14-1 15 Boiler Design Considerations 15-1 16 Workshop Techniques 16-1 Glossary 17-1 Index 18-1 Sample Pages Preface The aims and objects of the Steam Boat Association are: (i) To foster and encourage steam boating and the building, development, preservation and restoration of steam boats and steam machinery, by all possible means. -
INDEX for FORMS Under Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950
INDEX for FORMS under Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 ___________________________________________________________________________ Form No. Description Page ___________________________________________________________________________ Form I Memorandum of Inspection or Registration Book 1 - 29 Form II Inspecting Authority's Certificate of Inspection during 30 Construction (Reg. 4-C)…… Form II-A Inspecting Authority Certificate of Inspection during Construction in respect of the boiler made to foreign code 31 Form II-B Inspecting Authority Certificate of Inspection during the Inspection of boilers for which variation from standard Have been permitted 32 Form III Constructor's Certificate of Manufacture and Test 33-42 (Reg.4-d) Form III-A Certificate of Manufacture and Test for Steam Pipes 43-44 Form III-A(I) Certificate of manufacture and test of steam pipes for 45-46 Which variations have been permitted Form III-B Certificate of Manufacture and Test for tubes 47-48 Form III-B(I) Certificate of manufacture and test 49-50 Form III-C Certificate of Manufacture and Test of Boiler mounting 51 And Fittings. Form III-D Certificate of Manufacture and Test 52 Form III-E Certificate of Manufacture and Test 53 Form III-F Certificate of Manufacture and Test of casting & forging 54 Form IV Steel Marker's Certificate of Manufacture and results of Test 55 Form IV-A Certificate of Manufacture and Results of Tests in lieu of 56 Form IV. Form V Provisional Order under section 9 of the Indian Boilers 57 Act, 1923 Form VI Certificate for use of a Boiler 58-59 -
Westinghouse Technology 7.1 Main and Auxiliary Steam Systems
Westinghouse Technology Systems Manual Section 7.1 Main and Auxiliary Steam Systems TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.1MAIN AND AUXILIARY STEAM SYSTEMS ................................................... 7.1-1 7.1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 7.1-1 7.1.2 Main Steam System Description ......................................................... 7.1-1 7.1.2.1 Safety Considerations ............................................................ 7.1-2 7.1.2.2 Accident Considerations ........................................................ 7.1-3 7.1.3 Main Steam System Component Descriptions .................................... 7.1-4 7.1.3.1 Flow Restrictors ..................................................................... 7.1-4 7.1.3.2 Main Steam Instrumentation .................................................. 7.1-4 7.1.3.3 Power-Operated Relief Valves ............................................... 7.1-5 7.1.3.4 Steam Generator Safety Valves ............................................ 7.1-6 7.1.3.5 AFW Pump Steam Supplies .................................................. 7.1-6 7.1.3.6 High Pressure Drains ............................................................. 7.1-6 7.1.3.7 Main Steam Isolation Valves .................................................. 7.1-7 7.1.3.8 Main Steam Check Valves ..................................................... 7.1-8 7.1.3.9 MSIV Bypass Valves .............................................................. 7.1-8 7.1.4 Auxiliary Steam System -
Steam Power Plant
www.getmyuni.com Steam Power Plant A power plant is assembly of systems or subsystems to generate electricity, i.e., power with economy and requirements. The power plant itself must be useful economically and environmental friendly to the society. The present book is oriented to conventional as well as non-conventional energy generation. While the stress is on energy efficient system regards conventional power systems viz., to increase the system conversion efficiency the supreme goal is to develop, design, and manufacturer the non-conventional power generating systems in coming decades preferably after 2050 AD which are conducive to society as well as having feasible energy conversion efficiency and non-friendly to pollution, keeping in view the pollution act. The subject as a whole can be also stated as modern power plants for power viz electricity generation in 21st century. The word modern means pertaining to time. At present due to energy crisis the first goal is to conserve energy for future while the second step is todevelop alternative energy systems including direct energy conversion devices, with the devotion, dedication and determination remembering the phrase, “Delve and Delve Again till wade into”. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PLANTS Power Plant 1. Conventional - Steam Engines Power Plants - S team Turbine Power Plants - Diesel Power Plants - Gas Turbine Power Plants - Hydro-Electric Power Plants - Nuclear Power Plants Thermoelectric Generator 2. Non-conventional Thermoelectric generator Fuel-cells Power Plants Photovoltaic solar cells Power S ystem MHD Power Plants Fussion Reactor N PP Power S y stem Biogas, Biomass Energy Power sy stem Geothermal Energy Wind Energy Power System Ocean Thermal energy conversion (OTEC) Wave and Tidal Wave Energ y Plantation Scheme A power plant may be defined as a machine or assembly of equipment that generates and delivers a flow of mechanical or electrical energy. -
Hydraulic Valve Remote Control System
HYDRAULIC VALVE REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM OVERVIEW Nordic Flow Control’s compact design for our Hydraulic Valve Remote Control Systems does not compromise on power. Our systems operate at a higher torque level even with our smaller actuators. Submerged applications are available, and maintenance is possible even during operation. By having a hand pump in a deck box with solenoid valves, manual operations are now possible. Our Hydraulic Valve Remote Control Systems are tried and tested in the harshest conditions. The system consists of the hydraulic actuator, a power unit, solenoid valve cabinet, and the control station with operating system. Our actuators and control systems are able to match and operate valves with no limitations. BENEFITS • Able to operate bigger size valves with smaller actuators • Able to use for submerged applications • Cost efficient • Reliable • Able to operate at hazardous areas • Simplicity of design and control Nordic Flow Control Valve Remote Control Systems 1 COMPONENTS ACTUATORS Nordic Flow Control’s actuators are manufactured using sophisticated machinery in our own production plant. They convert hydraulic energy directly into a mechanical rotating movement by using the rack and pinion principle, elimi- nating cost from intensive servicing, maintenance and the sensitivity of transmission elements. Our actuators are created for durability, performance and cost effectiveness. Our new NRA series actuators are now more compact and provide higher torque at even smaller sizes. They have a longer life span, with higher efficiency. Polymer bearings for smaller actuators and ball bearings for bigger actuators are used to reduce friction between the parts. Mounting is according to ISO5211 standards, but can be customised to meet other requirements. -
NBIC Pressure Relief Device (PRD) Inspection Guide
NBIC Pressure Relief Device (PRD) Inspection Guide This guide provides a basis for NBIC Inspectors use in reviewing Pressure Relief Devices (PRD’s) for compliance with the National Board Inspection Code (NBIC). It is only intended to provide general guidance, and must be used in conjunction with NBIC, Part 2 for specific details of inspection. 1. Description and Overview Pressure relief devices are used to provide a means of venting excess pressure which could rupture a boiler or pressure vessel. A pressure relief device is the last line of defense for safety. If all other safety devices or operating controls fail, the pressure relief device must be capable of venting excess pressure. 2. Types of Devices There are many types of pressure relief devices available for use in the boiler and pressure vessel industry. This inspector guide will address the most common devices found on boilers and pressure vessels. Virtually all jurisdictions require a pressure relief device to be manufactured and certified in accordance with the ASME Code in addition to being capacity certified by the National Board. The most common types of pressure relief devices are: Pressure Relief Valve – A pressure relief device designed for emergency or abnormal over pressure conditions and designed to reclose after the pressure has been reduced. Safety Valve – This device is typically used for steam or vapor service. It operates automatically with a full-opening pop action and recloses when the pressure drops to a value consistent with the blowdown requirements prescribed by the applicable governing code or standard. Relief Valve – This device is typically used for liquid service. -
BASIS SAFETY CONTROLS for HOT WATER and LOW-PRESSURE STEAM BOILERS By: Tom Vana, Factory Representative, Mcdonnell & Miller, Inc
Service Application Manual SAM Chapter 630-36 Section 20 BASIS SAFETY CONTROLS FOR HOT WATER AND LOW-PRESSURE STEAM BOILERS By: Tom Vana, Factory Representative, McDonnell & Miller, Inc. HOT WATER SPACE HEATING BOILERS SAFTETY RELIEF VALVES Good engineering tells us that every hot water boiler must have a safety relief valve that will keep the pressure at or below the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler. But until recently the methods of accomplishing this objective were not clearly understood. Figure 70F51A shows one method of attempting to provide protection against over-pressure which is unsafe for these reasons: 1. The relief valve does not comply with the ASME Boiler code requirements. 2. Its capacity is unknown. 3. It is installed in the wrong location. 4. It can inadvertently be isolated from the boiler due to lime or scale build-up in boiler feed line. 5. The function of a relief valve has nothing in common with a pressure reducing type fill valve. A combination of the two units is based on price consideration—not performance. The first basic step in providing correct safety control for a hot water boiler is to make sure that an ASME relief valve is installed. The ASME Code states: “Every hot water heating boiler shall have at least one officially rated pressure relief valve set to relieve at or below the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler… Relief valve shall be connected to the Copyright © 1966, 2009, By Refrigeration Service Engineers Society. -1- top of boilers with the spindle vertical if possible…. No shutoff of any description shall be placed between the relief valve and the boiler, nor on the discharge pipe between such valve and the atmosphere.” Figure 70F51B shows the correct and safe installation of the relief valve. -
Guide to Injectors
Advanced Guide to Injectors A little bit here on injectors may be helpful. These are small units that put water into the boiler by using boiler steam against boiler pressure. These are magic, but can often be temperamental and certainly many will not work with warm water. To start, turn on cold water until it flows out of the injector overflow, then turn on the steam slowly and the flow of water should stop. If at first they do not pick up, then shut off the steam and start the process again. Some injectors work better at higher pressures and some at lower, (The size of the internal steam cone makes a difference). You have to get to know which pressure range your injector works best at. To make the injector work you need a good flow of cold water, it is essential that there are no leaks on the suction side as this will draw in air and stop the injector working. NEVER use anything to poke in the steam cones to clean them. Always use a liquid solvent to do this job. Some people even immerse them in coke a cola to clean them and that certainly works, More on Water Levels A word about the hatching may help those that do not know. If a piece of white card or indeed anything painted white is placed behind the gauge glass that has black lines at a 45 degree angle across all the way up it. With this it will show the exact water level very easily. If water is present in the glass when viewed from the front, the lines will show up as straight not angled. -
Hackworth Family Archive
Hackworth Family Archive A cataloguing project made possible by the National Cataloguing Grants Programme for Archives Science Museum Group 1 Description of Entire Archive: HACK (fonds level description) Title Hackworth Family Archive Fonds reference code GB 0756 HACK Dates 1810’s-1980’s Extent & Medium of the unit of the 1036 letters with accompanying letters and associated documents, 151 pieces of printed material and printed images, unit of description 13 volumes, 6 drawings, 4 large items Name of creator s Hackworth Family Administrative/Biographical Hackworth, Timothy (b 1786 – d 1850), Railway Engineer was an early railway pioneer who worked for the Stockton History and Darlington Railway Company and had his own engineering works Soho Works, in Shildon, County Durham. He married and had eight children and was a converted Wesleyan Methodist. He manufactured and designed locomotives and other engines and worked with other significant railway individuals of the time, for example George and Robert Stephenson. He was responsible for manufacturing the first locomotive for Russia and British North America. It has been debated historically up to the present day whether Hackworth gained enough recognition for his work. Proponents of Hackworth have suggested that he invented of the ‘blast pipe’ which led to the success of locomotives over other forms of rail transport. His sons other relatives went on to be engineers. His eldest son, John Wesley Hackworth did a lot of work to promote his fathers memory after he died. His daughters, friends, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and ancestors to this day have worked to try and gain him a prominent place in railway history. -
Pentair Pressure Relief Valve Engineering Handbook Anderson Greenwood, Crosby and Varec Products
Pentair Pressure Relief Valve Engineering Handbook Anderson Greenwood, Crosby and Varec Products VALVES & CONTROLS Pentair Pressure Relief Valve Engineering Handbook Forward Technical Publication No. TP-V300 Copyright © 2012 Pentair Valves & Controls. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without written permission. Pentair Valves & Controls (PVC) provides the information herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. Individuals using this information in this publication must exercise their independent judgment in evaluating product selection and determining product appropriateness for their particular purpose and system requirements. PVC makes no representations or warranties, either express or implied, including without limitation any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose with respect to the information set forth herein or the product(s) to which the information refers. Accordingly, PVC will not be responsible for damages (of any kind or nature, including incidental, direct, indirect, or consequential damages) resulting from the use of or reliance upon this information. Pentair reserves the right to change product designs and specifications without notice. All registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Printed in the USA. PVCMC-0296-US-1203 rev 12-2012 Pentair Pressure Relief Valve Engineering Handbook Contents Technical Publication No. TP-V300 Table of Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction 1.1 Chapter 2 – Terminology 2.1 I. General 2.1 II. Types of Devices 2.1 III. Parts of Pressure Relief Devices 2.1 IV. Dimensional Characteristics – Pressure Relief Valves 2.2 V.