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Vowel Quality and Phonological Projection
i Vowel Quality and Phonological Pro jection Marc van Oostendorp PhD Thesis Tilburg University September Acknowledgements The following p eople have help ed me prepare and write this dissertation John Alderete Elena Anagnostop oulou Sjef Barbiers Outi BatEl Dorothee Beermann Clemens Bennink Adams Bo domo Geert Bo oij Hans Bro ekhuis Norb ert Corver Martine Dhondt Ruud and Henny Dhondt Jo e Emonds Dicky Gilb ers Janet Grijzenhout Carlos Gussenhoven Gert jan Hakkenb erg Marco Haverkort Lars Hellan Ben Hermans Bart Holle brandse Hannekevan Ho of Angeliek van Hout Ro eland van Hout Harry van der Hulst Riny Huybregts Rene Kager HansPeter Kolb Emiel Krah mer David Leblanc Winnie Lechner Klarien van der Linde John Mc Carthy Dominique Nouveau Rolf Noyer Jaap and Hannyvan Oosten dorp Paola Monachesi Krisztina Polgardi Alan Prince Curt Rice Henk van Riemsdijk Iggy Ro ca Sam Rosenthall Grazyna Rowicka Lisa Selkirk Chris Sijtsma Craig Thiersch MiekeTrommelen Rub en van der Vijver Janneke Visser Riet Vos Jero en van de Weijer Wim Zonneveld Iwant to thank them all They have made the past four years for what it was the most interesting and happiest p erio d in mylife until now ii Contents Intro duction The Headedness of Syllables The Headedness Hyp othesis HH Theoretical Background Syllable Structure Feature geometry Sp ecication and Undersp ecicati on Skeletal tier Mo del of the grammar Optimality Theory Data Organisation of the thesis Chapter Chapter -
8 Røynelanddecember2017
8 Virtually Norwegian: Negotiating language and identity on YouTube __________________________________________________________________________ Unn Røyneland Introduction Early January 2017 the city of Oslo suffered heavily from pollution due to a combination of extensive traffic and cold weather. To resolve this problem, the city commissioner for environment and transport, Lan Marie Nguyen Berg, issued a ban on driving diesel cars certain days. The same day a right-wing politician, who was very upset by the ban, posted a message on her Facebook wall where she attacked Nguyen Berg in extremely offensive language. She called Nguyen Berg a Vietnamese bitch, and told her to go back to Vietnam or North-Korea where communists like her belong (Dagsavisen January 17, 2017). The message was quickly picked up by the media, where it provoked resentment and launched a massive debate. The right-wing politician defended herself by saying that this was a private message posted on her Facebook wall, and also that this kind of language use is quite common in her dialect. Both of these excuses were heavily criticized and dismissed in the following debate. As a politician, you are a public figure and hence cannot expect that a post on your Facebook wall will not be spread and taken up by the media. The idea that this kind of language use has anything to do with dialect was also rejected; it is simply degrading and racist language. Still it is interesting that the politician – in the attempt to defend herself – used both these arguments. It illustrates how people tend to think about Facebook as a private site – although they have hundreds of “friends” – and also that the use of dialect is quite common in private writing in Norway. -
Cognitive Predictors of Shallow-Orthography Spelling Speed and Accuracy in 6Th Grade Children
Read Writ DOI 10.1007/s11145-017-9751-3 Cognitive predictors of shallow-orthography spelling speed and accuracy in 6th grade children Vibeke Rønneberg1,2 · Mark Torrance2,3 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Spelling accuracy and time course was investigated in a sample of 100 Norwegian 6th grade students completing a standardized spelling-to-dictation task. Students responded by keyboard with accurate recordings of response-onset latency (RT) and inter-keypress interval (IKI). We determined effects of a number of child- level cognitive ability factors, and of word-level factors—particularly the location within the word of a spelling challenge (e.g., letter doubling), if present. Spelling accuracy was predicted by word reading (word split) performance, non-word spelling accuracy, keyboard key-finding speed and short-term memory span. Word reading performance predicted accuracy just for words with spelling challenges. For correctly spelled words, RT was predicted by non-word spelling response time and by speed on a key-finding task, and mean IKI by non-verbal cognitive ability, word reading, non-word spelling response time, and key-finding speed. Compared to words with no challenge, mean IKI was shorter for words with an initial challenge and longer for words with a mid-word challenge. These findings suggest that spelling is not fully planned when typing commences, a hypothesis that is confirmed by the fact that IKI immediately before within word challenges were reliably longer than elsewhere within the same word. Taken together our findings imply that routine classroom spelling tests better capture student competence if they focus not only on accuracy but also on production time course. -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G. Phd, Mphil, Dclinpsychol) at the University of Edinburgh
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Feature specications and contrast in vowel harmony: The orthography and phonology of Old Norwegian height harmony Jade J. Sandstedt A thesis submitted in fullment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosoph to Linguistics and English Language School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences University of Edinburgh 218 Declaration I declare that this thesis has been composed solely by myself and that it has not been submitted, in whole or in part, in any previous application for a degree. Except where stated otherwise by reference or acknowledgment, the work presented is entirely my own. Jade J. Sandstedt Contents Abstract v Acknowledgements viii I Introduction 1 An Old Norwegian phonological riddle 1 1.1 Introduction ............................... 1 1.1.1 The Old Norwegian riddle in other languages ......... -
Online Activation of L1 Danish Orthography Enhances Spoken Word Recognition of Swedish
Nordic Journal of Linguistics (2021), page 1 of 19 doi:10.1017/S0332586521000056 ARTICLE Online activation of L1 Danish orthography enhances spoken word recognition of Swedish Anja Schüppert1 , Johannes C. Ziegler2, Holger Juul3 and Charlotte Gooskens1 1Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands; Email: [email protected], [email protected] 2Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive/CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 3, place Victor Hugo, 13003 Marseille, France; Email: [email protected] 3Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Emil Holms Kanal 2, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; Email: [email protected] (Received 6 June 2020; revised 9 March 2021; accepted 9 March 2021) Abstract It has been reported that speakers of Danish understand more Swedish than vice versa. One reason for this asymmetry might be that spoken Swedish is closer to written Danish than vice versa. We hypothesise that literate speakers of Danish use their ortho- graphic knowledge of Danish to decode spoken Swedish. To test this hypothesis, first- language (L1) Danish speakers were confronted with spoken Swedish in a translation task. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were elicited to study the online brain responses dur- ing decoding operations. Results showed that ERPs to words whose Swedish pronunciation was inconsistent with the Danish spelling were significantly more negative-going than ERPs to words whose Swedish pronunciation was consistent with the Danish spelling between 750 ms and 900 ms after stimulus onset. Together with higher word-recognition scores for consistent items, our data provide strong evidence that online activation of L1 orthography enhances word recognition of spoken Swedish in literate speakers of Danish. -
Authentic Language
! " " #$% " $&'( ')*&& + + ,'-* # . / 0 1 *# $& " * # " " " * 2 *3 " 4 *# 4 55 5 * " " * *6 " " 77 .'%%)8'9:&0 * 7 4 "; 7 * *6 *# 2 .* * 0* " *6 1 " " *6 *# " *3 " *# " " *# 2 " " *! "; 4* $&'( <==* "* = >?<"< <<'-:@-$ 6 A9(%9'(@-99-@( 6 A9(%9'(@-99-(- 6A'-&&:9$' ! '&@9' Authentic Language Övdalsk, metapragmatic exchange and the margins of Sweden’s linguistic market David Karlander Centre for Research on Bilingualism Stockholm University Doctoral dissertation, 2017 Centre for Research on Bilingualism Stockholm University Copyright © David Budyński Karlander Printed and bound by Universitetsservice AB, Stockholm Correspondence: SE 106 91 Stockholm www.biling.su.se ISBN 978-91-7649-946-7 ISSN 1400-5921 Acknowledgements It would not have been possible to complete this work without the support and encouragement from a number of people. I owe them all my humble thanks. -
Building Runic Networks
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Viking and Medieval Norse Studies Building Runic Networks A Digital Investigation of Dialects in the East Norse Runic Corpus Ritgerð til MA-prófs í Viking and Medieval Norse Studies Benjamin Holt Kt.: 220589-4719 Leiðbeinendur: Haraldur Bernharðsson Michael Lerche Nielsen September 2017 ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to create a complex and three-dimensional overview of East Norse dialects in the age of runic inscription (approximately 700 AD through 1200 AD). It does so through the use of two innovations – namely, variable co-occurrence and network analysis – that allow for greater depth and complexity than previous studies offer. Prior scholarship has focused primarily on only one set of linguistic variables. By examining and analyzing the occurrences of two sets of variables simultaneously, this thesis exponentially increases the complexity – and thus credibility – of the resultant dialectal analysis. Creating networks of runic inscriptions based on these co-occurrences makes it possible to free dialectal data from abstract tables and visualize linguistic connections and patterns in a previously unexplored manner. By so doing, this thesis presents new and innovative insight into the dialects of Runic Swedish, Runic Danish, and Runic Gutnish and paves the way for future digital research into the same. ÚTDRÁTTUR Markmið þessarar ritgerðar er að skapa margbrotið þrívíddaryfirlit yfir austnorrænar mállýskur í rúnaáletrunum (u.þ.b. 700–1200). Þetta er gert með notkun tveggja nýjunga – greiningar á sameiginlegum málbreytum og netgreiningu (e. network analysis) – sem gera það kleift að ná dýpri innsýn og margslungnari niðurstöðum en fyrri rannsóknir þar sem sjónum hefur aðeins verið beint að einni samstæðu af málbreytum. -
The Language Youth a Sociolinguistic and Ethnographic Study of Contemporary Norwegian Nynorsk Language Activism (2015-16, 2018)
The Language Youth A sociolinguistic and ethnographic study of contemporary Norwegian Nynorsk language activism (2015-16, 2018) A research dissertation submitteed in fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science by Research in Scandinavian Studies Track II 2018 James K. Puchowski, MA (Hons.) B0518842 Oilthigh Varsity o University of Dhùn Èideann Edinburgh Edinburgh Sgoil nan Schuil o School of Litreachasan, Leeteraturs, Literatures, Cànanan agus Leids an Languages and Culturan Culturs Cultures 1 This page intentionally left blank This page intentionally left blank 2 Declaration Declaration I confirm that this dissertation presented for the degree of Master of Science by Research in Scandinavian Studies (II) has been composed entirely by myself. Except where it is stated otherwise by reference or acknowledgement, it has been solely the result of my own fieldwork and research, and it has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. For the purposes of examination, the set word-limit for this dissertation is 30 000. I confirm that the content given in Chapters 1 to 7 does not exceed this restriction. Appendices – which remain outwith the word-limit – are provided alongside the bibliography. As this work is my own, I accept full responsibility for errors or factual inaccuracies. James Konrad Puchowski 3 Abstract Abstract Nynorsk is one of two codified orthographies of the Norwegian language (along with Bokmål) used by around 15% of the Norwegian population. Originating out of a linguistic project by Ivar Aasen following Norway’s separation from Denmark and ratification of a Norwegian Constitution in 1814, the history of Nynorsk in civil society has been marked by its association with "language activist" organisations which have to-date been examined from historiographical perspectives (Bucken-Knapp 2003, Puzey 2011). -
CEN WORKSHOP Agreementfinal Draft for CWA/MES:1998
CEN WORKSHOP AGREEMENTFinal draft for CWA/MES:1998 1998-11-18 English version Information technology – Multilingual European Subsets in ISO/IEC 10646-1 Technologies de l’information – Informationstechnologie – Jeux partiels européens multilingues Mehrsprachige europäische Untermengen dans l’ISO/CEI 10646-1 in ISO/IEC 10646-1 This CEN Workshop Agreement has been drafted and approved by a Workshop of representatives of interested parties, whose names and affiliations can be obtained from the CEN/ISSS Secretariat. The formal process followed by the Workshop in the development of this Workshop Agreement has been endorsed by the National Members of CEN, but neither the National Members of CEN nor the CEN Central Secretariat can be held accountable for the technical content of this CEN Workshop Agreement or for possible conflicts with standards or legislation. This CEN Workshop Agreement can in no way be held as being an official standard developed by CEN and its Members. This CEN Workshop Agreement is publicly available, as a reference document, from the CEN Members National Standard Bodies. CEN Members are the National Standards Bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. CEN EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © CEN 1998 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref.No. CWA/MES:1998 E Information technology – Page 2 Multilingual European Subsets in ISO/IEC 10646-1 Final Draft for CWA/MES:1998 Contents Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1. -
Orthographies in Early Modern Europe
Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Edited by Susan Baddeley Anja Voeste De Gruyter Mouton An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org ISBN 978-3-11-021808-4 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 ISSN 0179-0986 e-ISSN 0179-3256 ThisISBN work 978-3-11-021808-4 is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License, ase-ISBN of February (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 23, 2017. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 LibraryISSN 0179-0986 of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ae-ISSN CIP catalog 0179-3256 record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-3-11-028812-4 e-ISBNBibliografische 978-3-11-028817-9 Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliogra- fie;This detaillierte work is licensed bibliografische under the DatenCreative sind Commons im Internet Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs über 3.0 License, Libraryhttp://dnb.dnb.deas of February of Congress 23, 2017.abrufbar. -
Linguistics, Bachelor Advisor: Peter Bakker
Student information Name: Emil O. W. Kirkegaard Student ID: 20103300 Discipline: Linguistics, bachelor Advisor: Peter Bakker English resumé: In this thesis, I discuss language reform with a focus on orthographic/spelling reform. I briefly review the some prior cases of language reform. I then discuss the motivations for and against reform spellings. For this I draw upon work from psycholinguistics, educational linguistics (phonics), experiments with simplified spelling systems and cross-country comparisons. Then, I review the Danish orthography and its problems. Finally, I review my proposal for a Danish spelling reform, Lyddansk. Dansk resumé: I denne opgave diskuterer jeg sprogreform med et fokus på ortografisk/stavemæssig reform. Jeg gennemgår kort nogle tidligere tilfælde af sprogreform. Derefter diskuterer jeg grundene for og imod en reform af stavemåderne. I min diskussion inddrager jeg værker fra psykolingvistik, uddannelseslingvistik (phonics), eksperimenter med simplificerede stavesystemer og tværnationale sammenligninger. Efter det så gennemgår jeg dansk retskrivning og problemer med den. Til sidst, så gennemgår jeg mit forslag til at reformere danske stavemåder, Lyddansk. 1 Why spelling reform? A review of the reasons with a focus on Danish Emil O. W. Kirkegaard1 1. Introduction After stumbling across the book Cut Spelling (Upward, 1992), I discovered clear parallels between the problems of English spellings and those of Danish, and that the two lent themselves to similar means of reform. Thus I began a proposal, including a few statistical studies of Danish (Kirkegaard, 2010a, b, c), which culminated in the publication of a short book, Lyddansk (Sound Danish; Kirkegaard, 2010d). It was concerned almost exclusively with the linguistic details of specific reform proposals, rather than the more sociopolitical aspect of language reform. -
NOT YET-Constructions in the Swedish Skellefteå Dialect
NOT YET-Constructions in the Swedish Skellefteå Dialect Jill Zachrisson Department of Linguistics Independent Project for the Degree of Bachelor 15 HEC General Linguistics Spring term 2020 Supervisor: Ljuba Veselinova Examiner: Mats Wirén Swedish Title: Inte än-konstruktioner i Skelleftemålet Project affiliation: Expectations shaping grammar: searching for the link between tense-aspect and negation, a research project supported by the Swedish Research Council (Grant nr 2016-01045) NOT YET-Constructions in the Swedish Skellefteå Dialect Abstract Expressions such as not yet, already, still and no longer belong to a category called Phasal Polarity (Phasal Polarity), and express phase, polarity and speaker expectations. In European languages, these often appear as phasal adverbs. However, in the Skellefteå dialect, spoken in northern Sweden, another type of construction is also used to express not yet. The construction consists of the auxiliary hɶ ‘have’ together with the supine form of the lexical verb prefixed by the negative prefix o-, for example I hɶ oskrive breve ‘I haven’t written the letter yet’. I will refer to this construction as the o-construction. Constructions meaning not yet have lately been referred to as nondum (from Latin nondum 'not yet') (Veselinova & Devos, forthcoming) and appear to be widely used in grammaticalized forms in, for example, Austronesian- and Bantu languages. The o-construction in the Skellefteå dialect is only mentioned but has no detailed documentation in existing descriptions. The aim of this study is to collect data and analyze the use of this construction. Data were collected through interaction with speakers of the Skellefteå dialect, using questionnaires and direct elicitation.