DOCSLIB.ORG

NOT YET-Constructions in the Swedish Skellefteå Dialect

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NOT YET-Constructions in the Swedish Skellefteå Dialect NOT YET-Constructions in the Swedish Skellefteå Dialect Jill Zachrisson Department of Linguistics Independent Project for the Degree of Bachelor 15 HEC General Linguistics Spring term 2020 Supervisor: Ljuba Veselinova Examiner: Mats Wirén Swedish Title: Inte än-konstruktioner i Skelleftemålet Project affiliation: Expectations shaping grammar: searching for the link between tense-aspect and negation, a research project supported by the Swedish Research Council (Grant nr 2016-01045) NOT YET-Constructions in the Swedish Skellefteå Dialect Abstract Expressions such as not yet, already, still and no longer belong to a category called Phasal Polarity (Phasal Polarity), and express phase, polarity and speaker expectations. In European languages, these often appear as phasal adverbs. However, in the Skellefteå dialect, spoken in northern Sweden, another type of construction is also used to express not yet. The construction consists of the auxiliary hɶ ‘have’ together with the supine form of the lexical verb prefixed by the negative prefix o-, for example I hɶ oskrive breve ‘I haven’t written the letter yet’. I will refer to this construction as the o-construction. Constructions meaning not yet have lately been referred to as nondum (from Latin nondum 'not yet') (Veselinova & Devos, forthcoming) and appear to be widely used in grammaticalized forms in, for example, Austronesian- and Bantu languages. The o-construction in the Skellefteå dialect is only mentioned but has no detailed documentation in existing descriptions. The aim of this study is to collect data and analyze the use of this construction. Data were collected through interaction with speakers of the Skellefteå dialect, using questionnaires and direct elicitation. The results show that the o- construction occurs in the dialect to express NOT YET, but only in specific contexts, where certain conditions must be met. It tends to occur with telic predicates and an omniscient narrator and high probability of the event to materialize in near future enhances the chance of the o-construction to be used. This stand in contrast with more grammaticalized nondums in Austronesian- and Bantu languages where these expressions have a more general meaning and wider applicability. Keywords Nondum, Phasal Polarity, speaker expectations, Westrobothnian, Swedish Sammanfattning Uttryck som inte än, redan, fortfarande och inte längre tillhör en kategori som kallas Phasal Polarity (Phasal Polarity), och uttrycker fas, polaritet och talarförväntningar. I europeiska språk förekommer dessa ofta som fasala adverb. I skelleftemålet, talat i Västerbotten, förekommer dock även en annan typ av konstruktion för att uttrycka inte än. Konstruktionen består av hjälpverbet ’hɶ’ tillsammans med supinumformen av verbet och det negativa prefixet o-, till exempel I hɶ oskrive breve ’Jag har inte skrivit brevet än’. Jag kommer att hänvisa till denna konstruktion som o-konstruktionen. Konstruktioner med betydelsen inte än har den senaste tiden kommit att benämnas som nondum (från latinets nondum ’ännu inte’) (Veselinova & Devos, forthcoming) och tycks förekomma i vid utsträckning i grammatikaliserad form i exempelvis austronesiska språk och bantuspråk. Denna o-konstruktion i skelleftemålet är tidigare nämnd men inte vidare beskriven inom existerande litteratur. Den här studien syftar till att samla in data och analysera användningen av den. Insamling av data har skett genom interaktion med talare av skelleftemålet, genom frågeformulär och direkt elicitering. Resultaten visar att o-konstruktionen förekommer i skelleftemålet för att uttrycka inte än, men endast i specifika kontexter, där vissa förutsättningar måste vara uppfyllda. Den tenderar att förekomma med teliska predikat och ett allvetande subjekt, samt hög sannolikhet för eventet att realiseras i nära framtid, ökar chansen att konstruktionen används. Detta står i kontrast till mer grammatikaliserade nondumkonstruktioner i austronesiska språk och bantuspråk, där dessa uttryck har en mer generell betydelse och vidare användningsområde. Nyckelord Nondum, phasal polarity, talarförväntningar, skelleftemål, svenska 1 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 4 Presentation Conventions ........................................................................... 5 2 Background ....................................................................................... 6 The Skellefteå Dialect ................................................................................ 6 Historical- and Social Context of the Skellefteå Dialect ............................. 6 Differences between Standard Swedish and the Skellefteå dialect related to NOT YET. ........................................................................................................ 7 Phasal Polarity .......................................................................................... 8 Phasal Polarity Expressions ................................................................... 8 Kramer´s Parameters .........................................................................10 NOT YET as a Grammatical Marker .......................................................10 The Perfect, ALREADY and Iamitives .....................................................12 Aktionsarten ............................................................................................13 Semantic Roles ........................................................................................14 3 Purpose and Research Questions ..................................................... 16 4 Method............................................................................................. 17 Choice of Method .....................................................................................17 Questionnaire 1 .......................................................................................17 Questionnaire 2 .......................................................................................18 Choice of Consultants and Procedure ..........................................................19 5 Results ............................................................................................. 22 Frequency of the O-Construction ................................................................22 Contexts that Trigger the O-Construction ....................................................25 Structure of the O-Construction ...........................................................25 Aktionsarten ......................................................................................26 Current Status of the Predicate ............................................................28 Semantic Roles ..................................................................................29 Expectations ......................................................................................31 Negation where Expectation is missing ..................................................33 Cross-linguistic comparison .......................................................................34 6 Discussion ....................................................................................... 35 Tendencies in the Use of the O-Construction ................................................35 Variation between Consultants ...................................................................36 The o-construction from a cross-linguistic perspective ...................................37 7 Conclusions ..................................................................................... 39 Future Research .......................................................................................40 References ............................................................................................ 41 Appendix A: Questionnaire 1 ................................................................. 43 Appendix B: Questionnaire 1, English version ....................................... 46 Appendix C: Questionnaire 2 ................................................................. 48 Appendix D: Questionnaire 2, English version ....................................... 50 2 List of Abbreviations 1 First person 2 Second person 3 Third person 5 Noun class 5 6 Noun class 6 ANT Anterior DET Determiner FV Final vowel IAM Iamitive INC Inceptive INF Infinitive NEG Negation NOND Nondum PL Plural PST Past tense PTCP Participle REFL Reflexive SBJ Subject SG Singular SUP Supine 3 1 Introduction In order to convey meanings such as not yet, already, still and no longer, European languages commonly use adverbial expressions. The four English adverbials mentioned above are part of what is called Phasal Polarity, a term used for expressions involving phase, polarity as well as speaker expectations (van Baar, 1997:1). When it comes to Standard Swedish, constructions used for Phasal Polarity follow the general trend of European languages with constructions involving adverbials, as shown in the example with inte än ‘not yet’ below: (1) Standard Swedish Jag har inte skrivit brev-et än(nu) I have not write.SUP letter-DET yet ‘I haven’t written the letter yet’ (own data) A different encoding has been observed in a northern Swedish dialect, which was brought to attention by Dahl (2010). The examples cited by Dahl are from a grammar and dictionary on the Northern Westrobothnian dialect from the area of Skellefteå, henceforth called the Skellefteå dialect. Data from this dialect indicate that the concept NOT YET can be expressed not
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Is Spoken Danish Less Intelligible Than Swedish? Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J
    Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish? Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J. van Heuven, Renée van Bezooijen, Jos J.A. Pacilly To cite this version: Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J. van Heuven, Renée van Bezooijen, Jos J.A. Pacilly. Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish?. Speech Communication, Elsevier : North-Holland, 2010, 52 (11-12), pp.1022. 10.1016/j.specom.2010.06.005. hal-00698848 HAL Id: hal-00698848 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00698848 Submitted on 18 May 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish? Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J. van Heuven, Renée van Bezooijen, Jos J.A. Pacilly PII: S0167-6393(10)00109-3 DOI: 10.1016/j.specom.2010.06.005 Reference: SPECOM 1901 To appear in: Speech Communication Received Date: 3 August 2009 Revised Date: 31 May 2010 Accepted Date: 11 June 2010 Please cite this article as: Gooskens, C., van Heuven, V.J., van Bezooijen, R., Pacilly, J.J.A., Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish?, Speech Communication (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.specom.2010.06.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Language Policy in Bilingual Finnish and Swedish Families in Finland
    FAMILY LANGUAGE POLICY IN BILINGUAL FINNISH AND SWEDISH FAMILIES IN FINLAND Austin Huhta Master’s Thesis Applied Linguistics Department of Language and Communication Studies University of Jyväskylä Fall 2020 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Faculty Department Humanities and Social Sciences Department of Language and Communication Studies Author Austin Huhta Title Family Language Policy in Bilingual Finnish and Swedish Families in Finland Subject Level Applied Language Studies Master’s Thesis Month and year Number of pages December 2020 30 Abstract In Finland families are only allowed to choose one language for their child to be the child’s L1 even if the family is bilingual. With both Finnish and Swedish being national languages of Finland this thesis looked into which language a family chose, why they chose it, and how they helped their child maintain it. Looking at their perspective on this can allow us to get further insight into family language policy in Finland. The research method used here is a case study, with semi-structured interviews for the data collection and interpretive phenomenological analysis for the data analysis. This thesis interviewed a bilingual family with a Finn and a Swedish Swede and their one child. It found that while their initial language choice was Swedish, that their family language policy was dynamic. Over time the child was switched from Swedish medium education to Finnish medium education; however, at home multiple family language policies worked together to help maintain his Swedish language skills. The findings demonstrated that the right combination of family language policies and more formal educational settings can work together to help children grow up to be bilingual even if the minority language is mainly used at home.
    [Show full text]
  • Comments Received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2015-046 Outcome
    Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2015-046 Outcome: Accepted after appeal Effective date: May 27, 2016 SIL International ISO 639-3 Registration Authority 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd., Dallas, TX 75236 PHONE: (972) 708-7400 FAX: (972) 708-7380 (GMT-6) E-MAIL: [email protected] INTERNET: http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/ Registration Authority decision on Change Request no. 2015-046: to create the code element [ovd] Ӧvdalian . The request to create the code [ovd] Ӧvdalian has been reevaluated, based on additional information from the original requesters and extensive discussion from outside parties on the IETF list. The additional information has strengthened the case and changed the decision of the Registration Authority to accept the code request. In particular, the long bibliography submitted shows that Ӧvdalian has undergone significant language development, and now has close to 50 publications. In addition, it has been studied extensively, and the academic works should have a distinct code to distinguish them from publications on Swedish. One revision being added by the Registration Authority is the added English name “Elfdalian” which was used in most of the extensive discussion on the IETF list. Michael Everson [email protected] May 4, 2016 This is an appeal by the group responsible for the IETF language subtags to the ISO 639 RA to reconsider and revert their earlier decision and to assign an ISO 639-3 language code to Elfdalian. The undersigned members of the group responsible for the IETF language subtag are concerned about the rejection of the Elfdalian language. There is no doubt that its linguistic features are unique in the continuum of North Germanic languages.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SWEDISH LANGUAGE Sharingsweden.Se PHOTO: CECILIA LARSSON LANTZ/IMAGEBANK.SWEDEN.SE
    FACTS ABOUT SWEDEN / THE SWEDISH LANGUAGE sharingsweden.se PHOTO: CECILIA LARSSON LANTZ/IMAGEBANK.SWEDEN.SE PHOTO: THE SWEDISH LANGUAGE Sweden is a multilingual country. However, Swedish is and has always been the majority language and the country’s main language. Here, Catharina Grünbaum paints a picture of the language from Viking times to the present day: its development, its peculiarities and its status. The national language of Sweden is Despite the dominant status of Swedish, Swedish and related languages Swedish. It is the mother tongue of Sweden is not a monolingual country. Swedish is a Nordic language, a Ger- approximately 8 million of the country’s The Sami in the north have always been manic branch of the Indo-European total population of almost 10 million. a domestic minority, and the country language tree. Danish and Norwegian Swedish is also spoken by around has had a Finnish-speaking population are its siblings, while the other Nordic 300,000 Finland Swedes, 25,000 of ever since the Middle Ages. Finnish languages, Icelandic and Faroese, are whom live on the Swedish-speaking and Meänkieli (a Finnish dialect spoken more like half-siblings that have pre- Åland islands. in the Torne river valley in northern served more of their original features. Swedish is one of the two national Sweden), spoken by a total of approxi- Using this approach, English and languages of Finland, along with Finnish, mately 250,000 people in Sweden, German are almost cousins. for historical reasons. Finland was part and Sami all have legal status as The relationship with other Indo- of Sweden until 1809.
    [Show full text]
  • Role Language in Swedish a Study of the Comic Åsa Nisse
    Role Language in Swedish A Study of the Comic Åsa Nisse Marcus Zanteré 2016 1 Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.1. Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2. Theory ............................................................................................................................... 3 2. Method and Material ................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Introduction of Primary Source ............................................................................................ 5 3. Results ......................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1. Laughing in Swedish ............................................................................................................ 5 3.2. Eye Dialect ............................................................................................................................ 7 3.3. Dialects ................................................................................................................................. 9 4. Discussion and Future Studies ..................................................................................................... 9 5. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Online Activation of L1 Danish Orthography Enhances Spoken Word Recognition of Swedish
    Nordic Journal of Linguistics (2021), page 1 of 19 doi:10.1017/S0332586521000056 ARTICLE Online activation of L1 Danish orthography enhances spoken word recognition of Swedish Anja Schüppert1 , Johannes C. Ziegler2, Holger Juul3 and Charlotte Gooskens1 1Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands; Email: [email protected], [email protected] 2Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive/CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 3, place Victor Hugo, 13003 Marseille, France; Email: [email protected] 3Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Emil Holms Kanal 2, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; Email: [email protected] (Received 6 June 2020; revised 9 March 2021; accepted 9 March 2021) Abstract It has been reported that speakers of Danish understand more Swedish than vice versa. One reason for this asymmetry might be that spoken Swedish is closer to written Danish than vice versa. We hypothesise that literate speakers of Danish use their ortho- graphic knowledge of Danish to decode spoken Swedish. To test this hypothesis, first- language (L1) Danish speakers were confronted with spoken Swedish in a translation task. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were elicited to study the online brain responses dur- ing decoding operations. Results showed that ERPs to words whose Swedish pronunciation was inconsistent with the Danish spelling were significantly more negative-going than ERPs to words whose Swedish pronunciation was consistent with the Danish spelling between 750 ms and 900 ms after stimulus onset. Together with higher word-recognition scores for consistent items, our data provide strong evidence that online activation of L1 orthography enhances word recognition of spoken Swedish in literate speakers of Danish.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Groningen an Acoustic Analysis of Vowel Pronunciation In
    University of Groningen An Acoustic Analysis of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects Leinonen, Therese IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2010 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Leinonen, T. (2010). An Acoustic Analysis of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 01-10-2021 Chapter 2 Background In this chapter the linguistic and theoretical background for the thesis is presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Authentic Language
    ! " " #$% " $&'( ')*&& + + ,'-* # . / 0 1 *# $& " * # " " " * 2 *3 " 4 *# 4 55 5 * " " * *6 " " 77 .'%%)8'9:&0 * 7 4 "; 7 * *6 *# 2 .* * 0* " *6 1 " " *6 *# " *3 " *# " " *# 2 " " *! "; 4* $&'( <==* "* = >?<"< <<'-:@-$ 6 A9(%9'(@-99-@( 6 A9(%9'(@-99-(- 6A'-&&:9$' ! '&@9' Authentic Language Övdalsk, metapragmatic exchange and the margins of Sweden’s linguistic market David Karlander Centre for Research on Bilingualism Stockholm University Doctoral dissertation, 2017 Centre for Research on Bilingualism Stockholm University Copyright © David Budyński Karlander Printed and bound by Universitetsservice AB, Stockholm Correspondence: SE 106 91 Stockholm www.biling.su.se ISBN 978-91-7649-946-7 ISSN 1400-5921 Acknowledgements It would not have been possible to complete this work without the support and encouragement from a number of people. I owe them all my humble thanks.
    [Show full text]
  • Does the Nordic Region Speak with a FORKED Tongue?
    Does the Nordic Region Speak with a FORKED Tongue? The Queen of Denmark, the Government Minister and others give their views on the Nordic language community KARIN ARVIDSSON Does the Nordic Region Speak with a FORKED Tongue? The Queen of Denmark, the Government Minister and others give their views on the Nordic language community NORD: 2012:008 ISBN: 978-92-893-2404-5 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/Nord2012-008 Author: Karin Arvidsson Editor: Jesper Schou-Knudsen Research and editing: Arvidsson Kultur & Kommunikation AB Translation: Leslie Walke (Translation of Bodil Aurstad’s article by Anne-Margaret Bressendorff) Photography: Johannes Jansson (Photo of Fredrik Lindström by Magnus Fröderberg) Design: Mar Mar Co. Print: Scanprint A/S, Viby Edition of 1000 Printed in Denmark Nordic Council Nordic Council of Ministers Ved Stranden 18 Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K DK-1061 Copenhagen K Phone (+45) 3396 0200 Phone (+45) 3396 0400 www.norden.org The Nordic Co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. Does the Nordic Region Speak with a FORKED Tongue? The Queen of Denmark, the Government Minister and others give their views on the Nordic language community KARIN ARVIDSSON Preface Languages in the Nordic Region 13 Fredrik Lindström Language researcher, comedian and and presenter on Swedish television.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Immigrant Multilingualism in Swedish Compulsory Schools
    WORKING PAPER SERIES Online Working Paper No. 09 (2012) Managing Immigrant Multilingualism in Swedish Compulsory Schools Tünde Puskás This paper can be downloaded without charge from: http://www.recode.fi/publications ISSN 2242-3559 RECODE – Responding to Complex Diversity in Europe and Canada ONLINE WORKING PAPER SERIES RECODE, a research networking programme financed through the European Science Foundation (ESF), is intended to explore to what extent the processes of transnationalisation, migration, religious mobilisation and cultural differentiation entail a new configuration of social conflict in post-industrial societies - a possible new constellation labelled complex diversity. RECODE brings together scholars from across Europe and Canada in a series of scientific activities. More information about the programme and the working papers series is available via the RECODE websites: www.recode.fi www.esf.org/recode Series Editor: Peter A. Kraus Editorial Assistant: Daniel Moran Section 1, Workshop 1: Linguistic Diversity and the Changing Dynamics of Political Integration Title: Managing Immigrant Multilingualism in Swedish Compulsory Schools Author: Tünde Puskás Working Paper No. 09 Publication Date of this Version: October 2012 Webpage: http://www.recode.fi/publications © RECODE, 2012 Helsinki, Finland http://www.recode.fi © 2012 by Tünde Puskás All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit is given to the source. The views expressed in
    [Show full text]
  • Building Runic Networks
    Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Viking and Medieval Norse Studies Building Runic Networks A Digital Investigation of Dialects in the East Norse Runic Corpus Ritgerð til MA-prófs í Viking and Medieval Norse Studies Benjamin Holt Kt.: 220589-4719 Leiðbeinendur: Haraldur Bernharðsson Michael Lerche Nielsen September 2017 ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to create a complex and three-dimensional overview of East Norse dialects in the age of runic inscription (approximately 700 AD through 1200 AD). It does so through the use of two innovations – namely, variable co-occurrence and network analysis – that allow for greater depth and complexity than previous studies offer. Prior scholarship has focused primarily on only one set of linguistic variables. By examining and analyzing the occurrences of two sets of variables simultaneously, this thesis exponentially increases the complexity – and thus credibility – of the resultant dialectal analysis. Creating networks of runic inscriptions based on these co-occurrences makes it possible to free dialectal data from abstract tables and visualize linguistic connections and patterns in a previously unexplored manner. By so doing, this thesis presents new and innovative insight into the dialects of Runic Swedish, Runic Danish, and Runic Gutnish and paves the way for future digital research into the same. ÚTDRÁTTUR Markmið þessarar ritgerðar er að skapa margbrotið þrívíddaryfirlit yfir austnorrænar mállýskur í rúnaáletrunum (u.þ.b. 700–1200). Þetta er gert með notkun tveggja nýjunga – greiningar á sameiginlegum málbreytum og netgreiningu (e. network analysis) – sem gera það kleift að ná dýpri innsýn og margslungnari niðurstöðum en fyrri rannsóknir þar sem sjónum hefur aðeins verið beint að einni samstæðu af málbreytum.
    [Show full text]
  • CEN WORKSHOP Agreementfinal Draft for CWA/MES:1998
    CEN WORKSHOP AGREEMENTFinal draft for CWA/MES:1998 1998-11-18 English version Information technology – Multilingual European Subsets in ISO/IEC 10646-1 Technologies de l’information – Informationstechnologie – Jeux partiels européens multilingues Mehrsprachige europäische Untermengen dans l’ISO/CEI 10646-1 in ISO/IEC 10646-1 This CEN Workshop Agreement has been drafted and approved by a Workshop of representatives of interested parties, whose names and affiliations can be obtained from the CEN/ISSS Secretariat. The formal process followed by the Workshop in the development of this Workshop Agreement has been endorsed by the National Members of CEN, but neither the National Members of CEN nor the CEN Central Secretariat can be held accountable for the technical content of this CEN Workshop Agreement or for possible conflicts with standards or legislation. This CEN Workshop Agreement can in no way be held as being an official standard developed by CEN and its Members. This CEN Workshop Agreement is publicly available, as a reference document, from the CEN Members National Standard Bodies. CEN Members are the National Standards Bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. CEN EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © CEN 1998 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref.No. CWA/MES:1998 E Information technology – Page 2 Multilingual European Subsets in ISO/IEC 10646-1 Final Draft for CWA/MES:1998 Contents Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1.
    [Show full text]