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T.C. Istanbul Üniversitesi Sağlik Bilimleri Enstitüsü T.C. İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ( YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ ) MARMARİS (MUĞLA) İLÇESİNDE ETNOBOTANİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA BAHAR GÜRDAL DANIŞMAN YARD. DOÇ. DR. ŞÜKRAN KÜLTÜR FARMASÖTİK BOTANİK ANABİLİM DALI FARMASÖTİK BOTANİK PROGRAMI İSTANBUL-2010 ii . iii BEYAN Bu tez çalışmasının kendi çalışmam olduğunu, tezin planlanmasından yazımına kadar bütün safhalarda etik dışı davranışımın olmadığını, bu tezdeki bütün bilgileri akademik ve etik kurallar içinde elde ettiğimi, bu tez çalışmayla elde edilmeyen bütün bilgi ve yorumlara kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynakları da kaynaklar listesine aldığımı, yine bu tezin çalışılması ve yazımı sırasında patent ve telif haklarını ihlal edici bir davranışımın olmadığını beyan ederim. Bahar Gürdal (İmza) iv İTHAF Annem’e ithaf ediyorum... v TEŞEKKÜR Çalışmam sırasında bilgi ve birikimleriyle beni yönlendiren ve destek olan Anabilim Dalı Başkanımız hocam Prof. Dr. Neriman Özhatay’a ve danışman hocam Yard. Doç. Dr. Şükran Kültür’e teşekkür ederim. Bitki tayinlerimde yardımcı olan Doç. Dr. Emine Akalın’a ve Farmasötik Botanik Anabilim Dalı çalışma arkadaşlarıma, kimyasal bileşim kısmımı kontrol eden Yard. Doç. Dr. Gülay Melikoğlu’na ve tez yazım kontrolümde yardımcı olan Uzm. Bio. Çağla Kızılarslan’a teşekkür ederim. Tez çalışmamda her zaman beni destekleyen ve yardımlarını esirgemeyen Yard. Doç. Dr. Ernaz Altundağ’a ve Ecz. Burcu Şen’e teşekkür ederim. Bölge ile ilgili kaynak sağlayan Marmaris Kaymakamı A. Serdar Polat’a ve Marmaris Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü’ne teşekkür ederim. Arazi çalışmalarımda her zaman yanımda olan ve köyleri dolaşırken beni yalnız bırakmayan annem Prof. Dr. Hatice Gürdal, Armağan Oflaz, teyzem Olcay Oflaz, eşi Kaya Oflaz ve kuzenim Aslıhan Oflaz ’a çok teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca Dr. Bora Oflaz’a çalışmam sırasında verdiği destekler için teşekkür ederim. Bilgi ve birikimlerini benimle paylaşan, araziden bitki toplamamı sağlayan Marmaris halkına çok teşekkür ederim. Özellikle her gidişimde benimle arazi çalışmalarıma katılan Resai Şenol ve Salim Bedir’e teşekkür ederim. Her zaman yanımda olan ve beni destekleyen dedem Av. Rüştü Sümer, anneannem Nergiz Sümer ve aileme de teşekkür ederim. Bu çalışma, İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No:4057 vi İÇİNDEKİLER . ................................................................................................................................... İİ BEYAN ..................................................................................................................... İİİ İTHAF ....................................................................................................................... İV TEŞEKKÜR ................................................................................................................ V İÇİNDEKİLER .......................................................................................................... Vİ TABLOLAR LİSTESİ ............................................................................................... Xİ ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ ................................................................................................. Xİİ ÖZET ...................................................................................................................... XVİ ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... XVİİ 1. GİRİŞ VE AMAÇ .................................................................................................... 1 2. GENEL BİLGİLER .................................................................................................. 3 2.1. Araştırma Alanı ................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Bölgenin Tarihçesi ............................................................................................... 4 2.3. Bölgenin Coğrafik Yapısı .................................................................................... 6 2.4. Bölgenin İklimi ve Bitki Örtüsü ........................................................................... 7 2.5. Doğa Koruma Bakımından Önemli Alanlar ......................................................... 9 2.5.1. Marmaris Milli Parkı ....................................................................................... 9 2.5.2. Önemli Bitki Alanı: Bozburun ve Datça Yarımadaları ................................... 10 2.6. Bölgenin Ekonomisi .......................................................................................... 13 3. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM ........................................................................................... 15 4. BULGULAR .......................................................................................................... 20 4.1. Ceterach officinarum DC. (Aspleniaceae) .......................................................... 21 SPERMATOPHYTA................................................................................................ 23 GYMNOSPERMAE ................................................................................................. 23 4.2. Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.) Gord. (Cupressaceae) ......... 23 4.3. Pinus brutia Ten. (Pinaceae) .............................................................................. 25 ANGIOSPERMAE ................................................................................................... 27 DICOTYLEDONES ................................................................................................. 27 4.4. Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae) ................................................................. 27 4.5. Pistacia terebinthus L. subsp. palaestina (Boiss.) Engler (Anacardiaceae) ......... 29 vii 4.6. Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae) ................................................................... 31 4.7. Echium plantagineum L. (Boraginaceae)............................................................ 33 4.8. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller (Cactaceae) ..................................................... 35 4.9. Capparis spinosa L. var. spinosa (Capparaceae) ................................................ 37 4.10. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke var. vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae) ................... 39 4.11. Cistus creticus L. (Cistaceae) ........................................................................... 41 4.12. Cistus salviifolius L. (Cistaceae) ..................................................................... 43 4.13. Anthemis chia L. (Compositae) ........................................................................ 45 4.14. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Compositae) .................................................. 47 4.15. Helichrysum orientale (L.) DC. (Compositae) .................................................. 49 4.16. Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton (Compositae) ............................................................ 51 4.17. Leontodon tuberosus L. (Compositae) .............................................................. 53 4.18. Matricaria chamomilla L. (Compositae) .......................................................... 54 4.19. Senecio vernalis Waldst. et Kit. (Compositae).................................................. 56 4.20. Convolvulus althaeoides L. (Convolvulaceae) .................................................. 58 4.21. Raphanus raphanistrum L. (Cruciferae) ........................................................... 59 4.22. *Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitaceae) ................................................................ 61 4.23. *Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. var. clavata (Cucurbitaceae) .................... 62 4.24. *Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) ....................................................... 64 4.25. Arbutus unedo L. (Ericaceae) ........................................................................... 65 4.26. Erica manipuliflora Salisb. (Ericaceae) ............................................................ 67 4.27. Quercus aucheri Jaub. et Spach (Fagaceae)...................................................... 69 4.28. Quercus coccifera L. (Fagaceae) ...................................................................... 71 4.29. Erodium acaule (L.) Becherer Et Thell. (Geraniaceae) ..................................... 73 4.30. Erodium malacoides (L.) L’Herit. (Geraniaceae) ............................................. 74 4.31. Erodium moschatum L. (Geraniaceae) ............................................................. 75 4.32. Hypericum empetrifolium Willd. (Guttiferae) ................................................... 76 4.33. Hypericum montbrettii Spach (Guttiferae) ........................................................ 78 4.34. Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (Guttiferae) .................................................. 80 4.35. Liquidambar orientalis Miller. (Hamamelidaceae) ........................................... 82 4.36. *Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) ..................................................................... 84 4.37. Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas (Labiatae) ............................................ 87 4.38. Mentha pulegium L. (Labiatae) ........................................................................ 90 viii 4.39. Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata (Labiatae) ..................................................... 92 4.40. Origanum onites L. (Labiatae) ......................................................................... 94 4.41. Phlomis grandiflora H.S. Thompson var. grandiflora (Labiatae) ....................
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