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The History of Rome, Vol. 4 [10 AD]
The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Vol. 4 [10 AD] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected]. -
Komai in Lykien
GEPHYRA 1 2004 119-126 Friedrich HILD* KOMAI IN LYKIEN Abstract: Hild presents a comprehensive list of 85 poleis known from the coastal areas and the interior of Lycia. This large number of poleis is countered by far fewer villages (komai) known from literary and epigraphical sources to have existed in the territory (chora) of these cities. The author lists numerous examples of such villages, which were subordinate to the city in whose territory they lay, and provides brief information on the location of many of them. Die antike Kulturlandschaft Lykien war reich gegliedert.1 Einer Reihe von äußerst fruchtbaren Schwemmlandebenen an der Küste (Mündungsdelta des Indos/Dalaman Çay mit der Polis Kalynda, Küstenhof von Telmēssos/Fethiye, Delta des Xanthos Potamos mit Xanthos und Patara, Mündung des Myros Potamos mit Myra, Mündung des Arykandos mit Limyra und Phoinix, Mündung des Alakır Çayı mit Korydalla, Rhodiapolis und Gagai, Mündung des Barsak Çayı bei Tekirova mit Phasēlis, Mündung des Idyros Potamos mit Idyros) standen kleine und kleinste Buchten gegenüber, die ebenfalls als Zentren von Poleis dienten, so An- tiphellos/Kaş, Aperlai (in einer Sympolitie mit Isinda, Apollōnia und Simēna) in Zentrallykien und Kōrykos/Olympos in Ostlykien. Im Hinterland eigneten sich fruchtbare Täler für Stadt- gründungen, so für Tlōs, Pinara und Araxa im Tal des Xanthos Potamos, für Arykanda im Tal des Arykandos und für Akalissos (mit Idebēssos und Korma in einer Sympolitie vereinigt) im Tal des Alakır Çayı. Eingelagert zwischen den beiden großen Gebirgsmassiven des Kragos im Westen und des Masikytos im Osten sind im Quellgebiet des Myros Potamos die großen Becken der Kasaba Ovası mit den Poleis Kandyba und Arneai und die Elmalı Ovası mit den Poleis Podaleia, Chōma und Akarassos. -
SHH Proceedings
STUDIES ON HISTORICAL HERITAGE SHH07 Proceedings of the International Symposium September 17-21, 2007 Antalya, Turkey Organized by Yıldız Technical University Research Center for Preservation of Historical Heritage TA-MIR Edited by Görün Arun SPONSORED by: Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Ministry of Culture the Promotion Fund of Turkish Prime Ministry SUPPORTED by: Chamber of Architects of Antalya, Turkey International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) - Turkey International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS) ICOMOS International Scientific Committee for Analysis and Restoration of Structures of Architectural Heritage (ISCARSAH) SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE: G. Abungu Okello Abungu Heritage Consultants, Kenya S. Akman Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Z. Ahunbay Istanbul Technical University, Turkey M. T. Albert Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Germany T. Atagök Yıldız Technical University, Turkey A. Aytuğ Yıldız Technical University, Turkey L. Binda Politécnico di Milano, Italy D. D'Ayala University of Bath, U.K. M. Drdracky Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic C. Gerstenecker Technical University Darmstadt, Germany G. Gülay Istanbul Technical University, Turkey I. A. Kolay Istanbul Technical University, Turkey F. Kılınçkale Istanbul University, Turkey D. Kuban Istanbul Technical University, Turkey P. Lourenco University of Minho, Portugal A. Miltiadou Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Greece C. Modena University of Padova, Italy I. Mungan Haliç University, Turkey M. Özdoğan Istanbul University, Turkey G. G. Penelis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Z. Polat Yıldız Technical University, Turkey P. Roca Cataluna University Polytechnic, Spain L. Schmidt Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Germany R. Sofronie UNESCO Chair, Romania M. Ş. Sözen Yıldız Technical University, Turkey N. -
Cedrus.Akdeniz.Edu.Tr CEDRUS Cedrus 7 79-119 the Journal of MCRI 705 V (201 ) DOI: 10.13113/CEDRUS/201
cedrus.akdeniz.edu.tr CEDRUS Cedrus 7 79-119 The Journal of MCRI 705 V (201 ) DOI: 10.13113/CEDRUS/201 CAKAL BAYAT UND KOCAGEDIK TEPESI: EINE ANTIKE SIEDLUNG ZWISCHEN MYRA UND TRYSA BERICHT VON EINER LYKIENREISE CAKAL BAYAT VΕ KOCAGEDİK TEPESİ: MYRA VE TRYSA ARASINDA YERALAN ANTİK BİR YERLEŞİM ÜZERİNE BİR LYKIA SEYAHATİ RAPORU * ** *** SELDA BAYBO JÜRGEN BORCHHARDT BANU YENER-MARKSTEINER IN BEGLEITUNG VON ARRAS MARKSTEINER UND IRIS BORCHHARDT Zusammenfassung: In der Chora von Myra sind nörd- Öz: Myra´nın khorasında Gürses Köyü’nün Cakalbayat lich des Ortes Cakalbayat sepulkrale Denkmäler festge- mahhalesinin kuzeyinde sepulkral ve sakral anıtlar tespit stellt worden sowie sakrale Monumente. Bei der Siedlung, edilmiştir. Trysa ile Gürses arasındaki bu anıtların ait ol- zu der diese Monumente zwischen Gürses und Trysa ge- dugu yerleşim, şimdiye kadar 1970’li yıllardan beri lite- hören, handelt es sich wohl um die bislang unbekannte ratürde Gürses olarak bilinen ve Myra ile Kyaneai arasın- untere Siedlung, deren obere Siedlung unter dem Ortsna- daki yol bağlatısında yer alan antik yerleşimin aşağı yer- men Gürses seit 1970 in der Forschung dokumentiert ist leşimi olarak yorumlanabilir ve epigrafik verilerin eksikli- und an der Wegverbindung zwischen Myra und Kyaneai ğine rağmen antik yerleşim Trebendai ile özleştirilebilir. lag. Trotz der bisher fehlenden epigraphischen Evidenz ist es zu vermuten, dass sie mit der antiken Siedlung Tre- bendai zu identifizieren ist. Schlüsselwörter: Lykien • Antike Siedlungen • Sepul- Anahtar Kelimeler: Lykia • Antik Yerleşim • Sepukral krale Denkmäler • Trebendai Anıtlar • Trebendai Einleitung: (Karte 1; Abb. 1- 2.) Es handet sich bei diesem Artikel um die Beobachtungen und Bestandaufnahmen von drei Archäolo- gen und deren Kindern während ihrer frühjährlichen Lykienreisen, die sie seit 2014 miteinander unternehmen. -
Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Kiyi Kilikya Bölgesi'nin Yeri Ve Önemi
T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ARKEOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI KLASİK ARKEOLOJİ BİLİM DALI ROMA DÖNEMİ DOĞU AKDENİZ DENİZ TİCARETİNDE KIYI KİLİKYA BÖLGESİ’NİN YERİ VE ÖNEMİ AHMET BİLİR DOKTORA TEZİ Danışman YRD. DOÇ. DR. MEHMET TEKOCAK Konya 2014 II T. C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Bilimsel Etik Sayfası Adı Soyadı Ahmet Bilir Numarası 104103011001 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı Arkeoloji / Klasik Arkeoloji Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Öğrencinin Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Tezin Adı Kıyı Kilikya Bölgesi’nin Yeri Ve Önemi Bu tezin proje safhasından sonuçlanmasına kadarki bütün süreçlerde bilimsel etiğe ve akademik kurallara özenle riayet edildiğini, tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel kurallara uygun olarak atıf yapıldığını bildiririm. Öğrencinin imzası (İmza) III T. C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Doktora Tezi Kabul Formu Adı Soyadı Ahmet Bilir Numarası 104103011001 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı Arkeoloji / Klasik Arkeoloji Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Tekocak Tez Danışmanı Öğrencinin Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Tezin Adı Kıyı Kilikya Bölgesi’nin Yeri Ve Önemi Yukarıda adı geçen öğrenci tarafından hazırlanan Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Ticaretinde Kıyı Kilikya Bölgesi’nin Yeri Ve Önemi Yeri başlıklı bu çalışma ……../……../…….. tarihinde yapılan savunma sınavı sonu- cunda oybirliği/oyçokluğu ile başarılı bulunarak, jürimiz tarafından yüksek lisans tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ünvanı, Adı Soyadı Danışman ve Üyeler İmza IV Önsöz Geriye dönüp bakınca hep üniversite yılları, kazılar, bölümün koridorları, dostluklar ve hocalar akla geliyor. Bu süre zarfında hissettiğim duygunun bir tarifi olarak aile sıcaklığı kavramını yakıştırabilirim. -
Tourism Potential of Gazipaşa
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 19 (2011) 231–239 The 2nd International Geography Symposium GEOMED 2010 Tourism potential of Gazipaúa (Antalya - Turkey) ùenay Güngöra∗& Recep Bozyi÷itb aMeram Anatolian Vocational Trade High School, Meram/Konya, Turkey bSelçuk University, Ahmet Keleúo÷lu Faculty of Education, Geography Education Department, Meram/Konya,Turkey Abstract The aim of this study was to determine natural, historical and cultural attractions of Gazipasa district and to suggest the possibilities to add the attractions like caves, water sources, flora and faunas to the tourism. Its historical and cultural attractions include antique cities, ruins, tombs and graves, plateaus, hand arts and traditional clothes. Inspite of all these attractions role of Gazipasa in the tourism sector is not on the right level. Therefore tourism potential of Gazipasa district was investigated in order to bring it to a better level in Turkish tourism sector and suggestions are made for necessary investments in this connection. © 2011 Published byby ElsevierElsevier Ltd. Ltd. Selection Selection and/or and/or peer-review peer-review under under responsibility responsibility of ofThe Recep 2nd InternationalEfe and Munir Geography Ozturk Symposium-Mediterranean Environment Keywords: Gazipasa, Tourism, Natural Attracts, Historical and Cultural Attracts. 1. Introduction The town of Gazipaúa is full of natural, historical and cultural attractions. However, it is not benefiting from this richness at a desired level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine tourism potential of Gazipasa and steps to be taked for activating this potential. Such a study on the potential of a touristic place helps both in the touristic development as well as sustainable use of natural environment. -
ST. NICHOLAS CHURCHES in ANATOLIA and THRACE This Paper Contains a Brief Presentation of Some of the Monasteries and Churches De
ST. NICHOLAS CHURCHES IN ANATOLIA AND THRACE This paper contains a brief presentation of some of the monasteries and churches dedicated to St. Nicholas In Anatolia and turklsh Thrace. Our work on the subject was based mainly on previous research and a number of travel journals published between the 16 *n and 20 tn centuries. The main areas of Interest In this connection are Blthynla, Mysla, Cappadocla and Thrace In each of which we have carried out surveys 1. As concerns the other regions, we shall contend ourselves with briefly citing some striking examples. This paper, which will constitute the basis of an extensive future study, will hopefully shed some light upon the development of the St.Nicholas cult in Anatolia and Thrace. Central Anatolia (Galatia, Lycaonta and Cappadocla: Fifteen St.Nicholas churches-or monasteries are located in Central Anatolia. The oldest among these is the monastery of Germacoloneia, which is today a ruinous site situated near Slvrihisar2. H.Dernschwamm, who visited Germacoloneia between 1553-55 quotes the contents of the inscription in his journal 3. The inscription states that the monastery was founded in 897 by the Great Strategos and Drungarios Gregoras during the reign of Emperor Leon VI and his son Alexandres and was dedicated to Saints Nicholas of Myra, Basileios of Caesarea and Hypathlos of Gangra. It is of interest to note that eleven out of the fourteen Nicholas churches in Cappadocla are located around Nigde, namely in Giizelyurt, Uluagac, Akyamac, Helvadere, KIclagac, Kucukkoy and Slvrihisar - Aksaray4. The remaining three are to be found at Kayserl, BaskSy and Mustafapasa. -
THE REACH of the ROMAN EMPIRE in ROUGH CILICIA by HUGHW.ELTON
THE ECONOMIC FRINGE: THE REACH OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN ROUGH CILICIA By HUGHW.ELTON Many discussions of the Roman economy are rather vague about what they mean by 'Roman'. Phrases such as 'Roman Europe' or 'the Roman Empire' often blur two different concepts, that of the cultures of Iron Age Europe and the political institution of the Roman Empire. Cultures in Iron Age Europe varied widely. The Welsh uplands or the Atlas mountains, for example, had an aceramic culture with few public buildings, though were mIed directly by Rome for several centuries. Other regions, not under Roman control, like the regions across the middle Danube, showed higher concentrations of Mediterranean consumer goods and coins than some of these aceramic areas. 1 In Mesopotamia, many societies were urban and literate, not differing in this respect from those in Italy or Greece. Thus, determining what was imperial Roman territory by archaeological criteria alone is very difficult? But these archaeological criteria are important for two reasons. First, they allow us to analyse the cultural and economic changes that occurred in Iron Age Europe between 100 B.C. and A.D. 250. Second, they allow for the possibility of change within Europe that was not caused by the Roman state? Unlike cultures within Iron Age Europe, the Roman Empire was a political structure, imposed by force and dedicated to extracting benefits for the mling elite of the city of Rome.4 As the empire developed and matured, its form changed, but it was never about the mIed, only the rulers. If we accept that the Empire was a political, not an archaeological, structure, it follows that an examination of 'Impact of Empire: Transformation of Economic Life', has to mean an examination of the impact of the Roman imperial state. -
The Route of Paul's First Journey to Pisidian Antioch
New Test. Stud. , pp. –. Printed in the United Kingdom © Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S002868850999004X The Route of Paul’s First Journey to Pisidian Antioch MARK WILSON University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa email: [email protected] The route of Paul’s first journey between Perga and Pisidian Antioch is still dis- puted. This article examines the three alternatives proposed by scholars. It explores the geographical and historical evidence for each route, looking especially at the extensive road system that existed in Pamphylia, Pisidia, and south Galatia in the first century. Bible atlases routinely depict one route and the reasons for this choice are discussed. Based on a review of the evidence, a fresh hypothesis for the route of the first journey is suggested. Keywords: Paul’s first journey, Perga, Pisidian Antioch, Via Sebaste, Roman roads, Acts .; . Introduction The routes that the apostle Paul took on his journeys across Asia Minor still remain in dispute. A case in point is the route of Paul’s first journey from Perga (Πέργη) to Pisidian Antioch. Scholars have suggested three possible routes with variations for this journey. Two of these routes are routinely depicted in Bible atlases, often with little awareness of the ancient road network or the topo- graphy of the area. On a popular level, the recent opening of the St Paul Trail in southern Turkey has also stirred up interest in the route of Paul’s first journey. Although the St Paul Trail does not follow the ancient routes exactly, Kate Clow’s experience in preparing the new path has provided fresh insights into the region’s history and topography. -
Downloadable
EXPERT-LED PETER SOMMER ARCHAEOLOGICAL & CULTURAL TRAVELS TOURS & GULET CRUISES 2021 PB Peter Sommer Travels Peter Sommer Travels 1 WELCOME WHY TRAVEL WITH US? TO PETER SOMMER TR AVELS Writing this in autumn 2020, it is hard to know quite where to begin. I usually review the season just gone, the new tours that we ran, the preparatory recces we made, the new tours we are unveiling for the next year, the feedback we have received and our exciting plans for the future. However, as you well know, this year has been unlike any other in our collective memory. Our exciting plans for 2020 were thrown into disarray, just like many of yours. We were so disappointed that so many of you were unable to travel with us in 2020. Our greatest pleasure is to share the destinations we have grown to love so deeply with you our wonderful guests. I had the pleasure and privilege of speaking with many of you personally during the 2020 season. I was warmed and touched by your support, your understanding, your patience, and your generosity. All of us here at PST are extremely grateful and heartened by your enthusiasm and eagerness to travel with us when it becomes possible. PST is a small, flexible, and dynamic company. We have weathered countless downturns during the many years we have been operating. Elin, my wife, and I have always reinvested in the business with long term goals and are very used to surviving all manner of curve balls, although COVID-19 is certainly the biggest we have yet faced. -
Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775-831
Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775–831 East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 General Editor Florin Curta VOLUME 16 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/ecee Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775–831 By Panos Sophoulis LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Cover illustration: Scylitzes Matritensis fol. 11r. With kind permission of the Bulgarian Historical Heritage Foundation, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Brill has made all reasonable efforts to trace all rights holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sophoulis, Pananos, 1974– Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775–831 / by Panos Sophoulis. p. cm. — (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450, ISSN 1872-8103 ; v. 16.) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-20695-3 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Byzantine Empire—Relations—Bulgaria. 2. Bulgaria—Relations—Byzantine Empire. 3. Byzantine Empire—Foreign relations—527–1081. 4. Bulgaria—History—To 1393. I. Title. DF547.B9S67 2011 327.495049909’021—dc23 2011029157 ISSN 1872-8103 ISBN 978 90 04 20695 3 Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. -
A Re-E Tu Examinatio Urant Asarı N of the Sa 'Ndaki Mez Arcophagus Zar
Mediterranean Journal of Humanities mjh.akdeniz.edu.tr I /1, 2011, 33-41 A Re-examination of the Sarcophagus Inscription at Turant Asarı Turant Asarı’ndaki Mezar Yazıtı Üzerine Yeni Bir İnceleme Mehmet ALKAN* Abstrraact: In this arrticle, a published sarcophaagus inscription from Turant Asarı located 5 km northeast of Myra is re-examined and given a new reading. The era in the first line of the inscription and some personal names in other lines could not be preecisely read in the first edition and these iissues were then left withoout comment. The date ἔτους θορ′ μηνὸς Αὐδναίου ια′ (11th Audnaios 179) in tthe first line is read clearly. This date must have not been reckoned from 311 BC according to the Seleucid era as the year 179 corresponds to 133/32 BC which is too early for the epigraphic form of the letters in this inscription. It may be the Sullan era (179=AD 94/5). But to date the inscription to the period aafter AD 43 seems doubtful from the kitharephoroi specified as the currency of penalty payment in tthe inscription. The typology of the sarcophagus and the letters chharacteristics of the inscription indicate a date around the end of first century BC or the beginning of first century AD and do not permit consideration of an era later than that of Sulla. This approximately dating is taken into consideration the year 179 goes back to the first half of the second century BC. The most important year in this period is 168/7 BC witth the independence of Lycia from Rhodian dominion that would mark the beginning of the Lycian era.