A Deep Orthography in Cross-Linguistic Light
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Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present (Impact: Studies in Language and Society)
<DOCINFO AUTHOR ""TITLE "Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present"SUBJECT "Impact 18"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "220"WIDTH "150"VOFFSET "4"> Germanic Standardizations Impact: Studies in language and society impact publishes monographs, collective volumes, and text books on topics in sociolinguistics. The scope of the series is broad, with special emphasis on areas such as language planning and language policies; language conflict and language death; language standards and language change; dialectology; diglossia; discourse studies; language and social identity (gender, ethnicity, class, ideology); and history and methods of sociolinguistics. General Editor Associate Editor Annick De Houwer Elizabeth Lanza University of Antwerp University of Oslo Advisory Board Ulrich Ammon William Labov Gerhard Mercator University University of Pennsylvania Jan Blommaert Joseph Lo Bianco Ghent University The Australian National University Paul Drew Peter Nelde University of York Catholic University Brussels Anna Escobar Dennis Preston University of Illinois at Urbana Michigan State University Guus Extra Jeanine Treffers-Daller Tilburg University University of the West of England Margarita Hidalgo Vic Webb San Diego State University University of Pretoria Richard A. Hudson University College London Volume 18 Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert and Wim Vandenbussche Germanic Standardizations Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert Monash University Wim Vandenbussche Vrije Universiteit Brussel/FWO-Vlaanderen John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements 8 of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Germanic standardizations : past to present / edited by Ana Deumert, Wim Vandenbussche. -
Orthography of Solomon Birnbaum
iQa;;&u*,"" , I iii The "Orthodox" Orthography of Solomon Birnbaum Kalman Weiser YORK UNIVERSITY Apart from the YIVO Institute's Standard Yiddish Orthography, the prevalent sys tem in the secular sector, two other major spelling codes for Yiddish are current today. Sovetisher oysteyg (Soviet spelling) is encountered chiefly among aging Yid dish speakers from the former Soviet bloc and appears in print with diminishing frequency since the end of the Cold War. In contrast, "maskiIic" spelling, the system haphazardly fashioned by 19th-century proponents of the Jewish Enlightenment (which reflects now obsolete Germanized conventions) continues to thrive in the publications of the expanding hasidic sector. As the one group that has by and large preserved and even encouraged Yiddish as its communal vernacular since the Holocaust, contemporary ultra-Orthodox (and primarily hasidic) Jews regard themselves as the custodians of the language and its traditions. Yiddish is considered a part of the inheritance of their pious East European ancestors, whose way of life they idealize and seek to recreate as much as possible. l The historic irony of this development-namely, the enshrinement of the work of secularized enlighteners, who themselves were bent on modernizing East European Jewry and uprooting Hasidism-is probably lost upon today's tens of thousands of hasidic Yiddish speakers. The irony, however, was not lost on Solomon (in German, Salomo; in Yiddish, Shloyme) Birnbaum (1898-1989), a pioneering Yiddish linguist and Hebrew pa leographer in the ultra-Orthodox sector. This essay examines Birnbaum's own "Or thodox" orthography for Yiddish in both its purely linguistic and broader ideolog ical contexts in interwar Poland, then home to the largest Jewish community in Europe and the world center of Yiddish culture. -
From Semantics to Dialectometry
Contents Preface ix Subjunctions as discourse markers? Stancetaking on the topic ‘insubordi- nate subordination’ Werner Abraham Two-layer networks, non-linear separation, and human learning R. Harald Baayen & Peter Hendrix John’s car repaired. Variation in the position of past participles in the ver- bal cluster in Duth Sjef Barbiers, Hans Bennis & Lote Dros-Hendriks Perception of word stress Leonor van der Bij, Dicky Gilbers & Wolfgang Kehrein Empirical evidence for discourse markers at the lexical level Jelke Bloem Verb phrase ellipsis and sloppy identity: a corpus-based investigation Johan Bos 7 7 Om-omission Gosse Bouma 8 Neural semantics Harm Brouwer, Mathew W. Crocker & Noortje J. Venhuizen 7 9 Liberating Dialectology J. K. Chambers 8 0 A new library for construction of automata Jan Daciuk 9 Generating English paraphrases from logic Dan Flickinger 99 Contents Use and possible improvement of UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Lan- guages in Danger Tjeerd de Graaf 09 Assessing smoothing parameters in dialectometry Jack Grieve 9 Finding dialect areas by means of bootstrap clustering Wilbert Heeringa 7 An acoustic analysis of English vowels produced by speakers of seven dif- ferent native-language bakgrounds Vincent J. van Heuven & Charlote S. Gooskens 7 Impersonal passives in German: some corpus evidence Erhard Hinrichs 9 7 In Hülle und Fülle – quantiication at a distance in German, Duth and English Jack Hoeksema 9 8 he interpretation of Duth direct speeh reports by Frisian-Duth bilin- guals Franziska Köder, J. W. van der Meer & Jennifer Spenader 7 9 Mining for parsing failures Daniël de Kok & Gertjan van Noord 8 0 Looking for meaning in names Stasinos Konstantopoulos 9 Second thoughts about the Chomskyan revolution Jan Koster 99 Good maps William A. -
Adaptations of Hebrew Script -Mala Enciklopedija Prosvetq I978 [Small Prosveta Encyclopedia]
726 PART X: USE AND ADAPTATION OF SCRIPTS Series Minor 8) The Hague: Mouton SECTION 6I Ly&in, V. I t952. Drevnepermskij jazyk [The Old Pemic language] Moscow: Izdalel'slvo Aka- demii Nauk SSSR ry6r. Komi-russkij sLovar' [Komi-Russian diclionary] Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe Izda- tel'slvo Inostrannyx i Nacional'nyx Slovuej. Adaptations of Hebrew Script -MaLa Enciklopedija Prosvetq I978 [Small Prosveta encycloPedia]. Belgrade. Moll, T. A,, & P. I InEnlikdj t951. Cukotsko-russkij sLovaf [Chukchee-Russian dicrionary] Len- BENJAMIN HARY ingrad: Gosudtrstvemoe udebno-pedagogideskoe izdatel'stvo Ministerstva Prosveldenija RSFSR Poppe, Nicholas. 1963 Tatqr Manual (Indima Universily Publications, Uralic atrd Altaic Series 25) Mouton Bloomington: Indiana University; The Hague: "lagguages" rgjo. Mongolian lnnguage Handbook.Washington, D C.: Center for Applied Linguistics Jewish or ethnolects HerbertH Papet(Intema- Rastorgueva,V.S. 1963.A ShortSketchofTajikGrammar, fans anded It is probably impossible to offer a purely linguistic definition of a Jewish "language," tional Joumal ofAmerican Linguisticr 29, no part 2) Bloominglon: Indiana University; The - 4, as it is difficult to find many cornmon linguistic criteria that can apply to Judeo- Hague: Moulon. (Russiu orig 'Kratkij oderk grammatiki lad;ikskogo jzyka," in M. V. Rax- Arabic, Judeo-Spanish, and Yiddish, for example. Consequently, a sociolinguistic imi & L V Uspenskaja, eds,Tadiikskurusstj slovar' lTajik-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Gosudustvennoe Izdatel'stvo Inostrmyx i Nacional'tryx SIovarej, r954 ) definition with a more suitable term, such as ethnolect, is in order. An ethnolect is an Sjoberg, Andr€e P. t963. Uzbek StructuraL Grammar (Indiana University Publications, Uralic and independent linguistic entity with its own history and development that refers to a lan- Altaic Series r8). -
Applications and Innovations in Typeface Design for North American Indigenous Languages Julia Schillo, Mark Turin
Applications and innovations in typeface design for North American Indigenous languages Julia Schillo, Mark Turin To cite this version: Julia Schillo, Mark Turin. Applications and innovations in typeface design for North American Indige- nous languages. Book 2.0, Intellect Ltd, 2020, 10 (1), pp.71-98. 10.1386/btwo_00021_1. halshs- 03083476 HAL Id: halshs-03083476 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03083476 Submitted on 22 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BTWO 10 (1) pp. 71–98 Intellect Limited 2020 Book 2.0 Volume 10 Number 1 btwo © 2020 Intellect Ltd Article. English language. https://doi.org/10.1386/btwo_00021_1 Received 15 September 2019; Accepted 7 February 2020 Book 2.0 Intellect https://doi.org/10.1386/btwo_00021_1 10 JULIA SCHILLO AND MARK TURIN University of British Columbia 1 71 Applications and 98 innovations in typeface © 2020 Intellect Ltd design for North American 2020 Indigenous languages ARTICLES ABSTRACT KEYWORDS In this contribution, we draw attention to prevailing issues that many speakers orthography of Indigenous North American languages face when typing their languages, and typeface design identify examples of typefaces that have been developed and harnessed by histor- Indigenous ically marginalized language communities. -
Online Activation of L1 Danish Orthography Enhances Spoken Word Recognition of Swedish
Nordic Journal of Linguistics (2021), page 1 of 19 doi:10.1017/S0332586521000056 ARTICLE Online activation of L1 Danish orthography enhances spoken word recognition of Swedish Anja Schüppert1 , Johannes C. Ziegler2, Holger Juul3 and Charlotte Gooskens1 1Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands; Email: [email protected], [email protected] 2Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive/CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 3, place Victor Hugo, 13003 Marseille, France; Email: [email protected] 3Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Emil Holms Kanal 2, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; Email: [email protected] (Received 6 June 2020; revised 9 March 2021; accepted 9 March 2021) Abstract It has been reported that speakers of Danish understand more Swedish than vice versa. One reason for this asymmetry might be that spoken Swedish is closer to written Danish than vice versa. We hypothesise that literate speakers of Danish use their ortho- graphic knowledge of Danish to decode spoken Swedish. To test this hypothesis, first- language (L1) Danish speakers were confronted with spoken Swedish in a translation task. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were elicited to study the online brain responses dur- ing decoding operations. Results showed that ERPs to words whose Swedish pronunciation was inconsistent with the Danish spelling were significantly more negative-going than ERPs to words whose Swedish pronunciation was consistent with the Danish spelling between 750 ms and 900 ms after stimulus onset. Together with higher word-recognition scores for consistent items, our data provide strong evidence that online activation of L1 orthography enhances word recognition of spoken Swedish in literate speakers of Danish. -
Authentic Language
! " " #$% " $&'( ')*&& + + ,'-* # . / 0 1 *# $& " * # " " " * 2 *3 " 4 *# 4 55 5 * " " * *6 " " 77 .'%%)8'9:&0 * 7 4 "; 7 * *6 *# 2 .* * 0* " *6 1 " " *6 *# " *3 " *# " " *# 2 " " *! "; 4* $&'( <==* "* = >?<"< <<'-:@-$ 6 A9(%9'(@-99-@( 6 A9(%9'(@-99-(- 6A'-&&:9$' ! '&@9' Authentic Language Övdalsk, metapragmatic exchange and the margins of Sweden’s linguistic market David Karlander Centre for Research on Bilingualism Stockholm University Doctoral dissertation, 2017 Centre for Research on Bilingualism Stockholm University Copyright © David Budyński Karlander Printed and bound by Universitetsservice AB, Stockholm Correspondence: SE 106 91 Stockholm www.biling.su.se ISBN 978-91-7649-946-7 ISSN 1400-5921 Acknowledgements It would not have been possible to complete this work without the support and encouragement from a number of people. I owe them all my humble thanks. -
Diacritics for Medieval Studies Introduction Superscript Vowels
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N2266 Date: 2000.09.14 Diacritics for medieval studies Marc Wilhelm Küster and Isabel Wojtovicz Introduction The handling of medieval characters in the context of IT systems is problematic, especially as far as data exchange and publication in electronic media is concerned. There is as yet no reasonably complete list which covers all characters and special symbols used in modern editions of medieval texts. In particular, there is no complete coverage of the many abbreviatures that are typical for medieval manuscripts and no study on the applicability of the character-glyph-model in this context. This paper concentrates on one special aspect of characters in medieval studies, namely super- script letters which are used as diacritics, e. g. ue . These we shall call superscript letter diacritics. While it also cannot claim completeness, it covers the superscript letter diacritics which occur in major medievalistic internet projects and in a selection of important editions. It concentrates exclusively on modern editions of medieval literature and on grammars of Middle High German. Superscript vowels The by far most frequent case is that of superscript vowels (and c). According to (R, 1993) there can be the following letters with a superscript:1 −ao,ae,ac,au,av −oc ,oe ,ov −uc ,ue ,uo ,ui −ıe −vo Most of these represent different pronunciations of the base vowel, usually, but not always, pronunciations that are in between the base vowel and the vowel which is indicated by the superscript, be the result a diphthong or an umlauted letter.2 Thus we can have uo for the /uo/ diphthong3 or ue for u umlaut. -
Beyond Phonology the Role of Morphological and Orthographic Spelling Skills in German
Top Lang Disorders Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 272–285 Copyright c 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Beyond Phonology The Role of Morphological and Orthographic Spelling Skills in German Reinhard Kargl and Karin Landerl German orthography has highly consistent grapheme–phoneme correspondences, whereas the consistency of phoneme–grapheme correspondences is much lower, but morphological consis- tency is very high. After giving a short description of German language and orthography, the current article reviews earlier findings on early spelling acquisition, showing that even poor spellers are well able to produce phonologically adequate spellings early on. In contrast, the acquisition of orthographic markers, which are mostly morphology-based, is a long-term enterprise. We present data for the close association of morphological awareness (assessed by a classroom measure re- quiring students to build new word forms based on presented pseudowords) with orthographic spelling skills. In a large sample (N = 796) of students in Grades 4–7, morphological awareness predicted children’s spelling skills above and beyond fluid intelligence and phonological spelling skills. In the last section of this article, we review findings on the efficiency of morphology-based spelling intervention in German. Key words: morphology, orthography, spelling GERMAN LANGUAGE AND important features. The inventory of German ORTHOGRAPHY consonant phonemes largely overlaps with English. Standard German has eight vowels Different dialects and vernaculars of Ger- that are expressed in short as well as long man are spoken by an estimated 90 million monophthong pronunciations and three native speakers (Lewis, 2009), which makes diphthongs. Short vowel phonemes are all it one of the major languages of the world. -
Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege's 1993 Translation Of
Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege’s 1993 Translation of Rasmus Rask’s Prize Essay of 1818 Frans Gregersen To cite this version: Frans Gregersen. Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege’s 1993 Translation of Rasmus Rask’s Prize Essay of 1818. 2013. hprints-00786171 HAL Id: hprints-00786171 https://hal-hprints.archives-ouvertes.fr/hprints-00786171 Preprint submitted on 7 Feb 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege’s 1993 Translation of Rasmus Rask’s Prize Essay of 1818* 1. Introduction This edition constitutes a photographic reprint of the English edition of Rasmus Rask‘s prize essay of 1818 which appeared as volume XXVI in the Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague in 1993. The only difference, besides the new front matter, is the present introduction, which serves to introduce the author Rasmus Rask, the man and his career, and to contextualize his famous work. It also serves to introduce the translation and the translator, Niels Ege (1927–2003). The prize essay was published in Danish in 1818. In contrast to other works by Rask, notably his introduction to the study of Icelandic (on which, see further below), it was never reissued until Louis Hjelmslev (1899–1965) published a corrected version in Danish as part of his edition of Rask‘s selected works (Rask 1932). -
Building Runic Networks
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Viking and Medieval Norse Studies Building Runic Networks A Digital Investigation of Dialects in the East Norse Runic Corpus Ritgerð til MA-prófs í Viking and Medieval Norse Studies Benjamin Holt Kt.: 220589-4719 Leiðbeinendur: Haraldur Bernharðsson Michael Lerche Nielsen September 2017 ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to create a complex and three-dimensional overview of East Norse dialects in the age of runic inscription (approximately 700 AD through 1200 AD). It does so through the use of two innovations – namely, variable co-occurrence and network analysis – that allow for greater depth and complexity than previous studies offer. Prior scholarship has focused primarily on only one set of linguistic variables. By examining and analyzing the occurrences of two sets of variables simultaneously, this thesis exponentially increases the complexity – and thus credibility – of the resultant dialectal analysis. Creating networks of runic inscriptions based on these co-occurrences makes it possible to free dialectal data from abstract tables and visualize linguistic connections and patterns in a previously unexplored manner. By so doing, this thesis presents new and innovative insight into the dialects of Runic Swedish, Runic Danish, and Runic Gutnish and paves the way for future digital research into the same. ÚTDRÁTTUR Markmið þessarar ritgerðar er að skapa margbrotið þrívíddaryfirlit yfir austnorrænar mállýskur í rúnaáletrunum (u.þ.b. 700–1200). Þetta er gert með notkun tveggja nýjunga – greiningar á sameiginlegum málbreytum og netgreiningu (e. network analysis) – sem gera það kleift að ná dýpri innsýn og margslungnari niðurstöðum en fyrri rannsóknir þar sem sjónum hefur aðeins verið beint að einni samstæðu af málbreytum. -
CEN WORKSHOP Agreementfinal Draft for CWA/MES:1998
CEN WORKSHOP AGREEMENTFinal draft for CWA/MES:1998 1998-11-18 English version Information technology – Multilingual European Subsets in ISO/IEC 10646-1 Technologies de l’information – Informationstechnologie – Jeux partiels européens multilingues Mehrsprachige europäische Untermengen dans l’ISO/CEI 10646-1 in ISO/IEC 10646-1 This CEN Workshop Agreement has been drafted and approved by a Workshop of representatives of interested parties, whose names and affiliations can be obtained from the CEN/ISSS Secretariat. The formal process followed by the Workshop in the development of this Workshop Agreement has been endorsed by the National Members of CEN, but neither the National Members of CEN nor the CEN Central Secretariat can be held accountable for the technical content of this CEN Workshop Agreement or for possible conflicts with standards or legislation. This CEN Workshop Agreement can in no way be held as being an official standard developed by CEN and its Members. This CEN Workshop Agreement is publicly available, as a reference document, from the CEN Members National Standard Bodies. CEN Members are the National Standards Bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. CEN EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © CEN 1998 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref.No. CWA/MES:1998 E Information technology – Page 2 Multilingual European Subsets in ISO/IEC 10646-1 Final Draft for CWA/MES:1998 Contents Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1.