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The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century. -
Aus: Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 116 (1997) 284–299 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt Gmbh, Bonn
ROBERT L. DISE, JR. VARIATION IN ROMAN ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICE: THE ASSIGNMENTS OF BENEFICIARII CONSULARIS aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 116 (1997) 284–299 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 284 VARIATION IN ROMAN ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICE: THE ASSIGNMENTS OF BENEFICIARII CONSULARIS1 Scholarship has only recently begun to recognize the extent to which variation rather than standardiza- tion characterized the functions of the gubernatorial beneficiarii who bulk so large in the administrative record of the Principate.2 But the traditional uniformitarian view of Roman administrative practice con- tinues to influence thinking on the management of the beneficiarii themselves. Thus, while it is increas- ingly acknowledged that the duties of beneficiarii may have varied from place to place or from time to time, the manner in which the empire selected, assigned, and rotated its beneficiarii is conceived of as standardized. It certainly cannot be denied that this view is correct where certain aspects of the internal management of the beneficiarii are concerned. For example, gubernatorial beneficiarii were almost in- variably chosen from the ranks of the legions, and the rare exceptions to this rule were men drawn from citizen regiments of the auxilia. But in fact the internal management of the gubernatorial beneficiarii, and of the administrative infrastructure of which they formed an important part, was a very complex af- fair, which mixed elements of imperial standardization with others of variation. This was particularly the case after the middle of the second century. The Antonines revived and expanded the statio network created by Trajan, creating many new stationes and using gubernatorial beneficiarii to man them. -
Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey
TRAVEL GUIDE SEVEN CHURCHES OF REVELATION TURKEY TURKEY Pergamum Lesbos Thyatira Sardis Izmir Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Samos Ephesus Laodicea Aegean Sea Patmos ASIA Kos 1 Rhodes ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN TURKEY BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa Neapolis park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Abdera Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA Allante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Dasaki Elimia Pydna Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos -
Tlos, Oinoanda and the Hittite Invasion of the Lukka Lands. Some Thoughts on the History of North-Western Lycia in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2014 Tlos, Oinoanda and the Hittite Invasion of the Lukka lands: Some Thoughts on the History of North-Western Lycia in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages Gander, Max DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2014-0039 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-119374 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Gander, Max (2014). Tlos, Oinoanda and the Hittite Invasion of the Lukka lands: Some Thoughts on the History of North-Western Lycia in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. Klio. Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte, 96(2):369-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2014-0039 Klio 2014; 96(2): 369–415 Max Gander Tlos, Oinoanda and the Hittite Invasion of the Lukka lands. Some Thoughts on the History of North-Western Lycia in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages Summary: The present article contains observations on the invasion of Lycia by the Hittite king Tudhaliya IV as described in the Yalburt inscription. The author questions the commonly found identification of the land of VITIS/Wiyanwanda with the city of Oinoanda on account of the problems raised by the reading of the sign VITIS as well as of archaeological and strategical observations. With the aid of Lycian and Greek inscriptions the author argues that the original Wiya- nawanda/Oinoanda was located further south than the city commonly known as Oinoanda situated above İncealiler. These insights lead to a reassessment of the Hittite-Luwian sources concerning the conquest of Lycia. -
Artaxerxes II
Artaxerxes II John Shannahan BAncHist (Hons) (Macquarie University) Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Ancient History, Macquarie University. May, 2015. ii Contents List of Illustrations v Abstract ix Declaration xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations and Conventions xv Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1 THE EARLY REIGN OF ARTAXERXES II The Birth of Artaxerxes to Cyrus’ Challenge 15 The Revolt of Cyrus 41 Observations on the Egyptians at Cunaxa 53 Royal Tactics at Cunaxa 61 The Repercussions of the Revolt 78 CHAPTER 2 399-390: COMBATING THE GREEKS Responses to Thibron, Dercylidas, and Agesilaus 87 The Role of Athens and the Persian Fleet 116 Evagoras the Opportunist and Carian Commanders 135 Artaxerxes’ First Invasion of Egypt: 392/1-390/89? 144 CHAPTER 3 389-380: THE KING’S PEACE AND CYPRUS The King’s Peace (387/6): Purpose and Influence 161 The Chronology of the 380s 172 CHAPTER 4 NUMISMATIC EXPRESSIONS OF SOLIDARITY Coinage in the Reign of Artaxerxes 197 The Baal/Figure in the Winged Disc Staters of Tiribazus 202 Catalogue 203 Date 212 Interpretation 214 Significance 223 Numismatic Iconography and Egyptian Independence 225 Four Comments on Achaemenid Motifs in 227 Philistian Coins iii The Figure in the Winged Disc in Samaria 232 The Pertinence of the Political Situation 241 CHAPTER 5 379-370: EGYPT Planning for the Second Invasion of Egypt 245 Pharnabazus’ Invasion of Egypt and Aftermath 259 CHAPTER 6 THE END OF THE REIGN Destabilisation in the West 267 The Nature of the Evidence 267 Summary of Current Analyses 268 Reconciliation 269 Court Intrigue and the End of Artaxerxes’ Reign 295 Conclusion: Artaxerxes the Diplomat 301 Bibliography 309 Dies 333 Issus 333 Mallus 335 Soli 337 Tarsus 338 Unknown 339 Figures 341 iv List of Illustrations MAP Map 1 Map of the Persian Empire xviii-xix Brosius, The Persians, 54-55 DIES Issus O1 Künker 174 (2010) 403 333 O2 Lanz 125 (2005) 426 333 O3 CNG 200 (2008) 63 333 O4 Künker 143 (2008) 233 333 R1 Babelon, Traité 2, pl. -
295 Emanuela Borgia (Rome) CILICIA and the ROMAN EMPIRE
EMANUELA BORGIA, CILICIA AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 16/2017 ISSN 2082-5951 DOI 10.14746/seg.2017.16.15 Emanuela Borgia (Rome) CILICIA AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE: REFLECTIONS ON PROVINCIA CILICIA AND ITS ROMANISATION Abstract This paper aims at the study of the Roman province of Cilicia, whose formation process was quite long (from the 1st century BC to 72 AD) and complicated by various events. Firstly, it will focus on a more precise determination of the geographic limits of the region, which are not clear and quite ambiguous in the ancient sources. Secondly, the author will thoroughly analyze the formation of the province itself and its progressive Romanization. Finally, political organization of Cilicia within the Roman empire in its different forms throughout time will be taken into account. Key words Cilicia, provincia Cilicia, Roman empire, Romanization, client kings 295 STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 16/2017 · ROME AND THE PROVINCES Quos timuit superat, quos superavit amat (Rut. Nam., De Reditu suo, I, 72) This paper attempts a systematic approach to the study of the Roman province of Cilicia, whose formation process was quite long and characterized by a complicated sequence of historical and political events. The main question is formulated drawing on – though in a different geographic context – the words of G. Alföldy1: can we consider Cilicia a „typical” province of the Roman empire and how can we determine the peculiarities of this province? Moreover, always recalling a point emphasized by G. Alföldy, we have to take into account that, in order to understand the characteristics of a province, it is fundamental to appreciate its level of Romanization and its importance within the empire from the economic, political, military and cultural points of view2. -
Başlik Sayfasi
BAŞLIK SAYFASI ROMA ERKEN İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ’NDE PAMPHYLIA ŞEHİRCİLİĞİ - Iulius Claudiuslar ve Flaviuslar Dönemi - Yüksek Lisans Tezi Ozan ÇAKMAK Eskişehir, 2018 ROMA ERKEN İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ’NDE PAMPHYLIA ŞEHİRCİLİĞİ - Iulius Claudiuslar ve Flaviuslar Dönemi - Ozan ÇAKMAK YÜKSEK LİSANS YETERLİLİK TEZİ Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. Feriştah ALANYALI Eskişehir Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Haziran, 2018 ÖZET ROMA ERKEN İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ’NDE PAMPHYLİA ŞEHİRCİLİĞİ: Iulius Claudiuslar ve Flaviuslar Dönemi Ozan ÇAKMAK Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı Anadolu Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Haziran, 2018 Prof. Dr. Feriştah SOYKAL ALANYALI Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi, Hellenistik karakterli Küçük Asya kentleri için siyasi, sosyal ve dini anlamda dönüm noktası olan önemli bir süreci temsil etmektedir. Bu sürecin henüz başında, Erken İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde şehircilik faaliyetlerinin gelişiminde Romanizasyon ve İmparator Kültü gibi olgular önemli rol oynamıştır. Pax Romana’nın getirdiği barış ve refah ortamıyla birlikte kentler, imparatorluk ideolojisini yansıtan yapılar ile donatılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Pamphylia Bölgesi’nde gerçekleşen kazı ve araştırmalar ışığında Julius – Claudiuslar ve Flaviuslar Dönemi’ne tarihlenen yapılar bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmalarda söz konusu yapıların yalnızca kent bazında ele alınıp bir bütün halinde incelenmemiş olması, önemli bir eksikliktir. Bu çalışmada, Perge, Side, Lyrbe ve Attaleia kentlerindeki on farklı yapı incelenerek dönemin -
Structural Analysis Example of Steel Construction Greenhouses Çelik
Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi European Journal of Science and Technology Sayı 16, S. 61-68, Ağustos 2019 No. 16, pp. 61-68, August 2019 © Telif hakkı EJOSAT’a aittir Copyright © 2019 EJOSAT Araştırma Makalesi www.ejosat.com ISSN:2148-2683 Research Article Structural Analysis Example of Steel Construction Greenhouses Burak Saltuk1* 1 Department of Biosystem Engineering, University of Siirt, Turkey (ORCID: 0000-0001-8673-9372) (İlk Geliş Tarihi 26 Mart 2019 ve Kabul Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2019) (DOI: 10.31590/ejosat.544986) ATIF/REFERENCE: Saltuk, B. (2019) Structural Analysis Example Steel Construction Greenhouses European Journal of Science and Technology, (16), 61-68. Abstract The greenhouse is an agricultural structure which provides the necessary growth factors for plant production and enables the mechanization of the crops. Greenhouse cultivation is one of the most important income generating branches of agriculture. Nowadays, computer software’s are used for anything as it is being used for planning greenhouses, more robust construction and economical results are obtained this way. Business owners, investing their money in greenhouses, are copying the structural features of existing greenhouses with all wrong calculated parameters and errors. Leaving their valuable cash and future of their investment in the hands of an iron-smith. As a result, the greenhouses which are built without static and strength calculations, more materials are used, or insecure constructions are being applied. When an economic loss occurs depending on structural damage, it will unavoidably lead to economic losses for farmers and implicitly for the country. This study, emphasizes the structural Analysis of a one-span glass covered gable-roofed greenhouse, having an area of 720 m2 located in Antalya province. -
5227-2-Kuchuk Asya-2-Cughrafyasi
CHARLES TEXIER 00 00 II�J[J�liJII( A§YA Coğrafyası,Tarihi ve Arkeolojisi Çeviren Ali SUAT Latin Harflerine Aktaran Sadeleştiren Prof. Dr. Yard. Doç. Dr. Kazım Yaşar KOPRAMAN Musa YILDIZ ENFORMASYON VE DOKÜMANTASYON HİZMETLERİ VAKFI Ankara - 2002 © 2002 Enformasyon ve Dokümantasyon Hizmetleri Vakfı 7. Cadde, Kültür Sitesi, No: 104 06370 Batıkent Ankara/ TÜRKİYE Tel: (+90.312) 354 62 66 • Faks: (+90.312) 354 64 63 e-mail: edhvakfı@ada.net.tr • www.edhvakfi.org.tr Eserin Orijinal Adı: Asi e Mineure; Description Geographique, Historique et Archeologique des Provinces et des Villes de la Chersonnese d' Asie. Paris, Typographie de Firmin Didot Freres, Fils et C., Editeurs Imprimeurs de L' Institut de France, 1862, 1882. Eserin Arap Hart'liTürkçe Adı: Kü çük Asya; Coğrafyaya, Tarihe, Asar-ı Atikaya Ait Tarif. İstanbul, Matbaa-i Amire J 92: 1924, 3 c. Proje ve Koordinasyon Hasan DUMAN Latin Harflerine Aktaran Prof. Dr. Kazım Ya§ar KOPRAMAN Gazi Üniv. Fen-Ed. Fak Sadeleştiren Yard. Doç. Dr. Musa YILDIZ Gazi Üniv. Eğt. Fak. Katkıda Bulunanlar Prof. Dr. Semavi EYİCE istanbul Üniv. Ed. Fak. Prof. Dr. Mesut ELİBÜYÜK Ankara Üniv. D.T.C. Fak. Yard. Doç. Dr. Esma İNCE Gazi Üniv. Eğt. Fak. Yard.Doç. Dr. Kenan BİLİCİ Ankara Üniv. D.T.C. Fak. Yard. Doç. Dr. Yücel ŞENYURT Gazi Üniv. Fen-Ed. Fak. Yard. Doç. Dr. Kamil AKARSU Gazi Üniv. Eğt. Fak. Murat ÖNGÖREN Teknik Yardımcı Eserin tüm yayın hakları saklıdır. Hiç bir şekilde gravürler de dahil olmak üzere kısmen de olsa herhangi bir yöntemle kopye edilip, çoğaltı lamaz, yayınlanamaz. ISBN 975-7473-12-X Takım/Set ISBN 975-7473-13-8 I. -
The Greek, Lycian and Roman Craft of Encaustica
e-ISSN: 2149-7826 Disiplinlerarası Akdeniz Araştırmaları Dergisi Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies journal.phaselis.org Volume II (2016) Not just the Shadows on the Stone: the Greek, Lycian and Roman Craft of Encaustica (ἔγκαυσις) and the Polishing (γάνωσις) of Coloured Inscriptions, that is, of Graphō (γράφω) and its Study - Epigraphy Taş Üstündeki Gölgelerin Ötesinde: Renkli Yazıtlardaki Hellen, Lykia ve Roma Yakı Tekniği (ἔνκαυσις) ve Cilalama (γάνωσις) İşçiliği, Diğer Adıyla, Graphō (γράφω) ve İlgili Disiplin - Epigrafi T. M. P. DUGGAN The entire contents of this journal, Phaselis: Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies, is open to users and it is an ‘open access’ journal. Users are able to read the full texts, to down- load, to copy, print and distribute without obtaining the permission of the editor and author(s). However, all references to the book notices, criticisms and translations published in the e-jour- nal Libri are to indicate through reference the source of the citation from this journal. Phaselis: Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies is an international peer-reviewed jour- nal and the book notices, criticisms and translations which have had their peer reviewing process completed will be published on the web-site (www.libridergi.org) in the year of the journal’s issue (e.g. Volume II: January-December 2016). At the end of December 2016 the year’s issue is comp- leted and Volume III: January-December 2017 will begin. Responsibility for the book notices, criticism and translations published in this journal remains with the authors. Citation T. M. P. Duggan, “Not just the Shadows on the Stone: the Greek, Lycian and Roman Craft of Encaustica (ἔγκαυσις) and the Polishing (γάνωσις) of Coloured Inscriptions, that is, of Graphō (γράφω) and its Study - Epigraphy”. -
Rhodiapolis Antik Kentindeki Tarihsel Depremlerin Izleri (Kumluca, Antalya)
65.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 2-6 Nisan/April 2012 65th Geological Congress of Turkey RHODIAPOLIS ANTİK KENTİNDEKİ TARİHSEL DEPREMLERİN İZLERİ (KUMLUCA, ANTALYA) Gülşen Akan1, Erkan Karaman2 , Onur Köse3 1 Maden İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara 2 Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Antalya 3 Yüzüncüyıl Üniversitesi, Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi, Van ([email protected]) ÖZ Rhodiapolis antik kenti, Doğu Likya’nın önemli yerleşkelerinden biri olup, MÖ 8. yy’da kurulmuştur. Rhodiapolis antik kentinin yerleşim alanı, geniş ve verimli bir ova olan Kumluca- Finike Ovası’nın kuzeyindeki Mesozoyik yaşlı Alakırçay Formasyonu birimleri üzerinde yer alır. Rhodiapolis antik kentinin yer aldığı Kumluca-Finike bölgesi, Türkiye’nin sismik etkinliğin en fazla olduğu 1. derece deprem bölgesinde bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bölge ve antik kent çok sayıda tarihsel depremin yıkıcı etkisi altında kalmıştır. Rhodiapolis’teki büyük işçilikler ve ustalıklarla yapılmış sağlam yapıların bir çoğu depremlerin etkisiyle yerlerinden oynayarak deforme olmuş; bazıları ise belli doğrultularda (çoğun GGB’ya doğru) yıkılarak harabe haline dönüşmüştür. Antik kent içindeki yapı duvarlarında yıkılmalar ve kırılarak bölünmeler, aynı yönde düşmüş sütunlar, duvarlardaki yamulma ve çökmeler, taş duvar parçalarındaki dönmeler ve itilmeler, yapılarda sistematik çatlaklar ile enkaz altında kalmış olduğu düşünülen insan iskeletleri tespit edilmiştir. Jeolojik, arkeolojik ve tarihsel deprem kanıtları, Rhodiapolis antik kentinin bir çok depremden etkilenmiş olduğunu göstermektedir. -
Domates Tarihine Damga Vuracak
Vilmorin Anadolu Tohumculuk & Genta Kurumsal Yayını paydaşOCAK 2011 SAYI: 1 Yetiştiriciler Bali f1’in İlmini Çözdü! Örtü Altı Çeşitler Alkışı Hakediyor Aradığımız Her Şey Onda Var bu çesitler domates tarihine damga vuracak SUNUŞSUNUŞ Değerli Paydaş’ım Merhaba, Elinizde tuttuğunuz dergi aracılığı ile bambaşka bir mecrada, Vilmorin Anadolu To- humculuk (VAT) ve GENTA şirketleri adına ilk defa sizlerle beraber olmaktan çok mutluyum. Kurucu ortakları olarak her iki şirketin yaklaşık 25 senelik gelişimlerini ya- şayan en yakın tanığıyım; tek kişi ile başlayan bu yolculuk, günümüzde doğrudan istihdam olarak 84, tekel hakkı verdiğimiz satıcılarımız da göz önüne alındığında 100 kişiyi aşan bir istihdam, 20 milyon Euro’ya yakla- şan toplam ciro büyüklüğü ile bana çok büyük mutluluk veren dina- mik bir yapıya ulaşmıştır. 1986 yılında Fransa’da yerleşik dünyanın en eski tohum firması olan VILMORIN’in (kuruluşu 1742) iştiraki ile kurulmuş olan Anadolu To- hum öncelikle geçimini üretimden sağlayan yetiştiricilere tohum arz etmeyi hedeflemişse de, 1998 yılından itibaren ek olarak ülke- mizde faaliyete başlayan Yapı Marketler aracılığı ile zevk bahçecileri- ne (hobby - amatör) yönelik muhtelif ürünleri de pazara sunmaya başlamış- tır. 2007 yılında çoğunluk hisselerini kendilerine devretmem sonucu şirket dünyanın 4’üncü bü- yük tohum grubu olan ve sermayesi bir üretici kooperatifi tarafından kontrol edilen Limagrain Holding’e geçerek, VAT firması oluşmuştur. GENTA ise kurulduğu 1989 yılından itibaren yüzde 100 Türk sermayesi ile üreticilerin gereksi- nim duyduğu ve VAT tarafından karşılanamayan ürünler konusunda faaliyet göstermiş ve gös- termektedir. Sermaye yapıları değişmesine karşın ortak irade ile her iki şirket günümüzde de 2007’den önce olduğu gibi tam bir sinerji ve uyum içinde faaliyetlerini sürdürmekte ve güçlerini paylaşmaktadır- lar.